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This article, published in the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, examines the cytotoxicity of milled and 3D-printed PMMA-based resins on oral squamous cancer cells. The study finds that exposure to these resins leads to cytotoxic effects and reduced cell viability, potentially through the activation of apoptosis. The article emphasizes the need for further research in this area and acknowledges the limitations of the study. It also suggests the development of resin-based maxillary obturators to inhibit the growth of residual malignant cells after tumor resection. [Extracted from the article]

The duration of denture use, oral hygiene, smoking and male sex were identified as risk factors for oral mucosal lesions. As it is well known, all the oral mucosal lesions associated with risk factors have an important degree of malignity. Chronic mechanical irritation can be another cause of oral cancer and it is produced by the constant action of a deleterious agent from the oral cavity. Autophagy represents a complex evolutionary conserved catabolic process in which cells self-digest intracellular organelles in order to regulate their normal turnover and remove the damaged ones with compromised function to further maintain homeostasis. Autophagy is modulated by mTOR kinase and indirectly by PI3K/AKT survival pathway. Due to its dual capacity to either induce cell death or promote cell survival, important evidence pointed that autophagy has a two-faced role in response to chemotherapy in cancer. In conclusion, understanding how to overcome cytoprotective autophagy and how to take advantage of autophagic cell death is critical in order to enhance the cancer cells sensitivity to particular therapeutic agents.

Objectives: To compare the clinical results of osteosynthesis with plate and screws versus anterograde locked intramedullary nail in fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis. Material and methods: 184 patients with fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis were included in a prospective study. 82 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws (Group 1), while in 102 cases, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with locked intramedullary nail was performed (Group 2). The 2 groups were similar in terms of age and gender distribution and pattern of fractures. The function of shoulder and elbow were assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Oxford Elbow Score (OES). Operating time, duration of hospital stay, complications and moment of union were recorded. Outcomes: 6 months after surgery the average OSS was 44.42 in Group I and 40.23 in Group II, while the mean OES was 40.88 in Group I and 46.54 in Group II. The average duration of the surgical procedure was 87 min in Group1 and 43 min in the nail group (p<0.001).The mean duration of hospital stay was 2.6 days in Group 1 and 1.8 days in Group 2 (p<0.05). The rate of non-unions was 3.66% in the plate group and 2.94% in the retrograde nail group (p>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical results of the 2 methods of osteosynthesis were similar, but the operating time and the duration of hospital stay were longer after plate osteosynthesis. Shoulder function was slightly impaired in the nail group but not statistically significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In some total knee arthroplasty cases, the usual medial parapatellar approach does not allow the appropriate patellar eversion and the desired exposure of the knee joint. Partial disinsertion of the patellar tendon doesn't substantially improve the surgical exposure and can lead to extensor apparatus weakening and complete secondary ruptures, while the V-Y quadricipital plasty leads to post-op immobilization of the knee, which delays the functional rehabilitation, with negative impact on the range of motion. The tibial tubercle osteotomy, however, allows an extension of the approach in total knee arthroplasty, without endangering the quadricipital extensor apparatus. Material and Methods: In this study we analysed the post-operative results of 11 cases of primary total knee arthroplasty in which a frontal plane osteotomy of the tibial tubercle was performed in addition to the standard medial parapatellar approach, as a result of the patients associated conditions, like rheumatoid arthritis with an extension deficit higher than 150, previous knee synovectomy by arthrotomy, progressive genu varum with more than 150 deviation, varus deviation of the lower limb with previous closing wedge proximal tibial osteotomy or patellar fractures with vicious consolidation. Outcomes: Overall, the results were more than satisfactory with a significant increase in the patients mean range of motion and Knee Society Score. There were some post-op issues in some of the patients, but they were adressed accordingly, having no long-term impact on the results. Conclusions: We could thus conclude that, in special cases, the frontal plane tibial tubercle osteotomy is an effective technique which can provide a wide approach with appropriate protection of the knee extensor apparatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goal: Effectiveness of open subacromial decompression and acromioplasty (on anterior approach) for subacromial impingement syndrome. Materials and methods: The study group is composed of62 patients, 32 women and 30 men, with a mean age of 56.2 years (extremes 39-71) who, between 2002 and 2006, underwent open acromioplasty using transdeltoidian anterior approach, accompanied by previous complete section of coracoacromial ligament and partial subacromial bursectomy for subacronmial impingement syndrome; all patients/mad no lesions of the rotator cuff A local anesthetic/steroid subacromial injection was administered to all patients with a clinical diagnosis of subacromial imnpingemnent syndrome. Among these, 51 patients had a positive injection test but the symptoms came back in less then one year and other 11 patients had a negative injection test but the diagnosis was sustained on MRI (they all together represent the "surgical" group). The results were evaluated according to Constant score at the onset of the disease, after time local anesthetic/ steroid subacromial injection and postoperative at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. Results: The preoperative mean Constant score was 43 points (extremes 19-66), after subacrornial injection 74 (extremes 49-89) and postoperative at 6 weeks 63 (extremes 31-81), at 3 months 76 (extremes 44-93), at 6 months 81 (extremes 48-98). Conclusion: The local anesthetic/steroid subacromial injection is an effective method of diagnosis and treatnient of inflammatory art hropathy. Section ofcoracoacromial ligament, subacromial bursectomy and acromioplasty represent a good option in patients who don't respond to conservative treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

