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A confining extension of the quark model with nonlocal currents is proposed. The quark propagator is modified by introducing a cut in {\alpha}-space, which in momentum space corresponds to the subtraction of pole singularities. A two-phase phase structure is proposed for modeling the confinement-deconfinement phase transition. In the confined phase, the quark propagator does not have any pole singularities, while in the deconfined phase, there is a single quark pole.

The contribution of axial-vector mesons to the muon's anomalous magnetic moment through a light-by-light process is considered within a nonlocal quark model. The model is based on a four-quark interaction with scalar--pseudoscalar and vector--axial-vector sectors. While the transverse component of the axial-vector corresponds to a spin-1 particle, the unphysical longitudinal component is mixed with a pseudoscalar meson. The model parameters are re-fitted to the pion properties in the presence of pi-a_1 mixing. The obtained estimation for the light-by-light contribution of a_1+f_1 mesons is (3.6+-1.8)*10^{-11}., Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, final version accepted for publication in Physical Review D

The behaviour of pseudoscalar mesons within the SU(3)PNJL-like models is considered for finite T and $\mu_B$. We compare the pole approximation (Breit-Wigner) with the Beth-Uhlenbeck approach. We evaluate the $K/\pi$ ratios along the phase transition line in the T-$\mu_B$ plane with constant and $T/\mu_B$-dependent pion and strange quark chemical potentials. Using the model, we can show that the splitting of kaon and anti-kaon masses appears as a result of introduction of density and this explains the difference in the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio and $K^-/\pi^-$ ratio at low $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and their tendency to the same value at high $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$. A sharp "horn" effect in the $K^+/\pi^+$ ratio is explained by the enhanced pion production which can be described by occurrence of a nonequilibrium pion chemical potential of the order of the pion mass. We elucidate that the horn effect is not related to the existence of a critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2009.03284

We review the present status of the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. This is performed in a perturbative expansion in the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ and is broken down into pure QED, electroweak, and hadronic contributions. The pure QED contribution is by far the largest and has been evaluated up to and including $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^5)$ with negligible numerical uncertainty. The electroweak contribution is suppressed by $(m_\mu/M_W)^2$ and only shows up at the level of the seventh significant digit. It has been evaluated up to two loops and is known to better than one percent. Hadronic contributions are the most difficult to calculate and are responsible for almost all of the theoretical uncertainty. The leading hadronic contribution appears at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^2)$ and is due to hadronic vacuum polarization, whereas at $\mathcal{O}(\alpha^3)$ the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution appears. Given the low characteristic scale of this observable, these contributions have to be calculated with nonperturbative methods, in particular, dispersion relations and the lattice approach to QCD. The largest part of this review is dedicated to a detailed account of recent efforts to improve the calculation of these two contributions with either a data-driven, dispersive approach, or a first-principle, lattice-QCD approach. The final result reads $a_\mu^\text{SM}=116\,591\,810(43)\times 10^{-11}$ and is smaller than the Brookhaven measurement by 3.7$\sigma$. The experimental uncertainty will soon be reduced by up to a factor four by the new experiment currently running at Fermilab, and also by the future J-PARC experiment. This and the prospects to further reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the near future-which are also discussed here-make this quantity one of the most promising places to look for evidence of new physics., Comment: 196 pages, 103 figures, version published in Phys. Rept., bib files for the citation references are available from: https://muon-gm2-theory.illinois.edu

The light-by-light contribution from the axial-vector (AV) mesons exchanges to the muon anomalous magnetic moment is estimated in the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model. The preliminary answer for contributions from a1 and f1 mesons to (g-2)_mu is 0.34 x 10^(-11) and does not support the Melnikov-Vainshtein estimate 2.2 x 10^(-11)., Comment: 5 pages, talk at e+e- Collisions From Phi to Psi 2019

In the framework of the quasipotential method in quantum electrodynamics we calculate corrections to the nuclear structure proportional to $r_N^2$ from two-photon exchange amplitudes in the fine and hyperfine structure of P-states in muonic hydrogen, as well as the photon-photon interaction amplitudes, leading to the exchange of the axial vector meson. In constructing the quasipotential of the muon-nucleus interaction, we use the method of projection operators on states of two particles with a definite spin and total angular momentum. Analytical calculation of the matrix elements is performed and contributions to the fine and hyperfine structure of the $2P_{1/2}$ and $2P_{3/2}$ levels are obtained., Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures

