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Forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica Mill) is an important forage resource in the Northeast region of Brazil due to its adaptation to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, mainly to the drought periods. The objective of this work was to assess the effects of diets with forage cactus combined with different sources of fibers on dry matter and water intakes, digestibility, microbial protein production, balance of nitrogen compounds, and performance of Red Sindhi cows in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The silages used were prepared from plants of Atriplex nummularia Lindi., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp., and Manihot pseudoglaziovii Pax & K. Hoffm. They were included in forage cactus-based diets at a roughage to concentrate ratio of 58:42. The cows were distributed in a 4×4 double Latin square design with 12 days for each period. Water intake presented differences (p

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Impedance network inverters (INIs) have emerged as an alternative to improve traditional inverters, allowing their operation as a buck-boost-type converter, through the utilization of the “shoot-through” conduction state, where switches of one or more inverter legs are gated on simultaneously. Recently introduced, the quasi-Y-source inverter (QYSI) is a INI with magnetic coupling, which has particular operational advantages, specially for renewable sources and distributed generation. To control the QYSI, there are several techniques based on sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), which are modified to allow the shoot-through state. This work aims to present, through theoretical, simulations and experimental results, a comparative analysis of three SPWM techniques applied in three-phase QYSI, considering a fixed inverter gain factor and a three-phase/three-wire wye-connected R load to the inverter output after a LC filter. The following modulation techniques were compared: simple boost control (SBC), maximum boost control with third harmonic injection (MBC3h) and maximum constant boost control with third harmonic injection (MCBC3h). A comparative analysis was performed showing several relationships among voltage gain, switch voltage stress, shoot-through duty ratio and converter design, for the different SPWM techniques. It is shown the advantages and disadvantages of each SPWM technique applied to QYSI, and merit indexes are indicated in order to help to establish proper criteria for choosing among SPWM techniques for three-phase/three-wire power system applications. São Paulo State University (UNESP) São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: #2016/08645-9 FAPESP: #2018/243310 CNPq: #313710/2019-8

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T08:44:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-09-01 This paper presents a detailed design methodology for a DC-DC converter based on the recent Quasi-Y Source impedance network, which has interesting characteristics for applications related to renewable energy sources. Despite the advantages of this particular impedance network, there is a lack in the current literature, of details regarding the design of the diode and coupled inductors, and a description of its leakage inductance impact on the performance of the Quasi-Y-Source based converter. Therefore, this work presents design guidelines for the coupled inductors including core material choice criteria and optimization of windings combinations. Several analyses are conducted, through computational simulation, with respect to voltage stresses on the converter switches. The simulations results are compared with experimental implementation considering different voltage gain B operational scenarios. The obtained results shows that the proposed approach is useful to design: (a) Quasi-Y Source DC-DC converter components; (b) Evaluate the best coupled inductors configuration; (c) Implement closed loop controllers and snubbers circuits. A discussion evaluating the converter characteristics is made, exploring possible solutions to problems related to real operation scenarios. Group of Automation and Integrated Systems Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) Group of Automation and Integrated Systems Sao Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:47:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 DSM Nutritional Products S.A. (Sao Paulo, Brazil) The effect of exogenous amylase on the in vitro rumen digestion kinetics of whole-crop maize silage made from dent (RB9004) or flint grain type (RB9308) was evaluated at different phenological stages: soft dough (SOD), early dent (EAD), 1/2 milkline (1/2M) and 3/4 milkline (3/4M). Forage was harvested from 70 to 110 days after sowing. Two rumen-cannulated cows receiving or not exogenous amylase (0.7 g/kg dry matter-DM, provided to achieve 396 kilo Novo units of amylase activity/kg of TMR DM) were used as donor of ruminal fluid. The in vitro gas production kinetics was evaluated according to a dual-pool logistic model. The chemical composition and gas production kinetics were affected by the hybrid and phenological stages. The flint hybrid had lower range for chemical analysis among physiological stages. Harvesting at 1/2M and 3/4M improved DM content, bromatological composition and silage quality parameters compared to dent or flint types. Amylase (i) increased methane (CH4) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) in 1/2M stage, (ii) improved digestion kinetics by reducing lag time and increasing total gas production and fermentation rates of non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) and fibrous carbohydrates (FC), and (iii) increased extent and fermentation rate of NFC and increased fermentation rate of FC fraction in whole-crop maize silages produced from dent or flint types in all phenological stages. Harvesting between 1/2M and 3/4M is the best phenological stage to improve chemical composition and silage quality parameters. Exogenous amylase showed improvements on fibre digestion of silages at 1/2M and 3/4M phenological stages in both grain types of corn. Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Anim Prod, Botucatu, SP, Brazil Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Anim Nutr & Precis Dairy Farming, Juiz De Fora, MG, Brazil Univ Estadual Sudoeste Bahia, Dept Rural & Anim Technol, Itapetinga, Brazil DSM Nutr Prod SA, Sao Paulo, Brazil Embrapa Semiarid, Forage Crops & Anim Nutr, Petrolina, Brazil Univ Fed Sul & Sudeste Para, Inst Studies Humid Trop, Xinguara, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Dept Agr Sci, Sao Joao Del Rei, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Dept Anim Prod, Botucatu, SP, Brazil

In the near future, ruminants may be forced to consume low-quality water since potable drinking water will become increasingly scarce in some regions of the world. A completely randomized design trial was completed to evaluate the effect of increasing concentrations of total dissolved salts (TDS) (640, 3187, 5740 and 8326 mg TDS/l) in drinking water on the performance, diet digestibility, microbial protein synthesis, nitrogen (N) and water balance using 24 Red Sindhi heifers (200 ± 5 kg) that were fed Buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris) grass hay and concentrate in a ratio of 50 : 50. After a 15-day diet adaptation period, the digestion study was completed over a 5-day period and the performance trial was completed over a 56-day period. Dry matter intake, average daily gain, feed:gain, intake and digestibility of most feed components were unaffected by the concentration of salt in the water. However, intake and digestibility of neutral detergent fibre declined linearly as TDS inclusion rate increased. Further, the inclusion of TDS resulted in a linear increase in the intake of drinking water and total (food plus drinking) water intake. Similarly, TDS inclusion levels resulted in a linear increase in total water excretion, with urine being the major route of water excretion. In contrast, increasing concentrations of TDS caused a linear decrease in creatinine and allantoin excretions. Finally, increasing the inclusion rate of TDS resulted in a linear decrease in N retention and a linear increase in urinary N excretion, which may pose a considerable challenge for farmers with respect to the reduction and management of nutrient losses. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-19T19:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effet.pdf: 130534 bytes, checksum: e5a99967a176bac9d1b7ff803c1fb847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-19

A leishmaniose visceral no Brasil é causada por um protozoário, comumente o Leishmania infantum, a transmissão ocorre por repasto sanguíneo das fêmeas do inseto vetor, o flebotomíneo. Esta doença é de relevante impacto para a saúde pública, os cães são considerados reservatórios e sinalizadores da existência de flebotomíneos infectados. Assim, objetivou-se diagnosticar a leishmaniose visceral em cães do sertão sergipano e avaliar a percepção dos tutores de cães e gatos com relação a esta doença. Foi executado um estudo epidemiológico do tipo analítico, observacional e transversal. Sendo realizado o diagnóstico da leishmaniose visceral de cães atendidos no ambulatório do Campus Sertão da Universidade Federal de Sergipe e entrevistas aos tutores de cães e gatos na campanha de vacinação antirrábica de 2020, no município de Nossa senhora da Glória, Sergipe. Em relação ao diagnóstico, 3,33% dos cães testados foram reagentes. Foram entrevistados tutores do gênero feminino (71%), idade entre 26 a 49 anos (52%), 29% concluíram o ensino médio e 45% com renda familiar abaixo de 1 salário mínimo. Dos entrevistados que afirmaram conhecer a doença, 23% conheceram através de profissionais da saúde e 56% afirmaram que a leishmaniose visceral é uma zoonose, porém, desconhecem a transmissão e prevenção. Diante dos dados obtidos, percebe-se que grande parte da população não conhece informações básicas sobre a leishmaniose visceral, sendo necessárias ações de educação em saúde.

