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Abstract Background The main objectives of the study were to analyse the use of the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) to evaluate the skills of medical students in paediatric basic life support (PBLS), to compare two resuscitation training models and to evaluate the measures to improve the teaching program. Methods Comparative, prospective, observation study with intervention in two hospitals, one undergoing a PILS course (Paediatric Immediate Life Support) and another PBLS. The study was performed over three phases. 1º. PBLS OSCE in 2022 three months after the resuscitation training 2. Measures to improve the training program in 2023 3. PBLS OSCE in 2023. Overall results were analysed and comparison between both sites and those for 2022 and 2023 were made. Results A total of 210 and 182 students took part in the OSCE in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The overall mean score out of 100 was 83.2 (19), 77.8 (19.8) in 2022 and 89.5 (15.9) and 2023, P

Abstract The Edelstein effect is the origin of the spin-orbit torque: a current-induced torque that is used for the electrical control of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic materials. This effect originates from the relativistic spin-orbit coupling, which necessitates utilizing materials with heavy elements. Here, we show that in magnetic materials with non-collinear magnetic order, the Edelstein effect and, consequently, a current-induced torque can exist even in the absence of the spin-orbit coupling. Using group symmetry analysis, model calculations, and realistic simulations on selected compounds, we identify large classes of non-collinear magnet candidates and demonstrate that the current-driven torque is of similar magnitude as the celebrated spin-orbit torque in conventional transition metal structures. We also show that this torque can exist in an insulating material, which could allow for highly efficient electrical control of magnetic order.

El presente trabajo es un análisis bibliométrico comparativo de los países hispanoamericanos y su producción científica registrada en Scopus (Elsevier) sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) en el periodo 2015-2022; está dividido en dos partes. La primera parte aborda el análisis de la producción hispanoamericana en diecinueve países, donde se consigna una fuerte relación entre la producción general de los países y su tamaño demográfico. Además, estudiamos cómo estos se asemejan según su producción: Argentina y Uruguay conforman los países con mayor similitud, mientras que El Salvador es el país del conjunto con mayores diferencias. La segunda parte del estudio profundiza en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de carácter social analizando el impacto que la producción científica de estos países ha tenido y donde, por su impacto internacional, destacan especialmente los Objetivos 2 - Hambre Cero y el 5 - Igualdad de Género. Los países con mayor impacto son Panamá y Costa Rica, seguidos de Argentina y México, en el otro extremo tenemos a Ecuador, Venezuela, Honduras y Cuba.

Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition. While inflammatory biomarkers are valuable for diagnosing and monitoring the disease, their correlation with patients’ quality of life (QoL) is not well-established.Purpose This study aims to investigate the correlations between inflammatory biomarkers and the quality of life (QoL) variables of individuals diagnosed with IBD in clinical remission.Methods The sample of this cross-sectional study included 74 patients (80% women; 45 ± 11 years old) diagnosed with IBD. Outcome variables included faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol levels from hair samples, and anxiety and depression assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively), alongside QoL evaluated with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire 32 (IBDQ-32). Bivariate correlations were calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to identify independent factors contributing to IBDQ-32 scores.Results The IBDQ-32 did not significantly correlate with any biomarkers. However, it exhibited a large and statistically significant negative correlation with HADS-A (r = −0.651) and HADS-D (r = −0.611) scores (p

El propósito del trabajo es explicar cómo se reflejaron en las Estrategias de Seguridad Nacional de Estados Unidos las concepciones que orientaron la política exterior de los gobiernos de Barack Obama, Donald Trump y Joseph Biden. El artículo delimita los presupuestos teóricos de las concepciones estratégicas en materia de política exterior y caracteriza sus principales pilares en cada presidencia en el período 2015-2023.

Abstract Phases with spontaneous time-reversal ( $${{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$ T ) symmetry breaking are sought after for their anomalous physical properties, low-dissipation electronic and spin responses, and information-technology applications. Recently predicted altermagnetic phase features an unconventional and attractive combination of a strong $${{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$ T -symmetry breaking in the electronic structure and a zero or only weak-relativistic magnetization. In this work, we experimentally observe the anomalous Hall effect, a prominent representative of the $${{{{{{{\mathcal{T}}}}}}}}$$ T -symmetry breaking responses, in the absence of an external magnetic field in epitaxial thin-film Mn5Si3 with a vanishingly small net magnetic moment. By symmetry analysis and first-principles calculations we demonstrate that the unconventional d-wave altermagnetic phase is consistent with the experimental structural and magnetic characterization of the Mn5Si3 epilayers, and that the theoretical anomalous Hall conductivity generated by the phase is sizable, in agreement with experiment. An analogy with unconventional d-wave superconductivity suggests that our identification of a candidate of unconventional d-wave altermagnetism points towards a new chapter of research and applications of magnetic phases.

In October 2008 the Latin American Social Medicine Association (ALAMES) organized an international workshop entitled “The Social Determinants of Health.” Representatives of ALAMES’ seven regions participated in discussions of the various consultative papers prepared by the working groups of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health as well as the Commission’s final report. The workshop considered how ALAMES should respond to the work of the Commission. In this paper we summarize the main points outlined in the position paper prepared by the Organizing Committee1 as well as a synopsis of the main contributions made by each of the workshop’s study sections.

Objectives: Identifying host response biomarkers implicated in the emergence of organ failure during infection is key to improving the early detection of this complication. Methods: Twenty biomarkers of innate immunity, T-cell response, endothelial dysfunction, coagulation, and immunosuppression were profiled in 180 surgical patients with infections of diverse severity (IDS) and 53 with no infection (nIDS). Those better differentiating IDS/nIDS in the area under the curve were combined to test their association with the sequential organ failure assessment score by linear regression analysis in IDS. Results were validated in another IDS cohort of 174 patients. Results: C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, pentraxin-3, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), tumoral necrosis factor-α, angiopoietin-2, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and interleukin (IL)-15 yielded an area under the curve ≥0.75 to differentiate IDS from nIDS. The combination of LCN2, IL-15, TREM-1, angiopoietin-2 (Dys-4) showed the strongest association with sequential organ failure assessment score in IDS (adjusted regression coefficient; standard error; P): Dys-4 (3.55;0.44;

The aim of this research consisted of assessing the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the interurban public transport system in a rural region with a sparse population density, considering the number of tickets sold and passengers in each locality, as well as the different connecting lines. From a methodological point of view and with the intention of identifying patterns to explain the behaviour of both the routes and passengers, a series of variables were selected, becoming determining factors that sought to offer a solution to the search for a common trend. Additionally, data processing by the means of statistical analysis and the application of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) tools complemented the procedure. The results obtained in the investigation were provided both by municipality and by interurban routes. An interesting finding of this research was the uneven recovery of the municipalities. The localities closest to the attractor nucleus have recovered more quickly to pre-pandemic mobility levels due to their geographical proximity, larger populations, higher incomes per household, and need to access certain public services. In terms of routes, all the lines showed significant decreases in ticket sales, although with variations. Although passenger numbers have shown a gradual recovery, the initial loss was considerable, and pre-pandemic normality has not been completely achieved. This research provides a comprehensive overview of the changes in interurban mobility over a four-year period. The incorporation of critical variables and the segmentation by municipality and route provide a way to identify discernible patterns of mobility. However, the lack of previous research focusing on the impact of the pandemic in rural areas of low population density restricts the possibility of establishing a comparison and to generalise the findings. The authors consider that future research should include other alternative means of transport in these interurban areas and incorporate variables to characterise passengers, such as age, gender, etc.