In the framework of the quasipotential method in quantum electrodynamics we calculate the contribution of light pseudoscalar (PS) and axial-vector (AV) mesons to the interaction operator of a muon and a proton in muonic hydrogen atom. The coupling of mesons with the muon is via two-photon intermediate state. The parametrization of the transition form factor of two photons into PS and AV mesons, based on the experimental data on the transition form factors and QCD asymptotics, is used. Numerical estimates of the contributions to the hyperfine structure of the spectrum of the S and P levels are presented. It is shown that such contribution to the hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen is rather important for a comparison with precise experimental data., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure; Invited talk contribution to XVII Workshop on High Energy Spin Physics: DSPIN-17; Dubna, Russia, September 11 - 15, 2017

The contribution from the axial-vector meson exchange to the potential of the muon-proton interaction in muonic hydrogen induced by anomalous axial-vector meson coupling to two photon state is calculated. It is shown that such contribution to the hyperfine splitting in muonic hydrogen is large and important for a comparison with precise experimental data. In the light of our result, the proton radius "puzzle" is discussed., Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures

Soon, new experiments at FNAL and J-PARC will measure the muon anomalous magnetic moments with better accuracy than before. From theoretical side, the uncertainty of the standard model prediction is dominated by the hadronic contributions. Current status of the experimental data and theoretical calculations are briefly discussed., Comment: 9 pages. Contribution to QUARKS-2016, 19th International Seminar on High Energy Physics, Pushkin, Russia, 29 May - 4 June, 2016

The hadronic corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, due to the full gauge-invariant set of diagrams with dynamical quark loop and intermediate pseudoscalar and scalar states light-by-light scattering insertions, are calculated in the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model. These diagrams correspond to all hadronic light-by-light scattering contributions to $a_{\mu}$ in the leading order of the $1/N_{c}$ expansion in quark model. The result for the quark loop contribution is $a_{\mu}^{\mathrm{HLbL,Loop}}=\left( 11.0\pm0.9\right) \cdot10^{-10}$, and the total result is $a_{\mu}^{\mathrm{HLbL,N\chi QM}}=\left(16.8\pm1.2\right) \cdot 10^{-10}$., Comment: Proceedings of the PhiPsi15, Sep. 23-26, 2015, Hefei, China

The hadronic corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment a_mu, due to the gauge-invariant set of diagrams with dynamical quark loop light-by-light scattering insertions, are calculated in the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model. These results complete calculations of all hadronic light-by-light scattering contributions to a_mu in the leading order in the 1/Nc expansion. The result for the quark loop contribution is a_mu^{HLbL,Loop}=(11.0+-0.9)*10^(-10), and the total result is a_mu^{HLbL,NxQM}=(16.8+-1.2)*10^(-10)., Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

The electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments (AMM) are measured in experiments and studied in the Standard Model (SM) with the highest precision accessible in particle physics. The comparison of the measured quantity with the SM prediction for the electron AMM provides the best determination of the fine structure constant. The muon AMM is more sensitive to the appearance of New Physics effects and, at present, there appears to be a three- to four-standard deviation between the SM and experiment. The lepton AMMs are pure relativistic quantum correction effects and therefore test the foundations of relativistic quantum field theory in general, and of quantum electrodynamics (QED) and SM in particular, with highest sensitivity. Special attention is paid to the studies of the hadronic contributions to the muon AMM which constitute the main source of theoretical uncertainties of the SM., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

The current status of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) problem is briefly presented. The corrections to the muon AMM coming from the effects of hadronic light-by-light (LbL) scattering due to light quark-antiquark exchange in pseudoscalar and scalar channels are estimated within the nonlocal chiral quark model (N$\chi$QM). Within this approach the full kinematic dependence on the photon and meson virtualities are taken into account. As a result, the meson exchange contributions to the muon AMM calculated within N$\chi$QM are, in general, smaller than the contributions obtained within other models. The contribution from the scalar channel is positive and small, but stabilizes the combined with pseudoscalar channel result with respect to variation of the model parameters., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Talk at Light Cone 2012 Conference, 8-13 July 2012, Cracow, Poland

The light-by-light contribution from the lightest neutral pseudoscalar and scalar mesons to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon is calculated in the framework of the nonlocal SU(3)x SU(3) quark model. The model is based on chirally symmetric four-quark interaction of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio type and Kobayashi-Maskawa-t`Hooft U_A(1) breaking six-quark interaction. Full kinematic dependence of vertices with off-shell mesons and photons in intermediate states in the light-by-light scattering amplitude is taken into account. The small positive contributions from the scalar mesons stabilize the total result with respect to change of model parameters and reduces to a_\mu^{LbL,PS+S}=(6.25\pm 0.83)x10^{-10}., Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures

