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Introduction: Natural products can be used as radioprotector agents because of containing phenolic compounds and several flavonoids with antioxidant properties. When the normal cells are exposed to ionizing radiation, they generate free radicals and reactive oxygen species that can cause damage in DNA, which leads to cellular dysfunction or even cell death. However, it is necessary to identify new radioprotective agents to protect normal cells. Ferulago angulata (F. angulata), a medicinal plant, can be used as a new radioprotective agent. Purpose: In this study, the radioprotective effect of F. angulata was evaluated against genotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes. Methods: The antioxidant activity of F. angulata was assayed using FRAP and DPPH methods. Then, the human blood samples were incubated with F. angulata at different concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μM) and subsequently exposed to IR at a dose of 2Gy. The radioprotective effect of F. angulata on the exposed cells was assessed by the micronucleus (MN) method. Also, biomarkers of oxidative stress in the exposed cells were evaluated by malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) methods. Results: Our findings showed that F. angulata reduced the frequency of MN induced by IR in exposed cells. At a 200 μM concentration of F. angulata, the maximum reduction in the frequency of MN (63.11%) was observed that demonstrated a high degree of radioprotection. Afterward, pretreatment at 200 μM concentration of F. angulata inhibited oxidative stress in irradiated lymphocytes, leading to a reduction in MN frequency and MDA levels while SOD activity was enhanced in the exposed cells. Conclusion: F. angulata as a natural radioprotective agent can protect normal cells against reactive oxygen species and genetic damage induced by IR.

Ionizing radiation (IR) brings many health problems to humans, causing damage to the digestive system, hematopoietic system, and immune system. Natural compounds derived from plants have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity. Here, we found that 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid (tCQA) extracted from natural plant Azolla imbricata could significantly alleviate the systemic damage in mice caused by IR. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of the radioprotective effect of tCQA, in vitro experiments confirmed that tCQA could attenuate the cytotoxic effect of IR on the colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 and alleviate the IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ROS production, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, the generation of ROS induced by H2 O2 could also be reversed by tCQA. Then, Western blot demonstrated that tCQA could reverse the MAPK signaling pathway activated by IR. However, the inhibitory effect of tCQA on JNK and P38 levels activated by the JNK agonist anisomycin is not obvious; meanwhile, tCQA could inhibit the activation of JNK/P38 induced by H2 O2 , which suggests that tCQA might inhibit the JNK/P38 signaling pathway by reducing ROS. In short, tCQA inhibits the generation of ROS caused by IR, and then regulates the activity of caspase in the mitochondrial pathway by inhibiting the JNK/P38 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the apoptosis of NCM460. This research provides an experimental basis for the development of new types of radioprotective agents for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy.

Background As we know, radiotherapy plays an irreplaceable role in the clinical management on solid tumors. However, due to the non-specific killing effects of ionizing radiation, normal tissues damages would be almost simultaneous inevitably. Therefore, ideal radioprotective agents with high efficiency and low toxicity are always desirable. In this work, atomically precise Ag14 clusterzymes were developed, and their applications in radioprotection were studied in vitro and in vivo for the first time. Methods The ultra-small glutathione supported Ag14 clusterzymes were synthesized by convenient sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction of thiolate-Ag (I) complexes and then they were purified by desalting columns. The enzyme-like activity and antioxidant capacity of Ag14 clusterzymes have been tested by various commercial kits, salicylic acid method and electron spin resonance (ESR). Next, they were incubated with L929 cells to evaluate whether they could increase cell viability after γ-ray irradiation. And then Ag14 clusterzymes were intravenously injected into C57 mice before 7 Gy whole-body γ-ray irradiation to evaluate the radioprotection effects in vivo. At last, the in vivo toxicities of Ag14 clusterzymes were evaluated through biodistribution test, hematological details, serum biochemical indexes and histological test in female Balb/c mice with intravenous injection of Ag14 clusterzymes. Results Our studies suggested atomically precise Ag14 clusterzymes were potential radioprotectants. Ag14 clusterzymes exhibited unique superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, strong anti-oxidative abilities, especially on •OH scavenging. The Ag14 clusterzymes could effectively improve cell viability through eliminating ROS and prevent DNA damages in cells dealt with γ-ray irradiation. In vivo experiments showed that Ag14 clusterzymes could improve the irradiated mice survival rate by protecting hematological systems and repairing tissue oxidative stress damage generated by γ-ray irradiation. In addition, bio-distribution and toxicological experiments demonstrated that the ultrasmall Ag14 clusterzymes could be excreted quickly from the body by renal clearance and negligible toxicological responses were observed in mice up to 30 days. Conclusion In summary, atomically precise, ultrasmall and water soluble Ag14 clusterzymes with SOD-like activity were successfully developed and proved to be effective both in vitro and in vivo for radioprotection. Furthermore, with atomically precise molecular structure, Ag14 clusterzymes, on aspect of the catalytic and optical properties, may be improved by structure optimization on atom-scale level for other applications in disease diagnosis and treatment. Graphical Abstract

