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The Czech Republic seems to be a geographically peaceful place. However, the territory of the Republic is not free from natural disasters that have hit the country in the past, and are a common occurrence in the country nowadays. The most dramatic and destructive natural disasters and technical failures in the history of the Czech Republic included, among others, a broken dam on the Desn River in the Jizera Mountains (1916), earthquakes (1985), or floods that affected Moravia, Silesia and part of eastern Bohemia, as well as the territory of Poland, in July 1997. The latter threats related to flooding especially highlighted the inability of state institutions of the time to deal with crisis situations, and this led to undertaking work on the construction of a crisis management system in the Czech Republic. The purpose of this article is to present the solutions, experiences and trends of the currently functioning crisis management system in the Czech Republic. Why? Well, natural disasters know no borders and, just like it was in 1997, they could cover larger areas, including the territory of Poland, and the basic knowledge about the crisis management system of our neighbor (the Czech Republic) is contained in a broader concept: the concept of cross-border crisis management, the necessity of which results from cross-border threats.StreszczenieRepublika Czeska wydaje si by miejscem geograficznie spokojnym. Jednak terytorium Republiki nie jest wolne od klsk ywioowych, ktre nawiedzay ten kraj w przeszoci, a obecnie s jego czstym zjawiskiem. Do najbardziej dramatycznych i niszczcych klsk ywioowych i awarii technicznych w historii Republiki Czeskiej naleay m.in. przerwana zapora na rzece Desnej w Grach Izerskich (1916 r.), trzsienia ziemi (1985 r.) czy powodzie, ktre w lipcu 1997 r. dotkny Morawy, lsk i cz wschodnich Czech, a take terytorium Polski. Te ostatnie zagroenia zwizane z powodzi szczeglnie zwrciy uwag na niezdolno wczesnych instytucji pastwowych do radzenia sobie z sytuacjami kryzysowymi, co doprowadzio do podjcia prac nad budow systemu zarzdzania kryzysowego w Republice Czeskiej. Celem niniejszego artykuu jest przedstawienie rozwiza, dowiadcze i tendencji obecnie funkcjonujcego systemu zarzdzania kryzysowego w Republice Czeskiej. Dlaczego? Ot klski ywioowe nie znaj granic i podobnie jak to byo w 1997 roku mog obj wiksze obszary, w tym terytorium Polski, a podstawowa wiedza o systemie zarzdzania kryzysowego naszego ssiada (Czech) zawiera si w szerszym pojciu: transgranicznego zarzdzania kryzysowego, ktrego konieczno wynika z zagroe transgranicznych. . , . (1916 ), (1985 ) , , , 1997 . , , , . - , . ? , , 1997 , , , ( ) : , .Zusammenfassung. Die Tschechische Republik scheint ein geographisch friedlicher Ort zu sein. Allerdings ist das Gebiet der Republik nicht frei von Naturkatastrophen, die das Land in der Vergangenheit heimgesucht haben und heute immer noch hufig vorkommen. Zu den dramatischsten und zerstrerischsten Naturkatastrophen und technischen Pannen in der Geschichte der Tschechischen Republik gehren u.a. der Dammbruch an der Desn im Isergebirge (1916), die Erdbeben (1985) oder die berschwemmungen, die Mhren, Schlesien und einige Teile Ostbhmens sowie polnische Gebiete im Juli 1997 heimsuchten. Insbesondere die letztgenannten berschwemmungen haben die Unfhigkeit der damaligen staatlichen Behrden zur Bewltigung von Krisensituationen deutlich gemacht, was dazu fhrte, dass in der Tschechischen Republik am Aufbau eines Krisenmanagementsystems gearbeitet wurde. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die Lsungen, Erfahrungen und Trends des derzeitigen Krisenmanagementsystems in der Tschechischen Republik darzustellen. Und warum? Die Naturkatastrophen kennen nun keine Grenzen und knnen, wie es 1997 der Fall war, grere Gebiete, einschlielich des Territoriums der Republik Polens umfassen. berdies ist das Grundwissen ber das Krisenmanagementsystem unseres Nachbarn (der Tschechischen Republik) in einem viel weiter gefassten Konzept enthalten: dem grenzberschreitenden Krisenmanagement, dessen Anwendung sich aus den grenzberschreitenden Bedrohungen ergibt.

