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IntroductionLactoferrin (Lf) is an important immunomodulator in infections caused by different agents. During SARS-CoV-2 infection, Lf can hinder or prevent virus access to the intracellular environment. Severe cases of COVID-19 are related to increased production of cytokines, accompanied by a weak type 1 interferon response.MethodsWe investigated the influence of bovine Lf (bLf) in the immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro and in vivo assays.ResultsOur results show a strong binding between bLf and TLR4/NF-κB in silico, as well as an increase in mRNA expression of these genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with bLf. Furthermore, the treatment increased TLR4/TLR9 mRNA expression in infected K18-hACE2 mouse blood, indicating an activation of innate response. Our results show that, when bLf was added, a reduction in the NK cell population was found, presenting a similar effect on PD-1 in TCD4+ and TCD8+ cells. In the culture supernatant of PBMCs from healthy participants, bLf decreased IL-6 levels and increased CCL5 in COVID-19 participants. In addition, K18-hACE2 mice infected and treated with bLf presented an increase of serum pro-inflammatory markers (GM-CSF/IL-1β/IL-2) and upregulated mRNA expression of IL1B and IL6 in the lung tissue. Furthermore, bLf treatment was able to restore FTH1 levels in brain tissue.DiscussionThe data indicate that bLf can be part of a therapeutic strategy to promote the immunomodulation effect, leading to homeostasis during COVID-19.

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir sobre a construção das favelas como objeto de pesquisa histórica. Se outras disciplinas das Ciências Sociais compreenderam a importância de usar a história como ferramenta metodológica para estudar a realidade desses espaços, ao menos desde os anos 1940, o presente estudo analisa as razões e implicações da História ter tardado em fazer das favelas um objeto mais sistemático de estudo. Analisamos, assim, que a renovação do debate historiográfico no Brasil, com a busca de novas fontes, tais como acervos documentais constituídos por instituições nas próprias favelas, e métodos, como os fornecidos pela História Oral, vêm dando mais densidade ao debate histórico sobre esses espaços, inclusive com a produção de trabalhos realizados por seus próprios moradores nos últimos anos. Ao levantar os trabalhos históricos sobre as favelas, pretendemos identificar as consequências epistemológicas dessa produção tanto para os estudos urbanos quanto para a própria História como campo disciplinar.

Este estudo apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática sobre práticas educativas pautadas na abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) efetivadas em aulas de ciências da Educação Básica brasileira e objetiva responder ao seguinte questionamento: Quais abordagens de ensino têm sido exploradas nas práticas educativas balizadas pelo enfoque CTS? Para tanto, foi feita uma busca por estudos publicados em periódicos brasileiros, no período de 2010 a 2021, com significativa representatividade e impacto no campo das pesquisas em Educação em Ciências, que resultou em 39 artigos que foram interpretados mediante a Análise de Conteúdo, originando seis categorias: (a) Debate sobre temas socioambientais; (b) Sequência didática; (c) Três momentos pedagógicos; (d) Mapas conceituais; (e) Atividades experimentais; e (f) Práticas educativas mistas. Pondera-se que tais práticas educativas têm se mostrado promissoras para o Ensino de Ciências, fomentando o pensamento crítico dos estudantes e evidenciando potencial para a aprendizagem de conhecimentos sociocientíficos.

Os Agentes Comunitários de Saúde são profissionais essenciais na Atenção Primária à Saúde, atuando no território e transitando entre o serviço e a comunidade. Ao circular nesses locais, estão em contato com os processos de saúde e, portanto, de saúde mental dos usuários. Este artigo buscou identificar a compreensão acerca da demanda de cuidados em saúde mental na Atenção Primária à Saúde segundo agentes atuantes em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família (UBSF) de um município mineiro. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório. Foi aplicado um questionário e realizou-se entrevistas com roteiro semiestruturado com cinco agentes comunitárias de saúde da UBSF, sendo a análise inspirada na análise temática de conteúdo. Assim, foram elaboradas as categorias: (A) Modos de identificação dos usuários de saúde mental; e (b) O papel da visita domiciliar e a presença do NASF. Observou-se que o processo de identificação da demanda em saúde mental é complexo, sendo atravessado por um pensamento generalizante sobre quem é o usuário da saúde mental. A visita domiciliar é a ferramenta primordial para compreensão da demanda e realização de orientações. Ressalta-se que as agentes desenvolvem seu trabalho a partir de tecnologias leves e suas falas revelam a necessidade de fortalecimento de seu trabalho por gestores e políticas públicas.