The light-by-light contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of muon (g-2)_{\mu} from the hadronic exchanges in the neutral pseudoscalar meson channel is calculated in the nonlocal chiral quark model. The full kinematic dependence of the meson-two-photon vertices on the virtualities of the mesons and photons is taken into account. The status of various phenomenological and QCD short-distance constraints is discussed and the comparison with the predictions of other models is performed. It is demonstrated that the effect of the full kinematic dependence in the meson-photon vertices is to reduce the contribution of pseudoscalar exchages to a_\mu ^{PS,LbL} by approximately factor 1.5 in comparison with the most of previous estimates., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures; version for journal, minor corrections are made

A nonlocal chiral quark model is consistently extended beyond mean field using a strict 1/Nc expansion scheme. The parameters of the nonlocal model are refitted so that the physical values of the pion mass and the weak pion decay constant are obtained. The size of the 1/Nc correction to the quark condensate is carefully studied and compared with the usual local Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. It is found that even the sign of the corrections can be different. This can be attributed to the mesonic cut-off of the local model. The model is also applied to finite temperature. We find that the 1/Nc corrections dominate the melting of the chiral condensate at low temperatures, T<100 MeV, in agreement with chiral perturbation theory. On the other hand, the relative importance of the 1/Nc corrections in the cross-over regime depends on the parameter T0 of the Polyakov loop potential. For T0=270 MeV, corresponding to a fit of lattice data for pure gluodynamics, the correction terms are large and lead to a lowering of the chiral phase transition temperature in comparison with the mean-field result. Near the phase transition the 1/Nc expansion breaks down and a non-perturbative scheme is needed to include mesonic correlations in that regime. Lowering T0 leads to a more rapid cross-over even at the mean-field level and the unstable region for the 1/Nc corrections shrinks. For T0< 220 MeV the temperatures of deconfinement and chiral restoration are practically synchronized., Comment: 16 pages, 19 figures; v3: discussion of the T0 dependence and comparison with lattice data added; version accepted by Phys. Rev. D

A nonlocal chiral quark model is consistently extended beyond mean field using a strict 1/Nc expansion scheme. The parameters of the nonlocal model are refitted to the physical values of the pion mass and the weak pion decay constant. The size of the 1/Nc correction to the quark condensate is carefully studied in the nonlocal and the usual local Nambu-Jona-Lasinio models. It is found that even the sign of the corrections can be different. This can be attributed to the mesonic cut-off of the local model. It is also found that the 1/Nc corrections lead to a lowering of the temperature of the chiral phase transition in comparison with the mean-field result. On the other hand, near the phase transition the 1/Nc expansion breaks down and a non-perturbative scheme for the inclusion of mesonic correlations is needed in order to describe the phase transition point., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, talk at the 3rd Joint International Hadron Structure'09 Conference, Tatranska Strba (Slovak Republic), Aug. 30-Sept. 3, 2009

We discuss three applications of NJL- and PNJL-like models to assess aspects of the QCD phase diagram: First, we study the effect of mesonic correlations on the pressure below and above the finite temperature phase transition within a nonlocal PNJL model beyond the mean-field approximation. Second, we reconstruct the phase boundary of an NJL model from a Taylor expansion of the chiral susceptibility about $\mu = 0$ and compare the result with the exact phase boundary. Finally, we demonstrate the realization of the "non-standard scenario" for the critical surface in a three-flavor PNJL model with a $\mu$-dependent determinant interaction., Comment: 7 pages, talk given by M.B. at the International School of Nuclear Physics, 30th Course, "Heavy Ion Collisions from the Coulomb Barrier to the Quark Gluon Plasma", Erice, Italy, 16-24 September 2008

We study the temperature dependence of the pseudoscalar meson properties in a relativistic bound-state approach exhibiting the chiral behavior mandated by QCD. Concretely, we adopt the Dyson-Schwinger approach with a rank-2 separable model interaction. After extending the model to the strange sector and fixing its parameters at zero temperature, T=0, we study the T-dependence of the masses and decay constants of all ground-state mesons in the pseudoscalar nonet. Of chief interest are $\eta$ and $\eta^\prime$. The influence of the QCD axial anomaly on them is successfully obtained through the Witten-Veneziano relation at T=0. The same approach is then extended to T>0, using lattice QCD results for the topological susceptibility. The most conspicuous finding is an increase of the $\eta^\prime$ mass around the chiral restoration temperature $T_{\rm Ch}$, which would suggest a suppression of $\eta^\prime$ production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The increase of the $\eta^\prime$ mass may also indicate that the extension of the Witten-Veneziano relation to finite temperatures becomes unreliable around and above $T_{\rm Ch}$. Possibilities of an improved treatment are discussed., Comment: 13 pages, 15 figures