The organization of assemblies in the Republic of Poland and in the Czech Republic is an increasingly common occurrence in public life. The freedom of peaceful assembly enables their participants to express their views, which in a democratic state under the rule of law is a desired expression of the constitutional rights and freedoms of individuals. Therefore the course of gatherings should be safe not only for its participants, but also for the attendees. The organizer, law enforcement and police officers are responsible for the safe conduct of the assembly. On the other hand, technical and logistical considerations are also important for the security of assemblies. The pandemic currently experienced by the majority of societies not only in Europe, but also on other continents, makes a significant impact on the sphere of law and civil liberties, including the right to organize assemblies. This paper addresses the issue of security of assemblies in Poland and the Czech Republic from the point of view of administrative solutions implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper constitutes the result of team research conducted as part of a scientific internship by the Authors in Fakulta bezpečnostního inženýrství, Bezpečnostních služeb – Vysoká škola báňská – Technická univerzita Ostrava in the Czech Republic.

Opracowano polimorficzny model reaktora biologicznego z logiczną reprezentacją wiedzy o obiekcie sterowania i sterowaniu, dla ktorych proces uczenia sie polega na sukcesywnej walidacji i uaktualnianiu wiedzy oraz wykorzystywaniu wynikow tego uaktualniania do wyznaczania decyzji sterujących. Na podstawie ciąglego pomiaru stezenia fosforu (jako PO4-P) określono ladunki fosforu jako iloczyn przeplywu i stezenia. Roznice pomiedzy fosforem calkowitym a PO4-P określono empirycznie zgodnie z klasyczną analityką. Zastosowany system sterowania, poza efektem energetycznym, pozwalal rowniez na optymalizacje zuzycia środka strącającego (PIX, koagulant nieorganiczny oparty na trojwartościowym zelazie Fe3+).

Ground maneuver in natural environment is usually limited by a number of obstacles called micro relief, which are defined as man-made and natural both elevated and depressed topographic forms that cannot be expressed with regard to its relative small height differences. This terrain feature is present almost in all types of environment and extend the “off-road” path in average about certain coefficient, dependent on the type of the area. This extension should be taken in account in particular planning and decision making process tighten to a “just in time” concept, widely present for example in the operational environment. The aim of the article is to describe the methodology of evaluation of the influence of micro-relief shapes on the mobility of military vehicles. The article is based on the statistical determination of the extent of micro-relief shapes in the territory of the Czech Republic

Badano probki poliamidu 6.10. Tworzywo do badan wybrano ze wzgledu na to, ze jest ono stosowane na elementy konstrukcyjne czesto poddawane obciązeniom cyklicznym podczas uzytkowania. Przedstawiono wyniki badan charakterystyk odksztalceniowo-naprezeniowych uzyskanych w probie cyklicznego rozciągania- -ściskania przy zalozeniu calkowitego odksztalcenia granicznego w przedziale od -0,3 do 0,3%. Rejestrowano zaleznośc pomiedzy naprezeniem rozciągającym i wydluzeniem probki po 1 i po 3000 cykli obciązenia z czestotliwością 1 Hz, uzyskując petle histerezy. Przeprowadzono badania DMTA w celu oceny zmian dynamicznych wlaściwości mechanicznych. Dodatkowo zbadano wlaściwości termiczne metodą DSC.

Wastes from prodn. of PhOH-CH2O and styrene resins were used for prepn. of flocculants applied in treatment of metallurgical wastewater by coagulation. The anal. of life cycle of the flocculants showed their advantage over corn. ones.

Ecological Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) applied in the assessment of the impact of products on the environment is a technique that allows for the evaluation of the environmental impact of polymeric flocculants used in industrial wastewater treatment. The possibility of conducting a full life cycle and thus manufacturing process analysis allows for reliable and accurate identification of the sources of environmental hazards and the impact of new products on the environment. Newly synthesized waste-based polymers are water soluble and possess the properties of flocculants, while reducing the parameters in industrial wastewater. In the paper, there are presented the results of the analysis conducted using LCA technique for the assessment of the impact of modified waste phenol formaldehyde resin (Novolak) on the environment. LCA technique was used to assess the impact of the new flocculant applied in the process of metallurgical wastewater treatment taking into account the environmental impact of the flocculant manufacturing process.

This article deals with experimental verification of resistance of forensic identification marks (microdots in combination with artificial DNA) to property. It is considered mechanical abrasion from potential offender to remove or damage readability of marking and following identification. The aim of this work is to test the hypothesis that forensic marking can be completely removed by the process of mechanical abrasion without causing damages to a protected object. To fulfill this purpose it was designed and built a test equipment, where experiments were carried out to confirm or refute the above mentioned hypothesis.

Collaboration (Bruzzone et al. 2013a, b, c, d, e, f) is often mentioned as an opportunity to develop new capabilities for autonomous systems; indeed this paper proposes a practical application where use this approach to enhance the autonomy of the systems during operations in coastal areas or around offshore platforms. The proposed case deals with developing a collaborative approach (Bruzzone et al. 2013a, b, c, d, e, f) among an USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle) with several AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicles) to guarantee persistent surveillance over a marine area (Shkurti et al. 2012). Obviously, the proposed solution could be adopted also for defense and homeland security (Bruzzone et al. 2011a, b, 2010) as well as for archeological site protection in consistence with related cost analysis. The authors propose a technological solution as well as a simulation framework to validate and demonstrate the capabilities of this new approach as well as to quantify expected improvements.