Abstract Royal Decree-Law 6/2012 introduced a new Code of Good Practice for Spanish banks and financial institutions with the aim of protecting low-income debtors. In this study, we examine the impact of this legal reform on the lending behavior of banks. We analyze quarterly data spanning from 2005 to 2020(Q1) across the 17 Spanish NUTS II regions. Our analysis employs panel data models incorporating regional, year, and quarter fixed effects, as well as linear and quadratic region-specific time trends. We also include other relevant control variables at the regional level, such as house prices, inflation rates, and unemployment rates. Our findings indicate that the Code had a significant and negative effect on the number of new mortgage loans, the average interest rate, and the average ratio between monthly mortgage payments and wage costs.

Abstract A secondary analysis of a randomized study was performed to study the relationship between volumetric capnography (VCAP) and arterial CO2 partial pressure (PCO2) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and to analyze the ability of these parameters to predict the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest (CA). Asphyxial CA was induced by sedation, muscle relaxation and extubation. CPR was started 2 min after CA occurred. Airway management was performed with early endotracheal intubation or bag-mask ventilation, according to randomization group. CPR was continued until ROSC or 24 min of resuscitation. End-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2), CO2 production (VCO2), and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratio were continuously recorded. Seventy-nine piglets were included, 26 (32.9%) of whom achieved ROSC. EtCO2 was the best predictor of ROSC (AUC 0.72, p < 0.01 and optimal cutoff point of 21.6 mmHg). No statistical differences were obtained regarding VCO2, VCO2/kg and EtCO2/VCO2/kg ratios. VCO2 and VCO2/kg showed an inverse correlation with PCO2, with a higher correlation coefficient as resuscitation progressed. EtCO2 also had an inverse correlation with PCO2 from minute 18 to 24 of resuscitation. Our findings suggest that EtCO2 is the best VCAP-derived parameter for predicting ROSC. EtCO2 and VCO2 showed an inverse correlation with PCO2. Therefore, these parameters are not adequate to measure ventilation during CPR.

Chronic pain occurs at epidemic levels throughout the population. Hypersensitivity to touch, is a cardinal symptom of chronic pain. Despite dedicated research for over a century, quantifying this hypersensitivity has remained impossible at scale. To address these issues, we developed the Chainmail Sensitivity Test (CST). Our results show that control mice spend significantly more time on the chainmail portion of the device than mice subject to neuropathy. Treatment with gabapentin abolishes this difference. CST-derived data correlate well with von Frey measurements and quantify hypersensitivity due to inflammation. Our study demonstrates the potential of the CST as a standardized tool for assessing mechanical hypersensitivity in mice with minimal operator input.

Abstract Progress in magnetoelectric materials is hindered by apparently contradictory requirements for time‐reversal symmetry broken and polar ferroelectric electronic structure in common ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. Alternative routes can be provided by recent discoveries of a time‐reversal symmetry breaking anomalous Hall effect (AHE) in noncollinear magnets and altermagnets, but hitherto reported bulk materials are not polar. Here, the authors report the observation of a spontaneous AHE in doped AgCrSe2, a layered polar semiconductor with an antiferromagnetic coupling between Cr spins in adjacent layers. The anomalous Hall resistivity 3 μΩcm is comparable to the largest observed in compensated magnetic systems to date, and is rapidly switched off when the angle of an applied magnetic field is rotated to ≈80° from the crystalline c‐axis. The ionic gating experiments show that the anomalous Hall conductivity magnitude can be enhanced by modulating the p‐type carrier density. They also present theoretical results that suggest the AHE is driven by Berry curvature due to noncollinear antiferromagnetic correlations among Cr spins, which are consistent with the previously suggested magnetic ordering in AgCrSe2. The results open the possibility to study the interplay of magnetic and ferroelectric‐like responses in this fascinating class of materials.

Abstract We report on the synthesis and characterization of V2O5 nanoparticles grown using a sol–gel method at different calcination temperatures. We observed a surprising reduction in the optical band gap from 2.20 to 1.18 eV with increasing calcination temperature from 400 to 500 °C. Raman and X-Ray diffraction measurements indicated slight changes in the lattice parameters induced by the growth process. However, density functional theory calculations of the Rietveld-refined and pristine structures revealed that the observed optical gap reduction could not be explained by structural changes alone. By introducing oxygen vacancies to the refined structures, we could reproduce the reduction of the band gap. Our calculations also showed that the inclusion of oxygen vacancies at the vanadyl position creates a spin-polarized interband state that reduces the electronic band gap and promotes a magnetic response due to unpaired electrons. This prediction was confirmed by our magnetometry measurements, which exhibited a ferromagnetic-like behavior. Our findings suggest that oxygen vacancies play a crucial role in band gap reduction and the promotion of a ferromagnetic-like response in an otherwise paramagnetic material. This provides a promising route to engineer novel devices.

The main purpose of anti-forensic computer techniques, in the broadest sense, is to hinder the investigation of a computer attack by eliminating traces and preventing the collection of data contained in a computer system. Nowadays, cyber-attacks are becoming more and more frequent and sophisticated, so it is necessary to understand the techniques used by hackers to be able to carry out a correct forensic analysis leading to the identification of the perpetrators. Despite its importance, this is a poorly represented area in the scientific literature. The disparity of the existing works, together with the small number of articles, makes it challenging to find one’s way around the vast world of computer forensics. This article presents a comprehensive review of the existing scientific literature on anti-forensic techniques, mainly DFIR (digital forensics incident response), organizing the studies according to their subject matter and orientation. It also presents key ideas that contribute to the understanding of this field of forensic science and details the shortcomings identified after reviewing the state of the art.