PURPOSE To describe the contribution of Margarita Malakyan to the development of radiation biology in Armenia and how her multidisciplinary collaboration with chemists, physicists and biologists around the world led to the development of radioprotectors and radiosensitizers of different origins. CONCLUSION Margarita Malakyan was a very active and initiative woman, a radiobiologist, whose hard work and enthusiasm led to the establishment of a very constructive scientific network and to the development of newly synthesized metal compounds. During her short but very productive life, the synthesis, characterization, as well as toxicity and radioprotective studies of different compounds led to the suggestion of a number of metal complexes of Schiff bases as effective radioprotective agents and radiosensitizers.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of various cancers. However, IR can cause damage to human health by producing reactive oxygen species. Lactococcus lactis is a type of microorganism that is beneficial to human health and has a strong antioxidant capacity. In this study, the protective effect of normal and IR-induced L. lactis IL1403 cell-free extracts (CFE and IR-CFE, respectively) against oxidative damage in vitro and the radioprotective effect of IR-CFE in vivo was evaluated using 60Coγ-induced oxidative damage model in mice. Results showed that IR-CFE exhibited a stronger oxidative damage-protective effect than CFE for L. lactis IL1403 under H2O2 in vitro. Moreover, IR-CFE also showed strong radioprotective effect on hepatocyte cells (AML-12) under radiation condition, and the effect was better than that of CFE. Animal experiment indicated that IR-CFE could reduce the IR-induced damage to the hematopoietic system by increasing the number of white blood cells and red blood cells in peripheral blood of irradiated mice. It was also observed that IR-CFE could markedly alleviate the 60Coγ-induced oxidative stress via increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, enhancing the levels of glutathione, and decreasing the contents of malondialdehyde in serum, liver, and spleen. In addition, IR-CFE also could reduce the activities of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum, thereby reducing radiation damage to the liver. These results suggested that IR-CFE could be considered as potential candidates for natural radioprotective agents. This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the application of lactic acid bacteria.

Purpose: Our previous study indicated that sodium orthovanadate (vanadate), a strong inhibitor of p53, effectively suppressed the lethality from the hematopoietic (HP) and gastrointestinal (GI) syndromes after 12 Gy total-body irradiation (TBI) in mice. This conclusion, however, was inconsistent with the fact that p53 plays a radioprotective role in the intestinal epithelium. The death after TBI of around 12 Gy was attributed to a combined effect of HP and GI syndromes. To verify the effect from prophylactic administration of p53 inhibitor on protection of HP and GI syndromes, in this study, the radioprotective effects from vanadate were investigated in TBI and lower half-body irradiation (partial-body irradiation: PBI) mouse models. Methods: Female ICR mice were given a single injection of vanadate or vehicle, followed by a lethal dose of TBI or PBI. Radioprotective effects of vanadate against the irradiations were evaluated by analyzing survival rate, body weight, hematopoietic parameters, and histological changes in the bone marrow and intestinal epithelium. Results: TBI-induced HP syndrome was effectively suppressed by vanadate treatment. After TBI, the vanadate-treated mice retained better bone marrow cellularity and showed markedly higher survival rate compared to the vehicle-treated animals. In contrast, vanadate did not relieve loss of intestinal crypts and failed to rescue mice from GI death after PBI. Conclusion: Vanadate is a p53 inhibitor that has been shown to be beneficial as a radiation protective agent against HP but was not effective in protecting against acute GI radiation injury.

According to leading experts, the vast arsenal of radioprotective agents available in the world today does not fully meet modern practical needs, both in the field of radiation protection, and in the prevention and treatment of complications of radiotherapy. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of the salt-forming acids type on the radioprotective activity of NOS inhibitor T1023. The chemical part of this study included methods of chemical synthesis, physicochemical and elemental analysis. Pharmacological part – assessment of acute toxicity using V.B. Prozorovsky express method and the study of radioprotective activity using Till and McCulloch method based on the ability of mice hematopoietic cells to form spleen colonies after irradiation. The number of endogenous hematopoietic spleen colonies were assessed on the 8th day after total exposure to gamma-irradiation at a dose of 6 Gy in six independent experiments. As a result of directed chemical synthesis, six new derivatives of T1023 – salts of N-isobutanoyl-S-isopropylisothiourea have been developed, identified and characterized. The results of studying the safety and radioprotective activity of the synthesized compounds showed that changes in the salt-forming acid don’t significantly influence the toxicity: all studied compounds are in the 3rd class of toxicity and hazard. At the same time, it was found that the replacement of the salt-forming acid significantly influenced the severity of the radioprotective effect. For some of these compounds radioprotective efficacy is comparable to or exceeds the efficacy of the initial compound T1023. It is important to note that these new compounds were used in lower, more save doses than T1023. The results suggest promising further development of NOS inhibitors – isothiourea derivatives as radioprotective agents.

Radioprotection is the process whereby biological systems are aided against undesirable radiation hazards. Primitive radioprotectors suffered from either having crucial side effects or low efficacy in clinical applications. Therefore, the search for less toxic but more capable radioprotectants has continued for decades. Peptides have been investigated as radioprotectants in a variety of preclinical models both in vitro and in vivo. Peptides exert their influence through scavenging free radicals, modifying cell signaling and inhibiting cell apoptosis. Demonstrating potential in vivo properties, peptide radiation countermeasures might find enough credit for use in humans in the future. This article reviews the potential therapeutic value of currently known radioprotective peptides and attempts to provide a comprehensive source for further scientific research in this area.