We modify the core axioms towards the so–called weighted solution. We also discuss the corresponding properties of Myerson value. We present a modification of axiomatic definition of solution on the set of games w.r.t. tree structure of the set of players. Significant properties of new solutions are discussed. The theory is motivated by tactical decisions in army and the notions are demonstrated on an example.

Increasing dynamics and complexity of the operational environment will have a serious impact on the human performance in various decision-making tasks, which were intuitively solved in the past with vast application of the human experience and estimation. The paper deals with the problem of the area ground observation optimization, which is very common in the wide set of observation tasks and its automation by the UGV’s or other assets. The problem is defined as a minimization of the observation point count within selected area to cover (by observation) the maximum of the target area. The problem solution complexity depends on variety of other assumptions, especially if we consider the observation point in other “tactical” ways, particularly the observation point carry other attributes which plays the role in the chaining of these points within a reconnaissance path.

A crucial step in any computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is the discretization of the domain because it influences truncation errors, numerical stability, and the convergence of the model. Therefore, the appropriate selection of numerical mesh parameters crucially contributes to the reliability of the obtained results. Therefore, an innovative approach to reducing the mesh-induced error in CFD analysis of an impinging jet using fuzzy logic is proposed within the paper. The flow parameters were obtained using the Reynolds-averaged Navier&ndash, Stokes calculations, based on the mesh parameters obtained using the grid convergence index and fuzzy logic, were compared to each other and to experimental research results. The fuzzy logic approach to define mesh parameters turned out to be a very promising method as it allowed us to obtain results that are qualitatively and quantitatively comparable to commonly used but far more time-consuming methods.

Increasing complexity of the operational environment and advanced technology implementation in combat will probably lead to a serious limitation of human performance in all operational domains and activities in the future. With except of the clear indications, that tactical robotics will outperform human soldiers in many routine tasks on the battlefield, the area of operational decision making (resistible for decades to some automation) seems to be slowly approaching to the same stage. Presented article discusses the fundamental theory of optimization of the air operational maneuver and present the approach to the solution. The solution is highly theoretical and uses a modelling and simulation as an experimental platform to the visualization and evaluation of solution. The problem of air operational maneuver is specific in this case by many variables imposed on initial parametrization of the task (starting and destination point could not be known at the beginning, only “air operational” area should be selected) and very wide search of possible courses of action and the best “multi criteria” choice identification.

Using the classical Kedem&ndash, Katchalsky&rsquo, membrane transport theory, a mathematical model was developed and the original concentration volume flux (Jv), solute flux (Js) characteristics, and S-entropy production by Jv, (&psi, SJv) and by Js ((&psi, S)Js) in a double-membrane system were simulated. In this system, M1 and Mr membranes separated the l, m, and r compartments containing homogeneous solutions of one non-electrolytic substance. The compartment m consists of the infinitesimal layer of solution and its volume fulfills the condition Vm 0. The volume of compartments l and r fulfills the condition Vl = Vr &infin, At the initial moment, the concentrations of the solution in the cell satisfy the condition Cl &lt, Cm &lt, Cr. Based on this model, for fixed values of transport parameters of membranes (i.e., the reflection (l, r), hydraulic permeability (Lpl, Lpr), and solute permeability (&omega, l, &omega, r) coefficients), the original dependencies Cm = f(Cl &minus, Cr), Jv = f(Cl &minus, Cr), Js = f(Cl &minus, Cr), (&Psi, S)Jv = f(Cl &minus, S)Js = f(Cl &minus, Cr), Rv = f(Cl &minus, Cr), and Rs = f(Cl &minus, Cr) were calculated. Each of the obtained features was specially arranged as a pair of parabola, hyperbola, or other complex curves.

Due to the still increasing requirements of the European Union on motor vehicles safety standards, its manufacturers are forced to adapting, developing and implementing new design features increasing level of passive protection of passengers as well as implementing systems affecting active protection level. Both of these kinds of protection help to reduce the severity of subsequent damage to passegners during an accident or to prevent the accident occurance, but do not help to shorten the time span between this accident occurance and arrival of the rescue service. This function provides an emergency call system, which is capable of immediate automatic transfer of information about the accident via GSM network to the emergency call center. This transfer, unfortunately, could be disrupted by certain risk factors, which are experimentally evaluated in the article.

