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3. EUREC 4 A

Author

Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, de Boer, Gijs, Delanoë, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kölling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Léa, Pincus, Robert, Pöhlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sébastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frédéric, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Böing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, Brügmann, Björn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato Jr., Gregory, Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Céline, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, Dörner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dütsch, Marina, Ehrlich, André, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-Claude, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, de Graaf, Dörte, de Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Güttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Körner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Krüger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hégaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschützer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clément, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Rémi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolò, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-Als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, McGeary, Wayne, McWilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Möller, Gregor, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pöhlker, Christopher, Pörtge, Veronika, Pöschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michał, Prange, Marc, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Röttenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schäfer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schröder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Späth, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkółka, Wojciech, de Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stéphane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zöger, Martin

Abstract

Abstract. The science guiding the EUREC4A campaign and its measurements is presented. EUREC4A comprised roughly 5 weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic – eastward and southeastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, EUREC4A marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or the life cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso- (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly 400 h of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft; four global-class research vessels; an advanced ground-based cloud observatory; scores of autonomous observing platforms operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10 000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air–sea interface; a network of water stable isotopologue measurements; targeted tasking of satellite remote sensing; and modeling with a new generation of weather and climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that EUREC4A explored – from North Brazil Current rings to turbulence-induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation – are presented along with an overview of EUREC4A's outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice. Track data for all platforms are standardized and accessible at https://doi.org/10.25326/165 (Stevens, 2021), and a film documenting the campaign is provided as a video supplement.

Published
2023

4. Assessing the weather conditions for urban cyclists by spatially dense measurements with an agent‐based approach.

Author

Schmitt, Amelie U., Burgemeister, Finn, Dorff, Henning, Finn, Tobias, Hansen, Akio, Kirsch, Bastian, Lange, Ingo, Radtke, Jule, and Ament, Felix

Subjects
CYCLISTS, CYCLING, WIND forecasting, RADAR meteorology, FALSE alarms
Abstract

Convincing commuters to use a bike is a timely contribution to reach sustainability goals. However, more than other modes of transportation, cycling is heavily influenced by the current meteorological conditions. In this study, we assess the weather conditions experienced on individual cycling routes through an urban environment and how weather observations and forecasts may give guidance to a better cycling experience. We introduce an agent‐based model that simulates cycling trips in Hamburg, Germany, and a three‐category traffic light scheme for precipitation, wind and temperature comfort. We use these tools to evaluate the cycling weather based on the commonly used single‐station measurement approach versus spatially dense observations from an urban station network and radar measurements. Analysis of long‐term data from a single station shows that most frequently discomfort is caused by temperature with a probability of 33%. Wind and precipitation discomfort occur only for about 5% of the rides. While temperature conditions can be well assessed by a single station, only one‐third of critical precipitation events and less than 10% of critical wind events are captured. With perfect knowledge, temporal flexibility in start time of less than ±30 min reduces the risk of getting wet by 50%. For precipitation, nowcasting is able to predict 30% of the critical events correctly, which is significantly better than model forecasts. Operational ensemble forecast provides satisfactory guidance concerning temperature; however, the limited predictability of precipitation and wind renders these forecasts only useful for riders with a high risk‐awareness and small sensitivity to false alarms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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5. Spatial Organisation Affects the Pathway to Precipitation in Simulated Trade‐Wind Convection.

Author

Radtke, Jule, Vogel, Raphaela, Ament, Felix, and Naumann, Ann Kristin

Subjects
*RAINDROP size, *RAINFALL, *CLOUD droplets, *VERTICAL motion, *RAINDROPS, *ICE clouds, *RAIN-making
Abstract

We investigate whether and how spatial organization affects the pathway to precipitation in large‐domain hectometer simulations of the North Atlantic trades. We decompose the development of surface precipitation (P) in warm shallow trade cumulus into a formation phase, where cloud condensate is converted into rain, and a sedimentation phase, where rain falls toward the ground while some of it evaporates. With strengthened organization, rain forms in weaker updrafts from smaller cloud droplets so that cloud condensate is less efficiently converted into rain. At the same time, organization creates a locally moister environment and modulates the microphysical conversion processes that determine the raindrops' size. This reduces evaporation and more of the formed rain reaches the ground. Organization thus affects how the two phases contribute to P, but only weakly affects the total precipitation efficiency. We conclude that the pathway to precipitation differs with organization and suggest that organization buffers rain development. Plain Language Summary: Clouds in the trade‐wind region organize into a variety of spatial patterns. We investigate how this spatial organization influences rain development in simulations of trade‐wind convection. We divide the formation of surface precipitation into two phases. In the first phase, rain forms from the collision of cloud droplets or the collection of cloud droplets by raindrops. In the second phase, rain falls toward the ground while some of the rain evaporates. Our study shows that as organization strengthens, rain forms less efficiently, but a larger fraction of that rain reaches the ground as evaporation is reduced. Thus, organization in the simulations affects the way surface rain is generated. Our analyses suggest that it does so by modulating the cloud vertical motion in which rain forms, the local moisture environment through which rain falls and the microphysical conversion processes. Key Points: The development of surface precipitation in simulated trade‐wind convection is decomposed into a formation and sedimentation phaseAs organization strengthens, less cloud condensate is converted into rain, but more rain reaches the ground as evaporation is suppressedOrganization affects rain formation by modulating the local moisture environment, cloud vertical motion and microphysical properties [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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7. The relationship between precipitation and its spatial pattern in the trades observed during EUREC4A

