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62 results on '"Rafael Alves Batista"'

1. Modified particle lifetimes as a signature of deformed relativity

Author: Pedro H. Morais, Iarley P. Lobo, Christian Pfeifer, Rafael Alves Batista, and Valdir B. Bezerra
Subjects: Relativity principle, Clock postulate, Deformed special relativity, Lorentz invariance, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We demonstrate a compatibility between the relativity principle and the clock postulate in deformed special relativity, by identifying the relevant deformed Lorentz transformations in position space between arbitrary frames. This result leads to a first-principles correction to the dilated lifetime of fundamental particles. It turns out that these modified time dilations offer a way to scrutinize Lorentz invariance (or deviations thereof) to high precision.
Published: 2024
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2. Ultra-high-energy Cosmic-Ray Sources Can Be Gamma-Ray Dim

Author: Angelina Partenheimer, Ke Fang, Rafael Alves Batista, and Rogerio Menezes de Almeida
Subjects: Ultra-high-energy cosmic radiation, Gamma-ray sources, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs), accelerated hadrons that can exceed energies of 10 ^20 eV, are the highest-energy particles ever observed. While the sources producing UHECRs are still unknown, the Pierre Auger Observatory has detected a large-scale dipole anisotropy in the arrival directions of cosmic rays above 8 EeV. In this work, we explore whether resolved gamma-ray sources can reproduce the Auger dipole. We use various Fermi Large Area Telescope catalogs as sources of cosmic rays in CRPropa simulations. We find that in all cases, the simulated dipole has an amplitude significantly larger than that measured by Auger, even when considering large extragalactic magnetic field strengths and optimistic source weighting schemes. Our result implies that the resolved gamma-ray sources are insufficient to account for the population of sources producing the highest-energy cosmic rays, and there must exist a population of UHECR sources that lack gamma-ray emission or are unresolved by the current-generation gamma-ray telescopes.
Published: 2024
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3. The diffuse gamma-ray flux from clusters of galaxies

Author: Saqib Hussain, Rafael Alves Batista, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Klaus Dolag
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB), the one that remains after subtracting all individual sources from observed gamma-ray sky, is unknown. The DGRB possibly encompasses contributions from different source populations such as star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or galaxy clusters. Here, we combine cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of clusters of galaxies with the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) using Monte Carlo simulations, in the redshift range z ≤ 5.0, and show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to 100% of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above 100 GeV, for CRs spectral indices α = 1.5 − 2.5 and energy cutoffs $${E}_{\max }=1{0}^{16}-1{0}^{17}$$ E max = 1 0 16 − 1 0 17 eV. The flux is dominated by clusters with masses 1013 ≲ M/M ⊙ ≲ 1015 and redshift z ≲ 0.3. Our results also predict the potential observation of high-energy gamma rays from clusters by experiments like the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and potentially the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
Published: 2023
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4. Two-body decays in deformed relativity

Author: Iarley P. Lobo, Christian Pfeifer, Pedro H. Morais, Rafael Alves Batista, and Valdir B. Bezerra
Subjects: Space-Time Symmetries, Violation of Lorentz and/or CPT Symmetry, Cosmic Rays, Models of Quantum Gravity, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Abstract Deformed relativistic kinematics is a framework which captures effects, that are expected from particles and fields propagating on a quantum spacetime, effectively. They are formulated in terms of a modified dispersion relation and a modified momentum conservation equation. In this work we use Finsler geometry to formulate deformed relativistic kinematics in terms of particle velocities. The relation between the Finsler geometric velocity dependent formulation and the original momentum dependent formulation allows us to construct deformed Lorentz transformations between arbitrary frames. Moreover, we find the corresponding compatible momentum conservation equation to first order in the Planck scale deformation of special relativity based on the κ-Poincaré algebra in the bicrossproduct basis. We find that the deformed Lorentz transformations, as well as the deformed time dilation factor, contain terms that scale with the energy of the particle under consideration to the fourth power. We derive how the distributions of decay products are affected when the deformed relativity principle is satisfied and find, for the case of a pion decaying into a neutrino and a muon, that the ratio of expected neutrinos to muons with a certain energy is just slightly modified when compared to the predictions based on special relativity. We also discuss the phenomenological consequences of this framework for cosmic-ray showers in the atmosphere.
Published: 2022
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5. The Gamma-ray Window to Intergalactic Magnetism

Author: Rafael Alves Batista and Andrey Saveliev
Subjects: intergalactic magnetic fields, high-energy gamma rays, electromagnetic cascades, Elementary particle physics, QC793-793.5
Abstract: One of the most promising ways to probe intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) is through gamma rays produced in electromagnetic cascades initiated by high-energy gamma rays or cosmic rays in the intergalactic space. Because the charged component of the cascade is sensitive to magnetic fields, gamma-ray observations of distant objects such as blazars can be used to constrain IGMF properties. Ground-based and space-borne gamma-ray telescopes deliver spectral, temporal, and angular information of high-energy gamma-ray sources, which carries imprints of the intervening magnetic fields. This provides insights into the nature of the processes that led to the creation of the first magnetic fields and into the phenomena that impacted their evolution. Here we provide a detailed description of how gamma-ray observations can be used to probe cosmic magnetism. We review the current status of this topic and discuss the prospects for measuring IGMFs with the next generation of gamma-ray observatories.
Published: 2021
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6. The Resilience of Life to Astrophysical Events

Author: David Sloan, Rafael Alves Batista, and Abraham Loeb
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Much attention has been given in the literature to the effects of astrophysical events on human and land-based life. However, little has been discussed on the resilience of life itself. Here we instead explore the statistics of events that completely sterilise an Earth-like planet with planet radii in the range 0.5–1.5R ⊕ and temperatures of ∼300 K, eradicating all forms of life. We consider the relative likelihood of complete global sterilisation events from three astrophysical sources – supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, large asteroid impacts, and passing-by stars. To assess such probabilities we consider what cataclysmic event could lead to the annihilation of not just human life, but also extremophiles, through the boiling of all water in Earth’s oceans. Surprisingly we find that although human life is somewhat fragile to nearby events, the resilience of Ecdysozoa such as Milnesium tardigradum renders global sterilisation an unlikely event.
Published: 2017
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7. Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Jonathan Biteau, Mauricio Bustamante, Klaus Dolag, Ralph Engel, Ke Fang, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Dmitriy Kostunin, Miguel Mostafa, Kohta Murase, Foteini Oikonomou, Angela V. Olinto, Mikhail I. Panasyuk, Guenter Sigl, Andrew M. Taylor, and Michael Unger
Subjects: ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, ultrahigh energy neutrinos, extensive air shower detectors, intergalactic magnetic fields, mass composition, hadronic interactions, Astronomy, QB1-991, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract: We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the “The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy” MIAPP workshop in 2018. Specifically, we overview open questions on the origin of the bulk of UHECRs, the UHECR mass composition, the origin of the end of the cosmic-ray spectrum, the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays, the effect of magnetic fields on the trajectories of UHECRs, anisotropy expectations for specific astrophysical scenarios, hadronic interactions, and prospects for discovering neutral particles as well as new physics at ultrahigh energies. We also briefly overview upcoming and proposed UHECR experiments and discuss their projected science reach.
Published: 2019
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8. Uma atividade de extensão universitária para ensino de Física de partículas a alunos de Ensino Médio

Author: Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: física de partículas, física moderna e contemporânea, extensão universitária, Mathematics, QA1-939, Education
Abstract: No presente trabalho descreve-se uma atividade de extensão universitária que consistiu em um mini-curso de Física de Partículas para um público composto integralmente por alunos de Ensino Médio de diversas cidades do Brasil. Como levantamento preliminar foi aplicado um questionário, a fim de identificar alguns conhecimentos prévios dos alunos sobre o tema, e um levantamento posterior, visando verificar se houve alguma evolução do conhecimento destes alunos sobre o tema. Os resultados obtidos foram positivos. Os tópicos abordados foram trabalhados de forma a incluir elementos de CTSA (Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente), e História da Ciência, sendo alguns destes tópicos acompanhados de discussões de natureza epistemológica, zelando sempre pela correta transmissão da ideia do “fazer-Ciência” e do trabalho do cientista. A linha de trabalho adotada neste mini-curso pode ser adaptada para ser aplicada no contexto escolar.
Published: 2012
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9. Finite Planck-scale-modified relativistic framework in Finsler geometry

Author: Iarley Lobo, Christian Pfeifer, Pedro H. Morais, Rafael Alves Batista, and Valdir B. Bezerra
Published: 2022

10. High-Energy and Ultra-High-Energy Neutrinos: A Snowmass White Paper

Author: Markus Ackermann, Mauricio Bustamante, Lu Lu, Nepomuk Otte, Mary Hall Reno, Stephanie Wissel, Sanjib K. Agarwalla, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, Carlos A. Argüelles, Brian A. Clark, Austin Cummings, Sudipta Das, Valentin Decoene, Peter B. Denton, Damien Dornic, Zhan-Arys Dzhilkibaev, Yasaman Farzan, Alfonso Garcia, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Christian Glaser, Aart Heijboer, Jörg R. Hörandel, Giulia Illuminati, Yu Seon Jeong, John L. Kelley, Kevin J. Kelly, Ali Kheirandish, Spencer R. Klein, John F. Krizmanic, Michael J. Larson, Kohta Murase, Ashish Narang, Remy L. Prechelt, Steven Prohira, Elisa Resconi, Marcos Santander, Victor B. Valera, Justin Vandenbroucke, Olga Vasil'evna Suvorova, Lawrence Wiencke, Shigeru Yoshida, Tianlu Yuan, Enrique Zas, Pavel Zhelnin, Bei Zhou, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Yosuke Ashida, Mahdi Bagheri, Aswathi Balagopal, Vedant Basu, James Beatty, Keith Bechtol, Nicole Bell, Abigail Bishop, Julia Book, Anthony Brown, Alexander Burgman, Michael Campana, Nhan Chau, Thomas Y. Chen, Alan Coleman, Amy Connolly, Janet M. Conrad, Pablo Correa, Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski, Zachary Curtis-Ginsberg, Paramita Dasgupta, Simon De Kockere, Krijn de Vries, Cosmin Deaconu, Abhishek Desai, Tyce DeYoung, Armando di Matteo, Dominik Elsaesser, Phillip Fürst, Kwok Lung Fan, Anatoli Fedynitch, Derek Fox, Erik Ganster, Martin Ha Minh, Christian Haack, Steffen Hallman, Francis Halzen, Andreas Haungs, Aya Ishihara, Eleanor Judd, Timo Karg, Albrecht Karle, Teppei Katori, Alina Kochocki, Claudio Kopper, Marek Kowalski, Ilya Kravchenko, Naoko Kurahashi, Mathieu Lamoureux, Hermes León Vargas, Massimiliano Lincetto, Qinrui Liu, Jim Madsen, Yuya Makino, Joseph Mammo, Zsuzsa Marka, Eric Mayotte, Kevin Meagher, Maximilian Meier, Lino Miramonti, Marjon Moulai, Katharine Mulrey, Marco Muzio, Richard Naab, Anna Nelles, William Nichols, Alisa Nozdrina, Erin O'Sullivan, Vivian OD́ell, Jesse Osborne, Vishvas Pandey, Ek Narayan Paudel, Alex Pizzuto, Mattias Plum, Carlos Pobes Aranda, Lilly Pyras, Christoph Raab, Zoe Rechav, Juan Rojo, Oscar Romero Matamala, Pierpaolo Savina, Frank Schroeder, Lisa Schumacher, Sergio Sciutto, Stephen Sclafani, Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh, Manuel Silva, Rajeev Singh, Daniel Smith, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Robert Wayne Springer, Juliana Stachurska, Olga Suvorova, Ignacio Taboada, Simona Toscano, Matias Tueros, Jean Pierre Twagirayezu, Nick van Eijndhoven, Péter Veres, Abigail Vieregg, Winnie Wang, Nathan Whitehorn, Walter Winter, Emre Yildizci, Shiqi Yu, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, neutrino: energy: high, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Baikal, WIMP: dark matter, neutrino: flux, IceCube, neutrino: decay, neutrino: energy, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], neutrino: supernova, numerical calculations, KM3NeT, Particle Physics - Phenomenology, astro-ph.HE, new physics, hep-ex, ANITA, Astronomy and Astrophysics, hep-ph, neutrino: UHE, neutrino: propagation, neutrino: detector, Space and Planetary Science, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract: Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years. Astrophysical neutrinos are excellent probes of astroparticle physics and high-energy physics. With energies far beyond solar, supernovae, atmospheric, and accelerator neutrinos, high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos probe fundamental physics from the TeV scale to the EeV scale and beyond. They are sensitive to physics both within and beyond the Standard Model through their production mechanisms and in their propagation over cosmological distances. They carry unique information about their extreme non-thermal sources by giving insight into regions that are opaque to electromagnetic radiation. This white paper describes the opportunities astrophysical neutrino observations offer for astrophysics and high-energy physics, today and in coming years.
Published: 2022

11. The Pierre Auger Observatory and its Upgrade

Author: Rafael Alves Batista and Ingomar Allekotte
Subjects: OBSERVATÓRIOS
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory was built to study cosmic rays of the highest energies. It is installed in the Departments of Malarg¨ue and San Rafael in the Province of Mendoza, Argentina. The Observatory is based on a hybrid design, comprised by two detector systems: a surface array of 1660 water Cherenkov detectors is complemented with 27 fluorescence telescopes which overlook the atmosphere above the surface array. Covering a total area in excess of 3000 km2, it is the largest and most precise observatory of its kind. It has been in full operation for over a decade now. In this article we review the objectives and design properties of the Pierre Auger Observatory, present its performance and the main scientific results obtained so far, and we describe the Upgrade that is well underway to enhance its capabilities for the next decade of measurements.
Published: 2020

12. Investigating Hadronic Interactions at Ultra-High Energies with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Goos, Isabel, Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Albury, J. M., Allekotte, I., Cheminant, K. Almeida, Almela, A., Alvarez-Muñiz, J., Rafael Alves Batista, Yebra, J. Ammerman, Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andrada, B., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Araújo Ferreira, P. R., Arnone, E., Velázquez, J. C. Arteaga, Asorey, H., Assis, P., Avila, G., Avocone, E., Badescu, A. M., Bakalova, A., Balaceanu, A., Barbato, F., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bhatta, G., Biermann, P. L., Binet, V., Bismark, K., Bister, T., Biteau, J., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, J., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Arbeletche, L. Bonneau, Borodai, N., Botti, A. M., Brack, J., Bretz, T., Orchera, P. G. Brichetto, Briechle, F. L., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Büsken, M., Caballero-Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, L., Canfora, F., Caracas, I., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Catalani, F., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cerda, M., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Chytka, L., Clay, R. W., Cobos Cerutti, A. C., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Condorelli, A., Consolati, G., Contreras, F., Convenga, F., Santos, D. Correia Dos, Covault, C. E., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., Day, J. A., Almeida, R. M., Jesús, J., Jong, S. J., Mello Neto, J. R. T., Mitri, I., Oliveira, J., Oliveira Franco, D., Palma, F., Souza, V., Vito, E., Del Popolo, A., Del Río, M., Deligny, O., Deval, L., Di Matteo, A., Dobre, M., Dobrigkeit, C., D Olivo, J. C., Mendes, L. M. Domingues, Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Epicoco, I., Erdmann, M., Escobar, C. O., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Farmer, J., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Feldbusch, F., Fenu, F., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filipčič, A., Fitoussi, T., Fodran, T., Fujii, T., Fuster, A., Galea, C., Galelli, C., García, B., Garcia Vegas, A. L., Gemmeke, H., Gesualdi, F., Gherghel-Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Glombitza, J., Gobbi, F., Gollan, F., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., Gongora, J. P., González, J. M., González, N., Goos, I., Góra, D., Gorgi, A., Gottowik, M., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Guido, E., Hahn, S., Hamal, P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harvey, V. M., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Janecek, P., Johnsen, J. A., Jurysek, J., Kääpä, A., Kampert, K. H., Keilhauer, B., Khakurdikar, A., Kizakke Covilakam, V. V., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Knapp, F., Kunka, N., Lago, B. L., Langner, N., Oliveira, M. A. Leigui, Lenok, V., Letessier-Selvon, A., Lhenry-Yvon, I., Lo Presti, D., Lopes, L., López, R., Lu, L., Luce, Q., Lundquist, J. P., Machado Payeras, A., Mancarella, G., Mandat, D., Manning, B. C., Manshanden, J., Mantsch, P., Marafico, S., Mariani, F. M., Mariazzi, A. G., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinelli, S., Martínez Bravo, O., Mastrodicasa, M., Mathes, H. J., Matthews, J., Matthiae, G., Mayotte, E., Mayotte, S., Mazur, P. O., Medina-Tanco, G., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Michal, S., Micheletti, M. I., Miramonti, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morejon, L., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Müller, A. L., Muller, M. A., Mulrey, K., Mussa, R., Muzio, M., Namasaka, W. M., Nasr-Esfahani, A., Nellen, L., Nicora, G., Niculescu-Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Nitz, D., Norwood, I., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Nucita, A., Núñez, L. A., Oliveira, C., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Pawlowsky, J., Pech, M., Pękala, J., Pelayo, R., Peña-Rodriguez, J., Pereira Martins, E. E., Perez Armand, J., Pérez Bertolli, C., Perrone, L., Petrera, S., Petrucci, C., Pierog, T., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Pont, B., Pothast, M., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Puyleart, A., Querchfeld, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravignani, D., Reininghaus, M., Ridky, J., Riehn, F., Risse, M., Rizi, V., Carvalho, W. Rodrigues, Rodriguez Rojo, J., Roncoroni, M. J., Rossoni, S., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Ruehl, P., Saftoiu, A., Saharan, M., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Salina, G., Gomez, J. D. Sanabria, Sánchez, F., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento-Cano, C., Sato, R., Savina, P., Schäfer, C. M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schimassek, M., Schimp, M., Schlüter, F., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulte, J., Schulz, T., Sciutto, S. J., Scornavacche, M., Segreto, A., Sehgal, S., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Silli, G., Sima, O., Smau, R., Šmída, R., Sommers, P., Soriano, J. F., Squartini, R., Stadelmaier, M., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stasielak, J., Stassi, P., Streich, A., Suárez-Durán, M., Sudholz, T., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Szadkowski, Z., Tapia, A., Taricco, C., Timmermans, C., Tkachenko, O., Tobiska, P., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Tomé, B., Torrès, Z., Travaini, A., Travnicek, P., Trimarelli, C., Tueros, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Vaclavek, L., Vacula, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valore, L., Varela, E., Vásquez-Ramírez, A., Veberič, D., Ventura, C., Vergara Quispe, I. D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Vink, J., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Watanabe, C., Watson, A. A., Weindl, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Yushkov, A., Zapparrata, O., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zehrer, L., AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Pierre Auger
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), showers: atmosphere, longitudinal, accelerator, hybrid, air, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, model: hadronic, FOS: Physical sciences, fluctuation: measured, Auger, observatory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, CERN LHC Coll, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), muon, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, cosmic radiation: UHE, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], detector: design
Abstract: The development of an extensive air shower depends not only on the nature of the primary ultra-high-energy cosmic ray but also on the properties of the hadronic interactions. For energies above those achievable in human-made accelerators, hadronic interactions are only accessible through the studies of extensive air showers, which can be measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory. With its hybrid detector design, the Pierre Auger Observatory measures both the longitudinal development of showers in the atmosphere and the lateral distribution of particles that arrive at the ground. This way, observables that are sensitive to hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies can be obtained. While the hadronic interaction cross-section can be assessed from the longitudinal profiles, the number of muons and their fluctuations measured with the ground detectors are linked to other physical properties. In addition to these direct studies, we discuss here how measurements of the atmospheric depth of the maximum of air-shower profiles and the characteristics of the muon signal at the ground can be used to test the self-consistency of the post-LHC hadronic models., Comment: Proceedings of VHEPU 56th Rencontres de Moriond 2022
Published: 2022
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13. The Diffuse Gamma-Ray Flux from Clusters of Galaxies