Abstract This study investigated injuries sustained by Pimelodus maculatus caused by transient operating conditions in a Brazilian hydroelectric power plant. Fish (n = 43) that inhabited the tailrace and appeared on the water surface after changes in the operating conditions were evaluated (IF). Additionally, fish (n = 10) captured using longline in the vicinity of the tailrace were used for comparisons (NF). Blood samples were evaluated for cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations. Tissue samples (gill, liver, brain, and muscle) were analyzed for oxidative stress biomarkers (TBARS, protein carbonyl content, and catalase activity) and histology (gill, liver, and spleen). The most prominent findings in IF were barotraumas with intra-abdominal hemorrhage and swim bladder rupture. Cortisol and glucose concentrations were lower for IF when compared to NF. IF also suffered from oxidative stress, as indicated by increased TBARS in the liver and brain, as well as increased protein carbonyl content in the gills and liver. The main histological alterations induced by the adverse conditions were circulatory disorders, such as telangiectasia and gill aneurysm, hepatic congested veins, and hemorrhage in the liver and spleen. The abrupt drop of pressure resulting from changes in the operating conditions of the turbines caused barotraumas and oxidative stress, which were the leading causes of fish mortality

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate surface roughness (Sa), roughness profile (Rv), and enamel wear after brushing with different whitening toothpastes and charcoal powders. Sixty (n = 10) bovine enamel blocks (6 × 6 × 3 mm) were randomly distributed into six groups according to toothpaste type: regular toothpaste (CONT), toothpaste containing 2% hydrogen peroxide (HP), toothpaste containing titanium dioxide (TiO2), toothpaste containing charcoal (COAL), toothpaste containing charcoal and TiO2 (COAL+TiO2), and activated charcoal powder (COAL_PWD). Each block was subjected to 30,000 reciprocal cycles at a 1:3 proportion slurry. After brushing, the blocks were analyzed using an optical profilometer to determine Sa, Rv, and enamel wear. In addition, representative 3D images of each group and wear profiles were obtained. Sa was analyzed using generalized linear models followed by Bonferroni correction, whereas Rv was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. After brushing, COAL and COAL+TiO2 showed higher Sa values than COAL_PWD. However, no significant difference was observed in Sa between whitening toothpaste and COAL_PWD, and CONT (p > 0.05). In addition, no differences were observed among the groups in Rv (p > 0.05). Conversely, enamel wear was higher for TiO2, COAL, COAL+TiO2, and COAL_PWD than for CONT. CONT showed the least enamel wear, whereas HP showed intermediate values. Representative 3D images and line profiles showed lower step-height and lower mean surface losses for the CONT and HP groups than for the other groups. Whitening toothpastes and COAL_PWD did not increase Sa or Rv compared with CONT, while CONT demonstrated lower enamel wear.