Author

Radtke, Jule, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Hagen, Martin, Ament, Felix, 1 Meteorological Institute, Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability Universität Hamburg Hamburg Germany, and 4 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre Oberpfaffenhofen Germany

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, ddc:551.5, weather radar, precipitation cells, EUREC4A, Trade wind region
Abstract

Trade wind convection organises into a rich spectrum of spatial patterns, often in conjunction with precipitation development. Which role spatial organisation plays for precipitation and vice versa is not well understood. We analyse scenes of trade‐wind convection scanned by the C‐band radar Poldirad during the EUREC4A field campaign to investigate how trade‐wind precipitation fields are spatially organised, quantified by the cells' number, mean size, and spatial arrangement, and how this matters for precipitation characteristics. We find that the mean rain rate (i.e., the amount of precipitation in a scene) and the intensity of precipitation (mean conditional rain rate) relate differently to the spatial pattern of precipitation. Whereas the amount of precipitation increases with mean cell size or number, as it scales well with the precipitation fraction, the intensity increases predominantly with mean cell size. In dry scenes, the increase of precipitation intensity with mean cell size is stronger than in moist scenes. Dry scenes usually contain fewer cells with a higher degree of clustering than moist scenes do. High precipitation intensities hence typically occur in dry scenes with rather large, few, and strongly clustered cells, whereas high precipitation amounts typically occur in moist scenes with rather large, numerous, and weakly clustered cells. As cell size influences both the intensity and amount of precipitation, its importance is highlighted. Our analyses suggest that the cells' spatial arrangement, correlating mainly weakly with precipitation characteristics, is of second‐order importance for precipitation across all regimes, but it could be important for high precipitation intensities and to maintain precipitation amounts in dry environments., We analyse scenes of trade‐wind convection scanned by the C‐band radar Poldirad during the EUREC4A field campaign to investigate how trade‐wind precipitation fields are spatially organised, quantified by the cells' number, mean size, and spatial arrangement, and how this matters for precipitation characteristics. We conclude that the cells' size is important for both the amount and intensity of precipitation, whereas the cells' spatial arrangement is of second‐order importance for precipitation across all regimes, but possibly important for precipitation in dry environments., Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy—EXC 2037 'CLICCS—Climate, Climatic Change, and Society', https://doi.org/10.25326/217, https://doi.org/10.25326/79

Published
2022

10. EUREC4A's HALO

Author

Konow, Heike, Ewald, Florian, George, Geet, Jacob, Marek, Klingebiel, Marcus, Kölling, Tobias, Luebke, Anna E., Mieslinger, Theresa, Pörtge, Veronika, Radtke, Jule, Schäfer, Michael, Schulz, Hauke, Vogel, Raphaela, Wirth, Martin, Bony, Sandrine, Crewell, Susanne, Ehrlich, André, Forster, Linda, Giez, Andreas, Gödde, Felix, Groß, Silke Martha, Gutleben, Manuel, Hagen, Martin, Hirsch, Lutz, Jansen, Friedhelm, Lang, Theresa, Mayer, Bernhard, Mech, Mario, Prange, Marc, Schnitt, Sabrina, Vial, Jessica, Walbröl, Andreas, Wendisch, Manfred, Wolf, Kevin, Zinner, Tobias, Zöger, Martin, Ament, Felix, and Stevens, Björn

Subjects
Circulation, Clouds, Airborne Campaign, Convection, Data Paper
Abstract

As part of the EUREC(4)A (Elucidating the role of cloud-circulation coupling in climate) field campaign, the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft), configured as a cloud observatory, conducted 15 research flights in the trade-wind region east of Barbados in January and February 2020. Narrative text, aircraft state data, and metadata describing HALO's operation during the campaign are provided. Each HALO research flight is segmented by timestamp intervals into standard elements to aid the consistent analysis of the flight data. Photographs from HALO's cabin and animated satellite images synchronized with flight tracks are provided to visually document flight conditions. As a comprehensive product from the remote sensing observations, a multi-sensor cloud mask product is derived and quantifies the incidence of clouds observed during the flights. In addition, to lower the threshold for new users of HALO's data, a collection of use cases is compiled into an online book, How to EUREC(4)A, included as an asset with this paper. This online book provides easy access to most of EUREC(4)A's HALO data through an intake catalogue. Code and data are freely available at the locations specified in Table 6.

Published
2021

13. EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's <i>HALO</i>

Author

Konow, Heike, primary, Ewald, Florian, additional, George, Geet, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Luebke, Anna E., additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gödde, Felix, additional, Groß, Silke, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Walbröl, Andreas, additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, Zöger, Martin, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, and Stevens, Bjorn, additional

Published
2021
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14. JOANNE: Joint dropsonde Observations of the Atmosphere in tropical North atlaNtic meso-scale Environments

Author

George, Geet, primary, Stevens, Bjorn, additional, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Pincus, Robert, additional, Fairall, Chris, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Kalen, Quinn T., additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Konow, Heike, additional, Lundry, Ashley, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, and Radtke, Jule, additional