—The possibilities of improving medical protectors administered by inhalation for urgent assistance in emergency situations are discussed in this paper. The advantages of this method of administration are characterized, and the expediency of using portable dry powder inhalers as a technical means of drug delivery is substantiated. The sources containing information on the inhalation use of drugs from various pharmacological groups has been examined. Radioprotective agents (cystamine, indraline, naphthyzine), radioprotective agents for prophylactic use (estradiol), means of preventing and arresting the primary reaction to radiation (ondansetron, metoclopramide, metacin), radiomitigators (analogs of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), growth hormone, betaleukin), and incorporated binding agents radionuclides (pentacin) should be considered as the most promising medical preparations for inhalation under exposure to radiation factors. This is determined by the presence of effective inhalation forms approved for medical use and registered in the Russian Federation, as well as their technological feasibility.

Radionuclide tritium is widely used in the nuclear energy production industry and creates a threat to human health through radiation exposure. Herein, the radioactive elimination and radioprotective effect of hydrogen-rich water (HRW), a potential antioxidant with various medical applications, on tritiated water (HTO) exposure, was studied in vitro and in vivo. Results showed that intragastric administration of HRW effectively promoted the elimination of urinary tritium, decreased the level of serum tritium and tissue-bound tritium (OBT), and attenuated the genetic damage of blood cells in mice exposed to HTO (18.5 MBq/kg). Pretreatment with HRW effectively reduces tritium accumulation in HTO-treated human blood B lymphocyte AHH-1 cells. In addition, the anti-oxidative properties of HRW could attenuate the increased intracellular ROS (such as O2•-, •OH and ONOO−), resulting in reversing the exhaustion of cellular endogenous antioxidants (reduced GSH and SOD), decreasing lipid peroxidation (MDA), relieving DNA oxidative damage, and depressing cell apoptosis and cytotoxicity induced by HTO exposure. In conclusion, HRW is expected to be an effective radioactive elimination agent through the competition effect of isotope exchange or a radioprotective agent by scavenging free radicals induced by HTO exposure.

With the rapid application of nuclear energy and radiological technology in national economy and military field, the risk of nuclear accidents increases as well. Exposure to irradiation causes severe damages to the human body, and radioprotective agents are required for medical protection. To find the safe and effective radioprotective agents is the key for nuclear emergency. Recently, Toll like receptors (TLRs) and PHD-HIF oxygen sensing signal pathway have been extensively studied for radioprotection. Great progress has been made in this field and a number of radioprotective agents have been found. In this review, we have summarized recent findings of radioprotective roles of TLRs signaling pathway and PHD-HIF signaling pathway and discussed the general principles of developing novel radioprotective agents. These findings will provide opportunities for developing new strategies to prevent IR-induced injuries in public health events.

In mass casualty events involving radiation exposure, there is a substantial unmet need for identifying and developing an orally bioavailable agent that can be used to protect the hematopoietic stem cell pool and regenerate hematopoiesis after radiation injury. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a free-radical scavenger, has shown therapeutic benefits in many preclinical and clinical studies. This study investigates the radioprotective effects of DMSO on oral administration. Single dose of oral DMSO administrated before irradiation conferred 100% survival of C57BL6/J mice receiving otherwise lethal as well as super-lethal radiation dose, with wide radioprotective time frame (from 15min to 4h). Oral DMSO not only protected radiation-induced acute hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) injury, but also ameliorated long-term BM suppression following irradiation in mice. Mechanistically, DMSO directly protected HSPC survival after irradiation in vitro and in vivo, whereas no radioprotective effect was seen in MLL-AF9-induced leukemia cells. Unexpectedly, DMSO treatment did not inhibit radiation-induced HSPC apoptosis, and the HSPC survival from Trp53-and PUMA-deficient mice after irradiation was also protected by DMSO. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate the radioprotective efficacy of oral DMSO. Given its oral efficacy and little toxicity, DMSO is an attractive candidate for human use in a wide variety of settings, including nuclear accidents and medical radiation.

Environmental factors like ionizing radiation induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause macromolecular damage under physiological conditions. Proteins are the potential targets of ROS induced oxidative damage because of their abundance and their critical functions in the biological systems. The present study investigates the protective potential of ethyl pyruvate (EP) against ionizing radiation induced oxidative damage of bovine serum albumin (BSA) using spectroscopic, biochemical and SDS-PAGE techniques. Spectroscopic data shows that EP prevents the build up of protein damage markers like bityrosine formation and oxidation of tryptophan. Protein melting studies shows that the melting temperature (Tm) of the irradiated protein does not change significantly in the presence of EP. Biochemical assays indicate that ionizing radiation causes the generation of carbonyls and malondialdehyde and the loss of thiol content in proteins that is prevented by EP. The SDS-PAGE profile of gamma irradiated BSA shows the radioprotective effect of EP. These results indicate the radiation induced oxidative and molecular changes in the protein and that the EP protected the BSA from these modifications. Therefore, these results imply that EP has a good antiradical property and hence it can be proposed as a good radioprotective agent.