Forage cactus is an important dry-season feed source for livestock in semi-arid regions, but in north-eastern Brazil, its contribution is limited by susceptibility to the carmine cochineal [Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell)] insect. New cactus germplasm shows superior agronomic performance, but the nutritive value of this material has not been adequately described. The objective of the current study was to assess the divergence in chemical composition and rate and extent of in vitro degradation of these genotypes. The treatments were 13 spineless cactus genotypes, eight of which were insect resistant types, two semi-resistant and three susceptible to the carmine cochineal. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and were replicated three times. Nutritional divergence was assessed using canonical variate analysis and hierarchical agglomerative clustering, using the variables: crude protein, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, degradation rate and potential dry matter degradation. Five distinct nutritional groups were identified: Group I (OO), Group II (F-13 and F-15), Group III (OEA, OEM, COP, IPA 20 and GG), Group IV (V-16 and F-08) and Group V (Miuda, IS and F-21). Group II (F-13 and F-15; resistant genotypes) showed a chemical composition degradability in vitro suggesting it may have the greatest nutritive value as ruminant feed, while Group I had the least. Spineless cactus genotypes resistant to the carmine cochineal showed nutritional characteristics similar to or better than traditionally used cactus genotypes, such as Gigante and IPA 20, which can expand the range of options for using this forage.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of potential use of brackish water as a source for Sindhi heifers on ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters. Twenty-four Sindhi heifers were distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments and six replications, with levels of total dissolved solids (TDS) of 640, 3200, 5760, and 8320 mg/L. Three 24-hour behavioral tests were performed, which were divided into four observation shifts (00:00 to 06:00; 06:00 to 12:00; 12:00 to 18:00 and 18:00 to 00:00) at the beginning, middle, and end of the experiment. The highest values of black globe temperature humidity index and air temperature were observed at 14:00 h, with values of 92.7 and 34.1 °C, respectively. The different levels of TDS did not promote significant differences (P > 0.05) in the variables feed intake, rumination, idling, feeding efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, rumination efficiency as a function of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber intake, heart rate, rectal and surface temperature, creatinine, and potassium. Among the assessed shifts, feed and water intake showed higher frequencies in the shifts 2 (06-12 h) and 3 (12-18 h) and rumination showed a higher frequency in the shifts 1 (00-06 h) and 4 (18-00 h). The physiological variables presented higher indices during the warmest hours of the day. A linear behavior was observed for the serum sodium level, presenting a average of 134.4 mmol/L. Water containing up to 8,326 mg/L TDS can be used in the watering of Sindhi heifers in short periods in the season of highest water shortage without affecting the ingestive behavior and physiological and serum parameters of the animal. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-01T18:07:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IngestiveBehaviorandPhysiological2019.pdf: 338491 bytes, checksum: c438f8d9d371945cb32fe006fdaa97f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

This paper presents a computational model for studying the energy flow at the integration of a battery bank (BB) to a DC microgrid, through the use of the Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter. The one time constant model was adopted for the battery, with its parameters obtained through exponential regression by the Least Squares method, through its hysteresis curve between terminal voltage and load level percentage. The curve was synthesized by data collected from a LiFeYPO4 reference battery. The DAB converter was controlled by the Phase-Shift modulation technique. The converter power management occurs through a state machine, which defines the conditions of energy flow between the microgrid and the energy storage system. This paper has educational aims for the study of energy flow at the integration of BB into DC microgrids.

A madeira do gênero Eucalyptus ocupa um lugar de destaque em relação a outras fontes de celulose, devido a sua composição química, seu baixo custo, abundância e disponibilidade. Dentre os processos de polpação química, o processo kraft é o mais extensivamente utilizado para produção de polpas celulósicas a partir da madeira de eucalipto. O uso de antraquinona (AQ) na polpação tem como principais finalidades aumentar a taxa de deslignificação, bem como proteger a polpa quanto à degradação dos polissacarídeos. O presente trabalho objetivou utilizar a antraquinona como aditivo no cozimento visando reduzir a carga de sulfidez aplicada no processo sem prejudicar a qualidade da polpa. Os cozimentos kraft e kraft/AQ foram realizados em digestor rotativo laboratorial variando-se inicialmente o álcali ativo (10, 13, 16 e 19%) e, posteriormente, a sulfidez (5, 10, 15, 20 e 25%), mantendo-se as demais condições constantes visando obter polpa com número kappa próximo de 9. A partir da variação do álcali ativo e da sulfidez foram estabelecidas curvas de deslignificação entre álcali ativo e número kappa e, sulfidez e número kappa, de onde foi possível estabelecer as quantidades mínimas necessárias de álcali, bem como de sulfidez. A partir dos cozimentos foi possível estabelecer as cargas de álcali ativo e sulfidez de 17,4% e 8,8%, respectivamente. O cozimento em condições determinadas apresentou rendimento depurado de 48,63%, sendo que o rendimento com base na massa inicial de madeira foi de 42,24%, gerando uma polpa de elevada qualidade, ou seja, com baixo número kappa e teor de hemiceluloses (0,41%) e elevado teor de alfa celulose (98,49%).

Green and dry matter production, along with grain yield and otheragronomic traits, were assessed in 44 sorghum genotypes. Two sets of genotypes were formed based on known plant height, aiming to evaluate green and dry matter production and grain yield, as well as to separate forage and grain sorghum genotypes. The evaluations were performed based on experiments with three replications, being one irrigated (drip system) in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, and the other rainfed, in Nossa Senhora da Glória, state of Sergipe, Brazil. Sowing dates were July 30, 2016, in Nossa Senhora da Glória; July 13, 2017, and October 24, 2018, in Petrolina; with 117 and 128 days from sowing to harvest, respectively. Expressive forage production was observed in genotypes EP-17 and SF-11, which exceeded 120 t ha-1. BRS 506 produced 108 t ha-1, while 13F03(1141572), P-294, P-288, 2502 x 467, BRS Ponta Negra, and SF-15 presented green matter production ranging from 94 to 98.5 t ha-1. Dry matter production was highly correlated with green matter production, and SF-11 had the best performance of 45.5 t ha-1. The observed plant height was more expressive for forage sorghum genotypes, being this trait highly correlated with the green and dry matter. The best grain yield performance reached 13.4 and 10.3 t ha-1, values observed for 9910032 and BRS Ponta Negra, respectively. The results demonstrate the full adaptability of sorghum to the semi-arid environment and the feasibility to produce roughage and grains under irrigation in the Brazilian semi-arid region.

