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Chordoid meningiomas (CMs) are a rare subgroup of tumors, accounting for ∼ 0.5% of all meningiomas. Chordoid meningioma tumors correspond to World Health Organization (WHO) Grade II lesions and behave aggressively, with an increased likelihood of recurrence. There are few genetic studies about CMs, but we understand that there is deletion at many chromosomal loci. Histologically, CMs are characterized by strands and cords of meningothelial cells arranged in a mucinous stroma. Morphologically, it can mimic other chondroid and myxoid tumors within the brain and its vicinity, thus posing a diagnostic challenge. Chordoid meningiomas have an aggressive clinical course and a propensity to recur compared with classical meningiomas. The goal of the treatment is surgery, with total resection of the tumor; however, due to its high degree of recurrence, radiotherapy is often necessary as an adjuvant treatment.

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop and validate a chest cavity simulator for teaching video-assited thoracic surgery (VATS). Methods The first phase of the study consisted of developing a chest cavity simulator. A quasi-experimental study was performed in the second phase, and 25 surgeons and residents participated in a three-stage pulmonary suture experiment. The videos were recorded and timed. Generalized linear regression models for repeated measures were used to analyze the outcome change over time. Results The chest cavity simulator consists of a console simulating the left hemithorax. Among the participants, 96% rated the design, visual aspect, positioning ergonomics, and triangulation of the portals as very good or excellent (face validity). There was a decrease in suturing time in step 1 from 435.7 ± 105 to 355.6 ± 76.8 seconds compared to step 3 (p = 0.001). The evaluation of the simulation effectiveness and performance (content validity) was rated as very good or excellent by 96% ofparticipants. The most experienced surgeon showed significant reduction in procedure time (p = 0.021) (construct validity). Conclusions The thoracic cavity simulator is realistic, showing content and construct validity, and can be used in VATS training. The simulation model allowed skill gain in the endoscopic suture.

Este artigo resume um estudo do processo de letramento digital, que se refere à aquisição de práticas de leitura/escrita/uso, possibilitadas pelo computador, que ocorre no curso de extensão e inclusão, denominado UNIFAPDIGITAL da Universidade Federal do Amapá. Os procedimentos metodológicos utilizados na pesquisa consistem em questionários aplicados no início e no final do curso para as turmas do primeiro semestre de 2013. O objetivo foi avaliar e investigar os saberes iniciais e finais dos participantes no que diz respeito ao conhecimento de informática. Os resultados permitiram inferir àquele aluno iniciante que possui pouca ou nenhuma habilidade com as tecnologias computacionais a partir do momento que passa a interagir com elas no curso, apresenta um avanço significativo no conhecimento e no manuseio do computador, permitidas por meio da prática em sala de aula e no uso destas tecnologias no cotidiano. Conclui-se assim que o curso UNIFAPDIGITAL possibilita para os participantes o desenvolvimento de habilidades e capacidades de uso, de leitura e de escrita, com o uso do computador, permitindo desta forma que ocorra o processo de letramento digital.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo sobre o ensino de frações que teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do ensino de frações a partir da opinião de discentes. A produção das informações foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um formulário a 222 alunos de matemática de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Macapá/AP. As informações produzidas após terem sido sistematizadas e analisadas permitiram concluir que a maioria dos alunos possui entre 12 e 14 anos. Sobre a dificuldade em aprender matemática, 94% dos alunos respondeu que não sente dificuldade ou apenas um pouco, 21,6% e 72,1% respectivamente. Para o hábito de estudar matemática, 49% dos alunos afirmaram estudar apenas na véspera da prova. Sobre as notas na disciplina de matemática, a maioria respondeu estar na média, 61%. Cerca de 50% dos alunos apontaram as operações com divisão como as mais difíceis de serem realizadas. Para o domínio da tabuada, 57% afirmou não possuir domínio. Quanto ao uso de tecnologia computacional, 47% dos alunos disse possuir computador pessoal, e 51% dos alunos disse acessar internet em casa. No entanto, 91% afirmou não ter tido aula de informática no laboratório de informática.

The Scinax perpusillus species group consists of thirteen bromeligenous treefrogs, of which only six have had their acoustic parameters appropriately described. In this work, we present the vocal repertory of Scinax littoreus (Peixoto, 1988) based on recordings obtained from three different populations in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Based on our observations we suggest that the vocal repertory of S. littoreus is composed of two distinct types of calls. The call named type A, which corresponds to a long series of multipulsed notes, is likely to have a mating function. This type of call is similar to that reported for Scinax arduous Peixoto, 2002, Scinax peixotoi Brasileiro, Haddad, Sawaya & Martins, 2007, and Scinax perpusillus (Lutz & Lutz, 1939). However, the type A call of S. littoreus is nonetheless readily distinguishable from the comparable call observed in other congeneric species. The call named type B, which exhibits a multipulsed structure, presumably has an aggressive function. We observed that different types of calls could be emitted alone or combined according to the social context. Additionally, we discuss problems involving comparisons of call parameters among species belonging to the S. perpusillus species group, provide an updated geographic distribution map, discuss the conservation status of the included species, and emphasize the importance of acoustic data for the recognition of species groups within Scinax.