Author: Saqib Hussain, Rafael Alves Batista, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Klaus Dolag
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Multidisciplinary, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, General Chemistry, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The origin of the diffuse gamma-ray background (DGRB), the one that remains after subtracting all individual sources from observed gamma-ray sky, is unknown. The DGRB possibly encompasses contributions from different source populations such as star-forming galaxies, starburst galaxies, active galactic nuclei, gamma-ray bursts, or galaxy clusters. Here, we combine cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of clusters of galaxies with the propagation of cosmic rays (CRs) using Monte Carlo simulations, in the redshift range $z\leq 5.0$, and show that the integrated gamma-ray flux from clusters can contribute up to $100\%$ of the DGRB flux observed by Fermi-LAT above $100$ GeV, for CRs spectral indices $\alpha = 1.5 - 2.5$ and energy cutoffs $E_{\text{max}} = 10^{16} - 10^{17}$ eV. The flux is dominated by clusters with masses $10^{13} \lesssim M/M_{\odot} \lesssim 10^{15}$ and redshift $ z \lesssim 0.3$. Our results also predict the potential observation of high-energy gamma rays from clusters by experiments like the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC), the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO), and potentially the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA)., Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures
Published: 2022
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14. CRPropa 3.2-an advanced framework for high-energy particle propagation in extragalactic and galactic spaces

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Julia Becker Tjus, Julien Dörner, Andrej Dundovic, Björn Eichmann, Antonius Frie, Christopher Heiter, Mario R. Hoerbe, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Lukas Merten, Gero Müller, Patrick Reichherzer, Andrey Saveliev, Leander Schlegel, Günter Sigl, Arjen van Vliet, Tobias Winchen, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astronomy, halo, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic radiation: diffusion, GLAST, particle: propagation, cascade: electromagnetic, HESS, ddc:530, cosmic radiation: UHE, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Monte Carlo, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), cosmic radiation: propagation, photon: production, magnetic field: turbulence, Astronomy and Astrophysics, acceleration, landscape, MAGIC, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, particle: interaction, coherence, observatory, gamma ray, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), gas: density, VERITAS, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The landscape of high- and ultra-high-energy astrophysics has changed in the last decade, largely due to the inflow of data collected by large-scale cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and neutrino observatories. At the dawn of the multimessenger era, the interpretation of these observations within a consistent framework is important to elucidate the open questions in this field. CRPropa 3.2 is a Monte Carlo code for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in the Universe. This version represents a major leap forward, significantly expanding the simulation framework and opening up the possibility for many more astrophysical applications. This includes, among others: efficient simulation of high-energy particles in diffusion-dominated domains, self-consistent and fast modelling of electromagnetic cascades with an extended set of channels for photon production, and studies of cosmic-ray diffusion tensors based on updated coherent and turbulent magnetic-field models. Furthermore, several technical updates and improvements are introduced with the new version, such as: enhanced interpolation, targeted emission of sources, and a new propagation algorithm (Boris push). The detailed description of all novel features is accompanied by a discussion and a selected number of example applications., 32 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022

15. Morphological properties of blazar-induced gamma-ray haloes

Author: Rafael Alves Batista and Andrey Saveliev
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, Gamma ray, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Magnetic field, Magnetic helicity, Intergalactic travel, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: At TeV energies and above gamma rays can induce electromagnetic cascades, whose charged component is sensitive to intervening intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs). When interpreting gamma-ray measurements in the energy range between a few GeV and hundreds of TeV, one has to carefully account for effects due to IGMFs, which depend on their strength and power spectrum. Therefore, gamma-ray-induced electromagnetic cascades can be used as probes of cosmic magnetism, since their arrival distribution as well as spectral and temporal properties can provide unique information about IGMFs, whose origin and properties are currently poorly understood. In this contribution we present an efficient three-dimensional Monte Carlo code for simulations of gamma-ray propagation. We focus on the effects of different configurations of IGMFs, in particular magnetic helicity and the power spectrum of stochastic fields, on the morphology of the arrival directions of gamma rays, and discuss the prospects for detecting pair haloes around distant blazars., Comment: 8 pages, 7 figures. Proceedings of the 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2017), Bexco, Busan, South Korea
Published: 2021

16. Numerical models of neutrino and gamma-ray emission from magnetic reconnection in the core of radio-galaxies

Author: Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Turbulence, Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Centaurus A, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Accretion (astrophysics), Particle acceleration, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Non-blazar radio-galaxies emitting in the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) regime offer a unique perspective for probing particle acceleration and emission processes in black hole (BH) accretion-jet systems. The misaligned nature of these sources indicates the presence of an emission component that could be of hadronic origin and located in the core region. Here we consider turbulent magnetic reconnection in the BH accretion flow of radio-galaxies as a potential mechanism for cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration and VHE emission. To investigate if this scenario is able to account for the observed VHE data, we combine three numerical techniques to self-consistently model the accretion flow environment and the propagation of CRs plus electromagnetic cascades within the accretion flow zone. Here we apply our approach to the radio-galaxy Centaurus A and find that injection of CRs consistent with magnetic reconnection power partially reproduce the VHE data, provided that the accretion flow makes no substantial contribution to the radio-GeV components. The associated neutrino emission peaks at $\sim10^{16}$ eV and is two orders of magnitude below the minimum IceCube flux., To be published in the Proceedings of International Conference on Black Holes as Cosmic Batteries: UHECRs and Multimessenger Astronomy - BHCB2018 12-15 September, 2018, Foz du Iguazu, Brasil
Published: 2021

17. Electromagnetic and Neutrino Output from Magnetic Reconnection in Poynting Flux Dominated Jets

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, and Pankaj Kushwaha
Subjects: Physics, Particle acceleration, Jet (fluid), Magnetic energy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Poynting vector, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Cosmic ray, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Neutrino, Blazar, Computational physics
Abstract: Neutrino-emitting blazars may accelerate cosmic ray (CR) protons at the inner regions of the jet, where most of the magnetic energy is likely to be dissipated. In this picture, the spectrum of the neutrino output is shaped by the soft photon fields that the parent hadrons encounter before leaving the source. In this work, we build a lepto-hadronic emission model based on particle acceleration by magnetic reconnection along the jet propagation axis, in the transition from magnetically to kinetically dominated flow. We employ the reconnection striped jet model to obtain the jet properties at three characteristic emission regions and derive the associated electromagnetic and neutrino output. We also perform Monte Carlo simulations for the propagation of CR protons within the jet as an alternative method for calculating the neutrino flux. We apply this emission model to interpret the 2017 multi-messenger event from the blazar TXS 0506+056 and we also discuss applications of the model in the context of flat-spectrum radio quasars and BL Lac objects.
Published: 2021

18. Multimessenger Constraints on Intergalactic Magnetic Fields from Flaring Objects

Author: Rafael Alves Batista and Andrey Saveliev
Subjects: Physics, Intergalactic travel, Astrophysics
Abstract: The origin of magnetic fields in the Universe is an open problem. Seed magnetic fields possibly produced in early times may have survived up to the present day close to their original form, providing an untapped window to the primeval Universe. The recent observations of high-energy neutrinos from the blazar TXS 0506+056 in association with an electromagnetic counterpart in a broad range of wavelengths can be used to probe intrinsic properties of this object and the traversed medium. Here we show that intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) can affect the intrinsic spectral properties of this object reconstructed from observations. In particular, we point out that the reconstructed maximum gamma-ray energy of TXS 0506+056 can be significantly higher if IGMFs are strong. Finally, we use this flare to constrain both the magnetic-field strength and the coherence length of IGMFs.
Published: 2021

19. CRPropa 3.2: a framework for high-energy astroparticle propagation

Author: Günter Sigl, Julien Dörner, Arjen van Vliet, Rafael Alves Batista, Leander Schlegel, Christopher Heiter, Gero Müller, Mario R. Hoerbe, Björn Eichmann, Andrey Saveliev, Andrej Dundovic, Patrick Reichherzer, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Julia Becker Tjus, Lukas Merten, Tobias Winchen, Antonius Frie, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Field (physics), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, UHE, cascade: electromagnetic, Acceleration, Observatory, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], cosmic radiation: acceleration, Monte Carlo, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), cosmic radiation: propagation, Astronomy, landscape, Galaxy, particle: interaction, messenger, observatory, neutrino: detector, Cascade, gamma ray, galaxy, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The landscape of high- and ultra-high-energy astrophysics has changed in the last decade, in large part owing to the inflow of high-quality data collected by present cosmic-ray, gamma-ray, and neutrino observatories. At the dawn of the multimessenger era, the interpretation of these observations within a consistent framework is important to elucidate the open questions in this field. CRPropa 3.2 is a Monte Carlo code for simulating the propagation of high-energy particles in the Universe. This new version represents a step further towards a more complete simulation framework for multimessenger studies. Some of the new developments include: cosmic-ray acceleration, support for particle interactions within astrophysical sources, full Monte Carlo treatment of electromagnetic cascades, improved ensemble-averaged Galactic propagation, and a number of technical enhancements. Here we present some of these novel features and some applications to gamma- and cosmic-ray propagation., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)
Published: 2021
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20. High-energy neutrino production in clusters of galaxies

Author: Klaus Dolag, Rafael Alves Batista, Saqib Hussain, and Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino
Subjects: Structure formation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), education.field_of_study, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, Space and Planetary Science, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Production (computer science), Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Clusters of galaxies can potentially produce cosmic rays (CRs) up to very-high energies via large-scale shocks and turbulent acceleration. Due to their unique magnetic-field configuration, CRs with energy $\leq 10^{17}$ eV can be trapped within these structures over cosmological time scales, and generate secondary particles, including neutrinos and gamma rays, through interactions with the background gas and photons. In this work, we compute the contribution from clusters of galaxies to the diffuse neutrino background. We employ three-dimensional cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of structure formation to model the turbulent intergalactic medium. We use the distribution of clusters within this cosmological volume to extract the properties of this population, including mass, magnetic field, temperature, and density. We propagate CRs in this environment using multi-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations across different redshifts (from $z \sim 5$ to $z =0$), considering all relevant photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear interaction processes. We find that, for CRs injected with a spectral index $\alpha = 1.5 - 2.7$ and cutoff energy $E_\text{max} = 10^{16} - 5\times10^{17} \; \text{eV}$, clusters contribute to a sizeable fraction to the diffuse flux observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, but most of the contribution comes from clusters with $M \gtrsim 10^{14} \; M_{\odot}$ and redshift $ z \lesssim 0.3$. If we include the cosmological evolution of the CR sources, this flux can be even higher., Comment: 14 pages, 31 figures, journal paper
Published: 2021

21. Multimessenger Constraints on Intergalactic Magnetic Fields from the Flare of TXS 0506+056

Author: Andrey Saveliev and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Active galactic nucleus, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, High-energy astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Universe, Orders of magnitude (time), Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Intergalactic travel, Neutrino astronomy, Neutrino, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The origin of magnetic fields in the universe is an open problem. Seed magnetic fields possibly produced in early times may have survived up to the present day close to their original form, providing an untapped window to the primeval universe. The recent observations of high-energy neutrinos from the blazar TXS 0506+056 in association with an electromagnetic counterpart in a broad range of wavelengths can be used to probe intergalactic magnetic fields via the time delay between the neutrinos and gamma rays as well as the time dependence of the gamma-ray fluxes. Using extensive three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations, we present a novel method to constrain these fields. We apply it to TXS 0506+056 and, for the first time, derive constraints on both the magnetic-field strength and its coherence length, considering six orders of magnitude for each., Accepted ApJL, 2 figures, 7 pages
Published: 2020

22. Measurement of the cosmic-ray energy spectrum above 2.5×1018 eV using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Jaroslaw Stasielak, Ana Martina Botti, Marcus Niechciol, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Alexey Yushkov, Petr Schovánek, Pavel Horváth, Pedro Assis, Nataliia Borodai, Luis Lopes, Luis Nunez, Carla Bleve, Alberto Blanco, Katharine Mulrey, Antonella Castellina, Francesca Zuccarello, Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato, Emanuele De Vito, Jose Alfredo Bellido Caceres, Fausto Guarino, Jeffrey Brack, Kai Daumiller, Dariusz Gora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Alessio Gorgi, Peter Biermann, Teresa Bister, LORENZO CACCIANIGA, Beatriz Garcia, Bruce Dawson, Alena Bakalova, MASSIMO MASTRODICASA, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Stijn Buitink, Bernardo Tomé, Ana Laura Müller, Mario BUSCEMI, Francesco Salamida, Johannes Hulsman, Henryk Wilczyński, Michael Unger, Ronald Cintra Shellard, Miguel Mostafa, Achille Nucita, Frederic Sarazin, Paul Mantsch, Ruben Conceição, Roger Clay, Lukáš Václavek, Giovanni Marsella, Markus Roth, Jakub Jurysek, Lorenzo Cazon, Eva Dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Francesco Fenu, Dalibor Nosek, Rossella Caruso, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Huege, Antonio CONDORELLI, Orazio Zapparrata, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Denise Boncioli, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Martin Erdmann, Bruno Lazarotto Lago, Carlos José Todero Peixoto, Geraldina Golup, Jan Pękala, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Raul Sarmento, Enrique Varela, Antoine Letessier selvon, Vincenzo Rizi, Eleonora Guido, Pedro T. Abreu, Rafael Alves Batista, Arjen Van Vliet, and Jan Ebr
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Spectral index, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Flux, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Flattening, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Zenith
Abstract: We report a measurement of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays for energies above 2.5×1018 eV based on 215,030 events recorded with zenith angles below 60°. A key feature of the work is that the estimates of the energies are independent of assumptions about the unknown hadronic physics or of the primary mass composition. The measurement is the most precise made hitherto with the accumulated exposure being so large that the measurements of the flux are dominated by systematic uncertainties except at energies above 5×1019 eV. The principal conclusions are(1) The flattening of the spectrum near 5×1018 eV, the so-called "ankle,"is confirmed.(2) The steepening of the spectrum at around 5×1019 eV is confirmed.(3) A new feature has been identified in the spectrum: in the region above the ankle the spectral index γ of the particle flux (∝E-γ) changes from 2.51±0.03 (stat)±0.05 (syst) to 3.05±0.05 (stat)±0.10 (syst) before changing sharply to 5.1±0.3 (stat)±0.1 (syst) above 5×1019 eV.(4) No evidence for any dependence of the spectrum on declination has been found other than a mild excess from the Southern Hemisphere that is consistent with the anisotropy observed above 8×1018 eV.
Published: 2020

23. Features of the Energy Spectrum of Cosmic Rays above 2.5×1018 eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Jaroslaw Stasielak, Ana Martina Botti, Marcus Niechciol, Alberto Daniel Supanitsky, Alexey Yushkov, Petr Schovánek, Toshihiro Fujii, Pavel Horváth, Pedro Assis, Nataliia Borodai, Luis Lopes, Luis Nunez, Carla Bleve, Alberto Blanco, Katharine Mulrey, Antonella Castellina, Francesca Zuccarello, Felicia Carla Tiziana Barbato, Emanuele De Vito, Jose Alfredo Bellido Caceres, Fausto Guarino, Jeffrey Brack, Kai Daumiller, Dariusz Gora, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, Carola Dobrigkeit Chinellato, Alessio Gorgi, Peter Biermann, Teresa Bister, LORENZO CACCIANIGA, Beatriz Garcia, Bruce Dawson, Alena Bakalova, MASSIMO MASTRODICASA, Edivaldo Moura Santos, Stijn Buitink, Bernardo Tomé, Ana Laura Müller, Mario BUSCEMI, Francesco Salamida, Johannes Hulsman, Henryk Wilczyński, Michael Unger, Ronald Cintra Shellard, Miguel Mostafa, Achille Nucita, Frederic Sarazin, Paul Mantsch, Ruben Conceição, Roger Clay, Lukáš Václavek, Giovanni Marsella, Markus Roth, Jakub Jurysek, Lorenzo Cazon, Eva Dos Santos, Corbin Covault, Francesco Fenu, Dalibor Nosek, Rossella Caruso, Alexandra Saftoiu, Tim Huege, Antonio CONDORELLI, Orazio Zapparrata, Jaime Alvarez-Muniz, Denise Boncioli, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Martin Erdmann, Bruno Lazarotto Lago, Carlos José Todero Peixoto, Geraldina Golup, Jan Pękala, Maximilian Stadelmaier, Raul Sarmento, Enrique Varela, Antoine Letessier selvon, Vincenzo Rizi, Eleonora Guido, Pedro T. Abreu, Rafael Alves Batista, Arjen Van Vliet, and Jan Ebr
Subjects: 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published: 2020

24. Propagation of cosmic rays and their secondaries in the intracluster medium

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Klaus Dolag, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Saqib Hussain
Subjects: Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy, Intergalactic medium, Intracluster medium, Gamma ray, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Neutrino, Galaxy cluster
Abstract: We present results of the propagation of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) and their secondaries in the intracluster medium (ICM). To this end, we employ three-dimensional cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the turbulent intergalactic medium to explore the propagation of CRs with energies between 1014 and 1019 eV. We study the interaction of test particles with this environment considering all relevant electromagnetic, photohadronic, photonuclear, and hadronuclear processes. Finally, we discuss the consequences of the confinement of high-energy CRs in clusters for the production of gamma rays and neutrinos.
Published: 2020

25. The intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum of TXS 0506+056: intergalactic propagation effects

Author: Andrey Saveliev and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Electromagnetic spectrum, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Cosmic background radiation, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, Extragalactic background light, Space and Planetary Science, law, Intergalactic travel, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Flare
Abstract: The recent observation of high-energy neutrinos from the 2017 flare of the blazar TXS~0506+056, together with counterparts across the whole electromagnetic spectrum, opens up new possibilities for investigating the properties of this class of objects as well as the traversed medium. Propagation effects such as the attenuation of the very-high-energy gamma-ray component by the extragalactic background light are well known, and usually taken into account when fitting spectral energy distributions of objects. Other effects such as those of intergalactic magnetic fields are, however, often neglected. In this work, we present a comprehensive study of the influence of these fields and the extragalactic background light on the determination of the intrinsic gamma-ray spectrum of this blazar., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to match published version
Published: 2020

26. Propagation of Cosmic Rays and their Secondaries in the Intracluster Medium

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Saqib Hussain
Subjects: Physics, Turbulence, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Intracluster medium, Intergalactic medium, Monte Carlo method, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Neutrino
Abstract: We present results of the propagation of high-energy cosmic rays (CRs) in the intracluster medium (ICM). To this end, we employ three-dimensional cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations of the turbulent intergalactic medium to explore the propagation of CRs with energies between $10^{14}$ and $10^{19}$ eV. We study the interaction of test particles with this environment and compute the associated fluxes of CRs and neutrinos using a Monte Carlo simulations.
Published: 2019

27. Sub-parsec and parsec VHE emission from the core of LLAGNs

Author: Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: Physics, Accretion (meteorology), Radio galaxy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Synchrotron, law.invention, Parsec, Interstellar medium, Supernova, law, Spectral energy distribution, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: Radio galaxies with misaligned outflows emit radiation in the very-high-energy regime (VHE; >100 GeV). The standard synchrotron self-Compton scenario is not able to explain this emission. Alternative pictures to explain the production of VHE fluxes could be found in hadronic emission models. Here we consider cosmic-ray (CR) acceleration by magnetic reconnection in the immediate vicinity of the black hole engine and calculate the resulting hadronic emission at sub-parsec, and parsec scales. The former takes place basically due to the interaction of CRs with the inner accretion flow. The latter is due to CRs that escape their acceleration zone and diffuse within the dense interstellar medium at parsec scales. We constrain the power of CR injection by the available magnetic reconnection power of the system and apply this hadronic multi-scale emission scenario to model the VHE spectral energy distribution (SED) from core of Centaurus A. We find that the required CR power needed to explain the VHE cannot be provided only by magnetic reconnection power. On the other hand, CRs produced by magnetic reconnection together with CR injected by supernovae (SNe) during the past $10^4$ yr could explain most of the VHE SED assuming a rate of 10$^{-2}$ yr$^ {-1}$ SN events within the circumnuclear disc of this radiogalaxy.
Published: 2019

28. SAT-288 Successful Virilization of a PAIS Patient with a Missense Mutation In The Ligand-binding Domain Of The Androgen Receptor with Combined High-dose Testosterone and Aromatase Inhibitor