Understanding the origins and evolution of modern grapevine varieties in the Iberian Peninsula and western Europe necessitates an examination of the proportions of Vitis vinifera cultivars, their relationships with wild grapevine populations, and the utilization of seedless cultivars in al-Andalus. Employing morphometric studies, domestication indices, multivariate analysis, and Bayesian hypothesis testing, this study investigates several distinct seed types identified in materials from Roman and medieval deposits. These seeds exhibit a spectrum from highly domesticated to purely wild. Our findings reveal the predominance of Proles Occidentalis Negrul, and the presence of feral-like grapevines associated with Proles Euphratica. Additionally, we observe the continuous presence of wild grapevines related to Vitis sylvestris CC Gmelin throughout the studied period. Seeds exhibiting intermediate characteristics are documented, alongside the identification of “stenosperms”, suggesting anomalies in seed formation. Notably, the presence of Vitis vinifera raisins “stenospermocarpics” of the sultana type is suggested, potentially elucidating the absence of table grapes and raisins of the Proles Orientalis Negrul in the archaeological record, despite frequent mentions by medieval agronomy writers from al-Andalus.

Staphylococcus aureus is a foodborne bacterium frequently isolated from cheeses, and it is responsible for causing food poisoning. The purpose of this study was to develop a secondary model to assess the growth of S. aureus in costeño cheese packaged with an active film. Costeño cheese samples were inoculated with S. aureus and covered with an active film made from an aqueous extract of Schinopsis balansae. Subsequently, the cheese samples were stored at temperatures of 6, 12, 18, and 21 °C. The Huang model was applied to the experimental data of S. aureus to determine growth parameters. The maximum growth rate (µmax) was then used as a function of temperature to create the secondary model using a polynomial equation. The results indicate that the application of the active film of S. aureus had a significant influence on growth parameters of S. aureus such as µmax, lag-phase (λ), and maximum cell population (Ymax) in Costeño cheese. The validation process included measuring the indices: accuracy factor (Af), bias factor (Bf), and root mean square error (RMSE). The secondary model exhibited Af and Bf factors close to one, suggesting that the polynomial models are viable to predict S. aureus growth in cheese packaged with active film, considering temperature and storage time.

IntroductionSpecific IgE (sIgE) is merely a sensitization marker that cannot be used for allergy diagnosis if there are no associated clinical symptoms. As of 2023, there is still no evidence regarding the quantity of sIgE necessary to confirm or exclude clinical disease. Therefore, this study aimed to calculate cut-offs for sIgE, allowing us to effectively diagnose olive or grass pollen allergy and select allergenic immunotherapy (AIT) candidate patients in a region under high olive and grass allergenic pressure.MethodsAn observational retrospective study consisting of the review of electronic medical records from 1,172 patients diagnosed with seasonal rhino-conjunctivitis and suspected allergy to olive or grass pollen. Symptoms correlated with sIgE to Poaceae and Oleaceae whole extracts and sIgE to genuine allergenic components were evaluated. Optimal cut-off values were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Relevant clinical symptoms and AIT indications were taken into consideration when determining the clinical allergy diagnosis.ResultssIgE to Lolium showed the best area under the curve (AUC) for both diagnosis (0.957) and an indication of AIT (0.872). The optimal cut-off values for grass diagnosis and AIT indication were 1.79 kUA/L and 8.83 kUA/L, respectively. A value of 5.62 kUA/L was associated with a positive likelihood ratio (LR) of 10.08 set for grass allergy. Olea sIgE showed the best AUC for the diagnosis (0.950). The optimal cut-off for diagnosis was 2.41 kUA/L. A value of 6.49 kUA/L was associated with a positive LR of 9.98 to confirm olive pollen allergy. In regard to immunotherapy, Ole e 1 sIgE showed the best AUC (0.860). The optimal cut-off was 14.05 kUA/L. Ole e 1 sIgE value of 4.8 kUA/L was associated with a 0.09 negative LR to exclude olive AIT indication.ConclusionsThe sIgE cut-offs found in this population under high olive and grass allergenic pressure reduce the gap between sensitization and clinical allergy, providing a new tool for the diagnosis of seasonal allergic rhinitis/asthma and helping to discriminate patients who will benefit from AIT.

CASE RESOLUTION The heart team decision was to percutaneously treat both the coronary artery disease and the partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC). Percutaneous coronary intervention was successfully performed in the first place. Treatment of the PAPVC was performed 3 months later. Since it is recommended that the diameter of the device should be 30% to 50% larger than the vessel diameter, a 22 mm Amplatzer Vascular Plug II device (AVP-II) (Abbott, United States) was selected based on the VV computed tomography measurements. The procedure was performed under local anesthesia and with fluoroscopic control. A 7-Fr introducer sheath was inserted into the right femoral vein. A 6-Fr multipurpose diagnostic catheter was advanced using a 0.035 in exchange guidewire to reach the VV through the left innominate vein (figure 1A). Angiography confirmed the presence of a left upper pulmonary vein (LUPV) with dual drainage and significant contrast flow from the LUPV to the innominate vein that filled the right chambers (left-to-right shunt) (figure 1, video 1 of the supplementary data). Using a femoral 7-Fr 90 cm Destination Guiding Sheath (Terumo, United States) the AVP-II device was placed and delivered into the VV (figure 2A, video 2 of the supplementary data). The correct position,...

RESOLUCIÓN DEL CASO La decisión del equipo multidisciplinar fue tratar percutáneamente tanto la enfermedad coronaria como el drenaje venoso pulmonar anómalo parcial (DVPAP). En primer lugar, se realizó, con éxito, una intervención coronaria percutánea. El tratamiento de la DVPAP se llevó a cabo 3 meses después. Como se recomienda que los dispositivos tengan un diámetro entre un 30 y un 50% más grande que el diámetro del vaso, se optó por emplear un dispositivo Amplatzer Vascular Plug II (AVP-II) (Abbott, Estados Unidos) de 22 mm de acuerdo con las mediciones obtenidas en la tomografía computarizada de la VV. La intervención se realizó con anestesia local y bajo control fluoroscópico. Se insertó una vaina introductora de 7 Fr en la vena femoral derecha. Posteriormente, se avanzó un catéter diagnóstico multipropósito de 6 Fr empleando una guía de intercambio de 0,035 pulgadas para llegar a la VV a través de la vena innominada izquierda (figura 1A). La angiografía confirmó la presencia de una vena pulmonar superior izquierda (VPSI) con drenaje doble y un importante flujo de contraste desde la VPSI hasta la vena innominada que rellenaba las cámaras derechas (shunt izquierda-derecha) (figura 1, vídeo 1 del material adicional). Empleando una vaina guía Destination de...