Dogos (2011), the second poetry book by Antonio Portela, is full of mysteries. Since the work trusts nothing to chance and the order of his factors alters the product, we should analyze it step by step, poem by poem. Indeed his proposal of a mystical allegory, which consists in a rising path towards a peak of poetic and vital self-knowledge, is not within reach of most people. Autonomous, independent and probably against the current poetic trends, Portela pays tribute both to his favorite classic poets and to David Bowie´s thirty-one songs, in order to ennoble his words and immortalize his idols in his verses.

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo sobre o ensino de frações que teve como objetivo realizar um diagnóstico do ensino de frações a partir da opinião de discentes. A produção das informações foi realizada por meio da aplicação de um formulário a 222 alunos de matemática de escolas públicas e privadas da cidade de Macapá/AP. As informações produzidas após terem sido sistematizadas e analisadas permitiram concluir que a maioria dos alunos possui entre 12 e 14 anos. Sobre a dificuldade em aprender matemática, 94% dos alunos respondeu que não sente dificuldade ou apenas um pouco, 21,6% e 72,1% respectivamente. Para o hábito de estudar matemática, 49% dos alunos afirmaram estudar apenas na véspera da prova. Sobre as notas na disciplina de matemática, a maioria respondeu estar na média, 61%. Cerca de 50% dos alunos apontaram as operações com divisão como as mais difíceis de serem realizadas. Para o domínio da tabuada, 57% afirmou não possuir domínio. Quanto ao uso de tecnologia computacional, 47% dos alunos disse possuir computador pessoal, e 51% dos alunos disse acessar internet em casa. No entanto, 91% afirmou não ter tido aula de informática no laboratório de informática.

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RACIONAL: Transplante de fígado é inevitavelmente associado com períodos de isquemia completa. No entanto, o tempo de oclusão do pedículo hepático é limitado pelas conseqüências da injúria pós-isquêmica do fígado. OBJETIVO: Determinar as principais alterações metabólicas ocasionadas pela isquemia hepática e a provável ação hepatoprotetora da ciclosporina. MÉTODOS: Isquemia hepática normotérmica por 60 minutos foi induzida em ratos. Em seguida, as alterações com o tempo (0, 1, 6, 24 horas) das concentrações sangüíneas e hepáticas de lactato, piruvato, glicose, corpos cetônicos e razão acetoacetato/3-hidroxibutirato, bem como o estado redox citoplasmático e mitocondrial do tecido hepático foram determinados. Outro grupo de animais foi pré-tratado com ciclosporina (10 mg/kg), sendo estudadas as alterações metabólicas no tempo 1 hora após revascularização hepática. RESULTADOS: A isquemia hepática causou elevação da concentração de lactato no fígado, sugerindo que pronunciado grau de metabolismo anaeróbico ocorreu durante o período de isquemia. Isquemia hepática acarretou ainda queda da concentração e da razão dos corpos cetônicos (acetoacetato/3-hidroxibutirato) no sangue arterial no tempo de 1 hora após revascularização. Tal fato reflete que a injuria isquêmica do fígado interfere na cetogênese. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento com ciclosporina causa elevação das concentrações dos corpos cetônicos e da razão acetoacetato/3-hidroxibutirato no sangue arterial após 1 hora de reperfusão hepática, sugerindo que esta droga acelera a cetogênese e, conseqüentemente, a recuperação da lesão isquêmica do fígado.BACKGROUND: Hepatic transplantation is inevitably associated with periods of complete ischemia. However, the clamping of hepatic vascular pedicle is limited by the consequences of the post-ischemic injury to the liver. AIM: To determine the main metabolic alterations caused for the hepatic ischemia and the probable hepatoprotective effect cyclosporin. METHOD: Normothermic hepatic ischemia during 60 minutes was induced in the rats. The time-course (0, 1, 6, 24 hours) of changes in blood and in the hepatic concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, glucose, ketone bodies and in the ratio of acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate, as well as the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial redox state of the liver cells were determined. A group of animals was daily pre-treated with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg) during 4 days until the induction of hepatic ischemia, then they studied 1 hour after hepatic revascularization. Hepatic ischemia caused elevation in the concentrations of lactate in the liver, suggesting that a pronounced level of anaerobic metabolism occurred during the ischemia period. Liver ischemia promoted yet a fall in the concentration and in the ratio of ketone bodies (acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate) in the arterial blood in the studied period of one hour post-revascularization, perhaps reflecting impairment of ketogenesis as a result of the ischemic injury. CONCLUSION: The treatment with cyclosporine cause elevation in the concentration of ketone bodies and in the ratio of acetoacetate/3-hydroxybutyrate in the arterial blood 1 hour after reperfusion of the liver, suggesting that these drugs may accelerate the recovery of the ischemic hepatic lesion with reactivation of ketogenesis.