Published
2021
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16. EUREC<sup>4</sup>A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, primary, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Farrell, David, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, Blyth, Alan, additional, Fairall, Christopher, additional, Karstensen, Johannes, additional, Quinn, Patricia K., additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Acquistapace, Claudia, additional, Aemisegger, Franziska, additional, Albright, Anna Lea, additional, Bellenger, Hugo, additional, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, additional, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, additional, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Denby, Leif, additional, Ewald, Florian, additional, Fildier, Benjamin, additional, Forde, Marvin, additional, George, Geet, additional, Gross, Silke, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hausold, Andrea, additional, Heywood, Karen J., additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Kinne, Stefan, additional, Klocke, Daniel, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Konow, Heike, additional, Lothon, Marie, additional, Mohr, Wiebke, additional, Naumann, Ann Kristin, additional, Nuijens, Louise, additional, Olivier, Léa, additional, Pincus, Robert, additional, Pöhlker, Mira, additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Roberts, Gregory, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Siebesma, A. Pier, additional, Stephan, Claudia Christine, additional, Sullivan, Peter, additional, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Zuidema, Paquita, additional, Alexander, Nicola, additional, Alves, Lyndon, additional, Arixi, Sophian, additional, Asmath, Hamish, additional, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, additional, Baier, Katharina, additional, Bailey, Adriana, additional, Baranowski, Dariusz, additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Barrau, Sébastien, additional, Barrett, Paul A., additional, Batier, Frédéric, additional, Behrendt, Andreas, additional, Bendinger, Arne, additional, Beucher, Florent, additional, Bigorre, Sebastien, additional, Blades, Edmund, additional, Blossey, Peter, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Böing, Steven, additional, Bosser, Pierre, additional, Bourras, Denis, additional, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, additional, Bower, Keith, additional, Branellec, Pierre, additional, Branger, Hubert, additional, Brennek, Michal, additional, Brewer, Alan, additional, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, additional, Brügmann, Björn, additional, Buehler, Stefan A., additional, Burke, Elmo, additional, Burton, Ralph, additional, Calmer, Radiance, additional, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, additional, Carton, Xavier, additional, Cato Jr., Gregory, additional, Charles, Jude Andre, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chen, Yanxu, additional, Chilinski, Michal T., additional, Choularton, Thomas, additional, Chuang, Patrick, additional, Clarke, Shamal, additional, Coe, Hugh, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Coutris, Pierre, additional, Couvreux, Fleur, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Cronin, Timothy, additional, Cui, Zhiqiang, additional, Cuypers, Yannis, additional, Daley, Alton, additional, Damerell, Gillian M., additional, Dauhut, Thibaut, additional, Deneke, Hartwig, additional, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dörner, Steffen, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Douet, Vincent, additional, Drushka, Kyla, additional, Dütsch, Marina, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Emanuel, Kerry, additional, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, additional, Etienne, Jean-Claude, additional, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, additional, Faure, Ghislain, additional, Feingold, Graham, additional, Ferrero, Luca, additional, Fix, Andreas, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, additional, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Furtuna, Iulian, additional, Gadian, Alan, additional, Galewsky, Joseph, additional, Gallagher, Martin, additional, Gallimore, Peter, additional, Gaston, Cassandra, additional, Gentemann, Chelle, additional, Geyskens, Nicolas, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gollop, John, additional, Gouirand, Isabelle, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, de Graaf, Dörte, additional, de Groot, Geiske E., additional, Grosz, Robert, additional, Güttler, Johannes, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hall, Kashawn, additional, Harris, George, additional, Helfer, Kevin C., additional, Henze, Dean, additional, Herbert, Calvert, additional, Holanda, Bruna, additional, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, additional, Intrieri, Janet, additional, Iyer, Suneil, additional, Julien, Fabrice, additional, Kalesse, Heike, additional, Kazil, Jan, additional, Kellman, Alexander, additional, Kidane, Abiel T., additional, Kirchner, Ulrike, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Körner, Mareike, additional, Kremper, Leslie Ann, additional, Kretzschmar, Jan, additional, Krüger, Ovid, additional, Kumala, Wojciech, additional, Kurz, Armin, additional, L'Hégaret, Pierre, additional, Labaste, Matthieu, additional, Lachlan-Cope, Tom, additional, Laing, Arlene, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Lange, Diego, additional, Lange, Ingo, additional, Laplace, Clément, additional, Lavik, Gauke, additional, Laxenaire, Rémi, additional, Le Bihan, Caroline, additional, Leandro, Mason, additional, Lefevre, Nathalie, additional, Lena, Marius, additional, Lenschow, Donald, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Lloyd, Gary, additional, Los, Sebastian, additional, Losi, Niccolò, additional, Lovell, Oscar, additional, Luneau, Christopher, additional, Makuch, Przemyslaw, additional, Malinowski, Szymon, additional, Manta, Gaston, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Marsden, Nicholas, additional, Masson, Sebastien, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mayers-Als, Margarette, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, McGeary, Wayne, additional, McWilliams, James C., additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Mehlmann, Melina, additional, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Minikin, Andreas, additional, Minnett, Peter, additional, Möller, Gregor, additional, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, additional, Muller, Caroline, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Napoli, Anna, additional, Neuberger, Almuth, additional, Noisel, Christophe, additional, Noone, David, additional, Nordsiek, Freja, additional, Nowak, Jakub L., additional, Oswald, Lothar, additional, Parker, Douglas J., additional, Peck, Carolyn, additional, Person, Renaud, additional, Philippi, Miriam, additional, Plueddemann, Albert, additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pologne, Lawrence, additional, Posyniak, Michał, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Ramage, Karim, additional, Reimann, Jens, additional, Renault, Lionel, additional, Reus, Klaus, additional, Reyes, Ashford, additional, Ribbe, Joachim, additional, Ringel, Maximilian, additional, Ritschel, Markus, additional, Rocha, Cesar B., additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Röttenbacher, Johannes, additional, Rollo, Callum, additional, Royer, Haley, additional, Sadoulet, Pauline, additional, Saffin, Leo, additional, Sandiford, Sanola, additional, Sandu, Irina, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schemann, Vera, additional, Schirmacher, Imke, additional, Schlenczek, Oliver, additional, Schmidt, Jerome, additional, Schröder, Marcel, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sealy, Andrea, additional, Senff, Christoph J., additional, Serikov, Ilya, additional, Shohan, Samkeyat, additional, Siddle, Elizabeth, additional, Smirnov, Alexander, additional, Späth, Florian, additional, Spooner, Branden, additional, Stolla, M. Katharina, additional, Szkółka, Wojciech, additional, de Szoeke, Simon P., additional, Tarot, Stéphane, additional, Tetoni, Eleni, additional, Thompson, Elizabeth, additional, Thomson, Jim, additional, Tomassini, Lorenzo, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Ubele, Alma Anna, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, von Arx, Jan, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Walther, Andi, additional, Webber, Ben, additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Whitehall, Shanice, additional, Wiltshire, Anton, additional, Wing, Allison A., additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Wiskandt, Jonathan, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Worbes, Ludwig, additional, Wright, Ethan, additional, Wulfmeyer, Volker, additional, Young, Shanea, additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Ziemen, Florian, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, and Zöger, Martin, additional