Author: Daniela A. Moraes, Maria Helena Sircili, Francisco V. Dénes, Berenice B. Mendonca, Nathalia Lisboa Gomes, Elaine Maria Frade Costa, Eduardo Ferreira, Lia Mesquita Lousada Quintao, Sorahia Domenice, José Antonio Faria Jr., and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Aromatase inhibitor, medicine.drug_class, Chemistry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Virilization, Ligand binding domain, Pediatric Sex Hormones, Androgen receptor, Endocrinology, Pediatric Endocrinology, Internal medicine, medicine, Missense mutation, medicine.symptom, Testosterone
Abstract: The main complain of patients with partial androgen insensitivity patients (PAIS) is undervirilization signs and the small penile length. Supplemental androgen therapy has enhanced virilization in only a few patients with PAIS. Aromatase inhibitors as anastrozole and letrozole are nonsteroidal inhibitors able to bind reversibly to the heme group of cytochrome P450 reducing estrogen and estrone levels and increasing LH and FSH levels and consequently testosterone levels. We hypothesized that the combination of high-dose testosterone with anastrozole can maintain a sustained elevated testosterone levels and also deviated testosterone metabolization from estrogen to DHT, therefore increasing penile length. Case Report This experimental treatment was proposed and both patient and parents willing to participate. Patient was firstly evaluated at 7 yrs of age. The hemizygous c.2599G>C; p.V867L AR in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) was found in both affected siblings. He was previously submitted to three unsuccessful genital masculinizing surgeries and bilateral orchidopexia. The external genitalia presented a microphalus (penile length of 2 cm, -4.5 SDS), perineal hypospadias and bilateral topic testis. He received testosterone cypionate (50 mg IM injections monthly, for 3 times at age of 7 and 200 mg IM injections monthly, for 4 times at age of 8); topic DHT gel (5-10 g/daily for three months at age of 7 yrs). At age of 12.3 yrs, the genital masculinization surgeries were completed, penile length was 3.5 cm (-2.6 SDS), testicular size of 2.6x1.5 cm and pubic hair Tanner II stage. LH and FSH levels were (9.4 and 3.2 IU/L respectively), testosterone (304 ng/dL), DHT (26 ng/dL) and estradiol (
Published: 2019

29. SUN-018 Epigenetic Loss of the PIWI/piRNA Machinery in Gonadal Tumors in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Elaine Maria Frade Costa, Mirian Yumie Nishi, Andresa Rodrigues, Berenice B. Mendonca, and Sorahia Domenice
Subjects: endocrine system, urogenital system, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Gonadal tumors, Steroid and Nuclear Receptors in Cancer and Physiology, Cancer research, medicine, Piwi-interacting RNA, Androgen insensitivity syndrome, Epigenetics, Biology, Steroid Hormones and Receptors, medicine.disease
Abstract: Abstract: There is a high frequency of Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (TGCT) in 46,XY individuals with disorders of sexual development (46,XY DSD), which include Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS). That TGCT risk leads to pragmatic gonadectomy in these patients with several further implications. A better knowledge of TGCT tumorigenesis would be helpful either for alternative treatments or tumoral markers. Retrotransposons are mobile DNA elements that duplicate by retrotransposition, a “copy and paste” mechanism using an RNA intermediate. They composed around 50% of whole human genome. Retrotransposition has been proven as a tumorigenic mechanism in several human cancer cases due to its ability to cause genomic instability. Despite of that high frequency, they are repressed by DNA methylation through the piRNA pathway. The loss of that methylation could cause retrotransposons derepression and further tumor development. In order to analyze a possible role for epigenetic loss of piRNA machinery in seminomas from AIS patients, we performed a methylation analyses using bisulfite modification coupled to pyrosequencing of the 5’ end promoter CpG islands of the main PIWI protein genes (PIWI1, PIWI2 and PIWI4) and of the transposable element LINE-1 (long intersped element - 1) in gonads samples with anatomopathological seminoma from patients with proved AIS (AR mutations: c.2521C>G and c.384_385delGA; both with complete AIS). As control, we used the contralateral gonad of those patients, without any evidence of gonadal tumor. All samples were analyzed in quintuplicate. The methylation status was analyzed using QUMA webtool. The methylation of each CpG island was compared between tumoral versusnon-tumoral gonads. There was a hypermethylation of the PIWI protein genes (1, 2 and 4; p=0.03, 0.001, and 0.01 respectively). RT-PCR of PIWI genes showed a reduced expression of PIWI genes in tumoral samples in comparison with non-tumoral samples (1, 2, and 4; p=0.01, 0.02, and 0.0005 respectively). The opposite (hypomethylation) occurred with LINE-1 sequencing in tumoral samples (p
Published: 2019

30. MON-245 Sexuality and Fertility Issues in 46,XY Disorders of Sex Development Individuals

Author: Berenice B. Mendonca, Sorahia Domenice, Rafael Alves Batista, José Antonio Faria Jr., Nathalia Lisboa Gomes, Vinicius Nahime Brito, Marlene Inácio, Elaine Maria Frade Costa, and Daniela A. Moraes
Subjects: Pediatric Endocrinology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, media_common.quotation_subject, Pediatric Puberty, Ovarian Function, Transgender Medicine, and Obesity, medicine, Human sexuality, Fertility, Disorders of sex development, medicine.disease, Psychology, media_common, Demography
Abstract: Abstract: The sexuality of 46,XY DSD individuals can be affected by several factors as external genitalia appearance, negative body image, traumas, social stigma, and previous genital surgery. Previous studies has been reported an impaired sexual quality of life (SexQoL) in 46,XY DSD individuals in comparison with controls. To observe aspects regarding sexual life, 144 individuals with 46,XY DSD (100 female; 44 male) were enrolled in this study. All of them were adults (>16 years old) and had completed all surgical treatments. Sexual life and fertility issues were assessed using self-developed questionnaire with likert-scale questions. Sexual orientation was assessed on the basis of orientation, sexual behavior and sexual attraction. For comparison, the cohort was divided into 3 subgroups (A: gender at adulthood; B: genitalia appearance at birth; and C: male individuals at adulthood who were assigned as male versus who changed from female to male). About fertility issues, 12 individuals (8%) had children (7 male; 5 female). 10 out of 12 were adopted children and 2 patients had children by Intravaginal insemination (IVI). Desire of fertility was similar in women and men (78.3%, 80.7% respectively; p = NS). Fear of rejection due to infertility was reported by 28% (34 out of 117). More women than men considered infertility a barrier to a steady relationship (p=0.04). Regarding sexual orientation, more than 90% referred themselves as heterosexual. Homosexuality was reported by 4% in both genders. Most 46,XY DSD women reported androphilic sexual attraction and female sexual behavior (have sex with male partners), regardless of the appearance of external genitalia. The opposite (gynephilic sexual attraction and male sexual behavior) was observed in most male patients either in individuals who were assigned male at birth and in individuals who changed from female to male. Regarding sexual life, there was significant difference between males and females on sexual fantasies, masturbation practice and fixed sexual partner, which were more frequent in males. Nevertheless, both gender reported a similar sexual life satisfaction (76% and 80%). All sexual parameters were similar comparing individuals who changed from female to male and who were assigned as male. In conclusion, sexual life satisfaction was reported by the majority of adult patients with 46,XY DSD in both gender. Among female patients, the appearance of external genitalia did not influence on sexuality, once the surgical correction of atypical genitalia have been performed. In male individuals, the sexual life was similar either if they were assigned as male or changed for that gender later. Fertility desire was common among 46,XY DSD people, regardless of gender or 46,XY etiology, which should be taken into consideration in the 46,XY DSD management.
Published: 2019

31. Determining the fraction of cosmic-ray protons at ultra-high energies with cosmogenic neutrinos

Author: Arjen van Vliet, Rafael Alves Batista, and Jörg R. Hörandel
Subjects: Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Hadron, photon pi, Cosmic background radiation, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, burst [gamma ray], Cosmic ray, primary [cosmic radiation], Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, power spectrum, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, IceCube, cosmic radiation [p], formation [star], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, luminosity, AGN, detector [neutrino], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, model [interaction], photon, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, flux [neutrino], Auger, Neutrino detector, 13. Climate action, current [neutrino], ARIANNA, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Gamma-ray burst, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Cosmogenic neutrinos are produced when ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) interact with cosmological photon fields. Limits on the diffuse flux of these neutrinos can be used to constrain the fraction of protons arriving at Earth with energies $E_{p} \gtrsim 30$ EeV, thereby providing constraints on the composition of UHECRs without fully relying on hadronic interaction models. We show to which extent current neutrino telescopes already constrain this fraction of protons and discuss the prospects for next-generation detectors to further constrain it. Additionally, we discuss the implications of these limits for several popular candidates for UHECR source classes., 5 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; Published in PRD, updated to match published version
Published: 2019
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32. Secondary neutrino and gamma-ray fluxes from SimProp and CRPropa

Author: Arjen van Vliet, Rafael Alves Batista, Denise Boncioli, and Armando di Matteo
Subjects: electron, Photon, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Monte Carlo method, UHE [cosmic radiation], FOS: Physical sciences, background [photon], Cosmic ray, ultra high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Positron, propagation, 0103 physical sciences, flux [gamma ray], ddc:530, cosmic radiation: UHE, gamma ray: flux, spectrum [cosmic radiation], photon: flux, Monte Carlo, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), flux [photon], Physics, secondary [neutrino], cosmic radiation: spectrum, ultra high energy photons and neutrinos, cross section, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Extragalactic background light, Photodisintegration, neutrino: secondary, positron, photon: background, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract: Journal of cosmology and astroparticle physics 1905(05), 006 (2019). doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2019/05/006, The interactions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with background photons in extragalactic space generate high-energy neutrinos and photons. Simulating UHECR propagation requires assumptions about physical quantities such as the spectrum of the extragalactic background light (EBL) and photodisintegration cross sections. These assumptions, as well as the approximations used in the codes, may influence the computed predictions both of cosmic-ray spectra and composition, and of cosmogenic neutrino and photon fluxes. Following up on our previous work where we studied the resulting uncertainties on cosmic-ray simulations, here we quantify those on neutrinos and photons, using the Monte Carlo codes CRPropa and SimProp in various source scenarios. We discuss the results in the light of the constraining power of the neutrino and photon spectra on the origin of the UHECRs. We show that cosmogenic neutrino fluxes are more sensitive to the parametrization of the EBL than UHECR spectra, whereas the overall cosmogenic gamma-ray production rates are relatively independent on details of the propagation. We also find large differences between neutrino fluxes predicted by the latest released versions of CRPropa and SimProp, and discuss their causes and possible improvements in future versions of the codes., Published by IOP, London
Published: 2019
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33. The impact of plasma instabilities on the spectra of TeV blazars

Author: Andrey Saveliev, Rafael Alves Batista, and Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, Compton scattering, Gamma ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysical jet, Extragalactic background light, RAIOS GAMA, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Intergalactic travel, Blazar, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics
Abstract: Relativistic jets from blazars are known to be sources of very-high-energy gamma rays (VHEGRs). During their propagation in the intergalactic space, VHEGRs interact with pervasive cosmological photon fields such as the extragalactic background light (EBL) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), producing electron-positron pairs. These pairs can upscatter CMB/EBL photons to high energies via inverse Compton scattering, thereby continuing the cascade process. This is often used to set limits on intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs). However, the picture may change if plasma instabilities, arising due to the interaction of the pairs with the intergalactic medium (IGM), cool down the electrons/positrons faster than inverse Compton scattering. As a consequence, the kinetic energy lost by the pairs to the IGM could cause a hardening in the observed gamma-ray spectrum at energies below $\sim$100 GeV. Here we study several types and models of instabilities and assess their impact for interpreting observations of distant blazars. Our results suggest that plasma instabilities can describe the spectra of some blazars and mimic the effects of IGMFs, depending on parameters such as intrinsic spectrum of the object, the density and temperature of the IGM, and the luminosity of the beam. On the other hand, we find that for our fiducial set of parameters plasma instabilities do not have a major impact on the spectra of some of the blazars studied. Therefore, they may be used for constraining IGMFs., 14 pages, 8 figures; minor changes to match published version
Published: 2019

34. Open Questions in Cosmic-Ray Research at Ultrahigh Energies

Author: Angela V. Olinto, Ke Fang, Klaus Dolag, Guenter Sigl, Rafael Alves Batista, Foteini Oikonomou, Ralph Engel, Kohta Murase, Andrew M. Taylor, Dmitriy Kostunin, Jonathan Biteau, Michael Unger, Mikhail Panasyuk, Mauricio Bustamante, Miguel Mostafá, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics beyond the Standard Model, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, mass spectrum, hadronic interactions, lcsh:QB1-991, neutrino, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Intergalactic magnetic field, media_common, astro-ph.HE, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), cosmic radiation: spectrum, new physics, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ultrahigh-energy-cosmic-ray anisotropy, trajectory, Neutrino, ddc:620, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mass composition of cosmic rays, mass composition, extensive air shower detectors, lcsh:Astronomy, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, intergalactic magnetic fields, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, anisotropy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Mass composition, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, cosmic radiation: UHE, Neutral particle, extrensive-air-shower detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, ultrahigh energy neutrinos, lcsh:QC801-809, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, magnetic field: effect, Galaxy, Universe, ultrahigh energy cosmic rays, neutral particle, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, gamma ray, hadronic interactions at ultrahigh energies, galaxy, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: We review open questions and prospects for progress in ultrahigh-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) research, based on a series of discussions that took place during the `The High-Energy Universe: Gamma-Ray, Neutrino, and Cosmic-ray Astronomy' MIAPP workshop in 2018. Specifically, we overview open questions on the origin of the bulk of UHECRs, the UHECR mass composition, the origin of the end of the cosmic-ray spectrum, the transition from Galactic to extragalactic cosmic rays, the effect of magnetic fields on the trajectories of UHECRs, anisotropy expectations for specific astrophysical scenarios, hadronic interactions, and prospects for discovering neutral particles as well as new physics at ultrahigh energies. We also briefly present upcoming and proposed UHECR experiments and discuss their projected science reach., 47 pages, 17 figures, Review to appear in "Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science" special issue, "Multi-Messenger Astrophysics: New Windows to the Universe"
Published: 2019

35. Studying cosmological $\gamma$-ray propagation with the Cherenkov Telescope Array

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, David Sanchez, Ievgen Vovk, Santiago Pita, Jonathan Biteau, Quentin Piel, Julien Lefaucheur, Manuel Meyer, Salvatore Mangano, Florian Gaté, Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CTA Consortium, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Photon, Active galactic nucleus, WISP, Cherenkov Telescope Array, Physics beyond the Standard Model, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, magnetic field, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, invariance: Lorentz, 01 natural sciences, cascade: electromagnetic, 0103 physical sciences, propagation, AGN, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, spatial resolution, attenuation, Physics, electron positron, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, background, new physics, Gamma ray, oscillation, sensitivity, violation: Lorentz, Pair production, pair production, Extragalactic background light, gamma ray: VHE, gamma ray, Intergalactic travel, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], signature
Abstract: The measurement of $\gamma$-rays originating from active galactic nuclei offers the unique opportunity to study the propagation of very-high-energy photons over cosmological distances. Most prominently, $\gamma$-rays interact with the extragalactic background light (EBL) to produce $e^+e^-$ pairs, imprinting an attenuation signature on $\gamma$-ray spectra. The $e^+e^-$ pairs can also induce electromagnetic cascades whose detectability in $\gamma$-rays depends on the intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF). Furthermore, physics beyond the Standard Model such as Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) or oscillations between photons and weakly interacting sub-eV particles (WISPs) could affect the propagation of $\gamma$-rays. The future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), with its unprecedented $\gamma$-ray source sensitivity, as well as enhanced energy and spatial resolution at very high energies, is perfectly suited to study cosmological effects on $\gamma$-ray propagation. Here, we present first results of a study designed to realistically assess the capabilities of CTA to probe the EBL, IGMF, LIV, and WISPs., Comment: All CTA contributions at arXiv:1709.03483
Published: 2017

36. Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays from tidally-ignited white dwarfs

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Joseph Silk, Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Tidal disruption event, star, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, supernova, black hole, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, cosmic radiation: UHE, Massive compact halo object, white dwarf, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, white dwarfs, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, nucleus, White dwarf, acceleration, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, black holes, Galaxy, Black hole, Supernova, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Globular cluster, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), tidal disruption events, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, galaxy, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) can be accelerated by tidal disruption events of stars by black holes. We suggest a novel mechanism for UHECR acceleration wherein white dwarfs (WDs) are tidally compressed by intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), leading to their ignition and subsequent explosion as a supernova. Cosmic rays accelerated by the supernova may receive an energy boost when crossing the accretion-powered jet. The rate of encounters between WDs and IMBHs can be relatively high, as the number of IMBHs may be substantially augmented once account is taken of their likely presence in dwarf galaxies. Here we show that this kind of tidal disruption event naturally provides an intermediate composition for the observed UHECRs, and suggest that dwarf galaxies and globular clusters are suitable sites for particle acceleration to ultra-high energies., 7 pages, 1 figure
Published: 2017

37. Cosmogenic gamma-rays and neutrinos constrain UHECR source models

Author: Arjen van Vliet, Jörg R. Hörandel, and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Spectral index, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma ray, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Redshift, Neutrino detector, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope
Abstract: We use CRPropa 3 to show how the expected cosmogenic neutrino and gamma-ray spectra depend on the maximum energy of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) at their sources, on the spectral index at injection and on the chemical composition of UHECRs. The isotropic diffuse gamma-ray background measured by Fermi/LAT is already close to touching upon a model with co-moving source evolution and with the chemical composition, spectral index and maximum acceleration energy optimized to provide the best fit to the UHECR spectrum and composition measured by the Pierre Auger Collaboration. Additionally, the detectable fraction of protons present at the highest energies in UHECRs, for experiments with sensitivities to the single-flavor neutrino flux at $\sim1$ EeV in the range of $\sim 10^{-8}$ - $10^{-10}$ GeV cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$, is shown as a function of the evolution of UHECR sources. Experiments that reach this sensitivity will be able to significantly constrain the proton fraction for realistic source evolution models., Comment: Proc. 35th ICRC, Busan, South Korea, PoS(ICRC2017)562
Published: 2017
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38. Implications of strong intergalactic magnetic fields for ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray astronomy

Author: Dmitri Semikoz, Min-Su Shin, Julien Devriendt, Rafael Alves Batista, Guenter Sigl, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Structure formation, satellite: Planck, media_common.quotation_subject, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, deflection, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, magnetic field, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Spectral line, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, structure, cosmic radiation: UHE, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, media_common, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, cosmic radiation: propagation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, formation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, Astronomy, Magnetic field, flux, 13. Climate action, Sky, symbols, Intergalactic travel, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We study the propagation of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays in the magnetised cosmic web. We focus on the particular case of highly magnetised voids ($B \sim \text{nG}$), using the upper bounds from the Planck satellite. The cosmic web was obtained from purely magnetohydrodynamical cosmological simulations of structure formation considering different power spectra for the seed magnetic field in order to account for theoretical uncertainties. We investigate the impact of these uncertainties on the propagation of cosmic rays, showing that they can affect the measured spectrum and composition by up to $\simeq 80\%$ and $\simeq 5\%$, respectivelly. In our scenarios, even if magnetic fields in voids are strong, deflections of 50 EeV protons from sources closer than $\sim\;$50 Mpc are less than $15^\circ$ in approximately 10-50% of the sky, depending on the distribution of sources and magnetic power spectrum. Therefore, UHECR astronomy might be possible in a significant portion of the sky depending on the primordial magnetic power spectrum, provided that protons constitute a sizeable fraction of the observed UHECR flux., 12 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2017

39. Propagation of UHECRs in the universe

Author: Peter Schiffer, Rafael Alves Batista, and Guenter Sigl
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), COSMIC cancer database, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Theoretical models, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Redshift, Magnetic field, Acceleration, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Adiabatic process, Instrumentation, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The origin, propagation, and mechanisms of acceleration of the ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are not yet well understood. Aiming for a better interpretation of the available experimental data, these data have to be confronted with theoretical models. A realistic simulation of the propagation of UHECRs in the universe should take into account all the relevant energy loss processes due to the interaction with astrophysical backgrounds, as well as the intervening cosmic magnetic fields. Cosmological effects, such as the redshift dependence of the photon backgrounds and the adiabatic expansion of the universe can play an important role in the aforementioned processes. Here we present results of simulations of the propagation of UHECR through the large scale structure of the universe considering cosmological and magnetic field effects simultaneously., Comment: Proceedings of RICAP 2013; 4 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2014