The purpose of this article is to encourage debate on the common in the context of land, as well as the issues of urban informality and collective property in Brazil, based on action-research on the registration process of Special Urban Collective Adverse Possession in Chácara do Catumbi, a community located in the Catumbi neighborhood (Rio de Janeiro). This paper studies the challenges of collective property management in the Brazilian context, analyzes the debate surrounding the commons in issues involving property rights, and finally discusses the main challenges of collective property management through the case of Chácara do Catumbi.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is highly dependent on the adsorption of target molecules onto metallic surfaces, such as colloidal metallic nanoparticles. The selection of suitable substrates is crucial for optimizing SERS performance. Herein, we investigated the dependence of two pesticide SERS signals, thiabendazole (TBZ) and carbendazim (MBC), on both Ag nanoparticles (reduced by hydroxylamine—AgH or citrate—AgCT) and the aggregation conditions induced by adding different salts (NaCl, KCl or KNO3). In addition to SERS experiments, in order to assess the induced aggregation of the Ag nanoparticles, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential were employed. For AgH, the use of salts did not yield the greatest effect in the presence of TBZ, as only with the pesticide was it possible to achieve the highest aggregation and greater intensity of the SERS signal. In contrast, with the MBC pesticide, the KNO3 salt promoted the greatest aggregation state and was crucial for obtaining the most amplified SERS signal. The thicker coating layer of AgCT prevented the adsorption of both pesticides on the surface of the nanoparticles, which was achievable using salts containing Cl− ions. Additionally, to obtain the SERS signal of MBC with AgCT, besides the presence of chlorinated salts, other adjustments were necessary, such as changing both the pH of the medium (from pH 5.8 to pH 8, for which MBC is in its neutral form) and the laser lines (from 785 to 514.5 nm). These findings demonstrated that although the pesticide molecules belong to the same chemical functional group, their detection was strongly influenced by the surface of the silver nanoparticles and the salts added. This highlights the specific nuances in detection depending on the method of Ag synthesis and the nature of the aggregating agents used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vision of Pedro Ernesto, a physician who was appointed interventor of the Federal District in 1931, has had a strong impact on the history of the city, especially with regard to the favelas, which were partially integrated into his political project. This article first seeks to understand the strategies deployed by the mayor to build his electoral support base in the favelas, then analyzes the meaning of his policy of establishing schools in these territories and, finally, discusses the limits of his project, starting from the legal-urbanistic implications of the debate on favelas at the time.

O artigo visa compreender as particularidades de expansão da favela Vila do Vintém (localizada no bairro de Realengo) em um contexto de metropolização da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A partir de análise do fundo Polícia Política do Arquivo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e de reportagens de jornais do final dos anos 1940 e início dos anos 1950, o artigo procura analisar a articulação política dos moradores, identificando que a luta pela permanência e pelo direito à moradia também ocorria nas favelas mais distantes dos bairros mais centrais. Palavras-chave: metropolização; habitação; favela; Vila do Vintém.

Parabens are widely used as preservatives in the last decades. Others preservatives such as 2-phenoxyethanol, which in addition to his good antimicrobial activity, has low allergenic potential as well others properties of interest to the cosmetic industry. In this work was developed a method for determination of methylparaben (MP), propylparaben (PP) and 2-phenoxyethanol (FE) in cosmetic products by HPLC-DAD using QuEChERS as sample preparation. For application in cosmetic samples, the original QuEChERS method was modified and optimized by evaluate of different solvents for extraction and sorbents for clean up step. Increases at recoveries of analytes were obtained employing acetone as solvent and PSA for clean up step, showed recoveries between 83.7% and 88.6% for all analytes. The method was validated according to ANVISA (linear range: 0.1 to 2.5 µg mL-1 for MP and PP, and 1.5 to 6.0 µg mL-1 for FE). Precision was evaluated by repeatability and intermediate precision with coefficients of variation (%) lower than 10% in all concentrations analysed, and accuracy was evaluated, with values ranging from 93.77% to 108.13%. The QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD method was tested in real samples (moisturizing cream and lotion, cleansing gel), where the concentration values were found below the maximum limit established by ANVISA.

Neste artigo, trazemos um recorte de uma pesquisa concluída de doutorado, que foi elaborada através de um encontro com professoras dispostas a narrar suas práticas e compreensões sobre currículo e cotidiano escolar. Os encontros e as conversas movimentaram narrativas que funcionaram como instâncias dialógicas que apresentaram a experiência da fonte onde os narradores bebem, bem como a maneira como as professoras entendem e percebem o currículo e sua formação em seu trabalho cotidiano. Portanto, tratamos de pensar nos vários percursos e experiências que vivem cotidianamente as professoras e nos sentidos e práticas que esses percursos e experiências tornam potenciais para as aproximações solidárias de saberes, em diálogos que potencializem práticas e as produções coletivas destas e dos saberes que com elas se tecem na formação docente, pensando por fim que o contexto da prática cotidiana é também contexto de formação e partilha de movimentos de (re)existência formativa.