EnglishInfections by Staphyloccocus pseudintermedius in the skin of dogs have been object of studies, since such microorganisms often present multiple resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) strains isolated from dogs with otitis. Swabs from both ears of 52 dogs with otitis (n=104) were included. Bacteria were cultured using Muller-Hinton agar (supplemented with 5% equine blood and incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. All colonies underwent biochemical evaluation for identification of staphylococci. The identity of colonies as SP was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. The antimicrobial susceptibility of SP strains was evaluated by disk diffusion. The presence of the gene mecA was evaluated in all SP isolates by PCR. Forty-four SP strains were isolated from swabs of 31 dogs (31/52, 59.6%). Seventy-five percent of the strains were susceptible to cephalexin and 93.2% to amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid. Less than 23% of the strains were susceptible to penicillin. For non-beta-lactam antimicrobials, 63.6% of the strains showed resistance to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, 61.4% to tetracycline, and 38, 64% to enrofloxacin. Aminoglycoside resistance rate was 27.3% for gentamicin. Resistance to oxacillin in vitro was detected in 13 of the 44 strains (29, 55%). A total of 12 strains (27.3%) were positive for mecA gene and five of these 12 strains were susceptible to in vitro oxacillin. Twenty-six (59, 1%) strains were resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobials, and classified as multi resistant. Our results showed high frequency of SP and multi resistant isolates to antimicrobials commonly used in veterinary. Key words: dogs; MRSP; methicillin-resistant staphylococcus; otitis portuguesInfeccoes por Staphyloccocus pseudintermedius (SP) na pele de caes tem sido objeto de estudos, uma vez que esses microrganismos geralmente apresentam resistencia multipla a antibioticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e avaliar a susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas de SP isoladas de caes com otite. Amostras de ambas orelhas de 52 caes com otite (n=104) foram incluidas. As bacterias foram cultivadas em agar Muller-Hinton suplementado com 5% de sangue equino e incubadas a 37oC por 24 a 48h. Todas as colonias foram submetidas a avaliacao bioquimica para identificacao de estafilococos. A identificacao das colonias como SP foi confirmada pela reacao em cadeia da polimerase. A susceptibilidade antimicrobiana das cepas SP foi avaliada pela tecnica de difusao em disco. A presenca do gene mecA foi avaliada em todos os isolados de SP por PCR. 44 estirpes de SP foram isoladas de 31 caes (31/52, 59,6%). 75% das cepas foram suscetiveis a cefalexina e 93,2% a amoxicilina mais acido clavulânico. Menos de 23% das estirpes eram suscetiveis a penicilina. Para antimicrobianos nao beta-lactâmicos, 63,6% apresentaram resistencia ao sulfametoxazol-trimetoprim, 61,4% a tetraciclina e 38,64% a enrofloxacina. A frequencia de resistencia a aminoglicosideos foi de 27,3% para gentamicina. A resistencia a oxacilina in vitro foi detectada em 13 das 44 estirpes (29,55%). Um total de 12 amostras (27,3%) foram positivas para mecA, cinco das quais foram suscetiveis a oxacilina na difusao em disco. 26 amostras (59,1%) foram resistentes a tres ou mais classes de antimicrobianos e classificadas como multirresistentes. Nossos resultados mostram elevada frequencia de isolados SP e multiresistentes para os antimicrobianos comumente usados em veterinaria. Palavras-chave: caes; MRSP; otite; Staphylococcus resistente a meticilina

RESUMO - Avaliou-se o efeito da substituição do milho por farelo de manga em dietas para ovinos. As características avaliadas foram: consumo e digestibilidade aparente da matéria seca (MS), da proteína bruta (PB), da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), da matéria orgânica (MO), do extrato etéreo (EE), da energia bruta (EB), da energia digestível (ED), dos carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) e dos carboidratos totais (CT). Vinte e quatro cordeiros Santa Inês foram distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos, constituídos pelas porcentagens de substituição do milho pelo farelo de manga - 0, 33, 66 e 100% -, com seis repetições. A matéria seca fecal foi estimada utilizando-se o indicador LIPE®. Não houve efeito da inclusão do farelo de manga sobre o consumo dos nutrientes e nos coeficientes de digestibilidade. Os consumos de EB e ED, em kcal/gMS, aumentaram linearmente com a inclusão do farelo de manga. O farelo de manga pode substituir o milho em dietas para ovinos, sem comprometer o consumo e a digestibilidade dos nutrientes, indicando a possibilidade de uso na dieta desses animais como alimento alternativo. ABSTRACT - The effect of replacing corn meal with mango meal in diets of feedlot lambs was evaluated. Apparent digestibility and intakes of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), organic matter (OM) (EE), gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC) and total carbohydrates (TC) were evaluated. Twenty-four Santa Inês lambs were distributed in a randomized design with four treatments, consisting of the replacement levels of corn meal by mango (0, 33, 66 and 100%) with six replicates. The fecal dry matter was estimated using LIPE ® external marker. There is no effect of mango meal inclusion levels on the intake and apparent digestibility. The intakes of GE and DE in kcal/gDM increase linearly with mango meal inclusion. The mango meal can replace corn in diets for lambs without compromising the intake and digestibility of nutrients, indicating potential as an alternative feed. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-12T13:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Farelo-de-manga-na-dieta-de-cordeiros-em-confinamento.pdf: 149389 bytes, checksum: 965131a74d5be8df7c9af2084b87eb1e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012

Avaliaram-se a composição bromatológica, os nutrientes digestíveis totais (NDT), a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) e a cinética de fermentação ruminal do bulbilho e pseudocaule da planta do sisal e dos coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal (CDS) na forma de silagem, feno e amonização com 5% de ureia e do pó da batedeira das fibras de sisal. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com três repetições. Os valores da matéria seca variaram de 11,4 a 89,7% na silagem e no feno do CDS, respectivamente. O CDS amonizado destacou-se com o maior valor de proteína bruta, 22,7%. Para o pseudocaule e o pó da batedeira, não foram detectadas a presença de extrato etéreo. Os teores de carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF) foram mais altos no pseudocaule, 72,7%, e no bulbilho, 69,5%. Não houve diferença nos valores de DIVMS entre os alimentos avaliados. O pó da batedeira apresentou os maiores valores de NDT. Os teores de fibra em detergente ácido, de CNF e de produção cumulativa de gases do pó da batedeira, bulbilhos e pseudocaule os qualificam como volumosos de baixo teor de fibra e alta digestibilidade. The terms of chemical composition, total digestible nutrient, in vitro dry matter digestibility and in vitro gas production technique of plant components: steam base and braird and sisal co-products: SC (in natura, ammonization, and hay) and beater powder were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. The dry matter values were 11.4% for silage and 89.7% for hay. Sisal co product ammonized with 5% urea present high values of CP, 22.7% and braird, 10.5%. The steam base and beater powder do not present values for ether extract. The steam base and braird present high values for nonfiber carbohydrates, 72.7 and 69.5%, respectively. There were no significant differences for IVDMD. The acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and PCG values of braird, beater powder and steam base characterize as roughages with high fiber digestibility.