This paper presents a novel tool for electricity planning, based on an improvement of MuSIASEM (Multiscale Integrated Analysis of the Societal and Ecological Metabolism) by incorporating a new regional analysis of the electricity metabolism across levels. An analysis of Mexico illustrates this toolkit and shows that the industry sector has economic energy intensity (EEI) with 40.3 MWh/MMXN reaching a higher value than the commerce and services sector with 0.84 MWh/MMXN. Regarding the economic labor productivity (ELP) indicator (AV/h), the industrial sector with 208.5 TMXN/Kh reached a higher value than the commercial and services sector with 114.3 TMXN/Kh. Regarding the exosomatic metabolic rate (EMR), the household sector obtained 59.3 KWh/Kh, whereas the economic sector reached 2486.4 KWh/Kh. Disaggregation of the EMR indicator into economic sectors shows that the industrial sector reached 8.4 KWh/Kh and the commercial and services sector reached 0.10 KWh/Kh. The lack of complete data for the agricultural sector does not allow us to calculate EEI, ELP, and EMR indicators accurately. This innovative approach is useful for governance because it helps us to understand and reduce asymmetries across regions in terms of electricity consumption, resulting in more social equality and a better economic equilibrium across sectors and regions.

Most of the previous studies on the genetic variability in Spanish “Berrenda” breeds have been carried out using DNA microsatellites. The present work aimed to estimate the genetic diversity, population structure, and potential genetic differences among individuals of both Berrenda breeds and groups based on the presence of the Robertsonian chromosomal translocation, rob (1;29). A total of 373 samples from animals belonging to the two breeds, including 169 cases diagnosed as rob (1;29)-positive, were genotyped using an SNP50K chip. The genetic diversity at the breed level did not show significant differences, but it was significantly lower in those subpopulations containing the rob (1;29). Runs of homozygosity identified a region of homozygosity on chromosome 6, where the KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) gene, which determines the typical spotted coat pattern in both breeds, is located. The four subpopulations considered showed minor genetic differences. The regions of the genome that most determined the differences between the breeds were observed on chromosomes 4, 6, 18, and 22. The presence of this Robertsonian translocation did not result in sub-structuring within each of the breeds considered. To improve the reproductive performance of Berrenda breeds, it would be necessary to implement strategies considering the involvement of potential breeding stock carrying rob (1;29).

Blastocystis spp. are among the few enteric parasites with a prevalence that can reach up to approximately 80% in communities of developing countries. This systematic review updates and summarizes available literature on the molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis spp. in Latin American people. This work follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. The literature revised covers from 1 January 2015 to 6 October 2023 in seven different scientific databases, and the material was selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to data found in the 36 selected articles, the prevalence of Blastocystis spp. in Latin America ranged between 5.8% (Bolivian rural communities) and 94.0% (Colombian general public). Generally, genomic DNA was extracted from approximately 200 mg fecal sediments using commercial kits, such as the QIAamp Stool Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) or the Norgen Stool DNA Isolation Kit (Norgen Biotek Corporation, Thorold, ON, Canada). Subtype-specific primers (such as the couple of primers BhRDr–RD5) developed from unique sequences of the SSU rRNA gene were applied to Blastocystis subtyping. Ten specific subtypes (STs) were found as well as various mixed infections, and the most circulating Blastocystis STs were in the order ST3, ST1, ST2, and ST4. The most recent data about Blastocystis spp. molecular epidemiology and the STs in communities of Latin America are limited to studies from specific countries. Novel scientific data from the other countries are required to obtain a complete picture and truly understand the distribution and prevalence of Blastocystis spp. and the STs.

In this study we assessed karyotype size and symmetry for a comprehensive taxonomic and geographic representation of Helianthemum and reconstructed chromosome number evolution in the genus. Using root tips, we photographed mitotic metaphase spreads to obtain chromosome number, total haploid (monoploid) length of the chromosome set (THL), karyotype formula, Stebbins’ classification of karyotype asymmetry, interchromosomal coefficient of variation of chromosome length (CVCL) and intrachromosomal mean centromeric asymmetry (MCA) using MATO (Measurement and Analysis Tools). We found that shifts in chromosome number are not a major driver in the evolution of Helianthemum, whose chromosome number evolved at a constant rate of single chromosome gain or loss. Karyotype asymmetry is very low and little variable in all taxonomic categories studied, with a predominance of metacentric and submetacentric small to medium-sized chromosomes about 3 μm at the genus level. However, total karyotype length varies from 16.91 μm to 47.84 μm at the species level, with a cytogenetic signature that is not conserved within subgenera and most sections. Overall, H. subg. Plectolobum shows both the longest and the most symmetrical karyotypes. We hypothesize that the variation in karyotype size in Helianthemum is likely a consequence of chromosome rearrangements that have occurred under selective pressures.

La comunicación organizacional es un campo de la comunicación que se ha consolidado y ha despertado el interés académico en las últimas décadas; sin embargo, son pocas las investigaciones que sistematizan y analizan su producción académica en revistas científicas. La presente investigación es un análisis sistemático que permitió la caracterización de la producción científica y las tendencias de la comunicación organizacional, a través de los artículos publicados en las revistas disponibles de Web of Science. Se identificaron y analizaron los abordajes, ejes temáticos, técnicas metodológicas, referencias y autores más citados, para dar cuenta de su evolución a lo largo del tiempo, sus necesidades, particularidades y perspectivas. Los resultados advierten que la producción académica en comunicación organizacional se desarrolla particularmente en inglés y que, a pesar de la baja producción en español, se ha llevado a cabo principalmente en España y desde la perspectiva de las relaciones públicas. Asimismo, predominan los estudios con enfoque cualitativo, escritos por más de dos autores, de los cuales la mayoría no cuentan con índice h. Teniendo en cuenta las 13 categorías de la comunicación organizacional que se definieron para este estudio, la comunicación digital y la comunicación externa son las que sobresalen en los artículos.