Introdução: A inserção do dispositivo intrauterino é uma competência esperada para o médico generalista. No entanto, esse método encontra muitas barreiras ao ser inserido nas unidades básica de saúde, como a falta de treinamento dos profissionais e o medo que as mulheres têm de sentir dor. Objetivo: Avaliar a intensidade da dor durante o procedimento de inserção do dispositivo intrauterino realizado por médicos generalistas em unidades básicas de saúde na região metropolitana de João Pessoa e sua associação com fatores sociodemográficos, aspectos clínicos da mulher e formação médica. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo, com dados coletados em 16 unidades básicas de saúde nos municípios de Conde, Caaporã, João Pessoa e Sapé, no intervalo de março a outubro de 2019. A coleta de dados foi realizada por entrevista individual com questionário estruturado, e a dor foi graduada pela escala visual analógica. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se os testes de Mann-Whitney e χ². Resultados: Participaram do estudo 139 mulheres com idade mínima de 14 e máxima de 47 anos, cuja média de dor foi de 5,5 para aquelas que estavam menstruadas e de 4,6 para as que não estavam. A dor leve esteve presente em 20,1%, a dor moderada em 38% e dor intensa em 31,7%. Histerometria acima de 7 cm, histórico de uso de anti-inflamatórios na menstruação e de dismenorreia estiveram mais presentes em quem referiu dor intensa (p

Despite the rapid mass vaccination against COVID-19, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, such as omicron, is still a great distress, and new therapeutic options are needed. Bovine lactoferrin (bLf), a multifunctional iron-binding glycoprotein available in unsaturated (apo-bLf) and saturated (holo-bLf) forms, has been shown to exert broad-spectrum antiviral activity against many viruses. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of both forms of bLf at 1 mg/mL against infection of Vero cells by SARS-CoV-2. As assessed with antiviral assays, an equivalent significant reduction in virus infection by about 70% was observed when either form of bLf was present throughout the infection procedure with the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral or omicron strain. This inhibitory effect seemed to be concentrated during the early steps of virus infection, since a significant reduction in its efficiency by about 60% was observed when apo- or holo-bLf were incubated with the cells before or during virus addition, with no significant difference between the antiviral effects of the distinct iron-saturation states of the protein. However, an ultrastructural analysis of bLf treatment during the early steps of virus infection revealed that holo-bLf was somewhat more effective than apo-bLf in inhibiting virus entry. Together, these data suggest that bLf mainly acts in the early events of SARS-CoV-2 infection and is effective against the ancestral virus as well as its omicron variant. Considering that there are no effective treatments to COVID-19 with tolerable toxicity yet, bLf shows up as a promising candidate.

The excessive use of pesticides has detrimental effects on the ecosystem, leading to soil contamination and the spread of pollution beyond the targeted areas. Concerns arise regarding the permissible limits of pesticides, typically around 10−8 mol/L. In this study, we employed surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), a highly sensitive and selective technique, to investigate the behavior of the pesticide ametrine (AMT) on silver colloids. The Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibited an average size of (26 ± 2) nm and a zeta potential of (−30 ± 1) mV in the absence of AMT, which decreased to (−24 ± 1) mV in the presence of AMT, resulting in mild AgNPs aggregation, with the average diameter of AgNPs increasing to approximately 300 nm. This aggregation is advantageous, as they provide active sites for pesticide detection. Besides, the purification method employed ensured that AMT remained undegraded, and various conformations of AMT were simulated using Ag clusters to study the SERS effect. Comparison with the experimental spectra indicated that the SERS‐4 conformer closely resembled the experimental spectrum, suggesting simultaneous interaction between the Ag surface and the sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) atoms of the AMT triazine ring. Notably, changes in the AMT molecule were observed with pH variations: at pH below 5, hydroxylation occurred, resulting in an Ag–Cl stretching at 241 cm−1 in the SERS spectra. Conversely, at pH above 5 (pH 6–13), the presence of bands at 230 and 219 cm−1 in the SERS spectra indicate the formation of Ag–N and Ag–S bonds, respectively, between the AMT and the AgNPs. Furthermore, the study successfully detected AMT at pH 7, establishing a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.36 × 10−8 mol/L (3 ppb) based on the SERS spectra. These findings underscore the applicability of the SERS technique in the sensitive and selective detection of AMT, offering a promising approach for monitoring the presence of this pesticide in environmental samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discuss the autonomy and authorship of teachers in the context of building and implementing the BNCC. It is a work of bibliographic nature, whose research sources are books, articles and interviews published in Revista. whose theoretical contribution was, among others, Arroyo (2013); Contreras (2012); Hypolito (2019); Oliveira et al (2019). In times of control mechanisms over what the teacher does and of speeches based on results, it is necessary for teachers to intensify the debates around teaching autonomy and in search of ensuring that the school advances in terms of democracy and construction of political conscience. Recent studies on the process of building the BNCC and its impacts on the teacher's life demonstrate that, in fact, teachers had little participation in the construction of the document, as well as the orientations of the document compromise the author's and autonomy margins teachers.