Avaliaram-se o desempenho produtivo e o consumo de nutrientes e frações fibrosas em ovinos alimentados com dietas contendo coprodutos do desfibramento do sisal, Agave sisalana. Foram utilizados 24 ovinos, machos, alojados em baias individuais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e seis repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quatro dietas isoproteicas, em que: i) dieta padrão, contendo 38% de volumoso (silagem de milheto) e 62% de concentrado (milho, farelo de soja e ureia); ii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem do sisal em substituição à silagem de milheto; iii) inclusão de 20% da silagem de mucilagem associada ao pó da batedeira como aditivo em substituição à silagem de milheto; iv) inclusão de 20% do feno da mucilagem em substituição à silagem de milheto. O peso corporal final, os ganhos médio diário e total e a conversão alimentar dos ovinos não foram influenciados pelas dietas avaliadas (P>0,05). Os consumos dos nutrientes, em g/dia e em %PC e g/kg0,75, não sofreram influência das dietas. Os resultados indicam que as dietas à base de coprodutos do sisal podem ser utilizadas como alternativa volumosa, além de possibilitar o aumento da rentabilidade da atividade na região semiárida brasileira. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productive performanceand mean daily intake of nutrients in sheep fed diets containing sisal, Agave sisalana, and co-products. Twenty-four male sheep were used in individual stalls. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of four isonitrogenous, in which: i) standard diet containing 38% forage (millet silage) and 62% concentrate (corn, soybean meal and urea), ii) inclusion 20% agave mucilage silage to replace millet silage in the standard diet, iii) inclusion of 20% agave mucilage silage associated with agave powder as additive to replace millet silage in the standard diet, iv) inclusion of 20% agave mucilage hay in substitution of millet silage. The final body weight, average daily gain, the total weight gain and feed conversion of sheep was not affected by the diets tested (P>0.05). Similarly, the intake of nutrients in g/day, % BW and g/kg0,75 were not affected by the diets. The results indicate that the experimental diets based on the agave co-products can be used as alternative roughage in the semiarid region of Brazil, as well as help increase the profitability of cattle ranching in the region.

SUMMARYForage sorghum (FS) (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) is a key feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The present paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, silage quality, intake and digestibility of five new Brazilian sorghum cultivars (BRS Ponta Negra variety, BRS 655 hybrid, BR 601 hybrid, BRS 506 variety and BRS 610 hybrid). Forages were grown (randomized complete block design) in a typical Brazilian north-eastern semi-arid climate, irrigated with 267 mm water, harvested as plants reached the soft dough stage of grain maturity and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês lambs. BRS 506 outperformed the other cultivars in dry matter (DM) and digestible DM yields/ha. BRS 506 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents and the highestin vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the cultivars examined. BRS 655 produced the lowest level of lactic acid and the highest pH and ammonia-N concentration. There was no difference in intake or digestibility of DM among cultivars. Silages produced from BRS Ponta Negra resulted in higher crude protein (CP) intake than BRS 655. Silages made from BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra resulted in a greater digestibility of CP than those produced from BRS 655. Intake of NDF in silages generated from BRS Ponta Negra and BRS 610 was higher than that found in other cultivars. Although an average Brazilian North-eastern FS exhibited similar characteristics to other cultivars grown in dry regions around the world, the results indicated that BRS 506 had a yield advantage and higher nutritive value under Brazilian semi-arid conditions as compared to the other cultivars examined.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade de massa seca e massa verde, altura de inserção da espiga, número de espigas por planta, altura das plantas e a relação espiga, colmo e folha de seis variedades de milho indicadas para a região semiárida brasileira (BR 5033 - Asa Branca, BR 5028 - São Francisco, BRS 4103, BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Assum Preto e Gurutuba), visando à produção de silagem. O experimento foi conduzido nas dependências da Embrapa Semiárido, adotando-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. As variedades Gurutuba e BRS 4103 obtiveram as maiores produtividades de massa verde (38,7 e 40,0 t ha-1). Do mesmo modo, essas duas variedades e a BR 5028 - São Francisco se destacaram pela produção de massa seca (16,0; 16,5 e 15,8 t ha-1, respectivamente). A variedade BRS Caatingueiro apresentou número de espigas planta-1 (1,6) superior ao das demais. Entre os materiais avaliados para produção de silagem na região do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, destacaram-se as cultivares Gurutuba, BR 5028 - São Francisco e BRS 4103. Os resultados obtidos para produção de massa seca (t ha-1) e número de espigas planta-1, assim como a relação espiga, colmo e folha atestam a possibilidade de utilização das variedades avaliadas para a produção de silagem na região semiárida brasileira.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dry and fresh matter yield, height of ear insertion, number of ears per plant, plant height and the ear stem-1 leaf-1 ratio of six maize varieties recommended for the Brazilian semi-arid region (BR 5033 - Asa Branca, BR 5028 - São Francisco, BRS 4103, BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Assum Preto and Gurutuba) aiming at silage production. The experiment was carried out at Embrapa Semi-Arid, in a completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The varieties Gurutuba and BRS 4103 achieved the highest yields of fresh forage (38.7 and 40.0 t ha-1). These two varieties and BR 5028 - São Francisco showed the highest dry matter yield (16.0, 16.5 and 15.8 t ha-1, respectively). However, the variety BRS Caatingueiro presented a higher number of ears per plant (1.6) than those of the other varieties. Among the materials evaluated for silage production in the Submédio São Francisco river Valley, Gurutuba, BR 5028 - São Francisco and BRS 4103 stood out. The results obtained for dry matter production (t ha-1) and number of ears per plant, as well as the ear stem-1 leaf-1 ratio, indicate the possibility of using the evaluated varieties for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid.