Bu çalışma, bir tavşan modelinde teknesyum-99m-dietilentriaminpentaasetik asit transalveolar klirens sintigrafisi ile radyasyona bağlı akciğer hasarının akut fazında dimetil sülfoksitin radyoprotektif etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yirmi beyaz Yeni Zelanda tavşanı (1) kontrol, (2) ışınlama, (3) ışınlama artı dimetil sülfoksit ve (4) tek başına dimetil sülfoksit şeklinde gruplandırıldı. Işınlama ve ışınlama artı dimetil sülfoksit gruplarındaki tavşanların sağ hemitoraks bölgeleri Cobalt60 tedavi ünitesi ile tek doz 20 Gy ışınlandı. Işınlamadan 30 dakika önce intraperitoneal yolla dimetil sülfoksit (4.5 gr/kg) uygulandı. Teknesyum-99m-dietilentriaminpentaasetik asit transalveolar klirens sintigrafisi ışınlamadan sonraki 14. günde yapıldı. Tavşanlar 15. günde sakrifiye edildi ve histopatolojik değerlendirme için her iki akciğer çıkarıldı. Işınlamadan önce dimetil sülfoksitin uygulanması, histopatolojik değerlendirmede dietilentriaminpentaasetik asidin alveolokapiller membrandan transalveolar klirens hızında belirgin bir uzamaya neden oldu (p=0.028), akciğer parankiminin anatomik yapısını korudu, alveollerdeki eksüda şiddetini belirgin şekilde azalttı (p=0.042). Çalışma sonuçlarımız, dimetil sülfoksitin, normal akciğer dokusunun yapısında olumsuz bir değişikliğe neden olmadan ve özellikle akut fazda alveolokapiller membranın bütünlüğünü koruyarak, ışınlamaya bağlı inflamatuar yanıtı güvenli bir şekilde ortadan kaldırdığını göstermiştir. Dimetil sülfoksit, RILI'nin önlenmesi için güvenli ve iyi tolere edilen bir koruyucu ajan gibi görünmektedir. Teknesyum-99m-dietilentriaminpentaasetik asit transalveolar klirens sintigrafisi, akut RILI'de radyasyon toksisitesini izlemek için ucuz, kolay tekrarlanabilir, hassas bir test olarak kabul edilmektedir., This study aims to investigate the radioprotective effects of dimethyl sulfoxide in the acute phase of radiation-induced lung injury by technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid transalveolar clearance scintigraphy in a rabbit model. Twenty white New Zealand rabbits were grouped as (1) control, (2) sham irradiation, (3) irradiation plus dimethyl sulfoxide, and (4) dimethyl sulfoxide alone. Right hemithorax regions of the rabbits in the sham irradiation and irradiation plus dimethyl sulfoxide groups were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy by a Cobalt60 treatment unit. Dimethyl sulfoxide (4.5 gr/kg) was administered intraperitoneally, 30 minutes before irradiation. The technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid transalveolar clearance scintigraphy was performed on the 14th day after irradiation. The rabbits were sacrificed on the 15th day, and both lungs were removed for histopathologic evaluation. Administration of dimethyl sulfoxide before irradiation caused a marked prolongation in the transalveolar clearance rate of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid through the alveolocapillary membrane (p=0.028), protected the anatomic ultrastructure of the lung parenchyma, markedly decreased the severity of exudate in the alveoli in histopathologic evaluation. Our study results showed that dimethyl sulfoxide has safely eliminated inflammatory response induced by irradiation while not causing any negative alterations in the structure of the normal lung tissue and preserving the integrity of the alveolocapillary membrane, especially in the acute phase. Dimethyl sulfoxide appears to be a safe and well-tolerated protective agent for the prevention of RILI. Technetium-99m-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid transalveolar clearance scintigraphy is accepted as a cheap, easily reproducible, sensitive assay to monitor radiation toxicity reactions in acute RILI.

Ionising radiation causes the death of the most actively dividing cells, thus leading to depletion of the stem cell pool. Planarians are invertebrate flatworms that are unique in that their stem cells, called neoblasts, constantly replace old, damaged, or dying cells. Amenability to efficient RNAi treatments, the rapid development of clear phenotypes, and sensitivity to ionising radiation, combined with new genomic technologies, make planarians an outstanding tool for the discovery of potential radioprotective agents. In this work, using the well-known antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, planarians are, for the first time, shown to be an excellent model system for the fast and effective screening of novel radioprotective and radio-sensitising substances. In addition, a panel of measurable parameters that can be used for the study of radioprotective effects on this model is suggested.

This review represents a scientific approach regarding the utilization of phytochemicals in research work field as promising radioprotective agents. Recently, numerous studies proved the efficacy of phytochemicals as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer. Consequently, based on the previous exerted activities, phytochemicals have drawn the attention as radioprotective agents in both prophylactic and post radiation treatment protocols.Moreover , this collective work is basically concerning about the radiation meaning, types, effect on human health and offers a new perspective scenario about the outstanding benefits of phytochemicals, found in many plants around us and their unique radioprotective effect.