En este trabajo se plantea una metodología novedosa, basada en la teoría semiótica-cognitiva del aprendizaje (González, 2018), para abordar temas de Mecánica lagrangiana. En el contexto de esta asignatura, correspondiente al nivel superior de profesorados de Física y de licenciaturas en Física, se ejemplifica la metodología mencionada a través del abordaje del conocido teorema de Noether, el cual vincula la simetría de las configuraciones mecánicas con las correspondientes integrales primeras de movimiento. En lugar de la forma clásica de presentar el teorema (mediante el enunciado, la demostración y la ejemplificación), en este caso se parte de un cuadro de propiedades (entre ellas simetrías y conservaciones de distintas configuraciones específicas) y se solicita al estudiante que las relaciones de manera hipotética. Luego se propone construir una expresión formal con base en las ecuaciones de Lagrange, mediante un procedimiento recursivo del que se extrae la demostración del teorema como un esquema conceptual. Finalmente se aplicará este teorema en forma genérica, desprendida de las configuraciones específicas previas. Cabe aclarar que, si bien se ejemplifica con un tema de Mecánica lagrangiana, el método es aplicable de forma general, adecuándola a la materia y tema correspondientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Coronary artery disease and mental health disorders are often coexistent. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are often used in this context but have been associated with an increased risk of bleeding due to platelet dysfunction. Previous studies have assessed this risk in patients treated with clopidogrel-based dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with contradictory results. However, there is no data regarding the use of SSRIs and potent P2Y12 inhibitors or triple antithrombotic therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of SSRIs on bleeding outcomes after PCI in patients treated with clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor-based DAPT or triple antithrombotic therapy. Methods: Retrospective study including all patients undergoing PCI at a high-volume center during 2018. Patients on SSRIs were propensity-score-matched on a 1:1 ratio with patients naive to SSRIs adjusting for the baseline differences. The primary endpoint was major bleeding (BARC type 3 or 5 bleeding) at the 1-year follow-up. Secondary endpoints were a composite of major/non-major clinically relevant bleeding (BARC type 2, 3 or 5 bleeding), and a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events. Results: Out of a total of 1063 patients treated with PCI during the study period, 1002 met the selection criteria, and 139 (13.9%) were on SSRIs. The latter had a higher bleeding risk before matching [PRECISE-DAPT, 16 [10-24] vs 13 [9-21]; P = .040]. No differences were reported in major bleeding (2.9% vs 2.9%, P = .991), major/non-major clinically relevant bleeding (2.9% vs 7.2%, P = .120) or in major adverse cardiovascular events (7.9% vs 7.9%, P = .979) in patients treated with SSRIs. Conclusions: The use of SSRIs was frequent in patients treated with PCI, and although it was a marker of a higher bleeding risk at baseline, this was not associated with an additional bleeding liability.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: La cardiopatía isquémica y la enfermedad mental coexisten a menudo. Los inhibidores selectivos de la recaptación de serotonina (ISRS) se utilizan con frecuencia en este contexto, pero se han asociado con un incremento en el riesgo hemorrágico. Los estudios previos han evaluado este fenómeno en pacientes tratados con clopidogrel, con resultados contradictorios. No hay datos sobre el uso de ISRS e inhibidores del P2Y12 potentes o triple terapia antitrombótica. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar el impacto de los ISRS en los eventos hemorrágicos en pacientes tratados con doble (incluyendo clopidogrel, prasugrel o ticagrelor) o triple terapia antitrombótica tras una intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP). Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes tratados con ICP en un centro de alto volumen durante 2018. Los pacientes en tratamiento con ISRS fueron emparejados mediante puntaje de propensión con pacientes sin ISRS. El objetivo primario fue el sangrado mayor al año de seguimiento (BARC 3 o 5). Los objetivos secundarios fueron un combinado de sangrado mayor o menor clínicamente relevante (BARC 2, 3 o 5) y un combinado de eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores. Resultados: De los 1.063 pacientes tratados con ICP durante el periodo del estudio, 1.002 cumplieron los criterios de selección y 139 (13,9%) recibían ISRS. Los pacientes con ISRS tenían un mayor riesgo de sangrado antes del emparejamiento (PRECISE-DAPT: 16 [10-24] frente a 13 [9-21]; p = 0,040). No hubo diferencias en el objetivo primario (2,9% frente a 2,9%; p = 0,991) ni en los objetivos secundarios de sangrado mayor o menor clínicamente relevante (2,9 frente a 7,2%; p = 0,120) y eventos cardiovasculares adversos mayores (7,9 frente a 7,9%; p = 0,979). Conclusiones: El uso de ISRS fue frecuente en los pacientes tratados con ICP, y aunque fue un marcador de riesgo hemorrágico basal, no se asoció con un mayor riesgo de sangrado en el seguimiento.

Animal motion and flocking are ubiquitous nonequilibrium phenomena that are often studied within active matter. In examples such as insect swarms, macroscopic quantities exhibit power laws with measurable critical exponents and ideas from phase transitions and statistical mechanics have been explored to explain them. The widely used Vicsek model with periodic boundary conditions has an ordering phase transition but the corresponding homogeneous ordered or disordered phases are different from observations of natural swarms. If a harmonic potential (instead of a periodic box) is used to confine particles, then the numerical simulations of the Vicsek model display periodic, quasiperiodic, and chaotic attractors. The latter are scale-free on critical curves that produce power laws and critical exponents. Here, we investigate the scale-free chaos phase transition in two space dimensions. We show that the shape of the chaotic swarm on the critical curve reflects the split between the core and the vapor of insects observed in midge swarms and that the dynamic correlation function collapses only for a finite interval of small scaled times. We explain the algorithms used to calculate the largest Lyapunov exponents, the static and dynamic critical exponents, and compare them to those of the three-dimensional model.

BackgroundPatients with sleep apnea (SA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) are at higher risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) than the general population. Our objectives were: to evaluate the role of CAD and SA in determining AF risk through cluster and survival analysis, and to develop a risk model for predicting AF.MethodsElectronic medical record (EMR) database from 22,302 individuals including 10,202 individuals with AF, CAD, and SA, and 12,100 individuals without these diseases were analyzed using K-means clustering technique; k-nearest neighbor (kNN) algorithm and survival analysis. Age, sex, and diseases developed for each individual during 9 years were used for cluster and survival analysis.ResultsThe risk models for AF, CAD, and SA were identified with high accuracy and sensitivity (0.98). Cluster analysis showed that CAD and high blood pressure (HBP) are the most prevalent diseases in the AF group, HBP is the most prevalent disease in CAD; and HBP and CAD are the most prevalent diseases in the SA group. Survival analysis demonstrated that individuals with HBP, CAD, and SA had a 1.5-fold increased risk of developing AF [hazard ratio (HR): 1.49, 95% CI: 1.18–1.87, p = 0.0041; HR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.09–1.96, p = 0.01; HR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.22–1.94, p = 0.0039, respectively] and individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) developed AF approximately 50% earlier than patients without these comorbidities in a period of 7 years (HR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.46–7.73, p = 0.0023). Comorbidities that contributed to develop AF earlier in females compared to males in the group of 50–64 years were HBP (HR: 3.75 95% CI: 1.08–13, p = 0.04) CAD and SA in the group of 60–75 years were (HR: 2.4 95% CI: 1.18–4.86, p = 0.02; HR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.14–5.52, p = 0.02, respectively).ConclusionMachine learning based algorithms demonstrated that CAD, SA, HBP, and CKD are significant risk factors for developing AF in a Latin–American population.

Abstract To analyze the effectiveness of dexamethasone in preventing upper airway obstruction (UAO) symptoms after extubation and the need of reintubation in critically ill children. Multicenter, prospective, double-blind, randomized, phase IV clinical trial involving five pediatric intensive care units. Children between 1 month and 16 years-of-age intubated for more than 48 h were included. Patients were randomized to receive placebo or dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg every 6 h, 6-to-12 h prior to extubation (four doses). 48 h follow-up was carried out after extubation. Severity of UAO symptoms (Taussig score, stridor) and reintubation requirement were compared. 147 patients were randomized (10 were excluded), 70 patients received dexamethasone and 67 placebo. No global differences were found in the presence of stridor or moderate-to-severe UAO symptoms (Taussig ≥ 5), but Taussig ≥ 5 was less frequent in patients less than 2 years-of-age treated with steroids (p = 0.014). Median Taussig score was lower in the dexamethasone group 1 h after extubation, p 5 days, reintubation due to UAO was higher in the placebo group (2.4% vs. 14.3, p = 0.052). Nebulized epinephrine and budesonide were required more frequently in the placebo group in the first 2 h (p = 0.041) and 1 h (p = 0.02) after extubation, respectively. No relevant side effects were observed. Dexamethasone prior to extubation did not significantly reduce moderate-severe UAO symptoms, except for patients under 2-years of age. Dexamethasone could decrease Taussig score and the need of rescue therapies, as well as reintubation rates in those intubated for more than 5 days.