More than 95% of oral cancers are represented by squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). Despite the serious progress concerning the oral cancer treatment made in the last decade, the OSCC prognosis remains poor. Currently, the OSCC detection and diagnosis is mainly based on clinical oral examination combined with biopsy for a histopathological examination if a suspect area is detected. Our study has included 20 patients (12 females and 8 males) diagnosed with OSCC. TAC, OXSR1 and MMP-9 were measured in the tumoral cells lysates by ELISA. Our results revealed that the MMP-9 levels were significantly and negatively correlated with OXSR1 levels. Also, our study results illustrated a significant positive correlation of TAC with OXSR1. In conclusion, corroborating our findings with literature reports, we can outline that OXSR1 and MMP-9, together, possibly, with TAC, could be regarded as new steps in order to elaborate diagnostic tools for early detection OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The final product of purine bases degradation in humans, reptiles and other primates is uric acid. The serum level of uric acid can be influenced by diet, certain systemic pathologies and a decreased renal excretion. Xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyzes the formation of uric acid with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), being active in physiological stress and ischemia. Uric acid has an antioxidant role at the extracellular level, but also in certain biological fluids such as saliva. In the intracellular environment of endothelial cells it plays a prooxidant role in conditions of hyperuricemia, contributing to the decrease of nitric oxide (NO) level, leading to endothelial dysfunction and the development of hypertension. The purpose of this review is to present the synthesis and biological effects of uric acid, the effects of hyperuricemia on NO production, and the link between hyperuricemia, endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AKT or protein kinase B is a serine / threonine kinase that plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, survival, growth, and glucose metabolism. So far, there have been discovered 3 isoforms of AKT, the most widespread in the tissues is AKT1. All isoforms present similar structure being activated by the phosphorylation process at the level of 2 hydroxyl amino acids serine and threonine. After activation, AKT will phosphorylate a number of protein substrates which it will activate or inhibit, finally leading to lipids, proteins, glycogen or nucleotides synthesis. In this review, we will discuss the structure of these protein kinases, the molecular mechanism of activation and the phosphorylation effects on other cellular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the oral cavity that usually affects the adult population. In the last two decades, many specialized studies have reported that there is a link between periodontitis, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Main factors that lead to periodontal disease installation are several bacterial species that induce both local and systemic inflammation, negatively contributing to the progression of cardiovascular diseases. One of the many complications of diabetes mellitus is periodontitis, there is a two-way relationship between these two diseases. The purpose of this review is to analyze the recent data provided by the literature regarding the relationship between oral periodontal pathogens and systemic health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the clinical results of osteosynthesis with plate and screws versus anterograde locked intramedullary nail in fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis., Material and Methods: 184 patients with fractures of the distal third of humeral diaphysis were included in a prospective study. 82 patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws (Group 1), while in 102 cases, closed reduction and osteosynthesis with locked intramedullary nail was performed (Group 2). The 2 groups were similar in terms of age and gender distribution and pattern of fractures. The function of shoulder and elbow were assessed using the Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) and Oxford Elbow Score (OES). Operating time, duration of hospital stay, complications and moment of union were recorded., Outcomes: 6 months after surgery the average OSS was 44.42 in Group I and 40.23 in Group II, while the mean OES was 40.88 in Group I and 46.54 in Group II. The average duration of the surgical procedure was 87 min in Group1 and 43 min in the nail group (p<0.001).The mean duration of hospital stay was 2.6 days in Group 1 and 1.8 days in Group 2 (p<0.05). The rate of non-unions was 3.66% in the plate group and 2.94% in the retrograde nail group (p>0.05)., Conclusions: The clinical results of the 2 methods of osteosynthesis were similar, but the operating time and the duration of hospital stay were longer after plate osteosynthesis. Shoulder function was slightly impaired in the nail group but not statistically significant.

Saliva, the most available and non-invasive biofluid of the human body, permanently "bathes" the oral cavity and is trying to cope with an ever-changing milieu. The oral cavity, a very complex and unique milieu due to its dual function, is the only place in the body where the mineralized tissue is exposed to the external environment in which there are complex interactions between various surfaces: host soft and hard tissues, food, air, and microorganisms. Saliva includes a large number of inorganic and organic compounds, which act as a "mirror of the body's health." In addition to its other functions, saliva could constitute the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Due to its composition and functions, saliva could have a significant role in controlling and/or modulating oxidative damages in the oral cavity. As a diagnostic fluid, saliva offers distinctive advantages over serum. Furthermore, saliva may provide a cost-effective approach for the screening of large populations. Gland-specific saliva can be used for diagnosis of pathology specific to one of the major salivary glands. Whole saliva, however, is most frequently used for diagnosis of systemic diseases. As we enter the era of genomic medicine, sialochemistry will play an increasingly important role in the early detection, the monitoring and progression of the systemic and oral diseases. We reviewed the current data within literature and of our research concerning clinical potential of the saliva.