The high level of nuclear radiation threats in the modern world determines the need to find new means of pharmacological protection of the health of military personnel and civilians from the effects of ionizing radiation. Of particular scientific interest in this aspect are natural polyphenols as a promising basis for the development of newdrugs, radiomodifiers.Justification of the prospects of creating radioprotective agents based on compositions of plantpolyphenolic substances (PPS) and polysaccharides.The experiments were performed on 130 laboratory white rats-male of Wistar line sexually mature weighting 180-240 g. Animals once received a total X-ray dose equivalent to 4.25 Gy. The effects ofquercetin and patulaten to the processes of reparative regeneration under conditions of X-ray irradiation andagainst the background of butadione suppression were investigated. Indicators in the study groups were compared using the Student's t-test for independent samples; the differences were considered statistically significantat p0.05.The various biological properties of quercetin, in particular, the ability to bind hydroxyl radicals, is thepotential for developing radioprotective agents based on it. At the first stage of the study, the effect of PPS andtheir compositions with polysaccharides on reparative regeneration was studied against the background of its suppression in intact and irradiated animals. With the oral administration of PPS and their compositions with pectin towhite rats, 30 minutes before the administration of butadion, an increase in the processes of reparative regeneration in the cells of the covering epitheliumof the esophagus was observed. At the same time, quercetin granulescaused the most expressive effect, which increased the statistically significant value of the mitotic index by 78.5 %in relation to the group of animals injected with butadion. At the second stage of the study, the effect of polyphenolic substances and their compositions with pectin on the processes of reparative regeneration in intact and irradiated white rats was studied on a model of linear skin wounds. The prophylactic administration of quercetin granules and the treatment of wounds with 20 % sterile quercetin gel significantly accelerated the healing process.Experimental data indicate that quercetin granules have the ability to stimulate the processes of reparative regeneration, quercetin showed the greatest efficiency with simultaneous use inside and topically.The research results indicate the promise of developing radioprotective drugs that can stimulatereparative regeneration processes based on compositions of plant polyphenolic substances and polysaccharides invarious qualitative and quantitative ratios.Vysokyĭ riven' radiatsiĭno-iadernykh zagroz v suchasnomu sviti vyznachaie neobkhidnist' poshuku diievykh zasobiv farmakologichnogo zakhystu zdorov’ia viĭs'kovosluzhbovtsiv i tsyvil'nogo naselennia vid diï ionizuiuchogo vyprominiuvannia. Osoblyvyĭ naukovyĭ interes v ts'omu aspekti predstavliaiut' pryrodni polifenoly iak perspektyvni spolukydlia rozrobky farmpreparativ radiozakhysnoï diï.Meta. Obґruntuvannia perspektyv stvorennia zasobiv radiozakhysnoï diï na osnovi kompozytsiĭ roslynnykh polifenol'nykh spoluk (PFS)i polisakharydiv.Material ta metody. Eksperymenty provedeno na 130 laboratornykh bilykh statevozrilykh shchurakh-samtsiakh liniïWistar masoiu 180–240 g. Tvaryny odnorazovo otrymaly zagal'ne rentgenivs'ke oprominennia v dozi, ekvivalentniĭ 4,25 Gr. Doslidzhuvaly vplyv kvertsetynu i patulatenu na reparatyvnu regeneratsiiu na modeli liniĭnykhran shkiry na foni oprominennia ta na foni prygnichennia Butadionom. Pokaznyky v grupakh doslidzhennia porivniuvaly za dopomogoiu t-kryteriiu St'iudenta dlia nezalezhnykh vybirok; vidminnosti vvazhaly statystychno znachushchymy pry0,05.Rezul'taty doslidzhennia. Riznomanitni biologichni vlastyvosti kvertsetynu, zokrema spromozhnist' zv’iazuvatygidroksyl'ni radykaly, ie potentsialom dlia rozrobky na ĭogo osnovi radiozakhysnykh zasobiv. Pry peroral'nomuvvedenni polifenol'nykh spoluk ta ïkh kompozytsiĭ z pektynom bilym shchuram za 30 khv do vvedennia butadionu sposterigaly posylennia protsesiv reparatyvnoï regeneratsiï v klitynakh pokryvnogo epiteliiu stravokhodu. Pry ts'omunaĭbil'sh vyrazhenu diiu chynyly kvertsetynu granuly, iaki zbil'shuvaly statystychno dostovirnu velychynu mitotychnogo indeksu na 78,5 % porivniano z grupoiu tvaryn, iakym vvodyly butadion (kontrol'). Na drugomu etapidoslidzhennia vyvchavsia vplyv polifenol'nykh spoluk (PFS) ta ïkh kompozytsiĭ z pektynom na protsesy reparatyvnoï regeneratsiï u intaktnykh i oprominenykh bilykh shchuriv na modeli liniĭnykh ran shkiry. Profilaktychne vvedenniakvertsetynu granul i obrobka ran 20 % steryl'nym gelem kvertsetynu znachno pryskoriuvalo protses zagoienniaran. Eksperymental'ni dani svidchat' pro zdatnist' kvertsetynu granul posyliuvaty protsesy reparatyvnoï regeneratsiï, osoblyvo pry odnochasnomu zastosuvanni peroral'no i mistsevo.Vysnovky. Rezul'taty doslidzhen' vkazuiut' na perspektyvnist' rozrobky radiozakhysnykh preparativ, zdatnykhstymuliuvaty protsesy reparatyvnoï regeneratsiï na osnovi kompozytsiĭ roslynnykh polifenol'nykh spoluk ipolisakharydiv u riznykh iakisnykh i kil'kisnykh spivvidnoshenniakh.