Introducción: el dengue es considerada una de las enfermedades más devastadoras a nivel mundial con un 40 % de la población viviendo en zonas de transmisión y de las más relacionadas con el clima. Objetivo: determinar la incidencia de la variabilidad climática sobre la infestación por mosquito Aedes aegypti y la aparición del dengue en provincia Guantánamo en el periodo 2017-2019. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva longitudinal, retrospectiva, donde el universo estuvo conformado por 9 municipios y 10 221 casos sospechosos de dengue. Se estudiaron las variables: infestación en depósitos por mosquitos Aedes aegypti según temporada climática, tasa de riesgo de arbovirosis según estratos, casos de dengue, temperatura y precipitación. Los datos fueron obtenidos de los registros meteorológicos mensuales y del departamento de Estadística del Centro Provincial de Higiene, Epidemiología y Microbiología. Se utilizaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas, la media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Resultados: la temperatura media anual varió 1 °C, los valores medios de humedad relativa y precipitación disminuyeron e impactaron en todos los estratos. La infestación ascendió con la mayor tasa de riesgo de dengue en el estrato de clima tropical de sabana, razón de tasa 0,63 (IC 95 %: 0,59-0,67) P=0,000. La temperatura y precipitación guardaron la mayor relación de asociación lineal con infestación y tasa de riesgo de dengue con coeficiente de correlación lineal R2=0,9 y R2=0,8. Conclusiones: la variabilidad climática ejerce efectos favorecedores sobre la infestación por Aedes aegypti y la transmisión de dengue durante la temporada climática húmeda, con correlación significativa en todos los estratos.

BackgroundAlthough osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children, its location in the axial skeleton is rare, particularly at the cervical spine. Early diagnosis, together with multidisciplinary management, improves survival rates. Safe resection and stable reconstruction are complicated by the particular anatomy of the cervical spine, which raises the risks.Case PresentationA 12-year-old male patient presented with cervical pain for several months and a recent weight loss of 3 kg. The complementary workup revealed a large destructive bone lesion in C7 with vertebral body collapse, subluxation, partial involvement of C6 and T1, large associated anteroposterior soft tissue components, and spinal canal narrowing. A biopsy suggested giant cell-rich osteosarcoma (GCRO). After 10 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection was performed through a double approach: anterior, for tumoral mass resection from C6-7 vertebral bodies and reconstruction placing a mesh cage filled with iliac crest allograft plus anterior plate fixation; and posterior, for C7 complete and C6 partial posterior arch resection, thus completing a total piecemeal spondylectomy preserving the dura intact, added to a C5-T3 posterior fusion with screws and transitional rods. Postoperative chemo and radiotherapy were administered. Clinical and radiological follow-up showed disease-free survival and no neurological involvement at 3 years.ConclusionAn extensive review of the literature did not find any published cases of GCRO of the cervical spine in pediatric patients. This can be explained by the combination of three peculiar conditions: its location at the cervical spine region, the young age, and the GCRO variant.

In terms of manned aircraft, pilots usually detect icing conditions by visual cues or by means of ice detector systems. If one of these cues is seen by the crew or systems detect icing conditions, they have to apply the evasive procedure as defined within the aircraft flight manual (AFM). However, as regards unmanned aircraft, there are not pilots on board and, consequently, nobody can act immediately when icing conditions occur. This article aims to propose new techniques of sending information to ground which make possible to know the aircraft performance correctly in icing conditions. For this goal, three contributions have been developed for the unmanned aircraft Milano. Since icing conditions are characterized quantitatively by the droplet size, the liquid water content, and the total air temperature, when these parameters are between certain limits ice formation on aircraft may occur. As a result of these contributions, in that moment, high-quality images of the wing leading edge, tail leading edge and meteorological probes will be captured and sent to ground making possible that remote pilots or artificial intelligent (AI) systems can follow the appropriate procedures, avoid encounters with severe icing conditions and perform real-time decision making. What is more, as information security is becoming an inseparable part of data communication, it is proposed how to embed relevant information within an image. Among the improvements included are image compression techniques and steganography methods.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: Los pacientes con lesiones coronarias largas, secuenciales o difusas tratadas percutáneamente continúan presentando un riesgo alto de eventos cardiovasculares a pesar de la mejoría de la seguridad y de la eficacia de los nuevos stents liberadores de fármacos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la utilidad del software SyncVision /iFR (SyncVision versión 4.1.0.5, Philips Volcano, Bélgica) para guiar la revascularización en este tipo de lesiones. Métodos: Estudio aleatorizado, multicéntrico, controlado y abierto para comparar la revascularización guiada por SyncVision /iFR respecto a la revascularización guiada por angiografía en pacientes con lesiones coronarias largas, secuenciales o difusas (identificador de ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04283734). Se incluirá a 100 pacientes (aleatorización 1:1 no estratificada). El objetivo primario es la longitud total del stent implantado. Como objetivo secundario se ha establecido un combinado de muerte cardiaca, infarto de miocardio, trombosis definitiva o probable del stent, nueva revascularización de la lesión tratada en el procedimiento basal o nueva revascularización de la lesión analizada en el procedimiento basal, y la presencia de isquemia residual evaluada por tomografía computarizada por emisión de fotón simple a los 6 meses de seguimiento. El tiempo de seguimiento será de 12 meses tras el procedimiento índice. Resultados: El estudio se encuentra actualmente en fase de reclutamiento, con los primeros 7 pacientes ya incluidos. Esperamos completar el reclutamiento en febrero de 2021 y el seguimiento en febrero de 2022. Conclusiones: El estudio iLARDI es el primer estudio aleatorizado para la evaluación de la potencial utilidad de la revascularización guiada por Syncvision en lesiones coronarias largas, secuenciales y difusas.