40. Very-high-energy Emission from Magnetic Reconnection in the Radiative-inefficient Accretion Flow of SgrA*

Author: Juan Carlos Rodríguez-Ramírez, Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: Physics, Accretion (meteorology), Point source, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Galactic Center, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Magnetic reconnection, Astrophysics, CENTRO GALÁCTICO, Space and Planetary Science, Radiative transfer, High Energy Stereoscopic System, Neutrino, Magnetohydrodynamics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: The cosmic-ray (CR) accelerator at the Galactic center (GC) is not yet established by current observations. Here we investigate the radiative-inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) of Sagittarius A∗; (SgrA∗;) as a CR accelerator assuming acceleration by turbulent magnetic reconnection, and derive possible emission fluxes of CRs interacting within the RIAF (the central ∼1013 cm). The target environment of the RIAF is modeled with numerical, general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics together with leptonic radiative transfer simulations. The acceleration of the CRs is not computed here. Instead, we inject CRs constrained by the magnetic reconnection power of the accretion flow and compute the emission/absorption of γ-rays due to these CRs interacting with the RIAF, through Monte Carlo simulations employing the CRPropa 3 code. The resulting very-high-energy (VHE) fluxes are not expected to reproduce the point source HESS J1745-290 as the emission of this source is most likely produced at parsec scales. The emission profiles derived here intend to trace the VHE signatures of the RIAF as a CR accelerator and provide predictions for observations of the GC with improved angular resolution and differential flux sensitivity as those of the forthcoming Cerenkov Telescope Array (CTA). Within the scenario presented here, we find that for mass accretion rates 10-7 M oyr-1, the RIAF of SgrA∗; produces VHE fluxes that are consistent with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) upper limits for the GC and potentially observable by the future CTA. The associated neutrino fluxes are negligible compared with the diffuse neutrino emission measured by the IceCube.
Published: 2019

41. On the measurement of the helicity of intergalactic magnetic fields using ultra-high-energy cosmic rays

Author: Andrey Saveliev and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Absolute value, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Helicity, Cosmology, Universe, Magnetic field, Intergalactic travel, Ultra-high-energy cosmic ray, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: The origin of the first magnetic fields in the Universe is a standing problem in cosmology. Intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) may be an untapped window to the primeval Universe, providing further constrains on magnetogenesis. We demonstrate the feasibility of using ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) to constrain the helicity of IGMFs by performing simulations of cosmic-ray propagation in simple magnetic field configurations. We show that the first harmonic moments of the arrival distribution of UHECRs may be used to measure the absolute value of the helicity and its sign., 25 pages, 11 figures; published version
Published: 2019

42. Search for ultra-high energy neutrinos with the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Rafael Alves Batista and Julio Lozano Bahilo
Subjects: Pierre Auger Observatory, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Solar neutrino, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Atmosphere, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Instrumentation, Identification criteria
Abstract: The Pierre Auger Observatory is sensitive to extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy neutrinos of all flavors as they interact with the atmosphere and inside the Earth's crust. These air showers display characteristic features that allow their identification. We report on recent searches for ultra-high-energy neutrinos at the Pierre Auger Observatory. We present the different identification criteria used, discuss the sources of background and systematic uncertainties, and place the corresponding limits on the neutrino fluxes.
Published: 2013

43. Relative likelihood for life as a function of cosmic time

Author: David Sloan, Abraham Loeb, and Rafael Alves Batista
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Lambda-CDM model, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Planetary habitability, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Stars, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: Is life most likely to emerge at the present cosmic time near a star like the Sun? We address this question by calculating the relative formation probability per unit time of habitable Earth-like planets within a fixed comoving volume of the Universe, dP(t)/dt, starting from the first stars and continuing to the distant cosmic future. We conservatively restrict our attention to the context of "life as we know it" and the standard cosmological model, LCDM. We find that unless habitability around low mass stars is suppressed, life is most likely to exist near 0.1 solar-mass stars ten trillion years from now. Spectroscopic searches for biosignatures in the atmospheres of transiting Earth-mass planets around low mass stars will determine whether present-day life is indeed premature or typical from a cosmic perspective., 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (JCAP)
Published: 2016

44. Probing Intergalactic Magnetic Fields with Simulations of Electromagnetic Cascades

Author: Rafael Alves Batista, Tanmay Vachaspati, Günter Sigl, and Andrey Saveliev
Subjects: dimension: 3, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Field strength, magnetic field, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, energy [gamma ray], 01 natural sciences, blazar, cascade: electromagnetic, magnetic [helicity], Magnetic helicity, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, electromagnetic [cascade], Blazar, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, gamma ray: energy, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), coherence: length, energy: high, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, gamma ray: halo, formation, Gamma ray, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], helicity: magnetic, Helicity, Magnetic field, halo [gamma ray], right-handed, field strength, length [coherence], 3 [dimension], Intergalactic travel, high [energy], sphere, Halo, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, performance
Abstract: Physical review / D D94(8), 083005 (2016). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.94.083005, We determine the effect of intergalactic magnetic fields on the distribution of high-energy gamma rays by performing three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of the development of gamma-ray-induced electromagnetic cascades in the magnetized intergalactic medium. We employ the so-called “Large Sphere Observer” method to efficiently simulate blazar gamma ray halos. We study magnetic fields with a Batchelor spectrum and with maximal left- and right-handed helicities. We also consider the case of sources whose jets are tilted with respect to the line of sight. We verify the formation of extended gamma ray halos around the source direction, and observe spiral-like patterns if the magnetic field is helical. We apply the Q-statistics to the simulated halos to extract their spiral nature and also propose an alternative method, the S-statistics. Both methods provide a quantitative way to infer the helicity of the intervening magnetic fields from the morphology of individual blazar halos for magnetic field strengths B≳10-15 G and magnetic coherence lengths Lc≳100 Mpc. We show that the S-statistics has a better performance than the Q-statistics when assessing magnetic helicity from the simulated halos., Published by APS, Woodbury, NY
Published: 2016

45. CRPropa 3 - a Public Astrophysical Simulation Framework for Propagating Extraterrestrial Ultra-High Energy Particles

Author: David Walz, Tobias Winchen, Martin Erdmann, Guenter Sigl, Daniel Kuempel, Andrej Dundovic, Gero Müller, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Rafael Alves Batista, and Arjen van Vliet
Subjects: Photon, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Interface (Java), Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Space (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Physical cosmology, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Computational physics, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the simulation framework CRPropa version 3 designed for efficient development of astrophysical predictions for ultra-high energy particles. Users can assemble modules of the most relevant propagation effects in galactic and extragalactic space, include their own physics modules with new features, and receive on output primary and secondary cosmic messengers including nuclei, neutrinos and photons. In extension to the propagation physics contained in a previous CRPropa version, the new version facilitates high-performance computing and comprises new physical features such as an interface for galactic propagation using lensing techniques, an improved photonuclear interaction calculation, and propagation in time dependent environments to take into account cosmic evolution effects in anisotropy studies and variable sources. First applications using highlighted features are presented as well., Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, version accepted for publication in JCAP
Published: 2016
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46. Energy estimation of cosmic rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

Author: Pierre Auger Collaboration (Alexander Aab (Siegen, U. )., Pedro Abreu (LIP, Lisbon &amp, Lisbon, IST), Marco Aglietta (IFSI, Turin), Eun-Joo Ahn (Fermilab), Imen Al Samarai (Orsay, IPN), Ivone Albuquerque (Sao Paulo, U. )., Ingomar Allekotte (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Balseiro, Inst., San Carlos de Bariloche), Patrick Allison (Ohio State, U. )., Alejandro Almela, (U. Tech. Natl., Argentina), Jesus Alvarez Castillo (Mexico, U. )., Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Rafael Alves Batista (Hamburg, U., II), Inst. Theor. Phys., amp, INFN, Michelangelo Ambrosio (Naples U., Naples), Amin Aminaei (Nijmegen, U., IMAPP), INFN, Gioacchino Alex Anastasi (Catania U., Catania), Luis Anchordoqui (Lehman, Coll. )., Sofia Andringa (LIP, INFN, Carla Aramo (Naples U., Fernando Arqueros (Madrid, U. )., Nicusor Arsene (Bucharest, U. )., Hernán Gonzalo Asorey (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, San Carlos de Bariloche &amp, Cantabria, U., Santander), Pedro Assis (LIP, Julien Aublin (Paris, U., VI-VII), Gualberto Avila (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Nafiun Awal (New York, U. )., Alina Mihaela Badescu (Bucharest, Polytechnic, Inst. )., Colin Baus (KIT, Karlsruhe, EKP), Jim Beatty (Ohio State, U. )., Karl Heinz Becker (Wuppertal, U. )., Jose A Bellido (Adelaide, U. )., Corinne Berat (LPSC, Grenoble), Mario Edoardo Bertaina (IFSI, Xavier Bertou (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Peter Biermann (Bonn, Max Planck, Inst., Radioastro, n. )., Pierre Billoir (Paris, U., Simon G Blaess (Adelaide, U. )., Alberto Blanco (LIP, Miguel Blanco (Paris, U., Jiri Blazek (Prague, Ins, t. Phys. )., INFN, Carla Bleve (Salento U., Lecce), Hans Blümer (KIT, Karlsruhe, IKP &amp, KIT, Karlsruhe, IKP), Martina Boháčová (Prague, Denise Boncioli (Gran Sasso), Carla Bonifazi (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Nataliia Borodai (Cracow, INP), Jeffrey Brack (Colorado State, U. )., Iliana Brancus (Bucharest, IFIN-HH), Thomas Bretz (Aachen, Tec, h. Hochsch. )., Ariel Bridgeman (KIT, Pedro Brogueira (LIP, Peter Buchholz (Siegen, U. )., CAFPE, Antonio Bueno (Granada U., Granada), Stijn Buitink (Nijmegen, U., INFN, Mario Buscemi (Naples U., Karen, S Caballero-Mora (Unlisted, FR), INFN, Barbara Caccianiga (Milan U., Milan), Lorenzo Caccianiga (Paris, U., Marina Candusso (Rome, U., Tor Vergata &amp, INFN, Rome2), Laurentiu Caramete (Bucharest, Space Sciences), Inst., Caruso, R, Antonella Castellina (IFSI, INFN, Gabriella Cataldi (Salento U., Lorenzo Cazon (LIP, INFN, Rosanna Cester (Turin U., Alan, G Chavez (IFM-UMSNH, Michoacan), Andrea Chiavassa (IFSI, Jose Augusto Chinellato (Campinas State, U. )., Jiri Chudoba (Prague, INFN, Marco Cilmo (Naples U., Roger W Clay (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Giuseppe Cocciolo (Salento U., INFN, Roberta Colalillo (Naples U., Alan Coleman (Penn State, U. )., INFN, Laura Collica (Milan U., INFN, Maria Rita Coluccia (Salento U., Ruben Conceição (LIP, Fernando Contreras (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Mathew J Cooper (Adelaide, U. )., Alain Cordier (Orsay, LAL), Stephane Coutu (Penn State, U. )., Corbin Covault (Case Western Reserve, U. )., James Cronin (Chicago, U., EFI), Richard Dallier (Station Radioastronomy, Nancay &amp, SUBATECH, Nantes), Bruno Daniel (Campinas State, U. )., Buenos Aires, Sergio Dasso (Buenos Aires U., IAFE), Kai Daumiller (KIT, Bruce R Dawson (Adelaide, U. )., Rogerio, M de Almeida (Niteroi, Fluminense, U. )., Sijbrand J de Jong (Nijmegen, U., IMAPP &amp, NIKHEF, Amsterdam), Giuseppe De Mauro (Nijmegen, U., Joao de Mello Neto (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., INFN, Ivan De Mitri (Salento U., Jaime de Oliveira (Niteroi, Vitor de Souza (Sao Paulo, U., Sao, Carlos), Luis del Peral (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Olivier Deligny (Orsay, Niraj Dhital (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Claudio Di Giulio (Rome, U., INFN, Armando Di Matteo (L'Aquila U., Aquila), Johana Chirinos Diaz (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Mary Lucia Díaz Castro (Campinas State, U. )., Francisco Diogo (LIP, Carola Dobrigkeit (Campinas State, U. )., Wendy Docters (Groningen, KVI), Juan Carlos D'Olivo (Mexico, U. )., Alexei Dorofeev (Colorado State, U. )., Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh (KIT, Rita dos Anjos (Sao Paulo, U., Maria Teresa Dova (La Plata, U. )., Jan Ebr (Prague, Ralph Engel (KIT, Martin Erdmann (Aachen, Mona Erfani (Siegen, U. )., Fermilab), Carlos O Escobar (Campinas State U., Joao Espadanal (LIP, Alberto Etchegoyen, (U. Tech. Natl., Heino Falcke (Nijmegen, U., Amsterdam &amp, ASTRON, Dwingeloo), Ke Fang (Chicago, U., Glennys Farrar (New York, U. )., Anderson Fauth (Campinas State, U. )., Norberto Fazzini (Fermilab), Andrew P Ferguson (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Brian Fick (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Juan Manuel Figueira, Alberto, Filevich, Andrej Filipčič (Stefan, Inst., Ljubljana &amp, Nova Gorica, U. )., Octavian Fratu (Bucharest, Martín Miguel Freire (IFIR, Rosario &amp, Rosario, U. )., Toshihiro Fujii (Chicago, U., Beatriz García, (Natl. Tech. U., San, Rafael), Diego Garcia-Gamez (Orsay, Diego Garcia-Pinto (Madrid, U. )., Florian Gate (SUBATECH, Hartmut Gemmeke (KIT, Karlsruhe, IPE), Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu (Bucharest, Piera Luisa Ghia (Paris, U., Ugo Giaccari (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., INFN, Marco Giammarchi (Milan U., Maria, Giller, Dariusz Głas (Lodz, U. )., Christian Glaser (Aachen, Henry Glass (Fermilab), Geraldina, Golup, Mariano Gómez Berisso (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Primo F Gómez Vitale (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Nicolás, González, Ben Gookin (Colorado State, U. )., Jacob Gordon (Ohio State, U. )., Alessio Gorgi (IFSI, Peter Gorham (Hawaii, U. )., Philippe Gouffon (Sao Paulo, U. )., Nathan Griffith (Ohio State, U. )., Aurelio Grillo (Gran Sasso), Trent D Grubb (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Fausto Guarino (Naples U., Germano Guedes (UEFS, Feira de Santana), Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia Hansen (La Plata, U. )., Diego Harari (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Thomas A Harrison (Adelaide, U. )., Sebastian Hartmann (Aachen, John Harton (Colorado State, U. )., Andreas Haungs (KIT, Thomas Hebbeker (Aachen, Dieter Heck (KIT, Philipp Heimann (Siegen, U. )., Alexander, E Herve (KIT, Gary C Hill (Adelaide, U. )., Carlos Hojvat (Fermilab), Nicholas Hollon (Chicago, U., Ewa Holt (KIT, Piotr Homola (Wuppertal, U. )., Jörg Hörandel (Nijmegen, U., Pavel Horvath (Palacky, U. )., Miroslav Hrabovský (Prague, Ins, t. Phys. &amp, Palacky U. )., Daniel Huber (KIT, Tim Huege (KIT, INFN, Antonio Insolia (Catania U., Paula Gina Isar (Bucharest, Ingolf Jandt (Wuppertal, U. )., Stefan Jansen (Nijmegen, U., Cecilia Jarne (La Plata, U. )., Jeffrey, A Johnsen (Colorado School of Mines), Mariela, Josebachuili, Alex Kääpä (Wuppertal, U. )., Olga Kambeitz (KIT, Karl Heinz Kampert (Wuppertal, U. )., Peter Kasper (Fermilab), Igor Katkov (KIT, Bianca Keilhauer (KIT, Ernesto Kemp (Campinas State, U. )., Roger Kieckhafer (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Hans Klages (KIT, Matthias Kleifges (KIT, Jonny Kleinfeller (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Raphael Krause (Aachen, Nicole Krohm (Wuppertal, U. )., Daniel Kuempel (Aachen, Gasper Kukec Mezek (Nova Gorica, U. )., Norbert Kunka (KIT, Alaa Metwaly Kuotb Awad (KIT, Danielle LaHurd (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Luca Latronico (IFSI, Robert Lauer (New Mexico, U. )., Markus Lauscher (Aachen, Pascal Lautridou (SUBATECH, Sandra Le Coz, Didier Lebrun (LPSC, Paul Lebrun (Fermilab), Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira (ABC Federal, U. )., Antoine Letessier-Selvon (Paris, U., Isabelle Lhenry-Yvon (Orsay, Katrin Link (KIT, Luis Lopes (LIP, Rebeca López (Puebla, U., Ins, t. Fis. )., Aida López Casado (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Karim Louedec (LPSC, Agustin, Lucero, Max Malacari (Adelaide, U. )., INFN, Manuela Mallamaci (Milan U., Jennifer Maller (SUBATECH, Dusan Mandat (Prague, Paul Mantsch (Fermilab), Analisa Mariazzi (La Plata, U. )., Vincent Marin (SUBATECH, CAFPE, Ioana Mariş (Granada U., Giovanni, Marsella, INFN, Daniele Martello (Salento U., Humberto Martinez (CINVESTAV, Oscar Martínez Bravo (Puebla, U., Diane Martraire (Orsay, Jimmy Masías Meza (Buenos Aires, U. )., Hermann-Josef Mathes (KIT, Sebastian Mathys (Wuppertal, U. )., James Matthews (Louisiana State, U. )., John Matthews (New Mexico, U. )., Giorgio Matthiae (Rome, U., Daniela Maurizio (Rio de Janeiro, CBPF), Eric Mayotte (Colorado School of Mines), Peter Mazur (Fermilab), Carlos Medina (Colorado School of Mines), Gustavo Medina-Tanco (Mexico, U. )., Rebecca Meissner (Aachen, Victor Mello (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Diego, Melo, Alexander Menshikov (KIT, Stefano Messina (Groningen, Maria Isabel Micheletti (IFIR, Lukas Middendorf (Aachen, Ignacio A Minaya (Madrid, U. )., INFN, Lino Miramonti (Milan U., Bogdan Mitrica (Bucharest, CAFPE, Laura Molina-Bueno (Granada U., Silvia Mollerach (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, François Montanet (LPSC, Carlo Morello (IFSI, Miguel Mostafá (Penn State, U. )., Celio A Moura (ABC Federal, U. )., Marcio Aparecido Muller (Campinas State, U. )., Gero Müller (Aachen, Sarah Müller (KIT, CAFPE, Sergio Navas (Granada U., Petr Necesal (Prague, Lukas Nellen (Mexico, U. )., Anna Nelles (Nijmegen, U., Jens Neuser (Wuppertal, U. )., Phong H Nguyen (Adelaide, U. )., Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu (Bucharest, Marcus Niechciol (Siegen, U. )., Lukas Niemietz (Wuppertal, U. )., Tim Niggemann (Aachen, Dave Nitz (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Dalibor, Nosek, Vladimir Novotny (Charles, U. )., Lyberis Nožka (Palacky, U. )., Luis Núñez (Cantabria, U., Livingstone Ochilo (Siegen, U. )., Foteini Oikonomou (Penn State, U. )., Angela Olinto (Chicago, U., Noelia Pacheco (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei (Campinas State, U. )., Miroslav Palatka (Prague, Juan Pallotta (LIDAR CITEFA), Philipp Papenbreer (Wuppertal, U. )., Gonzalo Parente (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Alejandra Parra (Puebla, U., Thomas Paul (Lehman, Coll. &amp, Northeastern U. )., Miroslav Pech (Prague, Jan Pękala (Cracow, Rodrigo Pelayo (Ulisted, MX), Iuri Pepe (Bahia, U. )., INFN, Lorenzo Perrone (Salento U., Emily Petermann (Nebraska, U. )., Christine Peters (Aachen, INFN, Sergio Petrera (L'Aquila U., Yevgeniy Petrov (Colorado State, U. )., Jamyang Phuntsok (Penn State, U. )., Ricardo Piegaia (Buenos Aires, U. )., Tanguy Pierog (KIT, Pablo Pieroni (Buenos Aires, U. )., Mário Pimenta (LIP, INFN, Valerio Pirronello (Catania U., Manuel, Platino, Matthias Plum (Aachen, Alessio Porcelli (KIT, Czeslaw Porowski (Cracow, Raul Ribeiro Prado (Sao Paulo, U., Paolo Privitera (Chicago, U., Michael Prouza (Prague, Eduardo, J Quel (LIDAR CITEFA), Sven Querchfeld (Wuppertal, U. )., Sean Quinn (Case Western Reserve, U. )., Julian Rautenberg (Wuppertal, U. )., Olivier Ravel (SUBATECH, Diego, Ravignani, Darius Reinert (Aachen, Benoît Revenu (SUBATECH, Jan Ridky (Prague, Markus Risse (Siegen, U. )., Pablo Ristori (LIDAR CITEFA), INFN, Vincenzo Rizi (L'Aquila U., Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Maria Dolores Rodríguez-Frías (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Dmytro Rogozin (KIT, Jaime Rosado (Madrid, U. )., Markus Roth (KIT, Esteban Roulet (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Adrian Rovero (Buenos Aires, Steven J Saffi (Adelaide, U. )., Alexandra Saftoiu (Bucharest, Humberto Salazar (Puebla, U., Ahmed Saleh (Nova Gorica, U. )., Francisco Salesa Greus (Penn State, U. )., Gaetano Salina (Rome, U., Jose Sanabria Gomez (Cantabria, U., Federico, Sánchez, CAFPE, Patricia Sanchez-Lucas (Granada U., Edivaldo Moura Santos (Sao Paulo, U. )., Eva Santos (Campinas State, U. )., Fred Sarazin (Colorado School of Mines), Biswaijt Sarkar (Wuppertal, U. )., Raul Sarmento (LIP, Christian Sarmiento-Cano (Cantabria, U., Ricardo, Sato, Carlos Scarso (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Markus Schauer (Wuppertal, U. )., INFN, Viviana Scherini (Salento U., Harald, Schieler, David Schmidt (KIT, Olaf Scholten (Groningen, Harm Schoorlemmer (Hawaii, U. )., Petr Schovánek (Prague, Frank, G Schröder, Alexander Schulz (KIT, Johannes Schulz (Nijmegen, U., Johannes Schumacher (Aachen, Sergio Sciutto (La Plata, U. )., Alberto Segreto (IASF, Palermo), Mariangela Settimo (Paris, U., Amir Shadkam (Louisiana State, U. )., Ronald, C Shellard (Rio de Janeiro, Guenter Sigl (Hamburg, U., Octavian Sima (Bucharest, U. )., Andrzej Śmiałkowski (Lodz, U. )., Radomir Šmída (KIT, Gregory Snow (Nebraska, U. )., Paul Sommers (Penn State, U. )., Sebastian Sonntag (Siegen, U. )., J Sorokin (Adelaide, U. )., Ruben Squartini (Pierre Auger, Observ. )., Yogendra N Srivastava (Northeastern, U. )., Denis Stanca (Bucharest, Samo Stanič (Nova Gorica, U. )., James Stapleton (Ohio State, U. )., Jaroslaw Stasielak (Cracow, Maurice Stephan (Aachen, Anne Stutz (LPSC, Federico Suarez, (U. Tech. Natl., Mauricio Suarez Durán (Cantabria, U., Tiina Suomijärvi (Orsay, A Daniel Supanitsky (Buenos Aires, Michael Sutherland (Ohio State, U. )., John Swain (Northeastern, U. )., Zbigniew Szadkowski (Lodz, U. )., Oscar Alejandro Taborda (Centro Atomico Bariloche &amp, Alex, Tapia, Andreas Tepe (Siegen, U. )., Vanessa Menezes Theodoro (Campinas State, U. )., Omar Tibolla (Unlisted, Charles Timmermans (Nijmegen, U., Carlos, J Todero Peixoto, Gabriel Toma (Bucharest, Lenka Tomankova (KIT, Bernardo Tomé (LIP, INFN, Aurelio Tonachini (Turin U., Guillermo Torralba Elipe (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Diego Torres Machado (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Petr Travnicek (Prague, Marta Trini (Nova Gorica, U. )., Ralf Ulrich (KIT, Michael Unger (KIT, New York, U. )., Martin Urban (Aachen, Jose F Valdés Galicia (Mexico, U. )., Ines Valiño (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., INFN, Laura Valore (Naples U., Guus van Aar (Nijmegen, U., Patrick van Bodegom (Adelaide, U. )., M van den Berg (Groningen, Ad, Sjoert van Velzen (Nijmegen, U., Arjen van Vliet (Hamburg, U., Enrique Varela (Puebla, U., Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas (Mexico, U. )., Gary Varner (Hawaii, U. )., Rafael Vasquez (Rio de Janeiro Federal, U. )., Jose R Vázquez (Madrid, U. )., Ricardo Vázquez (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Darko Veberič (KIT, Valerio Verzi (Rome, U., Jakub Vicha (Prague, Mariela, Videla, Luis Villaseñor (IFM-UMSNH, Brian Vlcek (Alcala de Henares, U. )., Serguei Vorobiov (Nova Gorica, U. )., Hernan Wahlberg (La Plata, U. )., Oscar Wainberg, (U. Tech. Natl., David Walz (Aachen, Alan, Watson, Marc Weber (KIT, Klaus Weidenhaupt (Aachen, Andreas Weindl (KIT, Christoph Welling (Aachen, Felix Werner (KIT, Allan Widom (Northeastern, U. )., Lawrence Wiencke (Colorado School of Mines), Henryk Wilczyński (Cracow, Tobias, Winchen, David Wittkowski (Wuppertal, U. )., Brian, Wundheiler, Sarka Wykes (Nijmegen, U., Lili Yang (Nova Gorica, U. )., Tolga Yapici (Michigan, Tech. U. )., Alexey Yushkov (Siegen, U. )., Enrique Zas (Santiago de Compostela, U. )., Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko Zavrtanik (Stefan, Inst., Arnulfo Zepeda (CINVESTAV, Benedikt Zimmermann (KIT, Michael Ziolkowski (Siegen, U. )., INFN, Francesca Zuccarello (Catania U., Catania), ), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pokala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Welling, C., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Pierre AUGER, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-10-LABX-0063,ILP,Institute Lagrange of Paris(2010), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), Elementary Particle Physics, Physics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ahn, E. . j., Albuquerque, I. . f. . m., Anastasi, G. . a., Badescu, A. . m., Beatty, J. . j., Becker, K. . h., Bellido, J. . a., Bertaina, M. . e., Biermann, P. . l., Blaess, S. . g., Bleve, Carla, Caballero Mora, K. . s., Chavez, A. . g., Chinellato, J. . a., Clay, R. . w., Colalillo, R., Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Cooper, M. . j., Covault, C. . e., Dawson, B. . r., de Almeida, R. . m., de Jong, S. . j., de Mello Neto, J. . r. . t., DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Diaz, J. . c., Díaz Castro, M. . l., D’Olivo, J. . c., dos Anjos, R. . c., Dova, M. . t., Escobar, C. . o., Fauth, A. . c., Ferguson, A. . p., Figueira, J. . m., Freire, M. . m., Ghia, P. . l., Gómez Vitale, P. . f., Grillo, A. . f., Grubb, T. . d., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. . p., Hampel, M. . r., Harrison, T. . a., Harton, J. . l., Herve, A. . e., Hill, G. . c., Hörandel, J. . r., Isar, P. . g., Johnsen, J. . a., Kampert, K. . h., Kieckhafer, R. . m., Klages, H. . o., Kuotb Awad, A. . w., Leigui de Oliveira, M. . a., Mariazzi, A. . g., Mariş, I. . c., Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Masías Meza, J. . j., Mathes, H. . j., Matthews, J. . a. . j., Mazur, P. . o., Mello, V. . b. . b., Micheletti, M. . i., Minaya, I. . a., Moura, C. . a., Muller, M. . a., Nguyen, P. . h., Núñez, L. . a., Pȩkala, J., Pepe, I. . m., Perrone, Lorenzo, Prado, R. . r., Quel, E. . j., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodríguez Frías, M. . d., Rovero, A. . c., Saffi, S. . j., Sanabria Gomez, J. . d., Santos, E. . m., Schröder, F. . g., Sciutto, S. . j., Shellard, R. . c., Snow, G. . r., Srivastava, Y. . n., Supanitsky, A. . d., Sutherland, M. . s., Taborda, O. . a., Theodoro, V. . m., Todero Peixoto, C. . j., Valdés Galicia, J. . f., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. . m., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Vázquez, J. . r., Vázquez, R. . a., Watson, A. . a., Research unit Astroparticle Physics, and Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics
Subjects: Cosmic ray showers, Astronomy, Ciencias Físicas, ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, radio energy estimation, CODALEMA, Observatory, Radio detection, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS, EMISSION, CODALEMA, COREAS, LOFAR, AIR SHOWERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, EXTENSIVE AIR-SHOWERS, RADIO EMISSION, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiant energy, Física, LOFAR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, Computational physics, Astronomía, COREAS, Earth's magnetic field, Air shower, Experimental High Energy Physics, EMISSION, MONTE-CARLO SIMULATIONS
Abstract: The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30-80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy - corrected for geometrical effects - is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2016