The finite temperature phase transition of strongly interacting matter is studied within a nonlocal chiral quark model of the NJL type coupled to a Polyakov loop. In contrast to previous investigations which were restricted to the mean-field approximation, mesonic correlations are included by evaluating the quark-antiquark ring sum. For physical pion masses, we find that the pions dominate the pressure below the phase transition, whereas above T_c the pressure is well described by the mean-field approximation result. For large pion masses, as realized in lattice simulations, the meson effects are suppressed., Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures; version accepted for publication in Yad. Fiz., text extended, 1 figure added

The branching ratios and photon spectra of the rare processes rho(omega)-> pi^0 pi^0 gamma, rho(omega) -> eta pi^0 gamma are calculated in the framework of the standard local quark Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. Three types of diagrams are considered: the quark box and the pole diagrams with scalar (sigma,a_0(980)) and vector (rho,omega) mesons. The obtained estimations for the widths of the processes rho(omega)-> pi^0 pi^0 gamma are in satisfactory agreement with existing experimental data. Predictions are made for the widths of the processes rho(omega) -> eta pi^0 gamma., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Theoretical understanding of experimental results from relativistic heavy-ion collisions requires a microscopic approach to the behavior of QCD n-point functions at finite temperatures, as given by the hierarchy of Dyson-Schwinger equations, properly generalized within the Matsubara formalism. The technical complexity of related finite-temperature calculations however mandates modeling. We present a model where the QCD interaction in the infrared, nonperturbative domain, is modeled by a separable form. Results for the mass spectrum of light quark flavors at finite temperature are presented., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, abbreviated version of hep-ph/0703115, published in proceedings of "Progress in Quark Models", Bled, Slovenia, July 10-17, 2006, editors B. Golli, M. Rosina and S. Sirca, available at www-f1.ijs.si/Bled2006/book.pdf

Theoretical understanding of experimental results from relativistic heavy-ion collisions requires a microscopic approach to the behavior of QCD n-point functions at finite temperatures, as given by the hierarchy of Dyson-Schwinger equations, properly generalized within the Matsubara formalism. The convergence of sums over Matsubara modes is studied. The technical complexity of finite-temperature calculations mandates modeling. We present a model where the QCD interaction in the infrared, nonperturbative domain, is modeled by a separable form. Results for the mass spectrum of light quark flavors (u, d, s) and for the pseudoscalar bound-state amplitudes at finite temperature are presented., Comment: 14 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters, based on invited lectures at "Dense Matter In Heavy Ion Collisions and Astrophysics", 21.08-01.09 2006, Dubna, Russia

The decay width of the process eta -> pi^0 gamma gamma is calculated in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The momentum dependence of quark loops is taken into account. Three types of diagrams are considered: quark box, scalar(a0) and vector(rho, omega) pole diagrams. The obtained estimations are in satisfactory agreement with recent experimental data., Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures

We consider a nonlocal version of the Nambu and Jona-Lasinio model. The nonlocality is contained in the quark-antiquark bilinears of the four-quark vertices as a form factor of the Gaussian type. The model has three parameters which can be fixed in favour of the values of the pion mass, the pion decay constant f_pi, and the current quark mass. The pi pi scattering amplitude is obtained by calculating the quark box and the sigma-pole diagrams, where sigma is the scalar isoscalar meson. It is shown that this amplitude satisfies the well-known Weinberg relation. We obtain the s, p, d wave scattering lengths in all isotopic channels and the s wave slope parameters. The results are in satisfactory agreement with both phenomenological data and the basic requirements of low-energy theorems, thus supporting to the form factor used., Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures

Two-photon decays of vector mesons and dilepton decays of scalar mesons which are forbidden in vacuum and can occur in dense baryonic matter due to the explicit violation of Lorentz symmetry are described within a quark model of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio type. The temperature and chemical potential dependence of these processes is investigated. It is found that their contribution to the production of photons and leptons in heavy-ion collisions is enhanced near the conditions corresponding to the restoration of chiral symmetry. Moreover, in the case of the a_0 meson and especially the \rho-meson, a resonant behaviour (an additional amplification) is observed due to the degeneration of \rho and a_0 masses when a hot hadron matter is approaching a chirally symmetric phase., Comment: 20 figures, IOP style