The adverse effects of ionizing radiation (IR) on biological tissues are mediated via increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) often resulting in life-threatening injuries. The effects of ionizing radiation on cells include the formation of ROS, DNA single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, and extensive base modifications inducing the complex DNA damage. The capacity to endure the radiation insult lies in the biochemical mechanisms and structural properties in many bacterial species such as Deinococcus radiodurans and Thermococcus radiotolerans. In addition, a mechanistic link has established between the presence and accumulation of short peptides and Mn2+ in the protection of bacteria (Deinococcus radiodurans) from the harmful ionizing radiation. This paradigm has opened up novel avenues of radioprotection in diverse settings and systems for human application. We hereby report a new bifunctional system that comprises of thiol groups in the form of Glutathione (GSH), and manganese to mimic the above system for radioprotection. The present study, therefore, adopts a novel approach to use GSH complexed Mn, and this conjugated system is complying with the prerequisite for radioprotection as seen in the above mechanism. This unique conjugate DT(GS)2Mn(II) was evaluated for its efficacy invitro and invivo. Radioprotective efficacy of DT(GS)2Mn(II) on NIH/3T3 cells revealed that compound could significantly protect cells against radiation-induced toxicity as compared to the standard compound N-acetyl cysteine. Pre-treatment of DT(GS)2Mn(II) increased the survival of mice by 50% compared to radiation alone treatment group. A significant decrease in cytochrome c levels in the group pre-treated with test compound (0.50 ± 0.14) compared to radiation alone group (1.60 ± 0.07) was observed. DT(GS)2Mn(II) attenuated radiation induced apoptosis by promoted expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 along with suppression of cyt-c release and augmented cell survival following irradiation. A distinct improvement in villi length was observed in the group treated with DT(GS)2Mn(II) with an average of 1546 ± 61 μm versus 763 ± 154 μm for radiation alone group. The present findings suggested DT(GS)2Mn(II) is a promising radioprotective agent and exerts it protective effect both invitro and invivo systems by decreasing radiation induced cytotoxicity.

Anti-aging properties can be found in many compounds with radiation-protective effects. Such compounds include the following: bioflavonoids, some antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine), melatonin, some non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents and statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, metformin, rapamycin, etc. The effects of the drugs can develop both in the case of their long-term use and in case of a single application against the background of acute exposure to ionizing radiation at lethal doses. At the same time, “classical” radiation-protective agents such as cystamine, amifostine, adrenergic alfa-blockers, and androgenic drugs were not revealed to have geroprotective properties, which may be due to their high toxicity.

Introduction: The ionizing radiation exposure of the normal cell causes damage to DNA, which leads to cell dysfunction or even cell death. However, it is necessary to identify new radio protectives in order to protect normal cells. Sulindac sulfide (SS) is a metabolite of sulindac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) known as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species are generated in the IR-exposed cells. Also, the induced inflammation process causes damage in DNA. Purpose In this research, the radioprotective effect of SS was investigated against genotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by ionizing radiation in the human blood lymphocytes. Methods In this study, the human blood samples were pretreated with SS at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 μM) and then were exposed to IR at a dose of 1.5 Gy. The micronucleus (MN) assay was used to indicate the radioprotective effects of SS on exposed cells. Total antioxidant activity of the SS was measured by using FRAP and DPPH assay. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the exposed cells were evaluated. Results It was found that SS decreased the percentage of MN induced by IR in exposed cells. Maximum reduction in the frequency of MN was observed at 250 μM of SS (87%) that provides the highest degree of protection against IR. On the other hand, pretreatment at 250 μM of SS inhibited IR-induced oxidative stress, which led to a decrease in the MN frequencies and MDA levels, while SOD activity showed an increase in the exposed cells. Conclusion It could be concluded that SS as a good radioprotective agent protects the human normal cells against the oxidative stress and genetic damage induced by IR.

Objectives: Gliclazide (GL) is widely used to reduce hyperglycemia in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of GL against chromosome damage induced by ionizing radiation in human blood lymphocytes. Methods: In this experimental study, peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers and treated with GL at various concentrations (5, 25, 50 or 100 μM) for three hours. Then samples were irradiated to X-ray (1.5 Gy). Blood samples were cultured with mitogenic stimulation. The frequencies of micronuclei in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated lymphocytes were determined in the different samples. The antioxidant activities of GL were assayed by two different methods as 1,1- diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH) free radical scavenging and reducing antioxidant power assays. Results: GL significantly reduced the percentage of micronuclei in lymphocytes which were irradiated. The maximum radioprotection in the reduction of percentage of micronuclei in lymphocytes was observed at 100 μM of GL with 52% efficacy. GL exhibited excellent free radical scavenging activity and reducing power at concentration dependent activities. The IC50 values of GL were lower than ascorbic acid. Higher potencies were observed in the antioxidant activities for GL than ascorbic acid in both methods. Conclusion: This data exhibits that GL is a powerful radioprotective agent that could protect healthy cells against the chromosome damage induced by ionizing radiation through antioxidant activity. The radioprotective effect is new indication of GL for patients' protection against side effect induced by ionizing radiation.