47. Measurement of the radiation energy in the radio signal of extensive air showers as a universal estimator of cosmic-ray energy

Author: Alaa Kuotb Awad, Benoît Revenu, James Matthews, Alexandra Saftoiu, Alberto Filevich, Peter Hansen, Ivan De Mitri, I. Lhenry-Yvon, John Matthews, Peter Buchholz, Philipp Papenbreer, Petr Travnicek, H. Wahlberg, A. Nelles, R. Piegaia, I.M. Brancus, Alan Coleman, T. Hebbeker, Trent D. Grubb, D. Huber, Marco Aglietta, Eun-Joo Ahn, S. Vorobiov, K. Weidenhaupt, E.M. Holt, B. Wundheiler, A. Saleh, A. Parra, R. J. Lauer, Juan Manuel Figueira, S. Jansen, Bruno Daniel, Maria-Teresa Dova, Foteini Oikonomou, M. R. Hampel, Peter Mazur, J. Sorokin, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Sarka Wykes, R. Meissner, Octavian Fratu, G. Parente, M. Trini, Roberta Colalillo, O. Wainberg, C. Bleve, P. Pieroni, S. Müller, Vincenzo Rizi, Nicusor Arsene, Julian Rautenberg, V. B. B. Mello, K. H. Becker, A. G. Mariazzi, Eric Mayotte, Jeffrey A. Johnsen, Sven Querchfeld, L. Perrone, R. C. Shellard, W. Docters, Carlos Hojvat, Ernesto Kemp, Xavier Bertou, Luis del Peral, Ugo Giaccari, Henryk Wilczyński, J. J. Beatty, Norbert Kunka, D. Nitz, Silvia Mollerach, D. Lebrun, S. Quinn, Sjoert van Velzen, Primo F. Gómez Vitale, R. Sato, S. Coutu, Norberto Fazzini, Antonio Bueno, Antonio Insolia, M. Josebachuili, Gualberto Avila, Ingomar Allekotte, G. Matthiae, Angela V. Olinto, O. Kambeitz, M. Ambrosio, Eva Santos, R. Krause, Jose Sanabria Gomez, M. Zavrtanik, Fred Sarazin, Lukas Nellen, B. Caccianiga, Julien Aublin, A. Shadkam, Amin Aminaei, Rafael Alves Batista, Jakub Vicha, Pedro Assis, Radomir Smida, Diego Harari, B. Gookin, P. H. Nguyen, Alberto Etchegoyen, Darius Reinert, Lorenzo Caccianiga, V. M. Theodoro, Tobias Winchen, D. Martello, Karen S. Caballero-Mora, Michael Unger, D. Melo, Luca Latronico, Guenter Sigl, D. Garcia-Pinto, Alessio Gorgi, Paul Sommers, A. Blanco, M. J. Cooper, S. Stanič, Carlos Medina, Tanguy Pierog, Mariano Gómez Berisso, D. Rogozin, Alejandro Almela, E. M. Santos, P. Heimann, Florian Gaté, J. R. Vázquez, Carla Bonifazi, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, A. C. Rovero, B. Tome, Marco Giammarchi, D. Garcia-Gamez, J. W. H. Gordon, Jose A. Bellido, L. Niemietz, S. Hartmann, Martin Erdmann, Jan Pękala, Hans Klages, A. Chiavassa, P. Sanchez-Lucas, Vitor de Souza, Bruce R. Dawson, Tim Huege, Carola Dobrigkeit, M. Plum, P. Abreu, Miguel Mostafá, C. Porowski, S. Sonntag, Markus Risse, Christian Sarmiento-Cano, B. Vlcek, Dariusz Glas, Diego Ravignani, O. A. Taborda, M. Settimo, M. Blanco, Mário Pimenta, Gregory R Snow, Pablo Ristori, P. H. Kasper, Gaetano Salina, Maria Rita Coluccia, Yogendra N. Srivastava, Alan Watson, Glennys R. Farrar, C. Jarne, A. Śmiałkowski, Andreas Weindl, Jaime Rosado, R. Cester, Alina Mihaela Badescu, F. Sánchez, N. Awal, Beatriz García, Jeffrey Brack, Olaf Scholten, Humberto Ibarguen Salazar, J. W. Cronin, Harald Schieler, Antoine Letessier-Selvon, C. Aramo, B. Mitrica, Heino Falcke, Nicolás González, Mihai Niculescu-Oglinzanu, Jonny Kleinfeller, K. Louedec, Arnulfo Zepeda, Armando di Matteo, G. Cocciolo, Roger W Clay, R. López, M. Mallamaci, F. G. Schröder, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Denise Boncioli, Jiri Chudoba, P. Lebrun, Alex Kääpä, Alberto Segreto, G. Toma, Benedikt Zimmermann, Rúben Conceição, R. Vasquez, Dusan Mandat, Colin Baus, Darko Veberič, D. Martraire, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Miroslav Hrabovský, T. Yapici, Alexey Yushkov, G. A. Anastasi, Pascal Lautridou, W. R. Carvalho, Dieter Heck, Martin Urban, G. S. Varner, Nataliia Borodai, Toshihiro Fujii, A. Menshikov, C. Morello, Jaroslaw Stasielak, Luis A. Anchordoqui, Markus Roth, N. Griffith, S. G. Blaess, Niraj Dhital, Jörg R. Hörandel, Thomas Harrison, Jaime de Oliveira, I. Valiño, H. Blümer, Max Malacari, Lili Yang, Laura Valore, L. Lopes, Lukas Middendorf, Corinne Berat, Piotr Homola, Lawrence Wiencke, Fausto Guarino, A. Filipčič, A. Aab, Johannes Schumacher, J. Neuser, Alex Tapia, Christine Peters, Ad M. van den Berg, Juan Pallotta, S. Le Coz, Jaime Alvarez-Muñiz, Alexandru Gherghel-Lascu, Mauricio Suaréz Durán, Petr Schovanek, L. Caramete, Rita dos Anjos, João de Mello Neto, H. Gemmeke, Peter L. Biermann, Sergio Sciutto, L. Ochilo, T. Suomijärvi, Karl-Heinz Kampert, Antonella Castellina, M. I. Micheletti, Federico Suarez, A. Schulz, J. Stapleton, L. Molina-Bueno, Q. Hasankiadeh, L. Tomankova, F. Arqueros, P. Necesal, Daniel Pakk Selmi-Dei, Imen Al Samarai, Martina Bohacova, David Walz, Johannes Schulz, Ruben Squartini, Paolo Privitera, F. Diogo, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Patrick van Bodegom, Esteban Roulet, Patrick Allison, I. A. Minaya, Hernán Asorey, John Swain, Thomas Bretz, R.R. Prado, Harm Schoorlemmer, John L. Harton, T. Paul, A. Lucero, Jan Ridky, Marc Weber, F. Werner, Katrin Link, Denis Stanca, Guus van Aar, D. Maurizio, A. P. Ferguson, Corbin Covault, Y. Petrov, Geraldina Golup, Alexander Grillo, Zbigniew Szadkowski, Alessio Porcelli, J. C. Diaz, Rodrigo Pelayo, Stijn Buitink, N. Hollon, Olivier Ravel, C. A. Moura, Jose F. Valdés Galicia, Brian Fick, Lino Miramonti, Luis A. Nunez, M. Buscemi, C. Scarso, C. Welling, Marcus Niechciol, V. Novotny, Arjen van Vliet, A. Stutz, E. Varela, Rossella Caruso, S. Mathys, M. Erfani, Eduardo Quel, Henry Glass, Michael Sutherland, Francisco Salesa Greus, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Piera Luisa Ghia, I. Jandt, Octavian Sima, Manuel Platino, M. D. Rodríguez-Frías, M. Schauer, N. Pacheco, Tim Niggemann, D. Nosek, Jan Ebr, V. Scherini, Jimmy Masías Meza, M. Candusso, Peter Gorham, Valerio Pirronello, Charles Timmermans, L. Collica, Sergio Petrera, Paul M. Mantsch, Miroslav Palatka, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, J. Blazek, Gustavo Medina-Tanco, Anderson Fauth, Vincent Marin, Rogerio M. de Almeida, M. E. Bertaina, B. Sarkar, Christian Glaser, S. Messina, Claudio Di Giulio, L. Nožka, J. Espadanal, Diego Torres Machado, Paula Gina Isar, Pedro Brogueira, G. Cataldi, Sergio Dasso, Martín Miguel Freire, P. Billoir, Aida López Casado, Carlos J. Todero Peixoto, G. Marsella, Daniel Kuempel, Carlos Escobar, R.M. Kieckhafer, Iuri Muniz Pepe, Maria Giller, Hermann-Josef Mathes, A. Cordier, Ivone F. M. Albuquerque, Ke Fang, Gašper Kukec Mezek, I. Katkov, Richard Dallier, Francesca Zuccarello, Kai Daumiller, Maurice Stephan, M. Ziolkowski, A. Tonachini, A.E. Herve, F. Montanet, J. Maller, V. Verzi, David Schmidt, S. Sánchez Navas, Jose Chinellato, Lorenzo Cazon, Ioana Codrina Maris, Ricardo Vázquez, Giuseppe De Mauro, G. C. Hill, Ralph Engel, Andreas Haungs, M. Videla, A. Daniel Supanitsky, Matthias Kleifges, H. Martinez, David Wittkowski, Germano Guedes, Danielle LaHurd, Olivier Deligny, Marcio Aparecido Muller, A. Dorofeev, L. Villaseñor, Marco Cilmo, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, A. Bridgeman, E. Petermann, S. J. Saffi, Markus Lauscher, J. Phuntsok, Raul Sarmento, M. Prouza, Bianca Keilhauer, A. G. Chavez, Enrique Zas, Sijbrand J. de Jong, Fernando Contreras, N. Krohm, Miroslav Pech, R. Ulrich, Pavel Horvath, P. Gouffon, Allan Widom, Danilo Zavrtanik, Gero Müller, Sofia Andringa, A. Tepe, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, Research unit Astroparticle Physics, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), Pierre Auger Collaboration, ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 328826,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,AUGER2FUTURE(2013), European Project: 246806,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IRSES,EPLANET(2011), Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Alves Batista, R., Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Beatty, J. J., Becker, K. H., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, R., Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, Roberta, Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Cronin, J., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., De Almeida, R. M., De Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., De Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., De Oliveira, J., De Souza, V., Del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., Dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Golup, G., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, Fausto, Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Herve, A. E., Hill, G. C., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui De Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Muller, M. A., Müller, G., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum, M., Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues De Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E., Santos, E. M., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, Laura, Van Aar, G., Van Bodegom, P., Van Den Berg, A. M., Van Velzen, S., Van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Welling, C., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aab A, Abreu P, Aglietta M, Ahn E J, Al Samarai I, Albuquerque I F M, Allekotte I, Allison P, Almela A, Alvarez Castillo J, Alvarez-Muñiz J, Alves Batista R, Ambrosio M, Aminaei A, Anastasi G A, Anchordoqui L, Andringa S, Aramo C, Arqueros F, Arsene N, Asorey H, Assis P, Aublin J, Avila G, Awal N, Badescu A M, Baus C, Beatty J J, Becker K H, Bellido J A, Berat C, Bertaina M E, Bertou X, Biermann P L, Billoir P, Blaess S G, Blanco A, Blanco M, Blazek J, Bleve C, Blümer H, Boháčová M, Boncioli D, Bonifazi C, Borodai N, Brack J, Brancus I, Bretz T, Bridgeman A, Brogueira P, Buchholz P, Bueno A, Buitink S, Buscemi M, Caballero-Mora K S, Caccianiga B, Caccianiga L, Candusso M, Caramete L, Caruso R, Castellina A, Cataldi G, Cazon L, Cester R, Chavez A G, Chiavassa A, Chinellato J A, Chudoba J, Cilmo M, Clay R W, Cocciolo G, Colalillo R, Coleman A, Collica L, Coluccia M R, Conceição R, Contreras F, Cooper M J, Cordier A, Coutu S, Covault C E, Cronin J, Dallier R, Daniel B, Dasso S, Daumiller K, Dawson B R, de Almeida R M, de Jong S J, De Mauro G, de Mello Neto J R T, De Mitri I, de Oliveira J, de Souza V, Del Peral L, Deligny O, Dhital N, Di Giulio C, Di Matteo A, Diaz J C, Díaz Castro M L, Diogo F, Dobrigkeit C, Docters W, D'Olivo J C, Dorofeev A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh Q, Dos Anjos R C, Dova M T, Ebr J, Engel R, Erdmann M, Erfani M, Escobar C O, Espadanal J, Etchegoyen A, Falcke H, Fang K, Farrar G, Fauth A C, Fazzini N, Ferguson A P, Fick B, Figueira J M, Filevich A, Filipčič A, Fratu O, Freire M M, Fujii T, García B, Garcia-Gamez D, Garcia-Pinto D, Gate F, Gemmeke H, Gherghel-Lascu A, Ghia P L, Giaccari U, Giammarchi M, Giller M, Głas D, Glaser C, Glass H, Golup G, Gómez Berisso M, Gómez Vitale P F, González N, Gookin B, Gordon J, Gorgi A, Gorham P, Gouffon P, Griffith N, Grillo A F, Grubb T D, Guarino F, Guedes G P, Hampel M R, Hansen P, Harari D, Harrison T A, Hartmann S, Harton J L, Haungs A, Hebbeker T, Heck D, Heimann P, Herve A E, Hill G C, Hojvat C, Hollon N, Holt E, Homola P, Hörandel J R, Horvath P, Hrabovský M, Huber D, Huege T, Insolia A, Isar P G, Jandt I, Jansen S, Jarne C, Johnsen J A, Josebachuili M, Kääpä A, Kambeitz O, Kampert K H, Kasper P, Katkov I, Keilhauer B, Kemp E, Kieckhafer R M, Klages H O, Kleifges M, Kleinfeller J, Krause R, Krohm N, Kuempel D, Kukec Mezek G, Kunka N, Kuotb Awad A W, Lahurd D, Latronico L, Lauer R, Lauscher M, Lautridou P, Le Coz S, Lebrun D, Lebrun P, Leigui de Oliveira M A, Letessier-Selvon A, Lhenry-Yvon I, Link K, Lopes L, López R, López Casado A, Louedec K, Lucero A, Malacari M, Mallamaci M, Maller J, Mandat D, Mantsch P, Mariazzi A G, Marin V, Mariş I C, Marsella G, Martello D, Martinez H, Martínez Bravo O, Martraire D, Masías Meza J J, Mathes H J, Mathys S, Matthews J, Matthews J A J, Matthiae G, Maurizio D, Mayotte E, Mazur P O, Medina C, Medina-Tanco G, Meissner R, Mello V B B, Melo D, Menshikov A, Messina S, Micheletti M I, Middendorf L, Minaya I A, Miramonti L, Mitrica B, Molina-Bueno L, Mollerach S, Montanet F, Morello C, Mostafá M, Moura C A, Muller M A, Müller G, Müller S, Navas S, Necesal P, Nellen L, Nelles A, Neuser J, Nguyen P H, Niculescu-Oglinzanu M, Niechciol M, Niemietz L, Niggemann T, Nitz D, Nosek D, Novotny V, Nožka L, Núñez L A, Ochilo L, Oikonomou F, Olinto A, Pacheco N, Pakk Selmi-Dei D, Palatka M, Pallotta J, Papenbreer P, Parente G, Parra A, Paul T, Pech M, Pȩkala J, Pelayo R, Pepe I M, Perrone L, Petermann E, Peters C, Petrera S, Petrov Y, Phuntsok J, Piegaia R, Pierog T, Pieroni P, Pimenta M, Pirronello V, Platino M, Plum M, Porcelli A, Porowski C, Prado R R, Privitera P, Prouza M, Quel E J, Querchfeld S, Quinn S, Rautenberg J, Ravel O, Ravignani D, Reinert D, Revenu B, Ridky J, Risse M, Ristori P, Rizi V, Rodrigues de Carvalho W, Rodriguez Rojo J, Rodríguez-Frías M D, Rogozin D, Rosado J, Roth M, Roulet E, Rovero A C, Saffi S J, Saftoiu A, Salazar H, Saleh A, Salesa Greus F, Salina G, Sanabria Gomez J D, Sánchez F, Sanchez-Lucas P, Santos E, Santos E M, Sarazin F, Sarkar B, Sarmento R, Sarmiento-Cano C, Sato R, Scarso C, Schauer M, Scherini V, Schieler H, Schmidt D, Scholten O, Schoorlemmer H, Schovánek P, Schröder F G, Schulz A, Schulz J, Schumacher J, Sciutto S J, Segreto A, Settimo M, Shadkam A, Shellard R C, Sigl G, Sima O, Śmiałkowski A, Šmída R, Snow G R, Sommers P, Sonntag S, Sorokin J, Squartini R, Srivastava Y N, Stanca D, Stanič S, Stapleton J, Stasielak J, Stephan M, Stutz A, Suarez F, Suarez Durán M, Suomijärvi T, Supanitsky A D, Sutherland M S, Swain J, Szadkowski Z, Taborda O A, Tapia A, Tepe A, Theodoro V M, Timmermans C, Todero Peixoto C J, Toma G, Tomankova L, Tomé B, Tonachini A, Torralba Elipe G, Torres Machado D, Travnicek P, Trini M, Ulrich R, Unger M, Urban M, Valdés Galicia J F, Valiño I, Valore L, van Aar G, van Bodegom P, van den Berg A M, van Velzen S, van Vliet A, Varela E, Vargas Cárdenas B, Varner G, Vasquez R, Vázquez J R, Vázquez R A, Veberič D, Verzi V, Vicha J, Videla M, Villaseñor L, Vlcek B, Vorobiov S, Wahlberg H, Wainberg O, Walz D, Watson A A, Weber M, Weidenhaupt K, Weindl A, Welling C, Werner F, Widom A, Wiencke L, Wilczyński H, Winchen T, Wittkowski D, Wundheiler B, Wykes S, Yang L, Yapici T, Yushkov A, Zas E, Zavrtanik D, Zavrtanik M, Zepeda A, Zimmermann B, Ziolkowski M, Zuccarello F, Aab, A, Abreu, P, Aglietta, M, Ahn, E. J, Al Samarai, I, Albuquerque, I. F. M, Allekotte, I, Allison, P, Almela, A, Alvarez Castillo, J, Alvarez Muñiz, J, Alves Batista, R, Ambrosio, M, Aminaei, A, Anastasi, G. A, Anchordoqui, L, Andringa, S, Aramo, C, Arqueros, F, Arsene, N, Asorey, H, Assis, P, Aublin, J, Avila, G, Awal, N, Badescu, A. M, Baus, C, Beatty, J. J, Becker, K. H, Bellido, J. A, Berat, C, Bertaina, M. E, Bertou, X, Biermann, P. L, Billoir, P, Blaess, S. G, Blanco, A, Blanco, M, Blazek, J, Bleve, Carla, Blümer, H, Boháčová, M, Boncioli, D, Bonifazi, C, Borodai, N, Brack, J, Brancus, I, Bretz, T, Bridgeman, A, Brogueira, P, Buchholz, P, Bueno, A, Buitink, S, Buscemi, M, Caballero Mora, K. S, Caccianiga, B, Caccianiga, L, Candusso, M, Caramete, L, Caruso, R, Castellina, A, Cataldi, G, Cazon, L, Cester, R, Chavez, A. G, Chiavassa, A, Chinellato, J. A, Chudoba, J, Cilmo, M, Clay, R. W, Cocciolo, G, Colalillo, R, Coleman, A, Collica, L, Coluccia, MARIA RITA, Conceição, R, Contreras, F, Cooper, M. J, Cordier, A, Coutu, S, Covault, C. E, Cronin, J, Dallier, R, Daniel, B, Dasso, S, Daumiller, K, Dawson, B. R, de Almeida, R. M, de Jong, S. J, De Mauro, G, de Mello Neto, J. R. T, DE MITRI, Ivan, de Oliveira, J, de Souza, V, Del Peral, L, Deligny, O, Dhital, N, Di Giulio, C, Di Matteo, A, Diaz, J. C, Díaz Castro, M. L, Diogo, F, Dobrigkeit, C, Docters, W, D'Olivo, J. C, Dorofeev, A, Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q, Dos Anjos, R. C, Dova, M. T, Ebr, J, Engel, R, Erdmann, M, Erfani, M, Escobar, C. O, Espadanal, J, Etchegoyen, A, Falcke, H, Fang, K, Farrar, G, Fauth, A. C, Fazzini, N, Ferguson, A. P, Fick, B, Figueira, J. M, Filevich, A, Filipčič, A, Fratu, O, Freire, M. M, Fujii, T, García, B, Garcia Gamez, D, Garcia Pinto, D, Gate, F, Gemmeke, H, Gherghel Lascu, A, Ghia, P. L, Giaccari, U, Giammarchi, M, Giller, M, Głas, D, Glaser, C, Glass, H, Golup, G, Gómez Berisso, M, Gómez Vitale, P. F, González, N, Gookin, B, Gordon, J, Gorgi, A, Gorham, P, Gouffon, P, Griffith, N, Grillo, A. F, Grubb, T. D, Guarino, F, Guedes, G. P, Hampel, M. R, Hansen, P, Harari, D, Harrison, T. A, Hartmann, S, Harton, J. L, Haungs, A, Hebbeker, T, Heck, D, Heimann, P, Herve, A. E, Hill, G. C, Hojvat, C, Hollon, N, Holt, E, Homola, P, Hörandel, J. R, Horvath, P, Hrabovský, M, Huber, D, Huege, T, Insolia, A, Isar, P. G, Jandt, I, Jansen, S, Jarne, C, Johnsen, J. A, Josebachuili, M, Kääpä, A, Kambeitz, O, Kampert, K. H, Kasper, P, Katkov, I, Keilhauer, B, Kemp, E, Kieckhafer, R. M, Klages, H. O, Kleifges, M, Kleinfeller, J, Krause, R, Krohm, N, Kuempel, D, Kukec Mezek, G, Kunka, N, Kuotb Awad, A. W, Lahurd, D, Latronico, L, Lauer, R, Lauscher, M, Lautridou, P, Le Coz, S, Lebrun, D, Lebrun, P, Leigui de Oliveira, M. A, Letessier Selvon, A, Lhenry Yvon, I, Link, K, Lopes, L, López, R, López Casado, A, Louedec, K, Lucero, A, Malacari, M, Mallamaci, M, Maller, J, Mandat, D, Mantsch, P, Mariazzi, A. G, Marin, V, Mariş, I. C, Marsella, Giovanni, Martello, Daniele, Martinez, H, Martínez Bravo, O, Martraire, D, Masías Meza, J. J, Mathes, H. J, Mathys, S, Matthews, J, Matthews, J. A. J, Matthiae, G, Maurizio, D, Mayotte, E, Mazur, P. O, Medina, C, Medina Tanco, G, Meissner, R, Mello, V. B. B, Melo, D, Menshikov, A, Messina, S, Micheletti, M. I, Middendorf, L, Minaya, I. A, Miramonti, L, Mitrica, B, Molina Bueno, L, Mollerach, S, Montanet, F, Morello, C, Mostafá, M, Moura, C. A, Muller, M. A, Müller, G, Müller, S, Navas, S, Necesal, P, Nellen, L, Nelles, A, Neuser, J, Nguyen, P. H, Niculescu Oglinzanu, M, Niechciol, M, Niemietz, L, Niggemann, T, Nitz, D, Nosek, D, Novotny, V, Nožka, L, Núñez, L. A, Ochilo, L, Oikonomou, F, Olinto, A, Pacheco, N, Pakk Selmi Dei, D, Palatka, M, Pallotta, J, Papenbreer, P, Parente, G, Parra, A, Paul, T, Pech, M, Pȩkala, J, Pelayo, R, Pepe, I. M, Perrone, Lorenzo, Petermann, E, Peters, C, Petrera, S, Petrov, Y, Phuntsok, J, Piegaia, R, Pierog, T, Pieroni, P, Pimenta, M, Pirronello, V, Platino, M, Plum, M, Porcelli, A, Porowski, C, Prado, R. R, Privitera, P, Prouza, M, Quel, E. J, Querchfeld, S, Quinn, S, Rautenberg, J, Ravel, O, Ravignani, D, Reinert, D, Revenu, B, Ridky, J, Risse, M, Ristori, P, Rizi, V, Rodrigues de Carvalho, W, Rodriguez Rojo, J, Rodríguez Frías, M. D, Rogozin, D, Rosado, J, Roth, M, Roulet, E, Rovero, A. C, Saffi, S. J, Saftoiu, A, Salazar, H, Saleh, A, Salesa Greus, F, Salina, G, Sanabria Gomez, J. D, Sánchez, F, Sanchez Lucas, P, Santos, E, Santos, E. M, Sarazin, F, Sarkar, B, Sarmento, R, Sarmiento Cano, C, Sato, R, Scarso, C, Schauer, M, Scherini, V, Schieler, H, Schmidt, D, Scholten, O, Schoorlemmer, H, Schovánek, P, Schröder, F. G, Schulz, A, Schulz, J, Schumacher, J, Sciutto, S. J, Segreto, A, Settimo, M, Shadkam, A, Shellard, R. C, Sigl, G, Sima, O, Śmiałkowski, A, Šmída, R, Snow, G. R, Sommers, P, Sonntag, S, Sorokin, J, Squartini, R, Srivastava, Y. N, Stanca, D, Stanič, S, Stapleton, J, Stasielak, J, Stephan, M, Stutz, A, Suarez, F, Suarez Durán, M, Suomijärvi, T, Supanitsky, A. D, Sutherland, M. S, Swain, J, Szadkowski, Z, Taborda, O. A, Tapia, A, Tepe, A, Theodoro, V. M, Timmermans, C, Todero Peixoto, C. J, Toma, G, Tomankova, L, Tomé, B, Tonachini, A, Torralba Elipe, G, Torres Machado, D, Travnicek, P, Trini, M, Ulrich, R, Unger, M, Urban, M, Valdés Galicia, J. F, Valiño, I, Valore, L, van Aar, G, van Bodegom, P, van den Berg, A. M, van Velzen, S, van Vliet, A, Varela, E, Vargas Cárdenas, B, Varner, G, Vasquez, R, Vázquez, J. R, Vázquez, R. A, Veberič, D, Verzi, V, Vicha, J, Videla, M, Villaseñor, L, Vlcek, B, Vorobiov, S, Wahlberg, H, Wainberg, O, Walz, D, Watson, A. A, Weber, M, Weidenhaupt, K, Weindl, A, Welling, C, Werner, F, Widom, A, Wiencke, L, Wilczyński, H, Winchen, T, Wittkowski, D, Wundheiler, B, Wykes, S, Yang, L, Yapici, T, Yushkov, A, Zas, E, Zavrtanik, D, Zavrtanik, M, Zepeda, A, Zimmermann, B, Ziolkowski, M, Elementary Particle Physics, and Physics
Subjects: Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, General Physics and Astronomy, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), CODALEMA, Observatory, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, Range (particle radiation), Radio detector, TUNKA-REX, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Radio Technique, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, radio emission, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Radio wave, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Physics and Astronomy (all), 0103 physical sciences, extensive air showers, High Energy Physics, ultra-high energy cosmic rays, extensive air showers, radio emission, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Cosmic rays, Pierre Auger Observatory, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Radiant energy, Física, LOFAR, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.3 [https], ASTROFÍSICA, SIMULATIONS, Computational physics, Astronomía, COREAS, Experimental High Energy Physics, ARRAY, EMISSION, SIMULATIONS, LOFAR, EMISSION
Abstract: We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8±0.7(stat)±6.7(syst) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principles calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory., La lista completa de autores que integran el documento puede consultarse en el archivo, Instituto de Física La Plata
Published: 2016

48. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array: Joint Contribution to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2015