The genus Aeromonas comprises more than 30 Gram-negative bacterial species and naturally inhabitants from aquatic environments. These microorganisms, commonly regarded as pathogens of fish and several other animals, have been gaining prominence on medical trial due to its ability to colonize and infect human beings. Besides water, Aeromonas are widely spreaded on most varied sources like soil, vegetables, and food; Although its opportunistic nature, they are able to cause infections on immunocompromised or immunocompetent patients. Aeromonas species regarded as potential human pathogens are usually A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and A. veronii biovar sobria. The main clinical manifestations are gastrointestinal tract disorders, wound, and soft tissue infections, as well as septicemia. Regarding to antibiotic responses, the bacteria present a diversified susceptibility profile and show inherence resistance to ampicillin. Aeromonas, as an ascending genus in microbiology, has been carefully studied aiming comprehension and development of methods for detection and medical intervention of infectious processes, not fully elucidated in medicine. This review focuses on current clinical knowledge related to human health disorders caused by Aeromonas to contribute on development of efficient approaches able to recognize and impair the pathological processes.

The aim of this study was to compare the success of two different Human Machine Interfaces (HMIs) in attracting drivers’ attention when they were engaged in a Non-Driving-Related Task (NDRT) during SAE Level 3 driving. We also assessed the value of each on drivers’ perceived safety and trust. A driving simulator experiment was used to investigate drivers’ response to a non-safety-critical transition of control and five cut-in events (one hard; deceleration of 2.4 m/s2, and 4 subtle; deceleration of ~1.16 m/s2) over the course of the automated drive. The experiment used two types of HMI to trigger a takeover request (TOR): one Light-band display that flashed whenever the drivers needed to takeover control; and one auditory warning. Results showed that drivers’ levels of trust in automation were similar for both HMI conditions, in all scenarios, except during a hard cut-in event. Regarding the HMI’s capabilities to support a takeover process, the study found no differences in drivers’ takeover performance or overall gaze distribution. However, with the Light-band HMI, drivers were more likely to focus their attention to the road centre first after a takeover request. Although a high proportion of glances towards the dashboard of the vehicle was seen for both HMIs during the takeover process, the value of these ambient lighting signals for conveying automation status and takeover messages may be useful to help drivers direct their visual attention to the most suitable area after a takeover, such as the forward roadway.

O trabalho mostra uma análise exploratória sobre oportunidades de negócios com base nas novas tendências na economia da saúde. A pandemia somente acelerou e enfatizou algumas atividades e oportunidades, outras estavam aumentando devido à maior atenção à prevenção, sobretudo, no trabalho. Os resultados da discussão e das informações encontradas na pesquisa apontam que empreender na economia da saúde será um negócio altamente lucrativo e crescente, que se pode-se comparar com as atividades financeiras e de desenvolvimento de tecnologia, como ciência de dados ou inteligência artificial. O resultado da pesquisa ressalta também a tendência positiva da inovação e do crescimento de startups no setor no Brasil, sendo que os novos negócios desenvolvidos mostram não somente a criatividade nacional como também os espaços disponíveis para quem quer empreender nesse setor.