Cancer radiotherapy and modern synthetic medicine are critical for the treatment of cancer patients, but on the other hand they may have tremendous harmful side effect from the point of view of a weakened immune system. The focus of current research efforts in the industry and academia is not only to find affordable treatment methodologies but also to discover sources that mitigates or prevents the negative impact of these treatments on the patient’s immune system. This review will provide details of optimal methodology involving Invitro application of techniques such as phytochemical analysis, thin layer chromatography, cytogenetic analysis that were adopted to assess the efficacy of Alpinia Zerumbet extracts as a radioprotector. These methodologies provide a holistic evaluation technique for assessing any potential cytoprotective agent, especially if it’s from the herbal domain. As a case study, analytical and inferential results summary of the research conducted to assess radioprotective property of Alpinia Zerumbet, a herbal and readily available derivative, will be presented. The key findings from the research indicate that the Alpinia Zerumbet extract has potential to be an effective radioprotector, with minimal side effects as compared to synthetic chemical cytoprotective agents. Keywords: Radioprotection; cancer; herbal; Alpinia Zerumbet

In spite of carbon ion radiotherapy is a talented modality for malignant tumor patients, the radiation damage of normal tissues adjacent to tumor and the dysfunction of immune system limits therapeutic gain. Protecting immune system against carbon ion radiation-caused damage has the possibility to improve cancer treatment, but it is uncertain whether conventional radioprotective agents play a role in carbon ion radiation. To certify carbon ion caused immune dysfunction and assess the radioprotective effect of melatonin on immune system, animal experiments were performed in radiosensitive BALB/C mice. Here, we observed the bodyweight loss, death and apoptosis, abnormal T-cell distributions in immune system in carbon ion radiated mice. Pretreatment with melatonin could increase the index of thymus and spleen, reduce cell apoptosis in thymus and spleen, and attenuate the carbon ion radiation-caused imbalance of T lymphocytes and disorder of cytokines. These results suggest that melatonin can act as an effective protector against carbon ion radiation-caused immune dysfunction. Furthermore, we also found melatonin restored the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced the level of lipid peroxidation in serum. These data have provided baseline information both for radiation workers and cancer patients to use melatonin as a radioprotector during the carbon ion radiation treatment.

Background:Radiotherapy is one of the treatment methods for cancers using ionizing radiations. About 70% of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy. Radiation effect on the skin is one of the main complications of radiotherapy and dose limiting factor. To ameliorate this complication, we used melatonin as a radioprotective agent due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, free radical scavenging, improving overall survival after irradiation as well as minimizing the degree of DNA damage and frequency of chromosomal abrasions.Methods:Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups: control (C), melatonin (M), radiation (R) and melatonin + radiation (MR). A single dose of 30 Gy gamma radiation was exposed to the right hind legs of the rats while 40 mg/ml of melatonin was administered 30 minutes before irradiation and 2 mg/ml once daily in the afternoon for one month till the date of rat’s sacrifice. Five rats from each group were sacrificed 4, 12 and 20 weeks after irradiation. Afterwards, their exposed skin tissues were examined histologically and biochemically.Results:In biochemical analysis, we found that malondialdehyde (MDA) levels significantly increased in R group and decreased significantly in M and MR groups after 4, 12, and 20 weeks, whereas catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased in the R group and increased in M and MR groups during the same time periods compared with the C group (p0.05) at 4 and 20 weeks except for inflammation and hair follicle atrophy, while there were significant effects at 12 weeks (pConclusion:Melatonin can be successfully used for the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced skin injury. We recommend the use of melatonin in optimal and safe doses. These doses should be administered over a long period of time for effective radioprotection and amelioration of skin damages as well as improving the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy.

Radiotherapy is an important method for the treatment of malignant tumors. It can directly or indirectly lead to the formation of free radicals and DNA damage, resulting in a series of biological effects, including tumor cell death and normal tissue damage. These radiation effects are typically accompanied by the abnormal expression of sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), which deacetylates histones and non-histones. These Sirt1 substrates, including transcription factors and some catalytic enzymes, play a crucial role in anti-oxidative stress, DNA damage repair, autophagy regulation, anti-senescence, and apoptosis, which are closely related to triggering cell defense and survival in radiation-induced damage. In this article, we review the mechanisms underlying cellular responses to ionizing radiation and the role of Sirt1 in the process, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis for protection against radiation by Sirt1 as well as novel targets for developing radioprotective agents.