Published
2021
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17. EUREC<sup>4</sup>A's HALO

Author

Konow, Heike, primary, Ewald, Florian, additional, George, Geet, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Luebke, Anna E., additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gödde, Felix, additional, Groß, Silke, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Walbröl, Andreas, additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, Zöger, Martin, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, and Stevens, Bjorn, additional

Published
2021
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18. EUREC4A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-ann, Chewitt-lucas, Rebecca, De Boer, Gijs, Delanoe, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kolling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Lea, Pincus, Robert, Pohlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touze-peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sebastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frederic, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Boing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre Etienne, Brugmann, Bjorn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Celine, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-philippe, Dorner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dutsch, Marina, Ehrlich, Andre, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-claude, Etienne-leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, De Graaf, Dorte, De Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Guttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Korner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Kruger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hegaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschutzer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clement, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Remi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolo, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, Mcgeary, Wayne, Mcwilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Moller, Gregor, Avalos, Yanmichel Morfa, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pohlker, Christopher, Portge, Veronika, Poschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michal, Prange, Marc, Melendez, Estefania Quinones, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Rottenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schafer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schroder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Spath, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkolka, Wojciech, De Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stephane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, Von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, Zoger, Martin, Stevens, Bjorn, Bony, Sandrine, Farrell, David, Ament, Felix, Blyth, Alan, Fairall, Christopher, Karstensen, Johannes, Quinn, Patricia K., Speich, Sabrina, Acquistapace, Claudia, Aemisegger, Franziska, Albright, Anna Lea, Bellenger, Hugo, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, Caesar, Kathy-ann, Chewitt-lucas, Rebecca, De Boer, Gijs, Delanoe, Julien, Denby, Leif, Ewald, Florian, Fildier, Benjamin, Forde, Marvin, George, Geet, Gross, Silke, Hagen, Martin, Hausold, Andrea, Heywood, Karen J., Hirsch, Lutz, Jacob, Marek, Jansen, Friedhelm, Kinne, Stefan, Klocke, Daniel, Kolling, Tobias, Konow, Heike, Lothon, Marie, Mohr, Wiebke, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Nuijens, Louise, Olivier, Lea, Pincus, Robert, Pohlker, Mira, Reverdin, Gilles, Roberts, Gregory, Schnitt, Sabrina, Schulz, Hauke, Siebesma, A. Pier, Stephan, Claudia Christine, Sullivan, Peter, Touze-peiffer, Ludovic, Vial, Jessica, Vogel, Raphaela, Zuidema, Paquita, Alexander, Nicola, Alves, Lyndon, Arixi, Sophian, Asmath, Hamish, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, Baier, Katharina, Bailey, Adriana, Baranowski, Dariusz, Baron, Alexandre, Barrau, Sebastien, Barrett, Paul A., Batier, Frederic, Behrendt, Andreas, Bendinger, Arne, Beucher, Florent, Bigorre, Sebastien, Blades, Edmund, Blossey, Peter, Bock, Olivier, Boing, Steven, Bosser, Pierre, Bourras, Denis, Bouruet-aubertot, Pascale, Bower, Keith, Branellec, Pierre, Branger, Hubert, Brennek, Michal, Brewer, Alan, Brilouet, Pierre Etienne, Brugmann, Bjorn, Buehler, Stefan A., Burke, Elmo, Burton, Ralph, Calmer, Radiance, Canonici, Jean-christophe, Carton, Xavier, Cato, Gregory, Jr., Charles, Jude Andre, Chazette, Patrick, Chen, Yanxu, Chilinski, Michal T., Choularton, Thomas, Chuang, Patrick, Clarke, Shamal, Coe, Hugh, Cornet, Celine, Coutris, Pierre, Couvreux, Fleur, Crewell, Susanne, Cronin, Timothy, Cui, Zhiqiang, Cuypers, Yannis, Daley, Alton, Damerell, Gillian