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The COVID-19 pandemic has affected businesses globally. It swept the world like a wave, changing and adapting economies around the world. However, many businesses have shown remarkable resilience in the face of this crisis, adapting to changing circumstances and finding new ways to serve their customers. To build resilience, people need to understand organizational change. In this study, the authors only explained the organizational aspects of resilience in the Western Balkans. They emphasized that there is a lack of research investigating resilience in the context of venture failure due to the inability to respond to the demands of crisis conditions. Therefore, they study the association between corporate responses that we consider particularly important during this crisis, in relation to labor practices, to determine whether companies experienced less-negative responses to the crisis during the market collapse. The aim of these studies is to highlight the importance of the need to improve resilience after the COVID-19 crisis and to determine strategies for achieving it. For this purpose, extensive literature was used, which represents the theoretical framework of the research. Based on their research, the winners in the changing business environment will be unbridled firms that respond to challenges and create new opportunities.

In Bangladesh, attention to women empowerment through agricultural technology adoption is not new, but it has not always been acted upon accordingly. This study attempts to carry out an investigation through using both quantitative and qualitative research tools to examine the extent of women's technology adoption in agriculture and their consequent empowerment attainment in selected villages of Mymensingh sadar. To achieve the objectives of the present study, necessary data were collected by using simple random sampling technique, the study selected total of 60 women respondents. The quantitative analytical tools employed to attain the specific objectives included various descriptive statistical measures, perception index and women empowerment index by adoption technology. The results of perception index analysis indicated that majority had moderate to high favorable perception on greater extent of women's engagement in adoption agricultural technology among which may had low to moderate favorable perception on consequent empowerment attainment. The findings show that almost in all cases, decision was taken jointly by male and female. It is very satisfactory case that decision is taken by female alone particularly in the cases purchase of agricultural equipment, maintenance of agricultural equipment, motivating to use agricultural technologies, selling of old machineries. The value of average women empowerment score is 1.81, which is below from the average empowerment score 2.

Following the 2008 economic crisis, there was a reassessment of the cross-border flow of capital and the policies that affect that capital. First, large, and volatile capital flows have created tensions between macroeconomic and financial stability. Second, investors' appetite for risk declines after the recent economic crisis. Various analyses show that this trend was reversed by 2014, with emerging and developing economies accounting for just under 60% of world GDP, while the share of advanced economies was just over 40%. In this paper, we analyse the flow of capital in modern cash flows, following the example of large financial systems. The aim of this paper is to determine how cash flows have moved from the world wars until today through financial institutions, and with the help of financial instruments.

With the digitalization of companies and work, the business environment and working conditions have changed. Namely, the progress in ICT changed the ways of work organization and influenced the new work model. Teleworking and mobile work provided workers with the opportunity to adapt their time and place of work to their needs. Accordingly, digitization enables more complex organizational forms and affects an increasing number of tasks. The main goal of our study was to investigate the implications of work flexibility on the worker's health. In other words, are there any risks that this new working arrangement will lead to a shortening of working life? Our research has shown that these types of work arrangements can lead to increased workload and overwork, even where workers have a high level of autonomy. Consequently, workers are exposed to great health risks: stress, anxiety and other health problems related to the new work environment.

Considerable interest has been shown over recent decades in the application of quantitative methods in social sciences. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ability to make predictions in social sciences with a focus on economics. Quantification of social and economic phenomena from the start of application had a lot of supporters but even more opponents, mathematics and methodological knowledge have passed the test of time and have lost none of their importance to the present day. The paper concludes that, forecasts may more desirable for many reasons. Namely, a better and more complete understanding of future trends and their effects will improve theories and models in economics and other social sciences. These improvements will greatly benefit those who explicitly seek to create a "ready society."

The macroeconomic environment in the Western Balkans is based on the progress of the market economy and the development of the private sector. Strengthening the role of governance, education and social inclusion is crucial to improving countries' capacity for innovation, a stable financial environment, the successful implementation of broad-based reforms and the establishment of a macroeconomic environment that supports private sector activities. It is especially important to emphasize the importance of properly understanding the importance of scientific infrastructure in the field of research on the growth of "innovation capacity", so that national policies in this area can be formed. The analysis of the connection between innovation and globalization in the conditions of modern trends of economic development, showed that the reform momentum in the Western Balkans region has slowed down, which reflected that many of these economies have failed to use their potential for innovation.

In this paper, we examined the choice of types of favorite and unpopular activities and ways of practicing among different groups, age, education, and strata of Montenegrin society in leisure time. A random selection of 805 respondents was made. A special questionnaire was constructed for the purposes of this research. The starting theoretical position was Bourdieu's theory. The three favorite activities of our respondents in their free time were watching television, hanging out with friends, and walking. It is interesting that sleep is in the fourth place in terms of frequency in the first two choices of the most favorite activities, and in the third choice even in the second place. We can conclude that great poverty was observed in the choice of three activities that the respondents most often perform in the order of their importance. However, almost 2/5 (39%) practice them actively. It seems that these restrictions in terms of frequency are more conditioned by external, objective factors than the poverty of the respondents' needs for various forms of leisure recreation. The results of our research largely confirm Bourdieu's theoretical heritage, and partly do not confirm it. The most unexpected result is a very slight layer difference in the choice of the most favorite activity and the absence of differences in stating the reasons for the least popular. In our opinion, the main reason should not be sought in the epistemological weaknesses of Bourdieu's theory, but in the fact that Bourdieu's theory can be empirically tested on developed societies so that differences can be clearly expressed, in "pure" form. At least now, Montenegrin society does not belong to such societies.