EN-US: Frequently, leptospirosis is related to reproductive problems in livestock, such as abortion, increased embryonic mortality and stillbirths. Unfortunately, there are few reports addressing the prevalence of the disease in cattle in the North of Mato Grosso State (MT), Brazil. The aim of the present study was to determine the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in cattle in the municipalities of Nova Guarita and Nova Santa Helena, MT. Nine hundred and eighty blood samples were taken from cows aged ≥24 months from 49 farms slaughtered in Sinop, MT. Microscopic Agglutination Test was used for the detection of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies. The animal prevalence was 17.9% (95% CI = 15.6-20.5%). The prevalence observed in the municipalities Nova Guarita and Nova Santa Helena was 13.4% (95% CI = 12.8-14.1%) and 23.2% (95% CI = 22.0-24.3%), respectively. The herd prevalence was 83.6% (95% CI = 79.4-87.8%). The most frequent serovar was Wolffi (47.7%), followed by Hardjo (16.1%), Hardjo - Bolivia sample (11.0%), Australis (7.4%), Grippotyphosa (4.6%), Pomona (3.4%), Batavie (3.4%), Autumnalis (1.7%), Icterohaemorrhagiae (1.7%), Hebdomadis (1.1%), Hardjo-bovis (1.1%), and Castellonis (0.5%). Infection by Leptospira spp. is endemic in both municipalities, reinforcing the need for new epidemiological studies to subsidize the control of the disease in Mato Grosso. | PT-BR: A leptospirose está frequentemente relacionada a problemas reprodutivos em rebanhos bovinos, como abortamentos, aumento da mortalidade embrionária e nascimento de bezerros fracos. Infelizmente, existem poucos estudos envolvendo a prevalência da enfermidade em bovinos na região norte do Estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a presença de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. em rebanhos bovinos dos municípios de Nova Guarita e Nova Santa Helena, Mato Grosso. No total, 980 amostras de sangue foram coletadas de fêmeas bovinas oriundas de 49 propriedades, todas com idade ≥ 24 a meses abatidas em abatedouro frigorifico localizado no município de Sinop, MT. O teste de Soroaglutinação Microscópica foi utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Leptospira spp. A prevalência animal foi de 17,9 % (95% IC = 15,6?20,5%). A prevalência observada entre os municípios de Nova Guarita e Nova Santa Helena foi de 13,4% (95% IC = 12,8?14,1%) e 23,2% (95% IC = 22,0?24,3%), respectivamente. A prevalência de propriedades foco foi de 83,6% (95% IC = 79,4?87,8%). A sorovariedade mais frequente foi a Wolffi (47,7%), seguido pelas sorovariedades Hardjo (16,1%); Hardjo amostra Bolívia (11,0%); Australis (7,4%); Grippotyphosa (4,6%); Pomona (3,4%); Batavie (3,4%); Autumnalis (1,7%); Icterohaemorrhagiae (1,7%); Hebdomadis (1,1%); Hardjobovis (1,1%) e Castellonis (0,5%). Concluiu-se que a infecção por Leptospira spp. é endêmica nos dois os municípios, reiterando a necessidade de novos estudos epidemiológicos para subsidiar o controle da doença em Mato Grosso. Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-17T00:35:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2019cpamtlucianolopesprevalenceantibodiescowsnovaguaritasantahelenamt.pdf: 218752 bytes, checksum: f70ad369be3761210b8706b51b818caf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

Diante da conjuntura de uma segunda revolução verde, associada com o advento das mudanças climáticas, torna-se imperativo identificar plantas eficientes em relação ao uso da água. Neste contexto, o milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) pode ser uma cultura chave para sistemas agrícolas dependentes de chuva. Desse modo, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho agronômico e parâmetros nutricionais de cultivares de milheto; calibrar e validar um modelo de simulação de desempenho agronômico, visando a sua aplicabilidade em estratégias de manejo; e avaliar a influência da maturidade fisiológica nas características agronômicas, qualidade e parâmetros nutricionais da silagem de milheto. Foram realizados quatro experimentos, distribuídos em três estações experimentais. No Experimento 1, cinco cultivares de milheto foram avaliadas para produção de silagem. A produtividade de biomassa variou de 9,9 a 14,1 t/MS/ha e a produtividade de matéria seca digestível variou de 5,0 a 7,2 t/MS/ha. No Experimento 2, em condições semelhantes ao experimento anterior, observou-se produtividade de matéria seca variando de 7,6 a 11,5 t/MS/ha, enquanto a produtividade de matéria seca digestível variou de 3,7 a 5,6 t/MS/ha. Na análise de agrupamento observou-se a formação de três grupos distintos, com destaque para o grupo composto pelas cultivares CMS-03 e CMS-01. No Experimento 3 também foram avaliados cinco cultivares de milheto,no entanto além das características agronômicas foram observados parâmetros relacionados a qualidade da silagem, consumo e digestibilidade aparente. A produtividade de matéria seca digestível foi de 6,6 t/MS/ha. O cultivar IPA BULK1-BF apresentou o maior percentual de panícula e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca, enquanto a cultivar BRS 1501 apresentou as maiores concentrações de ácido butírico e valores de pH. O consumo e a digestibilidade aparente não foram influenciados pelas cultivares. Na avaliação do modelo de predição, foram utilizados os dados experimentais oriundos dos três ensaios citados anteriormente. Baseandose em dados climáticos dos últimos 15 anos, simularam-se diferentes datas de plantio e avaliou-se o impacto dessa estratégia de manejo no desempenho de quatro cultivares de milheto. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo foi hábil para simular de forma acurada a fenologia e desempenho da cultura, frente aos dados mensurados. Além disso, observou-se que o período ótimo de plantio variou entre as localidades e é dependente de padrõesclimáticos, mas apresentou a mesma tendência entre as cultivares. No Experimento 4, utilizou-se apenas uma cultivar de milheto cortada em diferentes estágios de maturidade. Os resultados mostraram que a produtividade de matéria seca e matéria seca digestível, a concentração de matéria seca, carboidratos e lignina aumentaram com o avanço damaturidade. No entanto, a concentração de proteína bruta, consumo e digestibilidade aparente decresceram. Conclui-se que as cultivares de milheto apresentaram viabilidade para produção de forragem em condições semiáridas. Para o IPA BULK1-BF observou-se maior potencial para produção de silagem com corte após 50 dias de plantio. O modelo CSM-CERES-Pearl Millet pode ser usado como uma ferramenta estratégica na definição de planos de manejo paraa cultura do milheto em condições semiáridas brasileiras. Faced with the second Green Revolution scenario, associated with the advent of climate change, becomes imperative to identify water-use efficient plants. In this context, pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L) R) can play an important role in rainfed agricultural systems. Thus,the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritional parameters of pearl millet cultivars for silage production; calibrate and validate a dynamic crop simulation model, aimed at its application in management strategies; and evaluate the influence of physiologicalmaturity in agronomic traits, quality and nutritional parameters of pearl millet silage. For this, were conducted four trials, distributed in three experimental stations. In Experiment 1, five pearl millet cultivars were evaluated for silage production. The biomass yield ranged from 9.9to 14.1 t/DM/ha, and digestible dry matter yield ranged from 5.0 to 7.2 t/DM/ha. In Experiment 2, under similar conditions of the previous experiment, was observed a dry matter yield ranging from 7.6 to 11.5 t/DM/ha, while the digestible dry matter yield ranged from 3.7 to 5,6 t/DM/ha. In cluster analysis was observed the formation of three distinct groups, with the group formed by CMS-03 and CMS-01 cultivars out-performed the others. In Experiment 3 were also evaluated five cultivars of millet, however beyond agronomic parameters wereobserved quality silage, intake, and digestibility. Digestible dry matter yield had an average value of 6.6 t/DM/ha. The cultivar IPA BULK1-BF had the highest percentage of panicle and in vitro digestibility of dry matter, while the BRS 1501 showed the highest concentrations of butyric acid and pH values. Intake and apparent digestibility were not influenced by cultivars. In assessing the prediction model, the experimental data from the three trials mentioned above were used. Based on long-term historical weather data, were simulated different sowing dates and evaluated the impact of this management strategy in the performance of four pearl millet cultivars. The results showed that the model was able to simulate the phenology and crop performance accurately, compared to measured data. Furthermore, it was observed that the optimum sowing window varied among locations depending on rainfall patterns, althoughshowing the same trend for cultivars within a site. For the Experiment 4 was used only one pearl millet cultivar harvested at different maturity stages. The results showed that the dry matter and digestible dry matter yield, the concentration of dry matter, carbohydrates and lignin increased with maturity increasing. However, the concentration of crude protein, intake and apparent digestibility decreased. Therefore, it concludes that the pearl millet cultivars had feasibility for forage production under semi-arid conditions. For the cultivar IPA BULK1-BF was observed potential to yield forage within a wide harvest window, which ranges between 50 and 80 days after sowing. The CSM-CERES-Pearl Millet model could be a useful tool for the definition of management strategies for the pearl millet crop at Brazilian semi-arid.