Two-photon decays of rho and omega mesons and strong decays rho -> eta pi and omega -> pi pi are described in the quark Nambu-Jona-Lasinio(NJL) model in dense medium. Decays of rho-meson are especially interesting because they contain intermediate a_0-meson which became a sharp resonance in the vicinity of phase transition of hadron matter into quark-gluon plasma. This leads to increasing rho decay width and, as a result, two-photon decay of rho-meson in medium became comparable with two-photon decays of scalar and pseudoscalar mesons in vacuum. Similar effect take place in the strong decay rho -> eta pi., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures

Properties and temperature behavior of pi and sigma bound states are studied in the framework of the nonlocal model with a separable interaction kernel based on the quark Dyson-Schwinger and the meson Bethe-Salpeter equations. M_pi(T), f_pi(T), M_sigma(T) and Gamma_{sigma -> pi pi}(T) are considered above and below the deconfinement and chiral restoration transitions., Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, Talk at the Round Table Discussion "Searching for the mixed phase of strongly interacting matter at the JINR Nuclotron", JINR, Dubna, July 7 - 9, 2005. Submitted to Phys.Part.Nucl.Lett

A short review of the development of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model is given. The SU(2)x SU(2) and U(3)x U(3) local quark NJL models are considered. The mechanisms of spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry and vector dominance are shown. The local NJL model allows us to describe the mass spectrum and main strong and electroweak decays of the four ground-state nonets of pseudoscalar, scalar, vector and axial-vector mesons. Applications of this model to the description of mesons in hot and dense medium are discussed. It is shown that for solving problems connected with the description of the meson radial excitations and quark confinement it is necessary to consider a nonlocal extension of the NJL model. The main attention is attracted to the description of the methods used in different versions of the NJL model. Physical results for low-energy hadron physics obtained in these models can be found in the cited works., Comment: 19 pages, 2 figures

The polarizability of a charged pion is estimated in the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model of the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio type. Nonlocality is described by quark form factors of the Gaussian type. It is shown that the polarizability in this model is very sensitive to the form of nonlocality and choice of the model parameters., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

The electromagnetic radius of the charged pion and the transition radius of the neutral pion are calculated in the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model. It is shown in this model that the contributions of vector mesons to the pion radii are noticeably suppressed in comparison with a similar contribution in the local Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The form-factor for the process gamma*pi+pi- is calculated for the -1 GeV^2

The nonlocal version of the SU(2)xSU(2) symmetric four-quark interaction of the NJL type is considered. Each of the quark lines contains the form factors. These form factors remove the ultraviolet divergences in quark loops. The additional condition on quark mass function m(p) ensures the absence of the poles in the quark propagator(quark confinement). The constituent quark mass m(0) is expressed thought the cut-off parameter Lambda, m(0)=Lambda=340 MeV in the chiral limit. These parameters are fixed by the experimental value of the weak pion decay and allow us to describe the mass of the light scalar meson, strong decay rho -> pi pi and D/S ratio in the decay a_1 -> rho pi in satisfactory agreement with experimental data., Comment: 8 pages, 1 figures

The process gamma* gamma -> sigma is investigated in the framework of the SU(2)xSU(2) chiral NJL model. The form factor of the process is derived for arbitrary virtuality of gamma* in the Euclidean kinematic domain. The asymptotic behaviour of this form factor resembles the asymptotic behaviour of the gamma* gamma -> pi form factor., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures; added references

An important role of the scalar isoscalar sigma-meson in the low-energy physics is discussed. The behavior of the sigma-meson in the hot and dense medium is studied. It is shown that in the vicinity of critical values of temperature(T) and chemical potential(m) the sigma-meson can become a sharp resonance. This effect can lead to a strong enhancement of the processes pi pi -> gamma gamma and pi pi-> pi pi near the two-pion threshold. Experimental observation of this phenomenon can be interpreted as a signal of approaching the domain where the chiral symmetry restoration and phase transition of the hadron matter into quark-gluon plasma take place., Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures; figures 6,7 replaced

We study the effect of unitary mixing of scalar and vector fields in general $\xi$ gauge. This effect takes place for non-conserved vector currents and $\xi$ gauge generates some additional problems with unphysical scalar field. We obtained solutions of Dyson-Schwinger equations and perfomed the renormalization of full propagators. The key feature of renormalization is the usage of Ward identity, which relates some different Green functions. We found that using Ward identity leads to disappearing of $\xi$-dependence in renormalized matrix element., Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX2e, 10 figures included