M., Dauhut, Thibaut, Deneke, Hartwig, Desbios, Jean-philippe, Dorner, Steffen, Donner, Sebastian, Douet, Vincent, Drushka, Kyla, Dutsch, Marina, Ehrlich, Andre, Emanuel, Kerry, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, Etienne, Jean-claude, Etienne-leblanc, Sheryl, Faure, Ghislain, Feingold, Graham, Ferrero, Luca, Fix, Andreas, Flamant, Cyrille, Flatau, Piotr Jacek, Foltz, Gregory R., Forster, Linda, Furtuna, Iulian, Gadian, Alan, Galewsky, Joseph, Gallagher, Martin, Gallimore, Peter, Gaston, Cassandra, Gentemann, Chelle, Geyskens, Nicolas, Giez, Andreas, Gollop, John, Gouirand, Isabelle, Gourbeyre, Christophe, De Graaf, Dorte, De Groot, Geiske E., Grosz, Robert, Guttler, Johannes, Gutleben, Manuel, Hall, Kashawn, Harris, George, Helfer, Kevin C., Henze, Dean, Herbert, Calvert, Holanda, Bruna, Ibanez-landeta, Antonio, Intrieri, Janet, Iyer, Suneil, Julien, Fabrice, Kalesse, Heike, Kazil, Jan, Kellman, Alexander, Kidane, Abiel T., Kirchner, Ulrike, Klingebiel, Marcus, Korner, Mareike, Kremper, Leslie Ann, Kretzschmar, Jan, Kruger, Ovid, Kumala, Wojciech, Kurz, Armin, L'Hegaret, Pierre, Labaste, Matthieu, Lachlan-cope, Tom, Laing, Arlene, Landschutzer, Peter, Lang, Theresa, Lange, Diego, Lange, Ingo, Laplace, Clement, Lavik, Gauke, Laxenaire, Remi, Le Bihan, Caroline, Leandro, Mason, Lefevre, Nathalie, Lena, Marius, Lenschow, Donald, Li, Qiang, Lloyd, Gary, Los, Sebastian, Losi, Niccolo, Lovell, Oscar, Luneau, Christopher, Makuch, Przemyslaw, Malinowski, Szymon, Manta, Gaston, Marinou, Eleni, Marsden, Nicholas, Masson, Sebastien, Maury, Nicolas, Mayer, Bernhard, Mayers-als, Margarette, Mazel, Christophe, Mcgeary, Wayne, Mcwilliams, James C., Mech, Mario, Mehlmann, Melina, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, Mieslinger, Theresa, Minikin, Andreas, Minnett, Peter, Moller, Gregor, Avalos, Yanmichel Morfa, Muller, Caroline, Musat, Ionela, Napoli, Anna, Neuberger, Almuth, Noisel, Christophe, Noone, David, Nordsiek, Freja, Nowak, Jakub L., Oswald, Lothar, Parker, Douglas J., Peck, Carolyn, Person, Renaud, Philippi, Miriam, Plueddemann, Albert, Pohlker, Christopher, Portge, Veronika, Poschl, Ulrich, Pologne, Lawrence, Posyniak, Michal, Prange, Marc, Melendez, Estefania Quinones, Radtke, Jule, Ramage, Karim, Reimann, Jens, Renault, Lionel, Reus, Klaus, Reyes, Ashford, Ribbe, Joachim, Ringel, Maximilian, Ritschel, Markus, Rocha, Cesar B., Rochetin, Nicolas, Rottenbacher, Johannes, Rollo, Callum, Royer, Haley, Sadoulet, Pauline, Saffin, Leo, Sandiford, Sanola, Sandu, Irina, Schafer, Michael, Schemann, Vera, Schirmacher, Imke, Schlenczek, Oliver, Schmidt, Jerome, Schroder, Marcel, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, Sealy, Andrea, Senff, Christoph J., Serikov, Ilya, Shohan, Samkeyat, Siddle, Elizabeth, Smirnov, Alexander, Spath, Florian, Spooner, Branden, Stolla, M. Katharina, Szkolka, Wojciech, De Szoeke, Simon P., Tarot, Stephane, Tetoni, Eleni, Thompson, Elizabeth, Thomson, Jim, Tomassini, Lorenzo, Totems, Julien, Ubele, Alma Anna, Villiger, Leonie, Von Arx, Jan, Wagner, Thomas, Walther, Andi, Webber, Ben, Wendisch, Manfred, Whitehall, Shanice, Wiltshire, Anton, Wing, Allison A., Wirth, Martin, Wiskandt, Jonathan, Wolf, Kevin, Worbes, Ludwig, Wright, Ethan, Wulfmeyer, Volker, Young, Shanea, Zhang, Chidong, Zhang, Dongxiao, Ziemen, Florian, Zinner, Tobias, and Zoger, Martin

Abstract

The science guiding the \EURECA campaign and its measurements are presented. \EURECA comprised roughly five weeks of measurements in the downstream winter trades of the North Atlantic — eastward and south-eastward of Barbados. Through its ability to characterize processes operating across a wide range of scales, \EURECA marked a turning point in our ability to observationally study factors influencing clouds in the trades, how they will respond to warming, and their link to other components of the earth system, such as upper-ocean processes or, or the life-cycle of particulate matter. This characterization was made possible by thousands (2500) of sondes distributed to measure circulations on meso (200 km) and larger (500 km) scales, roughly four hundred hours of flight time by four heavily instrumented research aircraft, four global-ocean class research vessels, an advanced ground-based cloud observatory, a flotilla of autonomous or tethered measurement devices operating in the upper ocean (nearly 10000 profiles), lower atmosphere (continuous profiling), and along the air-sea interface, a network of water stable isotopologue measurements, complemented by special programmes of satellite remote sensing and modeling with a new generation of weather/climate models. In addition to providing an outline of the novel measurements and their composition into a unified and coordinated campaign, the six distinct scientific facets that \EURECA explored — from Brazil Ring Current Eddies to turbulence induced clustering of cloud droplets and its influence on warm-rain formation — are presented along with an overview \EURECA’s outreach activities, environmental impact, and guidelines for scientific practice.