The present study provides a systematic estimate of male and female participation in agricultural production and usage of agricultural technology and examines their influence in the adoption of modern technology in three upazilas in Jamalpur district. The study was followed by the simple random sampling technique to select 190 sample of respondents for household survey through the semi-structured questionnaire. There has been a significant change with the livestock rearing activities which are 118.79% after adoption of new technology. It is evident that the decision regarding farming with adoption of new technology attains the highest rank. The second highest ranked decision is technical training on technology. Similarly, the third ranked decision is use of modern technology. The modern technology improves the quality of management and materials (seeds, land, tools). The experience on modern technology of respondents has a positive coefficient and it was 0.492. However, our research showed that about 65.2% of the respondents were women as users of traditional agricultural machinery. Given these facts, our research has explained what keeps women's rates of modern agricultural technology adoption low.

While researches and commercialization of the results have been considered to a greater extent at entrepreneurial universities, the distinction between academic and entrepreneurial researches has not been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to understand the concept of entrepreneurial research which presents a more comprehensive and complete view of the entrepreneurial university and then to provide a framework that helps to comprehend this concept in universities. This study has been conducted using a constructionist grounded theory. The methodology of a structuralist grounded theory is an attempt to collect multiple but heavily focused data to identify and develop concepts. In this study, theoretical sampling and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. In this framework, the extracted main categories including governance in universities, communication with industry, entrepreneurial training, entrepreneurial research functions, cultural and social requirements, entrepreneurial research and commercialization are the results of the research. Entrepreneurial research functions are summarized in value creation, innovation and technique creation. The value of this research is firstly to identify the gap between academic and entrepreneurial researches, and secondly to formulate and provide a framework for the concept of entrepreneurial research in universities. The results of this research provide a framework for higher education policymakers and planners to develop an entrepreneurial approach in academic researches. Applying this framework will also reduce the unemployment rate of alumni in the society, and the employment of alumni will increase the economic growth of the societies.

Digitization is moving most business processes into the virtual arena. The fact is that digitized companies and new concepts of organizational functioning are creating our new reality. Defining the meaning of the term digitalization creates a lot of controversy, which reflects the fact that it is a relatively new concept where there is no consensus and common understanding. Some of these controversies focus on whether the term should describe the use of digital technology to change certain business operations or create brand new business models. Notwithstanding these differences in approach, the aim of this paper is to show that digital transformation is an inevitability in contemporary business driven by the evolution of the new digital technology. Accordingly, the paper points to the specifics of the functioning of organization in terms of organizational structure, communication methods, employee agility and virtual team formation. It concludes that businesses that do not adapt quickly enough to new technologies that affect business and society can very quickly fall out of business because of product obsolescence.

This paper is a result of its author's work, whose goal was to examine the role of globalization in the change of organization models and intensification of its competitiveness, following trade liberalization. In addition, the goal was to define competitive advantages, which the companies have to develop in order to survive in a highly competitive global market. The study has shown that market expansion does not mean that only big business subjects will be able to make a profit. Also, the analysis has shown that there is no correlation between a big market and success of big businesses. In other words, globalization rewards the companies which are innovative and competitive, regardless of the company's size and country of origin.

This paper presents the research about employees and the leaders who are included in leading the organization, as an important segment of the modern business. The aim of this research is to show the real picture about presence new strategies of leaders in the organizations, as well as the analysis of the perception of employees about their leaders. The research in business organizations conducted on the sample of leaders and employees. The construction of high-quality questionnaire represents the important segment of modern statistical and business researches. The issues in questionnaire construction are very complex and they are in the focus of all statistical and research methodologies. It was conducted on the sample of at least 250 examinees (employees) in bigger companies in Serbia. Research results showed that understanding communication satisfaction, with its link to job satisfaction, should provide an ability to better target resources to improve communication satisfaction issues.

Network communications is one of the modern ideas in the field of organizational behavior. On the other hand, the ability to communicate with employees and understand the cultural differences between them in a multicultural environment is one of the key skills that managers and employees need them in the nowadays organizations. These skills are introduced as cultural intelligence in organizations that have ability to respond to many challenges in multicultural environments. This article was aimed to analysis the relationship between cultural intelligence and network communication. These questionnaires were distributed between 134 members at the Tehran neighborhood councils. In order to analyzing data and concluding results, SPSS, and then Pearson correlation test were used. The research was done based on structural equation modeling (SEM). The result indicated that there was significant positive relationship between cultural intelligence and network communication. Also there was significant positive relationship between each dimension of cultural intelligence and network communication. Findings show that cultural intelligence is a basic factor in network communication and confirm the main hypothesis of this study which represents the existence of a positive and meaningful relation between cultural intelligence and network communication. Furthermore, the results show that considering this kind of intelligence, especially in network organizations which has a high ethnic and cultural variety, could be very useful for improve employees and managers communications.