RESUMEN Introducción y objetivos: El propósito del estudio fue describir nuestra experiencia con el uso del índice diastólico instantáneo sin ondas (iFR) para la evaluación fisiológica coronaria o el uso del software Syncvision/iFR (Syncvision versión 4.1.0.5, Philips Volcano, Bélgica) en todo tipo de pacientes. Métodos: Se incluyeron todos los pacientes consecutivos a quienes, entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2019, se realizó en nuestro centro una evaluación fisiológica coronaria con iFR o con Syncvision/iFR. El valor de corte establecido para el iFR fue 0,89. El objetivo primario fue un compuesto de muerte cardiaca, infarto de miocardio, trombosis de stent probable o definitiva y nueva revascularización de la lesión evaluada. Resultados: Se incluyeron 277 pacientes con 433 lesiones evaluadas. La edad media fue de 65 ± 10 años y el 74% eran varones. El 41% tenía antecedente de diabetes mellitus. La presentación clínica fue angina estable en 160 pacientes (58%) y síndrome coronario agudo en 117 pacientes (42%). Se obtuvo un iFR > 0,89 en 266 lesiones (61,4%), en las cuales la intervención coronaria percutánea fue diferida. Las lesiones restantes se revascularizaron. El software Syncvision/iFR se usó en 155 lesiones (36%) para guiar la toma de decisiones, principalmente lesiones largas, difusas o secuenciales (91 lesiones, 58,7%) y lesiones intermedias (52 lesiones, 33,5%). Tras un periodo de seguimiento de 18 meses, el objetivo primario se observó en 17 pacientes (6,1%), sin diferencias en función del iFR basal (≤ 0,89 o > 0,89) (4,2 frente a 3,8%; p = 0,9) ni de la presentación clínica (angina estable o síndrome coronario agudo) (4,4 frente a 8,5%; p = 0,1). Conclusiones: La evaluación fisiológica coronaria con iFR y el software Syncvision/iFR en la práctica diaria y en todo tipo de pacientes parece ser segura, con un bajo porcentaje de eventos cardiacos adversos mayores a medio plazo.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: The objective of this study was to describe our experience with coronary physiology assessment using the instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) and/or a Syncvision-guided iFR-pullback study [Syncvision version 4.1.0.5, Philips Volcano, Belgium] in all-comer patients. Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing coronary physiology assessment with the iFR (and/or a Syncvision-guided iFR-pullback study) at our center between January 2017 and December 2019 were included. The iFR cut-off value was 0.89. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, probable or definitive stent thrombosis, and target lesion revascularization. Results: A total of 277 patients with 433 lesions evaluated were included. The mean age was 65 ± 10 years and 74% were men. Personal history of diabetes mellitus was present in 41% of patients. Clinical presentation was stable angina in 160 patients (58%), and acute coronary syndrome in 117 patients (42%). iFRs > 0.89 were obtained in 266 lesions (61.4%) on which the PCI was postponed. The remaining lesions were revascularized. The Syncvision software was used to guide the iFR-pullback study in 155 lesions (36%) and the decision-making process, mainly in long, diffuse or sequential lesions (91 lesions, 58.7%), and intermediate lesions (52 lesions, 33.5%). After a median follow-up of 18 months, the primary endpoint occurred in 17 patients (6.1%) without differences regarding the baseline iFR (≤ 0.89 or > 0.89) (4.2% vs 3.8%; P = .9) or the clinical presentation (stable angina or acute coronary syndrome) (4.4% vs 8.5%; P = .1) Conclusions: The use of coronary physiology assessment with the iFR and the Syncvision-guided iFR-pullback study in the routine daily practice and in all-comer patients seems safe with a low percentage of major adverse cardiovascular events at the mid-term follow-up.

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: patients with long, sequential and diffuse coronary lesions who undergo a percutaneous coronary intervention remain at a high risk of suffering cardiovascular events despite the improved safety and efficacy of the new drug-eluting stents. The objective of this study was to analyze the utility of SyncVision/iFR-guided revascularization (SyncVision version 4.1.0.5, Philips Volcano, Belgium) in this type of lesions. Methods: Randomized, multicenter, controlled, and open-label trial designed to compare SyncVision/iFR-guided and angiography-guided revascularizations in patients with long, sequential or diffuse significant angiographic coronary stenosis (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04283734). A total of 100 patients will be randomized (1:1, no stratification). The primary endpoint is the average length of the stent implanted. The secondary endpoint is a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, definitive or probable stent thrombosis, new target lesion revascularization or new target lesion failure; and the presence of residual ischemia as seen on single-photon emission computed tomography at the 6-month follow-up. Patients will be followed for 12 months after the procedure. Results: The trial is currently in the recruitment phase, and it has already recruited the first 7 patients. We expect to complete the recruitment phase by February 2021 and the follow-up by February 2022. Conclusions: The iLARDI study is the first randomized trial to assess the potential utility of SyncVision-guided revascularization in long, sequential and diffuse coronary lesions.

Abstract To compare the effect on the recovery of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) of early endotracheal intubation (ETI) versus bag-mask ventilation (BMV), and expiratory real-time tidal volume (VTe) feedback (TVF) ventilation versus without feedback or standard ventilation (SV) in a pediatric animal model of asphyxial cardiac arrest. Piglets were randomized into five groups: 1: ETI and TVF ventilation (10 ml/kg); 2: ETI and TVF (7 ml/kg); 3: ETI and SV; 4: BMV and TVF (10 ml/kg) and 5: BMV and SV. Thirty breaths-per-minute guided by metronome were given. ROSC, pCO2, pO2, EtCO2 and VTe were compared among groups. Seventy-nine piglets (11.3 ± 1.2 kg) were included. Twenty-six (32.9%) achieved ROSC. Survival was non-significantly higher in ETI (40.4%) than BMV groups (21.9%), p = 0.08. No differences in ROSC were found between TVF and SV groups (30.0% versus 34.7%, p = 0.67). ETI groups presented lower pCO2, and higher pO2, EtCO2 and VTe than BMV groups (p

Durante el año 2019 se realizó un trabajo de transferencia cultural dentro de la Universidad de Murcia en el ámbito de la Región de Murcia. El objetivo de dicho trabajo fue generar un banco de datos con modelos digitales de piezas de museos orientado a la documentación tridimensional y exposición virtual de estas. Para la realización de este se ha aplicado la tecnología fotogramétrica, de bajo coste en dinero, recursos humanos y tiempo para los miembros involucrados. Los resultados del proyecto han permitido poner de manifiesto la capacidad de las instituciones para realizar alternativas de divulgación cultural, entre las cuales se encuentran las exposiciones mediante salas digitales, las réplicas 3D, la creación de reproducciones de bajo coste, así como la adaptación para aquellas personas cuyas cualidades cognitivas lo requieran, caso de los T.E.A. Este proyecto ha servido para despertar un debate en el ámbito museístico local y la rama profesional de la Historia y Arqueología sobre la posibilidad de ampliar el abanico de medidas para la protección y divulgación del patrimonio en el siglo XXI.