Published
2021
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19. Shallow cumulus cloud feedback in large eddy simulations - bridging the gap to storm-resolving models

Author

Radtke, Jule, Mauritsen, Thorsten, Hohenegger, Cathy, Radtke, Jule, Mauritsen, Thorsten, and Hohenegger, Cathy

Abstract

The response of shallow trade cumulus clouds to global warming is a leading source of uncertainty in projections of the Earth's changing climate. A setup based on the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean field campaign is used to simulate a shallow trade wind cumulus field with the Icosahedral Nonhydrostatic Large Eddy Model in a control and a perturbed 4K warmer climate, while degrading horizontal resolution from 100 m to 5 km. As the resolution is coarsened, the base-state cloud fraction increases substantially, especially near cloud base, lateral mixing is weaker, and cloud tops reach higher. Nevertheless, the overall vertical structure of the cloud layer is surprisingly robust across resolutions. In a warmer climate, cloud cover reduces, alone constituting a positive shortwave cloud feedback: the strength correlates with the amount of base-state cloud fraction and thus is stronger at coarser resolutions. Cloud thickening, resulting from more water vapour availability for condensation in a warmer climate, acts as a compensating feedback, but unlike the cloud cover reduction it is largely resolution independent. Therefore, refining the resolution leads to convergence to a near-zero shallow cumulus feedback. This dependence holds in experiments with enhanced realism including precipitation processes or warming along a moist adiabat instead of uniform warming. Insofar as these findings carry over to other models, they suggest that storm-resolving models may exaggerate the trade wind cumulus cloud feedback.