The development of entrepreneurial talent is of paramount importance when it comes to sustaining competitive advantage on the global market, in the circumstances of new economy, which is being catalyzed by innovations. Therefore, the role of high- quality entrepreneurial education and its nurturing with the aim of developing entrepreneurial talent among young people has become more dear among scientists, educators and creators of economic policy.

In modern business conditions, entrepreneurship, as a significant driver of economic growth and development, is also an important facilitator of women's empowerment in developed and developing countries. Taking into account the significant contribution of female entrepreneurship to economic development and, on the other hand, its contribution to the empowerment of women, the paper examines the factors that influence the success of female entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. The effects of many factors on the success of women entrepreneurs have been the subject of numerous studies, but this study focused on internal and external factors, which are still largely unexplored, particularly in the Republic of Serbia. In this sense, the aim of this work is to determine whether internal and external factors have direct, positive, and significant effects on women entrepreneurs' success. The specific research aims are: 1) determining whether internal factors have a positive effect on women entrepreneurs' success and 2) determining whether external factors have a positive effect on women entrepreneurs' success. The causal relationships between observed variables were assessed using the Structural Equation Modeling method. The obtained results showed that both internal and external factors are significant determinants of women entrepreneurs' success. The results emphasize the need to motivate women to start their own businesses by organizing various educational courses and workshops and women's support programs by the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroeconomics is crucial to understand each country's development indicators and predict the short-term and long-term their consequences on the performance of economies. The research has been divided into key sections: economic growth, employment, productivity, investments, depts, and business dynamism. In the paper is concluded that is needed the new approach to regional cooperation and new strategy creation related to political and macroeconomic stability in the Western Balkans countries. All this must be accompanied by structural reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of women empowerment calls for research by scholars and policy makers. This article explores the impact of G-WiN project on women economic empowerment in Nigeria. We used questionnaire, interview, web surveys, and direct observation in data collection. Key findings of the study showed that lack of skills and political and economic power affect the marginalization of women in Nigeria. Based on the research results, it was concluded that G-WiN Project plays a critical role in the economic development of women. In line with this, the study recommends that implementation of this and similar programs can support women and girls and improve their position in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women entrepreneurship is today one of the major factors contributing to a country's prosperity and to the global market in general. However, females still own and manage significantly fewer businesses than men. Especially, women in developing countries face disadvantages and discrimination. Compared to their male counterparts, women in developing countries have a lower level of education and skill training. Another important challenge for female entrepreneurs in developing countries is the issue of safety and protection of women, especially those operating in the informal economy. The most female entrepreneurs in developing economies are motivated to start their businesses out of necessity, reflecting lack of employment alternatives or dissatisfaction with existing employment. The overall nature and extent to which female entrepreneurship can develop in developing economies is greatly influenced by project to strengthening them. In line with this, the aim of our research was to explore the impact of one of these programmes - GWIN project and its effect to empowering women in Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was concluded that GWiN project plays a significant role in the economic development of women in Nigeria through the benefits of various supports to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the auxiliary learning tools, created as an educational game for a number of topics in financial engineering. The aim of this educational game is primarily to improve the students' understanding of financial engineering using the principle of situational learning. The game is conceived as a simulation of a small scale financial market, where students act as participants in the market transactions, with their own virtual capital. In a defined space of time the students build their portfolios, which contain only shares at the beginning of the game, and they make decisions using the methods and techniques from the given teaching unit. Changing the initial conditions, throughout the game, the students can expand their portfolio acquiring bonds and derivatives such as options, in order to better diversify their portfolios. This educational game has a twofold use, as an auxiliary teaching tool and as a tool for testing the students' achievement. In comparison with completing classic-type tasks, this game can help test the students' competence to apply the acquired knowledge in close-to-reality situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of macroeconomic stability, the conducted reforms and the institutional changes in the past years resulted into the improvement in the business conditions in Serbia. Significant advances were made in 2008 as regards the formulation and implementation of the policy of development of SMEs, and in the implementation of the European chart on small enterprises. Despite the improvements achieved, the business environment in Serbia is still ranked as insufficiently stimulative for the development of SMEs. In 2009 ,Serbia ranked 93th out of 133 countries in the World Economic Forum's Index of Business Competitiveness .This country ranks is lower than in any other country in the region. In this context, the importance of the state support to the development and stability of this sector is invaluable, especially because the entrepreneurship sector was most severely hit by the economic crisis in Serbia. In addition, the economic has also resulted into the fall in the employment rate and the rise in the unemployment trend, which will be especially analyzed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]