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271 results on '"Radomski, M. W."'

34. Extracorporeal life support

Author

Gaffney, A. M., primary, Wildhirt, S. M., additional, Griffin, M. J., additional, Annich, G. M., additional, and Radomski, M. W., additional

Published
2010
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35. From Pole to Pole a Thermal Challenge

Author

DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO), Radomski, M. W., Buguet, A., DEFENCE AND CIVIL INST OF ENVIRONMENTALMEDICINE DOWNSVIEW (ONTARIO), Radomski, M. W., and Buguet, A.

Abstract

The issues of thermal physiology, protection, modeling, survival, and injury have been addressed in thousands of publications over the decades, and the topic of thermal protection and survival has been the subject of several NATO DRG and AGARD symposia. Therefore, rather than review the current state of the art of the field which is the subject of the many papers that will be presented at this Symposium, this paper re-examines some of the pioneer work in cold physiology that has laid the foundations of our current understanding as to how humans have adapted to severe cold climates, often without modem technology or clothing. Scholander, Hammel, Elsner, Andersen, and Hart are some of the scientific pioneers that have provided evidence from field trials that a variety of physiological adaptations can develop in the human species exposed to different climatic extremes ranging from one Pole to the other Pole. From these classical field studies, several different types of cold acclimatization of native races were identified. This paper reviews how some of these acclimatizations can be or have been applied to modern man. In conclusion, it appears that a rapid technique using intermittent exposure to severe cold for inducing cold adaptation or cold habituation does exist and does induce beneficial effects in soldiers required to subsequently perform and sleep under arctic conditions. It appears to be a hypothermic type of adaptation and eliminates the negative effects of cold diuresis. Furthermore, this technique appears to persist over a significant period of time even in a temperature environment making it even more of a desirable military technique. One sees a shift of the shivering threshold to a lower temperature, a shorter period of adaptation, and an increase in cold tolerance. It appears to be more akin to the type of adaptation demonstrated by the Australian aborigine and Kalahari bushman, that is, an Insulative Acclimatization., 8 Oct 2001 to 10 Oct 2001, "The original document contains color images" Papers presented at the RTO Human Factors and Medicine Panel (HFM) Symposium held in Dresden, Germany, 8-10 Oct 2001, pKN1-1/KN1-19. This article is from ADA403853 Blowing Hot and Cold: Protecting Against Climatic Extremes (Souffler le chaud et le froid: comment se proteger contre les conditions climstiques extremes)

Published
2002

47. Platelets increase survival of adenocarcinoma cells challenged with anticancer drugs: mechanisms and implications for chemoresistance.

Author

Radziwon-Balicka A, Medina C, O'Driscoll L, Treumann A, Bazou D, Inkielewicz-Stepniak I, Radomski A, Jow H, Radomski MW, Radziwon-Balicka, A, Medina, C, O'Driscoll, L, Treumann, A, Bazou, D, Inkielewicz-Stepniak, I, Radomski, A, Jow, H, and Radomski, M W

Abstract

Background and Purpose: Cancer cells grow without the restraints of feedback control mechanisms, leading to increased cancer cell survival. The treatment of cancer is often complicated by the lack of response to chemotherapy leading to chemoresistance and persistent survival of tumour cells. In this work we studied the role of platelets in chemotherapy-induced cancer cell death and survival.Experimental Approach: Human adenocarcinoma cells, colonic (Caco-2) and ovarian (59 M) cells, were incubated with 5-fluorouracil (1-300 µg·mL(-1) ) or paclitaxel (1-200 µg·mL(-1) ) in the presence or absence of platelets (1.5 × 10(8) mL(-1) ) for 1, 24 or 72 h. Following incubation, cancer cells were harvested and cell survival/death was assayed using flow cytometry, Western blotting, real-time PCR, TaqMan® Gene Expression Assays and proteomics.Key Results: Human platelets increased the survival of colonic and ovarian adenocarcinoma cells treated with two standard anticancer drugs, 5-fluorouracil and paclitaxel. In the presence of platelets, cancer cells up-regulated anti-apoptotic and down-regulated pro-apoptotic genes, increased the number of cells in the synthesis of DNA and decreased the number in the quiescent phase, increased expression of cyclins, DNA repair proteins and MAPKs. The analysis of platelet-Caco-2 secretome demonstrated the release of the chemokine RANTES, thrombospondin-1, TGF-β and clusterin. Finally, human recombinant RANTES and thrombospondin-1 improved survival of Caco-2 cells challenged with paclitaxel.Conclusions and Implications: These data demonstrate that platelets increase adenocarcinoma cells survival, proliferation and chemoresistance to standard anticancer drugs. Modulating cancer cell-platelet interactions may offer a new strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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50. The l-Arginine

Author

Moncada, S., primary, Higgs, E. A., additional, Hodson, H. F., additional, Knowles, R. G., additional, Lopez-Jaramillo, P., additional, McCall, T., additional, Palmer, R. M. J., additional, Radomski, M. W., additional, Rees, D. D., additional, and Schulz, R., additional

Published
1991
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