Published
2021
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23. EUREC4A

Author

Stevens, Bjorn, primary, Bony, Sandrine, additional, Farrell, David, additional, Ament, Felix, additional, Blyth, Alan M., additional, Fairall, Christopher W., additional, Karstensen, Johannes, additional, Quinn, Patricia K., additional, Speich, Sabrina, additional, Acquistapace, Claudia, additional, Aemisegger, Franziska, additional, Albright, Anna Lea, additional, Bellenger, Hugo, additional, Bodenschatz, Eberhard, additional, Caesar, Kathy-Ann, additional, Chewitt-Lucas, Rebecca, additional, de Boer, Gijs, additional, Delanoë, Julien, additional, Denby, Leif Christopher, additional, Ewald, Florian, additional, Fildier, Benjamin, additional, Forde, Marvin, additional, George, Geet, additional, Gross, Silke, additional, Hagen, Martin, additional, Hausold, Andrea, additional, Heywood, Karen J., additional, Hirsch, Lutz, additional, Jacob, Marek, additional, Jansen, Friedhelm, additional, Kinne, Stefan, additional, Klocke, Daniel, additional, Kölling, Tobias, additional, Konow, Heike, additional, Lothon, Marie, additional, Mohr, Wiebke, additional, Naumann, Ann Kristin, additional, Nuijens, Louise, additional, Olivier, Léa, additional, Pincus, Robert, additional, Pöhlker, Mira L., additional, Reverdin, Gilles, additional, Roberts, Gregory, additional, Schnitt, Sabrina, additional, Schulz, Hauke, additional, Siebesma, Pier, additional, Stephan, Claudia Christine, additional, Sullivan, Peter P, additional, Touzé-Peiffer, Ludovic, additional, Vial, Jessica, additional, Vogel, Raphaela, additional, Zuidema, Paquita, additional, Alexander, Nicola, additional, Alves, Lyndon, additional, Arixi, Sophian, additional, Asmath, Hamish, additional, Bagheri, Gholamhossein, additional, Baier, Katharina, additional, Bailey, Adriana, additional, Baranowski, Dariusz B., additional, Baron, Alexandre, additional, Barrau, Sébastien, additional, Barrett, Paul Alan, additional, Batier, Frédéric, additional, Behrendt, Andreas, additional, Bendinger, Arne, additional, Beucher, Florent, additional, Bigorre, Sebastien, additional, Blades, Edmund, additional, Bock, Olivier, additional, Boeing, Steven J, additional, Bosser, Pierre, additional, Bourras, Denis, additional, Bouruet-Aubertot, Pascale, additional, Bower, Keith, additional, Branellec, Pierre, additional, Branger, Hubert, additional, Brennek, Michal, additional, Brewer, Alan, additional, Brilouet, Pierre-Etienne, additional, Brügmann, Björn, additional, Buehler, Stefan Alexander, additional, Burke, Elmo, additional, Burton, Ralph, additional, Calmer, Radiance, additional, Canonici, Jean-Christophe, additional, Carton, Xavier J., additional, Cato, Gregory, additional, Charles, Jude Andre, additional, Chazette, Patrick, additional, Chen, Yanxu, additional, Chiliński, Michał T, additional, Choularton, Tom, additional, Chuang, Patrick Y., additional, Clarke, Shamal, additional, Coe, Hugh, additional, Cornet, Céline, additional, Coutris, Pierre, additional, Couvreux, Fleur, additional, Crewell, Susanne, additional, Cronin, Timothy Wallace, additional, Cui, Zhiqiang, additional, Cuypers, Yannis, additional, Daley, Alton, additional, Damerell, Gillian Mary, additional, Dauhut, Thibaut, additional, Deneke, Hartwig M, additional, Desbios, Jean-Philippe, additional, Dörner, Steffen, additional, Donner, Sebastian, additional, Douet, Vincent, additional, Drushka, Kyla, additional, Dütsch, Marina, additional, Ehrlich, André, additional, Emanual, Kerry, additional, Emmanouilidis, Alexandros, additional, Etienne, Jean-Claude, additional, Etienne-Leblanc, Sheryl, additional, Faure, Ghislain, additional, Feingold, Graham, additional, Ferrero, Luca, additional, Fix, Andreas, additional, Flamant, Cyrille, additional, Flatau, Piotr J., additional, Foltz, Gregory R., additional, Forster, Linda, additional, Furtuna, Iulian, additional, Gadian, Alan, additional, Galewsky, Joseph, additional, Gallagher, Martin, additional, Gallimore, Peter, additional, Gaston, Cassandra J., additional, Gentemann, Chelle, additional, Geyskens, Nicolas, additional, Giez, Andreas, additional, Gollop, John, additional, Gouirand, Isabelle, additional, Gourbeyre, Christophe, additional, de Graaf, Dörte, additional, de Groot, Geiske E., additional, Grosz, Robert, additional, Güttler, Johannes, additional, Gutleben, Manuel, additional, Hall, Kashawn, additional, Harris, George, additional, Helfer, Kevin Christopher, additional, Henze, Dean, additional, Herbert, Calvert, additional, Holanda, Bruna, additional, Ibanez-Landeta, Antonio, additional, Intrieri, Janet M., additional, Iyer, Suneil, additional, Julien, Fabrice, additional, Kalesse, Heike, additional, Kazil, Jan, additional, Kellman, Alexander, additional, Kidane, Abiel T., additional, Kirchner, Ulrike, additional, Klingebiel, Marcus, additional, Körner, Mareike, additional, Kremper, Leslie Ann, additional, Kretzschmar, Jan, additional, Krüger, Ovid, additional, Kumala, Wojciech, additional, Kurz, Armin, additional, L'Hégaret, Pierre, additional, Labaste, Matthieu, additional, Lachlan-Cope, Tom A., additional, Laing, Arlene, additional, Landschützer, Peter, additional, Lang, Theresa, additional, Lange Vega, Diego, additional, Lange, Ingo, additional, Laplace, Clément, additional, Lavik, Gaute, additional, LAXENAIRE, Rémi, additional, Le Bihan, Caroline, additional, Leandro, Mason, additional, Lefèvre, Nathalie, additional, Lena, Marius, additional, Leschow, Donald, additional, Li, Qiang, additional, Lloyd, Gary, additional, Los, Sebastian, additional, Losi, Niccolò, additional, Lovell, Oscar, additional, Luneau, Christopher, additional, Makuch, Przemysław, additional, Malinowski, Szymon P, additional, Manta, Gaston, additional, Marinou, Eleni, additional, Marsden, Nicholas, additional, Masson, Sebastien, additional, Maury, Nicolas, additional, Mayer, Bernhard, additional, Mayers-Als, Margarette, additional, Mazel, Christophe, additional, McGeary, Wayne, additional, McWilliams, James C., additional, Mech, Mario, additional, Mehlmann, Melina, additional, Meroni, Agostino Niyonkuru, additional, Mieslinger, Theresa, additional, Minikin, Andreas, additional, Minnett, Peter, additional, Möller, Gregor, additional, Morfa Avalos, Yanmichel, additional, Muller, Caroline, additional, Musat, Ionela, additional, Napoli, Anna, additional, Neuberger, Almuth, additional, Noisel, Christophe, additional, Noone, David C, additional, Nordsiek, Freja, additional, Nowak, Jakub L, additional, Oswald, Lothar, additional, Parker, Douglas J., additional, Peck, Carolyn, additional, Person, Renaud, additional, Philippi, Miriam, additional, Plueddemann, Albert J., additional, Pöhlker, Christopher, additional, Pörtge, Veronika, additional, Pöschl, Ulrich, additional, Pologne, Lawrence, additional, Posyniak, Michal, additional, Prange, Marc, additional, Quiñones Meléndez, Estefanía, additional, Radtke, Jule, additional, Ramage, Karim, additional, Reimann, Jens, additional, Renault, Lionel, additional, Reus, Klaus, additional, Reyes, Ashford, additional, Ribbe, Joachim, additional, Ringel, Maximilian, additional, Ritschel, Markus, additional, Rocha, Cesar Barbedo, additional, Rochetin, Nicolas, additional, Röttenbacher, Johannes, additional, Rollo, Callum, additional, Royer, Haley, additional, Sadoulet, Pauline, additional, Saffin, Leo, additional, Sandiford, Sanola, additional, Sandu, Irina, additional, Schäfer, Michael, additional, Schemann, Vera, additional, Schirmacher, Imke, additional, Schlenczek, Oliver, additional, Schmidt, Jerome, additional, Schröder, Marcel, additional, Schwarzenboeck, Alfons, additional, Sealy, Andrea, additional, Senff, Christoph J, additional, Serikov, Ilya, additional, Shohan, Samkeyat, additional, Siddle, Elizabeth, additional, Smirnov, Alexander, additional, Späth, Florian, additional, Spooner, Branden, additional, Stolla, M. Katharina, additional, Szkółka, Wojciech, additional, de Szoeke, Simon P., additional, Tarot, Stéphane, additional, Tetoni, Eleni, additional, Thompson, Elizabeth J, additional, Thomson, Jim, additional, Tomassini, Lorenzo, additional, Totems, Julien, additional, Ubele, Alma Anna, additional, Villiger, Leonie, additional, von Arx, Jan, additional, Wagner, Thomas, additional, Walther, Andi, additional, Webber, Benjamin G. M., additional, Wendisch, Manfred, additional, Whitehall, Shanice, additional, Wiltshire, Anton, additional, Wing, Allison A., additional, Wirth, Martin, additional, Wiskandt, Jonathan, additional, Wolf, Kevin, additional, Worbes, Ludwig, additional, Wright, Ethan, additional, Wulfmeyer, Volker, additional, Young, Shanea, additional, Zhang, Chidong, additional, Zhang, Dongxiao, additional, Ziemen, Florian, additional, Zinner, Tobias, additional, and Zöger, Martin, additional