Herein we present a geographical distribution map of Gastrotheca albolineata, an endemic species of marsupial treefrogs from ombrophilous formations in the Atlantic Forest biome. The new records were provided from field observations, collected specimens and data from museum specimens. The present study report new records from Rio de Janeiro state, provide an updated distribution map, and comments on its ecological aspects, thus contributing to future studies concerning the biogeography and biology of this group. Considering the lack of studies on the biology of this species as well as the lack of knowledge on its population trends, we also suggest changes in the status of conservation of the species by the IUCN.

We report a female Physalaemus soaresi Izecksohn, 1965 collected at the Atlantic rainforest of Serra do Mendanha, municipality of Rio de Janeiro, state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Known only from two localities (and probably extinct in one), P. soaresi is considered a threatened species in Brazil and presumably threatened in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Despite the new record, P. soaresi still fits into the status of endangered and requires the full protection of all areas where it occurs.

We reported a new record of Teratohyla midas for Northeast Brazil and extending its distribution in 1,200km east from the nearest reported area. Additionally we constructed a distribution map based on literature records. Previously to this study, this species was known to occur in Ecuador, Peru, Colombia, Brazil (states of Amazonas and Rondônia), and an isolated population in French Guyana. Also, this record represents the first for Centrolenidae in transitional forests between Cerrado and Amazon biomes.

This is the report of a 46-year-old patient with the preoperative diagnosis of an atrial septal defect (ASD) of the ostium secudum type. After sternectomy, partial agenesis of the left pericardium was diagnosed. It is our opinion that, if the radiographic picture is suggestive of this entity, a clinical search for cardiopulmonary anomalies should be performed, because the majority of these associated anomalies can and should be surgically corrected.

The nocturnal behaviour and reproduction patterns of Sarcophagidae species during the scotophase are largely unexplored for species in the Neotropical region. The aim of this study was to assess the light regimes under which females of Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann, 1830) and Peckia (Sarcodexia) lambens (Wiedemann, 1830) would larviposit and understand how these variables influence intrauterine development in these flies. The experiments were conducted in an experimental room (lux = 100) in two independent experiments: I. Larviposition test: Females mated with males of over 8 days old. II. Intrauterine development test: females over 8 days old and mated were individually isolated. Both experiments were performed under photophases (L:D) of 0:24, 6:18; 12:12; 18:6 and 24:0 for a period of 96 h. Larviposition occurred in total darkness for P. (P.) chrysostoma and P. (S.) lambens in all treatments, without significant differences among photophase treatments (p > 0.05). Photophase influenced the timing of larviposition, occurring as early as 24 h in 12:12 L:D conditions, while no larviposition was observed in the first 24 h in the 0:24 treatment for either species. The light duration significantly affected the percentage of gravid females of both species (p < 0.05), with higher percentages of gravid females in treatments of longer light duration. Females at the initial and intermediate stages of egg development were more strongly associated with treatments of continuous darkness (0:24) or short photophase (6:18), whereas females with an advanced stage of egg development were more prevalent in the 12:12 treatment. The implications of these findings for forensic entomology are profound, challenging conventional knowledge by revealing that necrophagous insects are not limited to diurnal activity patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the results of anatomic pulmonary resections performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy in Brazil. Methods: Thoracic surgeons (members of the Brazilian Society of Thoracic Surgery) were invited, via e-mail, to participate in the study. Eighteen surgeons participated in the project by providing us with retrospective databases containing information related to anatomic pulmonary resections performed by video-assisted thoracoscopy. Demographic, surgical, and postoperative data were collected with a standardized instrument, after which they were compiled and analyzed. Results: The surgeons provided data related to a collective total of 786 patients (mean number of resections per surgeon, 43.6). However, 137 patients were excluded because some data were missing. Therefore, the study sample comprised 649 patients. The mean age of the patients was 61.7 years. Of the 649 patients, 295 (45.5%) were male. The majority-521 (89.8%)-had undergone surgery for neoplasia, which was most often classified as stage IA. The median duration of pleural drainage was 3 days, and the median hospital stay was 4 days. Of the 649 procedures evaluated, 598 (91.2%) were lobectomies. Conversion to thoracotomy was necessary in 30 cases (4.6%). Postoperative complications occurred in 124 patients (19.1%), the most common complications being pneumonia, prolonged air leaks, and atelectasis. The 30-day mortality rate was 2.0%, advanced age and diabetes being found to be predictors of mortality. Conclusions: Our analysis of this representative sample of patients undergoing pulmonary resection by video-assisted thoracoscopy in Brazil showed that the procedure is practicable and safe, as well as being comparable to those performed in other countries.