Productive performance for silage production of five forage sorghum genotypes (BRS Ponta Negra, BRS 655, BR 601, BRS 506 and BRS 610) was evaluated through the yield of dry matter, digestible dry matter, and fresh matter, plant height, percentage of lodged and broken plants, and anatomical fractions in Brazilian semi-arid region. BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra varieties achieved the highest fresh forage yields (89.4 and 76.2 ton. ha -1 ), and BRS 506, stood out for dry and digestible dry matter yield (25.2 and 12.1 ton. ha -1 , respectively). Regarding the participation of the plant fractions, BRS 655 and BRS 610 genotypes showed a higher percentage of panicles (50.2 and 41.0% respectively), while BRS 506 stressed out the stem participation (84.6%), and BRS Ponta Negra, the leaf participation (17.9%). Among the materials evaluated for silage production, stood out the BRS 506 and BRS Ponta Negra genotypes. The results obtained for production of dry and digestible dry matter, and the ratio of plant fractions indicates the possible use of these genotypes on silage production in the Brazilian semiarid.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as caracteristicas agronomicas de cinco cultivares de milho (BRS 1055, BRS 3035, BRS 2022, SAO JOSE and BRS CAIMBE) recomendados para producao de silagem no Agreste de Pernambuco. Para tanto foram determinadas as produtividades de materia verde (PMV), de materia seca (PMS), numero de espigas (NE), altura de planta (AP), altura de insercao de espigas (AIE), populacao de plantas (PP), porcentagem de plantas quebradas (PQB) e as proporcoes de espiga (%EMS), colmo (%CMS) e folha (%FMS) na materia verde e na materia seca. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos (cultivares) e cinco repeticoes. O cultivar SAO JOSE destacou-se em relacao a altura de planta, de insercao de espigas e porcentagem de plantas quebradas, apresentando media de 2,05m, 1,15m e 7,62%, respectivamente. Os cultivares BRS 3035, BRS 2022 e BRS CAIMBE obtiveram as maiores producoes de materia seca (9,68, 9,66 e 8,62 Mg ha-1, respectivamente). Os cultivares avaliados apresentaram bom equilibrio na relacao folha: colmo: espiga e estao de acordo com os resultados apresentados para cultivares de milho consagrados para producao de silagem em distintas regioes brasileiras. Em geral, os cultivares BRS 2022, BRS 3035, and BRS CAIMBE se destacaram em relacao aos demais nas caracteristicas agronomicas para producao de silagem na Serra da Borborema, que e uma zona semiarida do estado de Pernambuco.

The use of concentrate for sheep grazing Buffel grass may improve the productive performance and carcass traits of animals. The objective of present trial was to evaluate the productive performance and carcass traits of sheep grazing Buffel grass receiving different concentrate levels. The concentrate levels used were: 0; 0.33; 0.66 and 1.0% of dry matter in relation to body weight. Forty lambs were used, ten animals by treatments, with 16.5 ± 2.0 kg of initial body weight and 20.97 kg final body weight, distributed in four groups. The experimental design was a completely randomized with ten replicates by treatments. The concentrate levels did not influence the cold and hot carcass weight. However, the increasing levels of concentrate promoted higher cold and hot carcass yield. Blood, head, hide, heart, lung, kidney and liver (non carcass components) weights and proportion of slaughtered body weight (SBW) and leg, shoulder, brisket, rib, neck and loin weights (commercial meat cuts) were not affected by increasing levels of concentrate. Full intestine in proportion of SBW was lower with the increase of concentrate levels, while the brisket's weight was higher with increase of concentrate. O uso de concentrados para ovinos mantidos em pastagens de capim-bufel pode melhorar o desempenho produtivo e os parâmetros de carcaça dos mesmos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o desempenho produtivo e os parâmetros de carcaça de ovinos mantidos em pastagens de capim-bufel recebendo doses crescentes de suplemento concentrado. As doses de concentrado utilizadas foram: 0; 0,33; 0,66 e 1,0% na matéria seca do suplemento em relação ao peso corporal dos animais. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros, dez animais por tratamento, com peso corporal inicial médio de 16,5 ± 2,0 kg e peso final de 20,97 kg, distribuídos em quatro grupos. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado. As doses de concentrado não influenciaram o peso de carcaça quente nem fria. Entretanto, o aumento nas doses de concentrado proporcionou maior rendimento de carcaça quente e fria. O peso e a proporção do peso corporal de abate (PCA) de sangue, cabeça, couro, coração, pulmão, rim e fígado (componentes não carcaça) e o peso e proporção da meia carcaça de pernil, paleta, carré, costela, pescoço e lombo (cortes cárneos comerciais) não foram afetados pelo aumento nas doses de concentrado. O intestino cheio em proporção ao PCA foi menor com o aumento de concentrado, enquanto que o peso do carré aumentou com as maiores doses de concentrado.

Mathematical models to predict the dry matter intake (DMI) of feedlot Santa Ines rams were developed and evaluated in this study. The available database had 100 experimental units from 13 studies. Study effect was integrated and random effects of their interactions as components of a hybrid model. The independent variables were initially adjusted to a model which included fixed effects for y-intercept and slope and random effects in y-intercept and slope study, using unstructured covariance model (e.g.: UN-unstructured). Study effect on database was verified, and then a meta-analysis procedure to develop DMI prediction equations was performed. For validation and comparisons between existing prediction equations in the national and international literature, independent data from one survey with 21 animals were used. Validation methods of the observed and predicted DMI were based on linear regression model adjustment of the observed values over predicted values. The following variables: average live weight (ALW), metabolic live weight (MLW0.75), average daily gain (ADG) and average daily gain2 (ADGsq) presented positive correlation with DMI. In contrast diet concentrate level showed a negative correlation. Among eight models examined, the following resulting equation [DMI (g/day)=238.74±114.56 (0.0398)+31.3574±4.2737 (

The objective of this study was to evaluate the daily intake and total apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, gross energy, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients, energy intake and nitrogen balance of silages of six maize varieties with early or super early cycles recommended to Northeast Brazil. Twenty-four male castrated lambs were lodged in metabolic cages. A completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications was used, with means compared by Tukey test at 5%. There were no differences among varieties for any of the evaluated variables regarding intake and apparent digestibility. Concerning the intake of digestible energy, metabolizable energy and the ratio content of digestible and metabolizable energy, significant differences were observed between varieties and BRS Assum Preto showed highest values of metabolizable energy (2.650,8 kcal/day). All of the treatments presented positive nitrogen balance and did not differ among themselves. The varieties asessed can be an additional option to the semiarid regions in Brazil.