Author: Icecube, Pierre, Auger, Aartsen, Telescope Array Collaborations (. M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Archinger, M., Arguelles, C., Arlen, T. C., Auffenberg, J., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Becker Tjus, J., Becker, K. H., Beiser, E., Benzvi, S., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blumenthal, J., Boersma, D. J., Bohm, C., Börner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., Böser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H. P., Buzinsky, N., Casey, J., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Cowen, D. F., Cruz Silva, A. H., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J. C., Day, M., de André, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., del Pino Rosendo, E., Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., Deyoung, T., Díaz Vélez, J. C., di Lorenzo, V., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eagan, R., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fadiran, O., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Fedynitch, A., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Fischer Wasels, T., Flis, S., Fösig, C. C., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gaior, R., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Gier, D., Gladstone, L., Glagla, M., Glüsenkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J. G., Góra, D., Grant, D., Groh, J. C., Groß, A., Ha, C., Haack, C., Haj Ismail, A., Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansmann, B., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hellwig, D., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfel, K., Homeier, A., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Huelsnitz, W., Hulth, P. O., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jero, K., Jurkovic, M., Kaminsky, B., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, J., Kheirandish, A., Kiryluk, J., Kläs, J., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., Koob, A., Köpke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, G., Kroll, M., Kunnen, J., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lesiak Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Leuner, J., Lu, L., Lünemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Matis, H. S., Maunu, R., Mcnally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Middell, E., Middlemas, E., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Morse, R., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Obertacke, A., Olivas, A., Omairat, A., O'Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Paul, L., Pepper, J. A., Pérez de los Heros, C., Pfendner, C., Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Posselt, J., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Pütz, J., Quinnan, M., Raab, C., Rädel, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Reimann, R., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Richter, S., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Saba, S. M., Sabbatini, L., Sander, H. G., Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Schatto, K., Scheriau, F., Schimp, M., Schmidt, T., Schmitz, M., Schoenen, S., Schöneberg, S., Schönwald, A., Schulte, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Shanidze, R., Smith, M. W. E., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stahlberg, M., Stamatikos, M., Stanev, T., Stanisha, N. A., Stasik, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., Stößl, A., Ström, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Ter Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Tešić, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vallecorsa, S., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Santen, J., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, C. h., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Whitehorn, N., Wichary, C., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wissing, H., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woschnagg, K., D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zoll, M., Aab, A., Abreu, P., Aglietta, M., Ahn, E. J., Al Samarai, I., Albuquerque, I. F. M., Allekotte, I., Allison, P., Almela, A., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Muñiz, J., Rafael Alves Batista, Ambrosio, M., Aminaei, A., Anastasi, G. A., Anchordoqui, L., Andringa, S., Aramo, C., Arqueros, F., Arsene, N., Asorey, H., Assis, P., Aublin, J., Avila, G., Awal, N., Badescu, A. M., Baus, C., Bellido, J. A., Berat, C., Bertaina, M. E., Bertou, X., Biermann, P. L., Billoir, P., Blaess, S. G., Blanco, A., Blanco, M., Blazek, J., Bleve, C., Blümer, H., Boháčová, M., Boncioli, D., Bonifazi, C., Borodai, N., Brack, J., Brancus, I., Bretz, T., Bridgeman, A., Brogueira, P., Buchholz, P., Bueno, A., Buitink, S., Buscemi, M., Caballero Mora, K. S., Caccianiga, B., Caccianiga, L., Candusso, M., Caramete, L., Caruso, Rossella, Castellina, A., Cataldi, G., Cazon, L., Cester, R., Chavez, A. G., Chiavassa, A., Chinellato, J. A., Chudoba, J., Cilmo, M., Clay, R. W., Cocciolo, G., Colalillo, R., Coleman, A., Collica, L., Coluccia, M. R., Conceição, R., Contreras, F., Cooper, M. J., Cordier, A., Coutu, S., Covault, C. E., Dallier, R., Daniel, B., Dasso, S., Daumiller, K., Dawson, B. R., de Almeida, R. M., de Jong, S. J., De Mauro, G., de Mello Neto, J. R. T., De Mitri, I., de Oliveira, J., de Souza, V., del Peral, L., Deligny, O., Dhital, N., Di Giulio, C., Di Matteo, A., Diaz, J. C., Díaz Castro, M. L., Diogo, F., Dobrigkeit, C., Docters, W., D'Olivo, J. C., Dorofeev, A., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Q., dos Anjos, R. C., Dova, M. T., Ebr, J., Engel, R., Erdmann, M., Erfani, M., Escobar, C. O., Espadanal, J., Etchegoyen, A., Falcke, H., Fang, K., Farrar, G., Fauth, A. C., Fazzini, N., Ferguson, A. P., Fick, B., Figueira, J. M., Filevich, A., Filipčič, A., Fratu, O., Freire, M. M., Fujii, T., García, B., García Gámez, D., Garcia Pinto, D., Gate, F., Gemmeke, H., Gherghel Lascu, A., Ghia, P. L., Giaccari, U., Giammarchi, M., Giller, M., Głas, D., Glaser, C., Glass, H., Gómez Berisso, M., Gómez Vitale, P. F., González, N., Gookin, B., Gordon, J., Gorgi, A., Gorham, P., Gouffon, P., Griffith, N., Grillo, A. F., Grubb, T. D., Guarino, F., Guedes, G. P., Hampel, M. R., Hansen, P., Harari, D., Harrison, T. A., Hartmann, S., Harton, J. L., Haungs, A., Hebbeker, T., Heck, D., Heimann, P., Hervé, A. E., Hojvat, C., Hollon, N., Holt, E., Homola, P., Hörandel, J. R., Horvath, P., Hrabovský, M., Huber, D., Huege, T., Insolia, A., Isar, P. G., Jandt, I., Jansen, S., Jarne, C., Johnsen, J. A., Josebachuili, M., Kääpä, A., Kambeitz, O., Kampert, K. H., Kasper, P., Katkov, I., Keilhauer, B., Kemp, E., Kieckhafer, R. M., Klages, H. O., Kleifges, M., Kleinfeller, J., Krause, R., Krohm, N., Kuempel, D., Kukec Mezek, G., Kunka, N., Kuotb Awad, A. W., Lahurd, D., Latronico, L., Lauer, R., Lauscher, M., Lautridou, P., Le Coz, S., Lebrun, D., Lebrun, P., Leigui de Oliveira, M. A., Letessier Selvon, A., Lhenry Yvon, I., Link, K., Lopes, L., López, R., López Casado, A., Louedec, K., Lucero, A., Malacari, M., Mallamaci, M., Maller, J., Mandat, D., Mantsch, P., Mariazzi, A. G., Marin, V., Mariş, I. C., Marsella, G., Martello, D., Martinez, H., Martínez Bravo, O., Martraire, D., Masías Meza, J. J., Mathes, H. J., Mathys, S., Matthews, J., Matthews, J. A. J., Matthiae, G., Maurizio, D., Mayotte, E., Mazur, P. O., Medina, C., Medina Tanco, G., Meissner, R., Mello, V. B. B., Melo, D., Menshikov, A., Messina, S., Micheletti, M. I., Middendorf, L., Minaya, I. A., Miramonti, L., Mitrica, B., Molina Bueno, L., Mollerach, S., Montanet, F., Morello, C., Mostafá, M., Moura, C. A., Müller, G., Muller, M. A., Müller, S., Navas, S., Necesal, P., Nellen, L., Nelles, A., Neuser, J., Nguyen, P. H., Niculescu Oglinzanu, M., Niechciol, M., Niemietz, L., Niggemann, T., Nitz, D., Nosek, D., Novotny, V., Nožka, L., Núñez, L. A., Ochilo, L., Oikonomou, F., Olinto, A., Pacheco, N., Pakk Selmi Dei, D., Palatka, M., Pallotta, J., Papenbreer, P., Parente, G., Parra, A., Paul, T., Pech, M., Pȩkala, J., Pelayo, R., Pepe, I. M., Perrone, L., Petermann, E., Peters, C., Petrera, S., Petrov, Y., Phuntsok, J., Piegaia, R., Pierog, T., Pieroni, P., Pimenta, M., Pirronello, V., Platino, M., Plum (ORNL, M., Oak, Ridge, Porcelli, A., Porowski, C., Prado, R. R., Privitera, P., Prouza, M., Quel, E. J., Querchfeld, S., Quinn, S., Rautenberg, J., Ravel, O., Ravignani, D., Reinert, D., Revenu, B., Ridky, J., Risse, M., Ristori, P., Rizi, V., Rodrigues de Carvalho, W., Rodriguez Rojo, J., Rodríguez Frías, M. D., Rogozin, D., Rosado, J., Roth, M., Roulet, E., Rovero, A. C., Saffi, S. J., Saftoiu, A., Salamida, F., Salazar, H., Saleh, A., Salesa Greus, F., Salina, G., Sanabria Gomez, J. D., Sánchez, F., Sanchez Lucas, P., Santos, E. M., Santos, E., Sarazin, F., Sarkar, B., Sarmento, R., Sarmiento Cano, C., Sato, R., Scarso, C., Schauer, M., Scherini, V., Schieler, H., Schmidt, D., Scholten, O., Schoorlemmer, H., Schovánek, P., Schröder, F. G., Schulz, A., Schulz, J., Schumacher, J., Sciutto, S. J., Segreto, A., Settimo, M., Shadkam, A., Shellard, R. C., Sigl, G., Sima, O., Śmiałkowski, A., Šmída, R., Snow, G. R., Sommers, P., Sonntag, S., Sorokin, J., Squartini, R., Srivastava, Y. N., Stanca, D., Stanič, S., Stapleton, J., Stasielak, J., Stephan, M., Stutz, A., Suarez, F., Suarez Durán, M., Suomijärvi, T., Supanitsky, A. D., Sutherland, M. S., Swain, J., Szadkowski, Z., Taborda, O. A., Tapia, A., Tepe, A., Theodoro, V. M., Tibolla, O., Timmermans, C., Todero Peixoto, C. J., Toma, G., Tomankova, L., Tomé, B., Tonachini, A., Torralba Elipe, G., Torres Machado, D., Travnicek, P., Trini, M., Ulrich, R., Unger, M., Urban, M., Valdés Galicia, J. F., Valiño, I., Valore, L., van Aar, G., van Bodegom, P., van den Berg, A. M., van Velzen, S., van Vliet, A., Varela, E., Vargas Cárdenas, B., Varner, G., Vasquez, R., Vázquez, J. R., Vázquez, R. A., Veberič, D., Verzi, V., Vicha, J., Videla, M., Villaseñor, L., Vlcek, B., Vorobiov, S., Wahlberg, H., Wainberg, O., Walz, D., Watson, A. A., Weber, M., Weidenhaupt, K., Weindl, A., Welling, C., Werner, F., Widom, A., Wiencke, L., Wilczyński, H., Winchen, T., Wittkowski, D., Wundheiler, B., Wykes, S., Yang, L., Yapici, T., Yushkov, A., Zas, E., Zavrtanik, D., Zavrtanik, M., Zepeda, A., Zimmermann, B., Ziolkowski, M., Zuccarello, F., Abbasi, R. U., Abe, M., Abu Zayyad, T., Allen, M., Azuma, R., Barcikowski, E., Belz, J. W., Bergman, D. R., Blake, S. A., Cady, R., Chae, M. J., Cheon, B. G., Chiba, J., Chikawa, M., Cho, W. R., Fukushima, M., Goto, T., Hanlon, W., Hayashi, Y., Hayashida, N., Hibino, K., Honda, K., Ikeda, D., Inoue, N., Ishii, T., Ishimori, R., Ito, H., Ivanov, D., Jui, C. C. H., Kadota, K., Kakimoto, F., Kalashev, O., Kasahara, K., Kawai, H., Kawakami, S., Kawana, S., Kawata, K., Kido, E., Kim, H. B., Kim, J. H., Kitamura, S., Kitamura, Y., Kuzmin, V., Kwon, Y. J., Lan, J., Lim, S. I., Lundquist, J. P., Machida, K., Martens, K., Matsuda, T., Matsuyama, T., Matthews, J. N., Minamino, M., Mukai, Y., Myers, I., Nagasawa, K., Nagataki, S., Nakamura, T., Nonaka, T., Nozato, A., Ogio, S., Ogura, J., Ohnishi, M., Ohoka, H., Oki, K., Okuda, T., Ono, M., Oshima, A., Ozawa, S., Park, I. H., Pshirkov, M. S., Rodriguez, D. C., Rubtsov, G., Ryu, D., Sagawa, H., Sakurai, N., Scott, L. M., Shah, P. D., Shibata, F., Shibata, T., Shimodaira, H., Shin, B. K., Shin, H. S., Smith, J. D., Sokolsky, P., Springer, R. W., Stokes, B. T., Stratton, S. R., Stroman, T. A., Suzawa, T., Takamura, M., Takeda, M., Takeishi, R., Taketa, A., Takita, M., Tameda, Y., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, K., Tanaka, M., Thomas, S. B., Thomson, G. B., Tinyakov, P., Tkachev, I., Tokuno, H., Tomida, T., Troitsky, S., Tsunesada, Y., Tsutsumi, K., Uchihori, Y., Udo, S., Urban, F., Vasiloff, G., Wong, T., Yamane, R., Yamaoka, H., Yamazaki, K., Yang, J., Yashiro, K., Yoneda, Y., Yoshii, H., Zollinger, R., and Zundel, Z.
Published: 2015

49. Searches for Large-Scale Anisotropy in the Arrival Directions of Cosmic Rays Detected above Energy of $10^{19}$ eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array