Published
2020
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25. The relationship between precipitation and its spatial pattern in the trades observed during EUREC4A.

Author

Radtke, Jule, Naumann, Ann Kristin, Hagen, Martin, and Ament, Felix

Subjects
*TRADE winds, *SPATIAL arrangement, *CELL size
Abstract

Trade wind convection organises into a rich spectrum of spatial patterns, often in conjunction with precipitation development. Which role spatial organisation plays for precipitation and vice versa is not well understood. We analyse scenes of trade‐wind convection scanned by the C‐band radar Poldirad during the EUREC4$$ {}^4 $$A field campaign to investigate how trade‐wind precipitation fields are spatially organised, quantified by the cells' number, mean size, and spatial arrangement, and how this matters for precipitation characteristics. We find that the mean rain rate (i.e., the amount of precipitation in a scene) and the intensity of precipitation (mean conditional rain rate) relate differently to the spatial pattern of precipitation. Whereas the amount of precipitation increases with mean cell size or number, as it scales well with the precipitation fraction, the intensity increases predominantly with mean cell size. In dry scenes, the increase of precipitation intensity with mean cell size is stronger than in moist scenes. Dry scenes usually contain fewer cells with a higher degree of clustering than moist scenes do. High precipitation intensities hence typically occur in dry scenes with rather large, few, and strongly clustered cells, whereas high precipitation amounts typically occur in moist scenes with rather large, numerous, and weakly clustered cells. As cell size influences both the intensity and amount of precipitation, its importance is highlighted. Our analyses suggest that the cells' spatial arrangement, correlating mainly weakly with precipitation characteristics, is of second‐order importance for precipitation across all regimes, but it could be important for high precipitation intensities and to maintain precipitation amounts in dry environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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26. EUREC4A's HALO.

Author

Konow, Heike, Ewald, Florian, George, Geet, Jacob, Marek, Klingebiel, Marcus, Kölling, Tobias, Luebke, Anna E., Mieslinger, Theresa, Pörtge, Veronika, Radtke, Jule, Schäfer, Michael, Schulz, Hauke, Vogel, Raphaela, Wirth, Martin, Bony, Sandrine, Crewell, Susanne, Ehrlich, André, Forster, Linda, Giez, Andreas, and Gödde, Felix

Subjects
REMOTE-sensing images, ELECTRONIC books, ARTIFICIAL satellite tracking, TRADE winds, REMOTE sensing
Abstract

As part of the EUREC4A field campaign, the German research aircraft HALO, configured as a cloud observatory, conducted 15 research flights in the trade wind region east of Barbados in January and February 2020. Narrative text, aircraft state data, and meta data describing HALO's operation during the campaign are provided. Each HALO research flight is segmented by time-stamp intervals into standard elements to aid the consistent analysis of the flight data. Photographs from HALO's cabin and animated satellite images synchronized with flight tracks are provided to visually document flight conditions. As a comprehensive product from the remote sensing observations, a multi-sensor cloud mask product is derived and quantifies the incidence of clouds observed during the flights. In addition, to lower the threshold for new users of HALO's data, a collection of use cases is compiled into an online book "How to EUREC4A", included as an asset with this paper. This online book provides easy access to most of EUREC4A's HALO data through an intake catalogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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28. Shallow Cumulus Cloud Feedback in Large Eddy Simulations - Bridging the Gap to Storm Resolving Models.

Author

Radtke, Jule, Mauritsen, Thorsten, and Hohenegger, Cathy

Abstract

The response of shallow trade cumulus clouds to global warming is a leading source of uncertainty to interpretations and projections of the Earth's changing climate. A setup based on the Rain In Cumulus over the Ocean field campaign is used to simulate a shallow trade wind cumulus field with the Icosahedral Non-hydrostatic Large Eddy Model in a control and a perturbed 4 K warmed climate, while degrading horizontal resolution from 100 m to 5 km. As the resolution is coarsened the basic state cloud fraction increases substantially, especially at cloud base, lateral mixing is weaker and cloud tops reach higher. Nevertheless, the overall vertical structure of the cloud layer is surprisingly robust across resolutions. In a warmer climate, cloud cover reduces, alone constituting a positive shortwave cloud feedback: the strength correlates with the amount of basic state cloud fraction, thus is stronger at coarser resolutions. Cloud thickening, resulting from more water vapor availability for condensation in a warmer climate, acts as a compensating feedback, but unlike the cloud cover reduction it is largely resolution independent. Therefore, refining the resolution leads to convergence to a near-zero shallow cumulus feedback. This dependence holds in experiments with enhanced realism including precipitation processes or warming along a moist adiabat instead of uniform warming. Insofar as these findings carry over to other models, they suggest that storm resolving models may exaggerate the trade wind cumulus cloud feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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