Resumo: A integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) tem como princípio básico a sustentabilidade dos empreendimentos agropecuários nos aspectos econômicos sociais e ambientais. Tal premissa é de vital importância para qualquer intervenção humana no bioma Caatinga no intuito de aumentar a produtividade e lucratividade agrícola ou pecuária nesse bioma, visto ser esse o mais vulnerável entre todos os biomas brasileiros. Técnicas de manipulação do estrato arbóreo/arbustivo da Caatinga e introdução de culturas e pastagens são capazes de garantir aumentos significativos da produtividade agropecuária desse bioma, sem, no entanto, infringir perdas na sua sustentabilidade ambiental. Na parte mais Leste do semiárido, transição da Caatinga para a Mata Atlântica existe uma zona denominada Agreste que, embora ainda considerada semiárida, tem precipitações mais elevadas e menos erráticas. Aí a vegetação nativa de Caatinga foi removida em grande parte, dando lugar a lavouras de milho, feijão e a pecuária. Apesar dessa melhor condição pluviométrica ocorrem períodos de escassez de chuvas, além de crescente esgotamento da fertilidade dos solos, que conduzem a uma queda de produtividade das lavouras e degradação das pastagens. Sistema de ILPF para recuperação das pastagens e maior sustentabilidade dos sistemas de cultivo, começam a ser disponibilizados. [Crop-livestock-forest integration systems: a temporal analysis of their use in the Brazilian Semiarid region]. Abstract: The basic principle of crop-livestock-forestry integration (CLFI) is the sustainability of agricultural enterprises in the social, economic and environmental aspects. This premise is of vital importance for any human intervention in the Caatinga biome in order to increase productivity and agricultural or livestock profitability in that biome, as this is the most vulnerable among all Brazilian biomes. Techniques for manipulating the Caatinga tree / shrub stratum and introducing crops and pastures are able to guarantee significant increases in agricultural productivity in this biome, without, however, infringing losses in its environmental sustainability. In the most eastern part of the semiarid, transition from the Caatinga to the Atlantic Forest, there is an area called Agreste which, although still considered semi-arid, has higher and less erratic rainfall. There, the native Caatinga vegetation was largely removed, giving way to corn, beans and livestock. Despite this better rainfall, there are periods of scarcity of rainfall, in addition to increasing depletion of soil fertility, which leads to a fall in crop productivity and degradation of pastures. CLFI system for the recovery of pastures and greater sustainability of cultivation systems are beginning to be made available. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-12T09:06:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CNPC-2020-Art-30.pdf: 2442043 bytes, checksum: ef6203f1eade4379fb16ad14104e855c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.) is an important crop for rainfed production systems and can play a significant role as a feed source for ruminants owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. It is well-established that the maturity stage can influence the chemical composition as well as the nutritional value of crops traditionally used for silage production, although quantitative evidence that this occurs with pearl millet under rainfed conditions is lacking. The current research assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of a Brazilian pearl millet cultivar (IPA BULK1-BF) harvested at four different growth stages. Forage was harvested at 35, 50, 65 and 80 days after sowing and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 24 male lambs. The results showed that dry matter (DM) and panicle and stem proportions increased with the advancement maturity. The silage evaluations showed that DM, total and non-fibrous carbohydrates and lignin concentrations increased, while crude protein, ADF and in vitro DM digestibility decreased with the increase in plant maturity. Additionally, the fermentation characteristics were improved with the increasing maturity. The digestion study showed that intake of DM and N as well as digestibility of DM and fibre fractions decreased, while lignin intake increased. The results obtained for the production of dry and digestible DM, the ratio of plant fractions and fermentation parameters indicate the possibility of harvesting pearl millet forage after 50 days after sowing for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Made available in DSpace on 2021-01-20T09:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dantas.-Performance-agronomic-traits-ensilability.pdf: 242348 bytes, checksum: 5697d8ff7b2606de10394c7bab016f57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Avaliou-se o efeito da inclusão da silagem da raiz de mandioca sobre os parâmetros ruminais e o balanço de compostos nitrogenados em bovinos de origem leiteira. Utilizou-se cinco animais, canulados no rúmen, não lactantes e com peso corporal médio de 389 kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em um quadrado latino cinco x cinco, sendo cinco dietas com níveis de inclusão (0,00; 3,62; 7,23; 10,84; e 14,54% da matéria seca da dieta) da silagem da raiz de mandioca e cinco períodos. Cada período constituiu-se em 10 dias de adaptação e cinco dias para a coleta dos dados. As excreções de nitrogênio na urina e nas fezes não foram influenciadas (P>0,05) pela inclusão da silagem da raiz de mandioca nas dietas. O consumo de nitrogênio total (CNT) e o balanço de nitrogênio (BN) apresentaram comportamento quadrático e linear crescente, respectivamente. Obteve-se o menor CNT (142,14 g/dia) no nível de inclusão de 5,82% de silagem da raiz de mandioca. As concentrações de ureia (U) e de nitrogênio ureico (NU) na urina e no plasma não modificaram (P>0,05). Observou-se comportamento quadrático (P0,05) entre os níveis da silagem da raiz de mandioca e o tempo de coleta do conteúdo ruminal para os ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, o pH e o nitrogênio amoniacal (N-NH3). Apenas o teor de N-NH3 apresentou comportamento quadrático, em função dos níveis de inclusão, obtendo-se o ponto mínimo (12,62 mg/100 mL de conteúdo ruminal) no nível de 5,98%. O nível de 7,23% de silagem da raiz de mandioca na dieta foi mais eficiente na utilização dos compostos nitrogenados. As dietas contribuem de forma semelhante para a produção dos ácidos graxos de cadeia curta, sem interferir no pH ruminal. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T00:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael.2.2017.pdf: 791835 bytes, checksum: 236e811be33f6f98676c634e74732ad2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-22

Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum(L.) R.) could play an important role as a feed source for ruminants in arid and semi-arid zones of the world owing to its high yield and drought tolerance. The current paper assessed the agronomic characteristics, ensilability, intake and digestibility of five Brazilian pearl millet cultivars (IPA Bulk1BF, BRS 1501, CMS-03, CMS-01 and BN-2) in a typical Brazilian northeastern semi-arid climate. Forage was harvested at the dough stage of grain maturity (growth stage 86 according to the BBCH scale) and ensiled under laboratory and farm conditions. Apparent digestibility of the silages was determined using 25 Santa Inês male lambs. The cultivars CMS-01, CMS-03 and BN-2 out-performed the others in terms of dry matter (DM) and digest- ible DM yield/ha. At DM partitioning among plant tissues, the cultivar IPA Bulk1BF had a greater DM associated with panicles and one of the greatest concentrations of organic matter, lactic acid and in vitro dry matter digestibility among the five cultivars. The cultivar BRS 1501 had greater butyric acid concentration as well as one of the highest pH values. Silage produced from BN-2 not only contained greater acetic acid concentration, but also showed one of the greatest total volatile fatty acid concentrations. There were no differences in feed intake and digestibility of nutrients and fibre fractions across all cultivars. Silage made from BN-2 resulted in greater urinary excretion of nitrogen than those produced from BRS 1501. Under the conditions of the present study, the results obtained for production of DM and digestible dry matter, and the ratio of plant fractions, indicates the possible use of these cultivars for silage production in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-13T01:10:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agronomictraits.pdf: 112360 bytes, checksum: 00cb5845a6ab1fe41e351a8cfe61853d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01