La enseñanza, en pandemia, se ha modificado y los procesos a distancia han tomado un lugar importante. Este trabajo describe que estrategias se generaron para conseguir un aprendizaje con resultados apropiados, bajo estas condiciones. Se relatan diversas experiencias y un grupo de propuestas para estudiantes de la carrera de ingeniería mecánica, de dos asignaturas optativas (Ingeniería de Superficies, Temas Selectos de Materiales), en enseñanza a distancia. Se describen los recursos utilizados, las formas de evaluación empleadas y se presentan evidencias del aprendizaje alcanzado. Con ello, se consiguió una participación creciente de los alumnos y un adecuado nivel de aprendizaje. El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir a la labor docente de profesores en la enseñanza de Materiales, en educación a distancia, compartiendo las alternativas descritas y usadas en estas dos asignaturas, lo cual, en alguna medida, puede trasladarse a otras y realizar una reflexión sobre sus virtudes y limitaciones.

A lo largo de un siglo, la corriente eléctrica transversal, sin disipación de energía, que genera el efecto Hall continúan desempeñando un papel central en la investigación de materia condensada por su intrigante naturaleza cuántica relativista y topológica. El efecto Hall anómalo requiere la ruptura espontanea de la simetría de reversi´ón temporal, lo cual es atribuido al ordenamiento magnético de los espines dentro del material cristalino (como es el caso del hierro). Recientemente, se identificó la presencia del efecto Hall anómalo, llamado efecto Hall cristalino, en ciertos materiales antiferromagnéticos no convencionales, donde la ruptura de simetría de inversión temporal es causada por la disposición de los átomos magnéticos en estructura cristalina antiferromagnética. En el presente trabajo se estudia el efecto Hall cristalino en el fluoruro de níquel (NiF2) por medio de un análisis de simetría y cálculos de primeros principios. Se encuentra que la conductividad Hall anómala para el NiF2 podría alcanzar valores cercanos a 700 S/cm. Esta respuesta Hall se obtiene para el eje fácil de magnetización del material; esto no se presenta en otros cristales tipo rutilo estudiados recientemente donde el vector antiferromagnético tiene que reorientarse aplicando un campo externo. Además, se muestra el origen en el espacio reciproco de la conductividad Hall anómala y la manera en que se puede controlar mediante la rotación del vector de N´éel, el cual da cuenta del ordenamiento antiferromagnético del material. Nuestros resultados indican que el NiF2 podría ser un elemento clave en el diseño de futuros dispositivos espintronicos basados en materiales antiferromagnéticos no convencionales.

Resumen: Introducción: El uso de la ecografía ha demostrado mejorar los resultados de la canalización venosa central. Sin embargo, sus beneficios en la canalización arterial en niños no han sido claramente establecidos. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el uso de la ecografía en la canalización arterial en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP). Métodos: Estudio prospectivo multicéntrico en 18 UCIP en España durante un periodo de 6 meses. Se compararon los resultados de la canalización arterial ecoguiada (ECO) con la técnica tradicional basada en referencias anatómicas (REF) en cuanto a la tasa de éxito y las complicaciones inmediatas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 161 procedimientos en 128 pacientes (78 procedimientos en el grupo ECO y 83 en el grupo REF). La mediana (rango intercuartil) de edad y peso de los pacientes fueron 11 meses (2-52) y 10 kg (4-17), respectivamente; el 59,6% eran varones. La ecografía se utilizó preferentemente en las UCIP de mayor tamaño (número de camas 11 [8-16] vs 6 [4-10], p

Introduction: Ultrasound (US) guidance increases the success rate and decreases complications during central venous catheterisation (CVC). The benefits of US guidance in arterial catheterisation are less clear. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of US-guided arterial catheterisation with the traditional landmark (LM) technique in critically ill children. Methods: A prospective multicentre study was carried out in 18 Paediatric Intensive Care units in Spain during a 6-months period. Ultrasound guided and landmark techniques were compared in terms of cannulation technical success and immediate mechanical complications. Results: A total of 161 procedures were performed on 128 patients (78 procedures in the US group and 83 in the LM groups).. The median (interquartile range) age and weight of the cohort was 11 months (2–52), and 10 kg (4–17) respectively. More than half (59.6%) were male. US was used mainly in high-volume-high-complexity hospitals (cardiac surgery program 76.9% vs. 25.6%, P

Abstract During the last decades, the number of patients with long stay admissions (LSA) in PICU has increased. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with PICU LSA, assessing healthcare resources use and changes in the profile of these patients. A retrospective, observational, single-center study was carried out. Characteristics of LSA were compared between two periods (2006–2010 and 2011–2015). During the earlier period there were 2,118 admissions (3.9% of them LSA), whereas during the second period, there were 1,763 (5.4% of them LSA) (p = 0.025). LSA accounted for 33.7% PICU stay days during the first period and 46.7% during the second (p

A prospective cohort study was conducted to measure the concentration levels of three primary phthalate metabolites (MBP, MEHP, MEP) during pregnancy in a group of women from the State of Mexico. The urinary concentration levels of the three phthalate primary metabolites were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry during the first, second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The geometric mean and 95 % CI for MBP was 20.38 μg/mL (15.35–27.09); for MEHP 13.43 μg/mL (8.93–20.20), and MEP 52.47 μg/mL (39.88–69.04) adjusted to one g of creatinine. No significant trends were observed among the studied metabolites during the pregnancy period. MBP was higher in less educated women, while women who resided in industrialized zones showed higher levels of MEHP and MEP than women from non-industrialized zones. Consumption of plastic bottled beverages was associated with MBP and MEHP phthalate exposure. Women who used non-registered brands of plastic food containers for storage or for microwave oven use showed the highest levels of MBP and MEP phthalates. The pregnant women in our study were exposed to the three studied primary phthalate metabolites, and this could present a risk to their newborns. To better integrate public health policies, major exploration of potential exposure sources and effects at the regional level is required.

Phthalates affect development of male reproductive system acting as an antiandrogenic agents. We sought to explore if perinatal exposure to phthalates could alter male hormone levels in humans during the first months of life. A cohort of 83 pregnant women and their male infants were studied. Five phthalate metabolites were measured in the mother’s urine during the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy and during the first, third, and sixth months of life in the infants. Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and inhibin B were analyzed. Association between phthalate exposure and hormone variation was assessed using regression models for longitudinal data. Mono-butyl phthalate reduced FSH concentration (ß = –0.0012 international units [IU]/L, p < 0.01), mono-ethylhexyl phthalate reduced inhibin B (ß = –0.0094 pg/mL, p = 0.02), monoethyl phthalate reduced testosterone (ß = –0.0071 ng/L, p = 0.07), mono-ocytl phthalate reduced LH (ß = –0.0041 IU/L, p = 0.13). No effects were observed for exposure to mono-methyl phthalate. Our results are consistent with the findings in animal and human studies. Special precaution should be taken when measuring phthalate exposure in susceptible populations such as pregnant women and infants.