The article deals mainly with the risk analysis and uncertainty of a risk of renewable resources. It also mentions the importance of managing the risks associated with the uncertainty of a risk of renewable resources. Specifically, in the paper addressed the relationship between risk and uncertainty, their interdependence, and the possibilities of how to work with uncertainty at risk. The distinguishing factor between the risk and the uncertainty is that risk is seen as a measurable property and has a place in the calculation of probability, while uncertainty does not have such property. The paper deals with an approach to this situation.

Radio Frequency Identification (referred to as RFID) is an effective and contactless feature of identification and localization of the object of interest with specific system structure that includes defining the principle of operation of the primary components, which are the transponder and the reader. The range of applicability of RFID system is diverse, but its optimum usability is given primarily by the choice of appropriate frequency which will ensure the functionality of the whole system in terms of physical protection. The article therefore deals with the operation of RFID technology in various wavelengths of frequency band and influence of radio frequency signal with a focus on the action radius of physical protection of renewable resources (e.g. research centers, universities, power plant using energy from renewable resources) as a technical means destined for increasing the level of security and protection of persons, property or other assets.

This paper discusses the possibilities of emergency planning in the airport environment and the creation of the airport emergency plan with a focus on renewable resources transport. The work describes the tactical, operational and strategic levels of management at the airport and status of the person responsible.

Alcohol intoxication is a significant phenomenon, affecting many social areas, including work procedures or car driving. Alcohol causes certain side effects including changing the facial thermal distribution, which may enable the contactless identification and classification of alcohol-intoxicated people. We adopted a multiregional segmentation procedure to identify and classify symmetrical facial features, which reliably reflects the facial-temperature variations while subjects are drinking alcohol. Such a model can objectively track alcohol intoxication in the form of a facial temperature map. In our paper, we propose the segmentation model based on the clustering algorithm, which is driven by the modified version of the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) evolutionary optimization with the goal of facial temperature features extraction from the IR (infrared radiation) images. This model allows for a definition of symmetric clusters, identifying facial temperature structures corresponding with intoxication. The ABC algorithm serves as an optimization process for an optimal cluster&rsquo, s distribution to the clustering method the best approximate individual areas linked with gradual alcohol intoxication. In our analysis, we analyzed a set of twenty volunteers, who had IR images taken to reflect the process of alcohol intoxication. The proposed method was represented by multiregional segmentation, allowing for classification of the individual spatial temperature areas into segmentation classes. The proposed method, besides single IR image modelling, allows for dynamical tracking of the alcohol-temperature features within a process of intoxication, from the sober state up to the maximum observed intoxication level.

This article describes the question of CBRN and their possible abuses in civil aviation. The problem includes security analysis identified by the Civil Aviation as the most significant class of this group-biological agents. The authors pay them special attention. The second part of paper contains model situation in case of emergency: virus variola (smallpox) attack in a terminal of medium-size international airport. Depending on the detailed properties of virus, transport hub and afflicted area, there are two versions of attack- for summer and winter timetable, according to expected progress of virus extension, and follow-up arrangements.

Shape cumulative charge is a set of explosive components that uses directional energy accumulation. The water cumulative charges are filled with water, which forms a water-directed beam that has the ability to effectively counteract the intense flame that is induced by gaseous flammable gas or liquid from the damaged gas duct and extinguishes it. Study contains description of the experimentally constructed cumulative charge as well as the analysis of results of experiments carried out in real conditions. Based on the facts gained from the experiments we can conclude that the cumulative water charge has a significant potential and possibilities to extinguish an intense flame. Web of Science 68 3 264 260

Constantly increasing requirements on road safety lead to the development of new technologies and safety systems implemented in motor vehicles. Most of these systems help prevent accidents or reduce the severity of subsequent damage to persons and property occurred during an accident. However, these systems do not contribute to reduce the delay of the first aid ensured to injured persons. This function provides an emergency call system, which is capable of immediate detection of traffic accidents and ensures automatic transfer of information about the accident to the emergency call center. The information transfer is realized via GSM network, which may be disrupted by certain risk factors. The article presents the outcomes of the experiments in which these factors were evaluated.

This paper describes way how to use graph theory in security analysis. As an environment is used network of power lines and devices which are included here. Power grid is considered as a system of nodes which make together graph (network). On the simple example is applied Fiedler´s theory which is able to select the most important power lines of whole network. Components related to these lines are logicly ordered and considered by author´s modified analysis. This method has been improved and optimalized for risks related with illegal acts. Each power grid component has been connected with possible kind of attack and every of this device was gradually evaluated by five coefficients which takes values from 1 to 10. On the coefficient basis was assessed the level of risk. In the last phase the most risky power grid components have been selected. On the selected devices have been proposed security measures.