Author: Telescope, Array, Pierre Auger Collaborations (Alexander Aab, Pedro, Abreu, Marco, Aglietta, Eun Joo Ahn, Imen Al Samarai, Ivone, Albuquerque, Ingomar, Allekotte, Jeff, Allen, Patrick, Allison, Alejandro, Almela, Jesus Alvarez Castillo, Jaime Alvarez Muñiz, Rafael Alves Batista, Michelangelo, Ambrosio, Amin, Aminaei, Luis, Anchordoqui, Sofia, Andringa, Carla, Aramo, Victor Manuel Aranda, Fernando, Arqueros, Hernán Gonzalo Asorey, Pedro, Assis, Julien, Aublin, Maximo, Ave, Michel, Avenier, Gualberto, Avila, Nafiun, Awal, Alina Mihaela Badescu, Barber, Kerri B., Julia, Bäuml, Colin, Baus, Jim, Beatty, Karl Heinz Becker, Bellido, Jose A., Corinne, Berat, Mario Edoardo Bertania, Xavier, Bertou, Peter, Biermann, Pierre, Billoir, Blaess, Simon G., Miguel, Blanco, Carla, Bleve, Hans, Blümer, Martina, Boháčová, Denise, Boncioli, Carla, Bonifazi, Raffaella, Bonino, Nataliia, Borodai, Jeffrey, Brack, Iliana, Brancus, Ariel, Bridgeman, Pedro, Brogueira, Brown, William C., Peter, Buchholz, Antonio, Bueno, Stijn, Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, Caballero Mora, Karen S., Barbara, Caccianiga, Lorenzo, Caccianiga, Marina, Candusso, Laurentiu, Caramete, Caruso, Rossella, Antonella, Castellina, Gabriella, Cataldi, Lorenzo, Cazon, Rosanna, Cester, Chavez, Alan G., Andrea, Chiavassa, Jose Augusto Chinellato, Jiri, Chudoba, Marco, Cilmo, Clay, Roger W., Giuseppe, Cocciolo, Roberta, Colalillo, Alan, Coleman, Laura, Collica, Maria Rita Coluccia, Ruben, Conceição, Fernando, Contreras, Cooper, Mathew J., Alain, Cordier, Stephane, Coutu, Corbin, Covault, James, Cronin, Alex, Curutiu, Richard, Dallier, Bruno, Daniel, Sergio, Dasso, Kai, Daumiller, Dawson, Bruce R., de Almeida, Rogerio M., Manlio De Domenico, de Jong, Sijbrand J., Joao de Mello Neto, Ivan De Mitri, Jaime de Oliveira, Vitor de Souza, Luis del Peral, Olivier, Deligny, Hans, Dembinski, Niraj, Dhital, Claudio Di Giulio, Armando Di Matteo, Johana Chirinos Diaz, Mary Lucia Díaz Castro, Francisco, Diogo, Carola, Dobrigkeit, Wendy, Docters, Juan Carlos D'Olivo, Alexei, Dorofeev, Qader Dorosti Hasankiadeh, Maria Teresa Dova, Jan, Ebr, Ralph, Engel, Martin, Erdmann, Mona, Erfani, Escobar, Carlos O., Joao, Espadanal, Alberto, Etchegoyen, Pedro Facal San Luis, Heino, Falcke, Fang, Ke, Glennys, Farrar, Anderson, Fauth, Norberto, Fazzini, Ferguson, Andrew P., Mateus, Fernandes, Brian, Fick, Juan Manuel Figueira, Alberto, Filevich, Andrej, Filipčič, Brendan, Fox, Octavian, Fratu, Uwe, Fröhlich, Benjamin, Fuchs, Toshihiro, Fujii, Romain, Gaior, Beatriz, García, Sayri Tupac Garcia Roca, Diego Garcia Gamez, Diego Garcia Pinto, Gianpaolo, Garilli, Alberto Gascon Bravo, Florian, Gate, Hartmut, Gemmeke, Piera Luisa Ghia, Ugo, Giaccari, Marco, Giammarchi, Maria, Giller, Christian, Glaser, Henry, Glass, Mariano Gómez Berisso, Gómez Vitale, Primo F., Patrícia, Gonçalves, Gonzalez, Javier G., Nicolás, González, Ben, Gookin, Jacob, Gordon, Alessio, Gorgi, Peter, Gorham, Philippe, Gouffon, Stefan, Grebe, Nathan, Griffith, Aurelio, Grillo, Grubb, Trent D., Fausto, Guarino, Germano, Guedes, Matías Rolf Hampel, Patricia, Hansen, Diego, Harari, Harrison, Thomas A., Sebastian, Hartmann, John, Harton, Andreas, Haungs, Thomas, Hebbeker, Dieter, Heck, Philipp, Heimann, Herve, Alexander E., Hill, Gary C., Carlos, Hojvat, Nicholas, Hollon, Ewa, Holt, Piotr, Homola, Jörg, Hörandel, Pavel, Horvath, Miroslav, Hrabovský, Daniel, Huber, Tim, Huege, Antonio, Insolia, Paula Gina Isar, Ingolf, Jandt, Stefan, Jansen, Cecilia, Jarne, Mariela, Josebachuili, Alex, Kääpä, Olga, Kambeitz, Karl Heinz Kampert, Peter, Kasper, Igor, Katkov, Balazs, Kégl, Bianca, Keilhauer, Azadeh, Keivani, Ernesto, Kemp, Roger, Kieckhafer, Hans, Klages, Matthias, Kleifges, Jonny, Kleinfeller, Raphael, Krause, Nicole, Krohm, Oliver, Krömer, Daniel Kruppke Hansen, Daniel, Kuempel, Norbert, Kunka, Danielle, Lahurd, Luca, Latronico, Robert, Lauer, Markus, Lauscher, Pascal, Lautridou, Sandra Le Coz, Milton, Leão, Didier, Lebrun, Paul, Lebrun, Marcelo Augusto Leigui de Oliveira, Antoine Letessier Selvon, Isabelle Lhenry Yvon, Katrin, Link, Rebeca, López, Angeles Lopez Agüera, Karim, Louedec, Julio Lozano Bahilo, Lu, Lu, Agustin, Lucero, Marianne, Ludwig, Max, Malacari, Simone, Maldera, Manuela, Mallamaci, Jennifer, Maller, Dusan, Mandat, Paul, Mantsch, Analisa, Mariazzi, Vincent, Marin, Ioana, Mariş, Giovanni, Marsella, Daniele, Martello, Lilian, Martin, Humberto, Martinez, Oscar Martínez Bravo, Diane, Martraire, Jimmy Masías Meza, Hermann Josef Mathes, Sebastian, Mathys, James, Matthews, John, Matthews, Giorgio, Matthiae, Detlef, Maurel, Daniela, Maurizio, Eric, Mayotte, Peter, Mazur, Carlos, Medina, Gustavo Medina Tanco, Rebecca, Meissner, Maximilien, Melissas, Diego, Melo, Alexander, Menshikov, Stefano, Messina, Rishi, Meyhandan, Saša, Mićanović, Maria Isabel Micheletti, Lukas, Middendorf, Minaya, Ignacio A., Lino, Miramonti, Bogdan, Mitrica, Laura Molina Bueno, Silvia, Mollerach, Maria, Monasor, Delphine Monnier Ragaigne, François, Montanet, Carlo, Morello, Miguel, Mostafá, Moura, Celio A., Marcio Aparecido Muller, Gero, Müller, Sarah, Müller, Moritz, Münchmeyer, Roberto, Mussa, Gianni, Navarra, Sergio, Navas, Petr, Necesal, Lukas, Nellen, Anna, Nelles, Jens, Neuser, Nguyen, Phong H., Marcus, Niechciol, Lukas, Niemietz, Tim, Niggemann, Dave, Nitz, Dalibor, Nosek, Vladimir, Novotny, Lyberis, Nožka, Livingstone, Ochilo, Angela, Olinto, Micael, Oliveira, Noelia, Pacheco, Daniel Pakk Selmi Dei, Miroslav, Palatka, Juan, Pallotta, Nunzia, Palmieri, Philipp, Papenbreer, Gonzalo, Parente, Alejandra, Parra, Thomas, Paul, Miroslav, Pech, Jan, Pękala, Rodrigo, Pelayo, Iuri, Pepe, Lorenzo, Perrone, Emily, Petermann, Christine, Peters, Sergio, Petrera, Yevgeniy, Petrov, Jamyang, Phuntsok, Ricardo, Piegaia, Tanguy, Pierog, Pablo, Pieroni, Mário, Pimenta, Valerio, Pirronello, Manuel, Platino, Matthias, Plum, Alessio, Porcelli, Czeslaw, Porowski, Raul Ribeiro Prado, Paolo, Privitera, Michael, Prouza, Victor, Purrello, Quel, Eduardo J., Sven, Querchfeld, Sean, Quinn, Julian, Rautenberg, Olivier, Ravel, Diego, Ravignani, Benoît, Revenu, Jan, Ridky, Simone, Riggi, Markus, Risse, Pablo, Ristori, Vincenzo, Rizi, Washington Rodrigues de Carvalho, Iago Rodriguez Cabo, Gonzalo Rodriguez Fernandez, Jorge Rubén Rodriguez Rojo, Maria Dolores Rodríguez Frías, Dmytro, Rogozin, Germán, Ros, Jaime, Rosado, Tomas, Rossler, Markus, Roth, Esteban, Roulet, Adrian, Rovero, Saffi, Steven J., Alexandra, Saftoiu, Francesco, Salamida, Humberto, Salazar, Ahmed, Saleh, Francisco Salesa Greus, Gaetano, Salina, Federico, Sánchez, Patricia Sanchez Lucas, Santo, Catarina E., Edivaldo Moura Santos, Eva, Santos, Fred, Sarazin, Biswaijt, Sarkar, Raul, Sarmento, Ricardo, Sato, Nils, Scharf, Viviana, Scherini, Harald, Schieler, Peter, Schiffer, David, Schmidt, Olaf, Scholten, Harm, Schoorlemmer, Petr, Schovánek, Alexander, Schulz, Johannes, Schulz, Johannes, Schumacher, Sergio, Sciutto, Alberto, Segreto, Mariangela, Settimo, Amir, Shadkam, Shellard, Ronald C., Iván, Sidelnik, Guenter, Sigl, Octavian, Sima, Andrzej, Śmiałkowski, Radomir, Šmída, Gregory, Snow, Paul, Sommers, Sorokin, J., Ruben, Squartini, Srivastava, Yogendra N., Samo, Stanič, James, Stapleton, Jaroslaw, Stasielak, Maurice, Stephan, Anne, Stutz, Federico, Suarez, Tiina, Suomijärvi, Daniel Supanitsky, A., Michael, Sutherland, John, Swain, Zbigniew, Szadkowski, Marek, Szuba, Oscar Alejandro Taborda, Alex, Tapia, Mathieu, Tartare, Andreas, Tepe, Vanessa Menezes Theodoro, Charles, Timmermans, Todero Peixoto, Carlos J., Gabriel, Toma, Lenka, Tomankova, Bernardo, Tomé, Aurelio, Tonachini, Guillermo Torralba Elipe, Diego Torres Machado, Petr, Travnicek, Enrica, Trovato, Matias, Tueros, Ralf, Ulrich, Michael, Unger, Martin, Urban, Valdés Galicia, Jose F., Ines, Valiño, Laura, Valore, Guus van Aar, Patrick van Bodegom, van den Berg, Ad M., Sjoert van Velzen, Arjen van Vliet, Enrique, Varela, Bernardo Vargas Cárdenas, Gary, Varner, Vázquez, Jose R., Ricardo, Vázquez, Darko, Veberič, Valerio, Verzi, Jakub, Vicha, Mariela, Videla, Luis, Villaseñor, Brian, Vlcek, Serguei, Vorobiov, Hernan, Wahlberg, Oscar, Wainberg, David, Walz, Alan, Watson, Marc, Weber, Klaus, Weidenhaupt, Andreas, Weindl, Felix, Werner, Allan, Widom, Lawrence, Wiencke, Barbara, Wilczyńska, Henryk, Wilczyński, Martin, Will, Christopher, Williams, Tobias, Winchen, David, Wittkowski, Brian, Wundheiler, Sarka, Wykes, Tokonatsu, Yamamoto, Tolga, Yapici, Guofeng, Yuan, Alexey, Yushkov, Bruno, Zamorano, Enrique, Zas, Danilo, Zavrtanik, Marko, Zavrtanik, Ingyin, Zaw, Arnulfo, Zepeda, Jing, Zhou, Yue, Zhu, Marcelo Zimbres Silva, Michael, Ziolkowski, Francesca, Zuccarello, Rasha, Abbasi, Michihiko, Abe, Tareq Abu Zayyad, Monica, Allen, Robyn, Anderson, Ryuji, Azuma, Elliott, Barcikowski, Belz, John W., Bergman, Douglas R., Samuel Adam Blake, Robert, Cady, Min Jung Chae, Byung Gu Cheon, Junsei, Chiba, Michiyuki, Chikawa, Woo Ram Cho, Masaki, Fukushima, Takashi, Goto, William, Hanlon, Yoshio, Hayashi, Naoaki, Hayashida, Kinya, Hibino, Ken, Honda, Daisuke, Ikeda, Naoya, Inoue, Takaaki, Ishii, Rie, Ishimori, Hideo Ito (Utah, U., Riken, Dmitri, Ivanov, Jui, Charles C. H., Kenichi, Kadota, Fumio, Kakimoto, Oleg, Kalashev, Katsuaki, Kasahara, Hideyuki, Kawai, Saburo, Kawakami, Shingo, Kawana, Kazumasa, Kawata, Eiji, Kido, Hang Bae Kim, Ji Hee Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Seiji, Kitamura, Yuki, Kitamura, Vadim, Kuzmin, Young Joon Kwon, Jian, Lan, Sun In Lim, Jon Paul Lundquist, Kazuhiro, Machida, Kai, Martens, Takeshi, Matsuda, Toshio, Matsuyama, Matthews, John N., Mayuko, Minamino, Keijiro, Mukai, Isaac, Myers, Keisuke, Nagasawa, Shigehiro, Nagataki, Toru, Nakamura, Toshiyuki, Nonaka, Asuka, Nozato, Shoichi, Ogio, Jun, Ogura, Munehiro, Ohnishi, Hideyuki, Ohoka, Kaoru, Oki, Takeshi, Okuda, Masaomi, Ono, Akitoshi, Oshima, Shunsuke, Ozawa, Park, Il H., Pshirkov, Maxim S., Douglas Chase Rodriguez, Grigory, Rubtsov, Dongsu, Ryu, Hiroyuki, Sagawa, Nobuyuki, Sakurai, Sampson, Amanda L., Scott, Lauren M., Priti Dhanesh Shah, Fumiya, Shibata, Tatsunobu, Shibata, Hideaki, Shimodaira, Bok Kyun Shin, Smith, Jeremy D., Pierre, Sokolsky, Wayne Springer, R., Benjamin Taylor Stokes, Stratton, Sean R., Thomas, Stroman, Takumi, Suzawa, Mai, Takamura, Masahiro, Takeda, Ryuji, Takeishi, Akimichi, Taketa, Masato, Takita, Yuichiro, Tameda, Hideki, Tanaka, Koichi, Tanaka, Manobu, Tanaka, Thomas, Stanton B., Thomson, Gordon B., Peter, Tinyakov, Igor, Tkachev, Hisao, Tokuno, Takayuki, Tomida, Sergey, Troitsky, Yoshiki, Tsunesada, Kazuki, Tsutsumi, Yukio, Uchihori, Shigeharu, Udo, Federico, Urban, Gina, Vasiloff, Tiffany, Wong, Hiroshi, Yamaoka, Katsuya, Yamazaki, Jongmann, Yang, Kenta, Yashiro, Shigeru, Yoshida, Hisashi, Yoshii, Rhett, Zollinger, Zachary, Zundel, Shogo, Konishi, Shingo, Wachi, Yoshiki, Nishimoto, Heungsu, Shin, Mai, Tsujimoto, Tomoya, Matsuhira, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire SUBATECH Nantes (SUBATECH), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique Nucléaire d'Orsay (IPNO), PIERRE AUGER, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), A., Aab, P., Abreu, M., Aglietta, E. J., Ahn, I., Al Samarai, I. F. M., Albuquerque, I., Allekotte, J., Allen, P., Allison, A., Almela, J., Alvarez Castillo, J., Alvarez Mu?iz, R., Alves Batista, M., Ambrosio, A., Aminaei, L., Anchordoqui, S., Andringa, Aramo, Carla, F., Arquero, H., Asorey, P., Assi, J., Aublin, M., Ave, M., Avenier, G., Avila, A. M., Badescu, K. B., Barber, J., B?uml, C., Bau, J. J., Beatty, K. H., Becker, J. A., Bellido, C., Berat, M. E., Bertaina, X., Bertou, P. L., Biermann, P., Billoir, M., Blanco, C., Bleve, H., Bl?mer, M., Boh??ov?, D., Boncioli, C., Bonifazi, R., Bonino, N., Borodai, J., Brack, I., Brancu, P., Brogueira, W. C., Brown, P., Buchholz, A., Bueno, S., Buitink, Buscemi, Mario, K. S., Caballero