In this study, we evaluated the productivity of green matter (PGM); productivity of dry matter (PDM); plant height (PH); percentage of lodged plants (PLP); percentage of broken plants (PBP); and proportions of panicle, stem, and leaf in the GM and DM of five sorghum genotypes (SF15, 2502, BRS655, BR506, BR601) indicated for the agreste region of Pernambuco State to assess their production of silage. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with five treatments and five replications. SF15 was prominent for PH, with mean value of 2.24 m. SF15, BR506 and 2502 attained the highest PDM (11.3; 11.12 and 9.54 t ha-1, respectively). The genotypes evaluated presented a good balance of leaf:stem:panicle ratios and were in accordance with those exhibited by sorghum genotypes selected for silage production in different Brazilian regions. RESUMO: Foram avaliadas as produtividades de matéria verde (PMV), matéria seca (PMS), altura de planta (AP), porcentagem de plantas acamadas (PAC), porcentagem de plantas quebradas (PQB) e as proporções de panícula, colmo e folha na matéria verde e na matéria seca de cinco genótipos de sorgo forrageiro indicados para a região Agreste de Pernambuco (SF15, 2502, BRS655, BR506, BR601) visando à produção de silagem. Foi utilizado o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. O genótipo SF15 destacou-se em relação à altura de plantas, apresentando média de 2,24 m. Os genótipos SF15, BR506 e 2502 obtiveram as maiores produções de matéria seca (11,3; 11,12 e 9,54 t ha-1). Os genótipos avaliados apresentaram relação folha: colmo: panícula adequada para produção de silagem, indicando sua possibilidade para produção de silagem no Semiárido pernambucano.

RESUMO - Objetivou-se conhecer alguns aspectos sociais, níveis tecnológicos e resultados econômicos de produtores de leite de vaca em propriedades situadas no Perímetro Irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, localizado no município de Petrolina, estado de Pernambuco. Foram entrevistados 28 produtores no perímetro, no período de abril a setembro do ano de 2007. As famílias dos produtores que residem nos estabelecimentos rurais e na zona urbana somaram 53,6 e 46,4%, respectivamente. As propriedades estudadas foram classificadas em sua maioria como sistemas intensivos a pasto e em confinamento (57,1%) com produção média de 9,3L/vaca/dia. A renda bruta proveniente do leite foi de R$2.477,47. A relação entre vacas em lactação e o total de vacas e o intervalo de partos foram respectivamente de 52,1% e 19,1 meses. Foi possível observar que, na maior parte das propriedades trabalhava-se com monta natural (96,4%) e ordenha manual (96,4%). De um modo geral a vacinação é deficiente, contudo 96,4% das propriedades vacinam contra aftosa. A principal fonte de informação desses produtores é a televisão. Em relação ao manejo alimentar, observou-se alta dependência de insumos externos. Os valores médios da produtividade da terra e do número de vacas em lactação por área foram de 3.722,0L/ha/ano e 1,1 vacas/ha, respectivamente. A bovinocultura leiteira apresenta potencial para complementar a renda dos produtores no Perímetro Irrigado Senador Nilo Coelho, porém são necessários investimentos para intensificação do uso dos recursos forrageiros, melhoria da qualidade do leite, manejo reprodutivo, nutricional e sanitário do rebanho, e assistência técnica aos produtores. ABSTRACT - This work aimed to evaluate social, technological levels, and economic results of dairy cattle producers on properties located in the Senator Nilo Coelho Irrigation District, located in the city of Petrolina, Pernambuco State. Twenty-eight producers were interviewed in the period from April to September of 2007. The families of the milk producers the Senator Nilo Coelho Irrigation District living in rural and urban areas amounted to 53,6 e 46,4% respectively. Rural properties were mostly classified as intensive systems (57,1%) with an average production of 9,3 L/lactating cow/day. Gross income from milk was R$ 2.477,47. The ratio between lactating cows and the total number of cows and calving interval were respectively 52.1% and 19,1 months. It was observed that most properties worked with natural mating (96,4%) and manual milking (96,4%). In general vaccination is deficient, however 96,4% of farms vaccinated against Food and Month Disease. Information main source from these producers is television. Regarding the feeding management, it was observed a high dependence on external inputs and the average land productivity and the number of milking cows per area were 3722,0L/ha/year and 1,1 cows/ha, respectively. Dairy cattle have a potential to supplement the producers income, but investments are needed to intensify the use of forage resources, to improve milk quality, reproductive management, nutrition and health herd and technical assistance to producers. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-05T17:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Artigo-meta-2011-RBSPA-Andre.pdf: 88541 bytes, checksum: b5441dc5d4d08b709059291fbe59d221 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011

Avaliaram-se as características fermentativas e a qualidade das silagens de seis variedades de milho, de ciclos precoce e superprecoce - BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Assum Preto, BR 5033 Asa Branca, BR 5028 São Francisco, Gurutuba e BRS 4103 - indicadas para a região semiárida brasileira. Foram utilizados silos experimentais, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis tratamentos (variedades) e quatro repetições. Avaliaram-se: matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), extrato etéreo (EE), carboidratos totais (CHO), carboidratos não fibrosos (CNF), pH, nitrogênio amoniacal como parte do nitrogênio total (N-NH3/NT), ácidos orgânicos e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) das silagens. Os valores médios encontrados para a silagem foram: MS= 28,7%; MO= 94,9%; PB= 8,3%; FDN= 49,9%; FDA= 27,5%; EE= 3,8%; CHO= 82,7%; CNF= 32,8%; pH= 3,8; N-NH3/NT= 2,9%/NT; ácido láctico = 7,6%; ácido acético = 0,6%; ácido butírico = 0,3% e DIVMS= 57,9%. As variedades BR 5028 - São Francisco e Gurutuba destacaram-se das demais em relação ao teor de matéria seca. A variedade BRS Caatingueiro apresentou maior teor de carboidratos não fibrosos em relação às demais. As silagens de todas as variedades foram classificadas como de excelente qualidade, por apresentarem potencial para ensilagem no semiárido brasileiro The fermentation characteristics and silage quality of six maize varieties of early and super early cycles were evaluated. They are recommended for the Brazilian semi-arid region (BRS Caatingueiro, BRS Assum Preto, BR 5033 - Asa Branca, BR 5028 - São Francisco, Gurutuba and BRS 4103). Experimental silos were used, in a completely randomized design, with six treatments (varieties) and four replicaties. The evaluated parameters were: dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), ether extract (EE), total carbohydrates (CHO), non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC), pH, ammoniacal nitrogen as part of the total nitrogen (N-NH3/TN), organic acids, and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silages. The mean values found for silage were: DM= 29.6%; OM= 94.9%; CP= 8.2%; NDF= 49.9%; ADF= 27.5%; EE= 3.8%; CHO= 82.7%; NFC= 32.8%; pH= 3.8; N-NH3/TN= 2.9%/TN; lactic acid = 7.6%; acetic acid = 0.6%; butyric acid = 0.3%; and IVDMD = 57.9%. Varieties BR 5028 - São Francisco and Gurutuba stood out (P