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The energy management system of a fuel cell electric robot should be highly responsive to provide the required power for various tactical operations, navigation of different routes, and acceleration. This paper presents a new multi-level online energy management strategy for a fuel cell electric robot based on the proposed functions of equivalent hydrogen fuel value evaluation, classification of the battery state of charge via the squared combined efficiency function, identification of the robot maneuver condition based on the proposed operation state of robot function, improvement of the overall energy efficiency based on the proposed function of the battery overcharge control, and separation of the functional points of the fuel cell based on the operational mode control strategy. The simulation study of the proposed online multi-level energy management strategy was carried out with MATLAB R2018b software to verify its superiority by comparing with other strategies. The results indicate a reduction in hydrogen consumption, reduction in fuel cell power fluctuations, prevention of battery overcharging, and incrementation in the total energy efficiency of energy storage systems compared to other energy management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design of dynamic output feedback control law for polynomial fuzzy systems is studied. The main purpose is to design a tracker control law for fuzzy polynomial systems that are subject to external bounded disturbances. The structure of the control law is considered as fuzzy proportional–integral control. The conditions for deriving the control law are formulated in the form of a sum of square (SOS) feasibility problem. The designed control law will be able to force the system state vector to follow the state vector of a stable reference model in addition to guaranteeing the H∞ performance measure. The simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed method exposed to external disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study elaborates upon a new modular split‐tooth permanent magnet‐assisted switched reluctance motor (MSTPM‐SRM). In the proposed topology, the stator comprises six modular E‐cores in which the middle poles are split into two teeth. Two permanent magnets (PMs) are placed between each module's middle and side poles. Primarily, the proposed topology is introduced. Next, the principle of operation of the proposed topology are elucidated, and the magnetic equivalent circuit analysis is adopted in order to validate the operational basics. It is proved that the embedded PMs significantly increase the air‐gap's flux density and adjusts the poles' flux density. The flux density distributions, static, and steady‐state characteristics of the proposed MSTPM‐SRM motor and its PMless counterpart are extracted by utilising 2‐D finite element analysis. It is illustrated that the average torque of the proposed MSTPM‐SRM is dramatically increased compared to its PMless counterpart, especially at high excitation currents. Furthermore, the cogging torque analysis is done and it is shown that the proposed structure has approximately zero cogging torque. Finally, a prototyping version of the proposed motor is fabricated, and the experimental results are elicited. It is shown that the experimental results endorse the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a new high step‐up multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) DC–DC converter control‐based pole placement suitable for photovoltaic system applications. The suggested topology has a high stability current control. Low element number, high voltage conversion ratio, and low ripple input current are the main advantages of the proposed converter. The capability to use several energy resources with different voltage/current characteristics, increase the number of inputs and outputs arbitrary without duty‐cycle limitation, and control each input unit power switch independently are other advantages. The operation principle of the suggested topology, steady‐state analysis in continuous condition mode (CCM), and parameter design are analyzed. A comparison between the suggested topology and other converters is applied. Two‐input two‐output version of the suggested topology in 200 W at an operating 50 kHz switching frequency is analyzed. Finally, the Typhoon HiL‐404 emulating setup is applied to verify the performance and efficiency of the suggested high‐step‐up MIMO DC–DC power converter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes a novel topology of two‐output high voltage rate DC‐DC converter based on coupled inductor and voltage multiplier cells (VMCs) techniques for renewable energy usages like photovoltaic (PV) systems. The proposed structure has two independent output ports with two voltage gains (M1 and M2). Low voltage stress across the power switch and diodes, common ground between input and output ports, high efficiency, and reduced number of elements are the advantages of the suggested converter. The used diodes are switched at zero current switching (ZCS) and zero voltage switching (ZVS) conditions, which reduce the losses of diodes and subsequently increase the power efficiency. Due to the usage of the coupled inductor, there is no need to a high value of the power switch's duty cycle. Therefore, a low conduction loss and higher efficiency can be obtained. On the other hand, because of the reduced voltage stresses, low rated semiconductors can be used for operation of the presented converter, which decrease the cost and the volume. To demonstrate the performance and effectiveness of the proposed topology, operation principles, steady‐state and efficiency analysis, and also the comparison assessment are provided. Finally, a 200 W experimental development with 50 kHz operation frequency, 20 V input voltage, and 200 and 100 V loads voltages has been implemented in the lab to prove the mathematical surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]