Mora, B., Caccianiga, L., Caccianiga, M., Candusso, L., Caramete, R., Caruso, A., Castellina, G., Cataldi, L., Cazon, R., Cester, A. G., Chavez, A., Chiavassa, J. A., Chinellato, J., Chudoba, Cilmo, Marco, R. W., Clay, G., Cocciolo, Colalillo, Roberta, A., Coleman, L., Collica, M. R., Coluccia, R., Concei??o, F., Contrera, M. J., Cooper, A., Cordier, S., Coutu, C. E., Covault, J., Cronin, A., Curutiu, R., Dallier, B., Daniel, S., Dasso, K., Daumiller, B. R., Dawson, R. M., de Almeida, M., De Domenico, S. J., de Jong, J. R. T., de Mello Neto, I., De Mitri, J., de Oliveira, V., de Souza, L., del Peral, O., Deligny, H., Dembinski, N., Dhital, C., Di Giulio, A., Di Matteo, J. C., Diaz, M. L., D?az Castro, F., Diogo, C., Dobrigkeit, W., Docter, J. C., D'Olivo, A., Dorofeev, Q., Dorosti Hasankiadeh, M. T., Dova, J., Ebr, R., Engel, M., Erdmann, M., Erfani, C. O., Escobar, J., Espadanal, A., Etchegoyen, P., Facal San Lui, H., Falcke, K., Fang, G., Farrar, A. C., Fauth, N., Fazzini, A. P., Ferguson, M., Fernande, B., Fick, J. M., Figueira, A., Filevich, A., Filip?i?, B. D., Fox, O., Fratu, U., Fr?hlich, B., Fuch, T., Fuji, R., Gaior, B., Garc?a, S. T., Garcia Roca, D., Garcia Gamez, D., Garcia Pinto, G., Garilli, A., Gascon Bravo, F., Gate, H., Gemmeke, P. L., Ghia, U., Giaccari, M., Giammarchi, M., Giller, C., Glaser, H., Gla, M., G?mez Berisso, P. F., G?mez Vitale, P., Gon?alve, J. G., Gonzalez, N., Gonz?lez, B., Gookin, A., Gorgi, P., Gorham, P., Gouffon, S., Grebe, N., Griffith, A. F., Grillo, T. D., Grubb, Y., Guardincerri, Guarino, Fausto, G. P., Guede, M. R., Hampel, P., Hansen, D., Harari, T. A., Harrison, S., Hartmann, J. L., Harton, A., Haung, T., Hebbeker, D., Heck, P., Heimann, A. E., Herve, G. C., Hill, C., Hojvat, N., Hollon, E., Holt, P., Homola, J. R., H?randel, P., Horvath, M., Hrabovsk?, D., Huber, T., Huege, A., Insolia, P. G., Isar, K., Islo, I., Jandt, S., Jansen, C., Jarne, M., Josebachuili, A., K??p?, O., Kambeitz, K. H., Kampert, P., Kasper, I., Katkov, B., K?gl, B., Keilhauer, A., Keivani, E., Kemp, R. M., Kieckhafer, H. O., Klage, M., Kleifge, J., Kleinfeller, R., Krause, N., Krohm, O., Kr?mer, D., Kruppke Hansen, D., Kuempel, N., Kunka, G., La Rosa, D., Lahurd, L., Latronico, R., Lauer, M., Lauscher, P., Lautridou, S., Le Coz, M. S. A. B., Le?o, D., Lebrun, P., Lebrun, M. A., Leigui de Oliveira, A., Letessier Selvon, I., Lhenry Yvon, K., Link, R., L?pez, A., Lopez Ag?era, K., Louedec, J., Lozano Bahilo, L., Lu, A., Lucero, M., Ludwig, M. C., Maccarone, M., Malacari, S., Maldera, M., Mallamaci, J., Maller, D., Mandat, P., Mantsch, A. G., Mariazzi, V., Marin, I. C., Mari?, G., Marsella, D., Martello, L., Martin, H., Martinez, O., Mart?nez Bravo, D., Martraire, J. J., Mas?as Meza, H. J., Mathe, S., Mathy, J. A. J., Matthew, J., Matthew, G., Matthiae, D., Maurel, D., Maurizio, E., Mayotte, P. O., Mazur, C., Medina, G., Medina Tanco, M., Melissa, D., Melo, E., Menichetti, A., Menshikov, S., Messina, R., Meyhandan, S., Mi?anovi?, M. I., Micheletti, L., Middendorf, I. 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Horvath, M. Hrabovský, D. Huber, T. Huege, A. Insolia, P. G. Isar, K. Islo, I. Jandt, S. Jansen, C. Jarne, M. Josebachuili, A. Kääpä, O. Kambeitz, K. H. Kampert, P. Kasper, I. Katkov, B. Kégl, B. Keilhauer, A. Keivani, E. Kemp, R. M. Kieckhafer, H. O. Klage, M. Kleifge, J. Kleinfeller, R. Krause, N. Krohm, O. Krömer, D. Kruppke-Hansen, D. Kuempel, N. Kunka, G. L. Rosa, D. LaHurd, L. Latronico, R. Lauer, M. Lauscher, P. Lautridou, S. L. Coz, M. S. A., D. Lebrun, P. Lebrun, M. A. Leigui, A. Letessier-Selvon, I. Lhenry-Yvon, K. Link, R. López, A. L. Agüera, K. Louedec, J. L. Bahilo, L. Lu, A. Lucero, M. Ludwig, M. C. Maccarone, M. Malacari, S. Maldera, M. Mallamaci, J. Maller, D. Mandat, P. Mantsch, A. G. Mariazzi, V. Marin, I. C. Mariş, G. Marsella, D. Martello, L. Martin, H. Martinez, O. M. Bravo, D. Martraire, J. J. Masía, H. J. Mathe, S. Mathy, J. A. J., J. Matthew, G. Matthiae, D. Maurel, D. Maurizio, E. Mayotte, P. O. Mazur, C. Medina, G. Medina-Tanco, M. Melissa, D. Melo, E. Menichetti, A. Menshikov, S. Messina, R. Meyhandan, S. Mićanović, M. I. Micheletti, L. Middendorf, I. A. Minaya, L. Miramonti, B. Mitrica, L. Molina-Bueno, S. Mollerach, M. Monasor, D. M. Ragaigne, F. Montanet, C. Morello, M. Mostafá, C. A. Moura, M. A. Muller, G. Müller, M. Münchmeyer, R. Mussa, G. Navarra, S. Nava, P. Necesal, L. Nellen, A. Nelle, J. Neuser, M. Niechciol, L. Niemietz, T. Niggemann, D. Nitz, D. Nosek, V. Novotny, L. Nožka, L. Ochilo, A. Olinto, M. Oliveira, N. Pacheco, D. P. Selmi-Dei, M. Palatka, J. Pallotta, N. Palmieri, P. Papenbreer, G. Parente, A. Parra, T. Paul, M. Pech, J. Pękala, R. Pelayo, I. M. Pepe, L. Perrone, R. Pesce, E. Petermann, C. Peter, S. Petrera, A. Petrolini, Y. Petrov, J. Phuntsok, R. Piegaia, T. Pierog, P. Pieroni, M. Pimenta, V. Pirronello, M. Platino, M. Plum, A. Porcelli, C. Porowski, R. R. Prado, P. Privitera, M. Prouza, V. Purrello, E. J. Quel, S. Querchfeld, S. Quinn, J. Rautenberg, O. Ravel, D. Ravignani, B. Revenu, J. Ridky, S. Riggi, M. Risse, P. Ristori, V. Rizi, J. Robert, W. R. de, I. R. Cabo, G. R. Fernandez, J. R. Rojo, M. D. Rodríguez-Fría, G. Ro, J. Rosado, T. Rossler, M. Roth, E. Roulet, A. C. Rovero, S. J. Saffi, A. Saftoiu, F. Salamida, H. Salazar, A. Saleh, F. S. Greu, G. Salina, F. Sánchez, P. Sanchez-Luca, C. E. Santo, E. Santo, E. M. Santo, F. Sarazin, B. Sarkar, R. Sarmento, R. Sato, N. Scharf, V. Scherini, H. Schieler, P. Schiffer, O. Scholten, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovánek, A. Schulz, J. Schulz, J. Schumacher, S. J. Sciutto, A. Segreto, M. Settimo, A. Shadkam, R. C. Shellard, I. Sidelnik, G. Sigl, O. Sima, A. Śmiałkowski, R. Šmída, G. R. Snow, P. Sommer, J. Sorokin, R. Squartini, Y. N. Srivastava, S. Stanič, J. Stapleton, J. Stasielak, M. Stephan, A. Stutz, F. Suarez, T. Suomijärvi, A. D. Supanitsky, M. S. Sutherland, J. Swain, Z. Szadkowski, M. Szuba, O. A. Taborda, A. Tapia, M. Tartare, V. M. Theodoro, C. Timmerman, C. J. Todero, G. Toma, L. Tomankova, B. Tomé, A. Tonachini, G. T. Elipe, D. T. Machado, P. Travnicek, E. Trovato, M. Tuero, R. Ulrich, M. Unger, M. Urban, J. F. Valdé, I. Valiño, L. Valore, G. v. Aar, A. M. van, S. v. Velzen, A. v. Vliet, E. Varela, B. V. Cárdena, G. Varner, J. R. Vázquez, R. A. Vázquez, D. Veberič, V. Verzi, J. Vicha, M. Videla, L. Villaseñor, B. Vlcek, S. Vorobiov, H. Wahlberg, O. Wainberg, D. Walz, A. A. Watson, M. Weber, K. Weidenhaupt, A. Weindl, F. Werner, A. Widom, L. Wiencke, B. Wilczyńska, H. Wilczyński, M. Will, C. William, T. Winchen, D. Wittkowski, B. Wundheiler, S. Wyke, T. Yamamoto, T. Yapici, P. Younk, G. Yuan, A. Yushkov, B. Zamorano, E. Za, D. Zavrtanik, M. Zavrtanik, I. Zaw, A. Zepeda, J. Zhou, Y. Zhu, M. Z. Silva, M. Ziolkowski, T. P. Auger, R. U. Abbasi, M. Abe, T. Abu-Zayyad, M. Allen, R. Anderson, R. Azuma, E. Barcikowski, J. W. Belz, D. R. Bergman, S. A. Blake, R. Cady, M. J. Chae, B. G. Cheon, J. Chiba, M. Chikawa, W. R. Cho, T. Fujii, M. Fukushima, T. Goto, W. Hanlon, Y. Hayashi, N. Hayashida, K. Hibino, K. Honda, D. Ikeda, N. Inoue, T. Ishii, R. Ishimori, H. Ito, D. Ivanov, C. C. H., K. Kadota, F. Kakimoto, O. Kalashev, K. Kasahara, H. Kawai, S. Kawakami, S. Kawana, K. Kawata, E. Kido, H. B. Kim, J. H. Kim, S. Kitamura, Y. Kitamura, V. Kuzmin, Y. J. Kwon, J. Lan, S. I. Lim, J. P. Lundquist, K. Machida, K. Marten, T. Matsuda, T. Matsuyama, J. N. Matthew, M. Minamino, K. Mukai, I. Myer, K. Nagasawa, S. Nagataki, T. Nakamura, T. Nonaka, A. Nozato, S. Ogio, J. Ogura, M. Ohnishi, H. Ohoka, K. Oki, T. Okuda, M. Ono, A. Oshima, S. Ozawa, I. H. Park, M. S. Pshirkov, D. C. Rodriguez, G. Rubtsov, D. Ryu, H. Sagawa, N. Sakurai, A. L. Sampson, L. M. Scott, P. D. Shah, F. Shibata, T. Shibata, H. Shimodaira, B. K. Shin, J. D. Smith, P. Sokolsky, R. W. Springer, B. T. Stoke, S. R. Stratton, T. A. Stroman, T. Suzawa, M. Takamura, M. Takeda, R. Takeishi, A. Taketa, M. Takita, Y. Tameda, H. Tanaka, K. Tanaka, M. Tanaka, S. B. Thoma, G. B. Thomson, P. Tinyakov, I. Tkachev, H. Tokuno, T. Tomida, S. Troitsky, Y. Tsunesada, K. Tsutsumi, Y. Uchihori, S. Udo, F. Urban, G. Vasiloff, T. Wong, R. Yamane, H. Yamaoka, K. Yamazaki, J. Yang, K. Yashiro, Y. Yoneda, S. Yoshida, H. Yoshii, R. Zollinger, Z. Zundel, T. T. Array, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics
Subjects: Ciencias Físicas, Astronomy, Rays, Astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Cosmic rays, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Pierre, law, Anisotropy, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Energy, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, astroparticle physic, Radiación cósmica, Auger, Cosmic, Arrival, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Física nuclear, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, High, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, SURFACE DETECTOR, ICECUBE, AIR-SHOWER ARRAY, Directions, cosmic rays, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Ciencias Exactas, Pierre Auger Observatory, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Array, Spectral density, Spherical harmonics, Física, Astronomy and Astrophysics, ASTROFÍSICA, Ultra, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astronomía, Dipole, RESOLUTION, Space and Planetary Science, Experimental High Energy Physics, Quadrupole, Observatory, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Spherical harmonic moments are well-suited for capturing anisotropy at any scale in the flux of cosmic rays. An unambiguous measurement of the full set of spherical harmonic coefficients requires full-sky coverage. This can be achieved by combining data from observatories located in both the northern and southern hemispheres. To this end, a joint analysis using data recorded at the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory above 1019 eV is presented in this work. The resulting multipolar expansion of the flux of cosmic rays allows us to perform a series of anisotropy searches, and in particular to report on the angular power spectrum of cosmic rays above 1019 eV. No significant deviation from isotropic expectations is found throughout the analyses performed. Upper limits on the amplitudes of the dipole and quadrupole moments are derived as a function of the direction in the sky, varying between 7% and 13% for the dipole and between 7% and 10% for a symmetric quadrupole., Facultad de Ciencias Exactas
Published: 2014

50. Detection of Point Sources in Cosmic Ray Maps using the Mexican Hat Wavelet Family

Author: Bruno Daniel, Rafael Alves Batista, and Ernesto Kemp
Subjects: Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gaussian, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Mexican hat wavelet, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, symbols.namesake, Amplitude, Wavelet, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, symbols, Point (geometry), Sensitivity (control systems), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), Energy (signal processing)
Abstract: An analysis of the sensitivity of gaussian and mexican hat wavelet family filters to the detection of point sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays was performed. A source embedded in a background was simulated and the number of events and amplitude of this source was varied aiming to check the sensitivity of the method to detect faint sources with low statistic of events., Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Strong Electromagnetic Fields and Neutron Stars (Havana, Cuba, 2011). 6 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2012

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62 results on '"Rafael Alves Batista"'

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