The risk of radiation damage has increased with the rapid development of nuclear technology and radiotherapy. Hence, research on radioprotective agents is of utmost importance. In the present study, a novel aminothiol compound 12, containing a linear alkylamino backbone and three terminal thiols, was synthesized. Owing to the appropriate capped groups in the chains, it has an improved permeability and oral bioavailability compared to other radioprotective agents. Oral administration of compound 12 improved the survival of mice that received lethal doses of γ-irradiation. Experimental results demonstrated that compound 12 not only mitigated total body irradiation-induced hematopoietic injury by increasing the frequencies of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells but also prevented abdominal irradiation-induced intestinal injury by increasing the survival of Lgr5+ intestinal cells, lysozyme+ Paneth cells, and Ki67+ cells. In addition, compound 12 decreased oxidative stress by upregulating the expression of Nrf2 and NQO1 and downregulating the expression of NOX1. Further, compound 12 inhibited γ-irradiation-induced DNA damage and alleviated G2/M phase arrest. Moreover, compound 12 decreased the levels of p53 and Bax and increased the level of Bcl-2, demonstrating that it may suppress radiation-induced apoptosis via the p53 pathway. These results indicate that compound 12 has the possibility of preventing radiation injury and can be a potential radioprotector for clinical applications.

Cancer stands as one of the most common causes for death of the individual worldwide. Radiotherapy is one of the treatment modalities in cancer where, exposure of the normal tissue to these ionizing radiations, results in mutagenesis and cell death. Several modalities and clinical approaches have been made to reduce these early and late complications of the radiotherapies and one among them is, by the means of pharmacological agents. Many experimental and clinical studies have given rise to new concepts of chemical and molecular pharmacological agents as Radioprotective agents. These have been used to prevent damage to the tissues from the radiations that have been produced while diagnostic and treatment phases of carcinomas. To reduce the significant complications in irradiated patients, the clinical implication of these radioprotective agents have emerged as potential drugs and with anti-tumour effect in the radiotherapy of various cancers including oral carcinomas.

A novel bio-nanocomposite was developed by incorporating the extracted nanochitosan from shrimp wastes with Schiff base cobalt complex (Chit-Co complex). The phytosynthesis of Chit-Co complex/Ag bio-nanocomposite was designed utilizing Chit-Co complex at the presence of Ferulago angulate extraction and characterized by AFM, SEM, EDAX, TEM, FT-IR, and elemental analysis. The radioprotective application of this bio-nanocomposite on human lymphocyte cells was evaluated using micronucleus (MN) assay. Total antioxidant activities of it were evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays. Chit-Co complex/Ag bio-nanocomposite significantly decreased the frequency of micronuclei in human lymphocytes exposed to ionization irradiation (IR). The highest protection was observed at 200 μg/ml. Also, maximum antioxidant activities of bio-nanocomposite were provided at the same dose. These data exhibit the radioprotective effect of a bio-nanocomposite based on wastes of living organisms can be an excellent radioprotective agent, which can protect the normal cells of human against the genetic damage by IR.

Although ionizing radiation (radiation) is commonly used for medical diagnosis and cancer treatment, radiation-induced damages cannot be avoided. Such damages can be classified into direct and indirect damages, caused by the direct absorption of radiation energy into DNA and by free radicals, such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH), generated in the process of water radiolysis. More specifically, radiation damage concerns not only direct damages to DNA, but also secondary damages to non-DNA targets, because low-dose radiation damage is mainly caused by these indirect effects. Molecular hydrogen (H2) has the potential to be a radioprotective agent because it can selectively scavenge •OH, a reactive oxygen species with strong oxidizing power. Animal experiments and clinical trials have reported that H2 exhibits a highly safe radioprotective effect. This paper reviews previously reported radioprotective effects of H2 and discusses the mechanisms of H2, not only as an antioxidant, but also in intracellular responses including anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, and the regulation of gene expression. In doing so, we demonstrate the prospects of H2 as a novel and clinically applicable radioprotective agent.

Oxidative stress-induced off-target effects limit the therapeutic window of radiation therapy. Although many antioxidants have been evaluated as radioprotective agents, none of them are in widespread clinical use, owing to the side effects of the antioxidants themselves and the lack of apparent benefit. Aiming for a truly effective radioprotective agent in radiation cancer therapy, the performance of a self-assembling antioxidant nanoparticle (herein denoted as redox nanoparticle; RNP) is evaluated in the local irradiation of a subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model. Since RNP is covered with a biocompatible shell layer and possesses a core-shell type structure of several tens of nanometers in size, its lifetime in the systemic circulation is prolonged. Moreover, since 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO), one of the most potent antioxidants, is covalently encapsulated in the core of RNP, it exerts intense antioxidant activity and induces fewer adverse effects by avoiding leakage of the TEMPO molecules. Preadministration of RNP to the mouse model effectively mitigates side effects in normal tissues and significantly extends the survival benefit of radiation cancer therapy. Moreover, RNP pretreatment noticeably increases the apoptosis/necrosis ratio of radiation-induced cell death, a highly desirable property to reduce the chronic side effects of ionizing irradiation.

There are various radioprotective agents with different mechanisms that help to decrease ionizing radiation side effects. The radioprotective effect of Cimetidine and IMOD was assessed individually and compared with the hybrid radioprotectors agents (HRPAs-IMOD and Cimetidine) on human lymphocyte cells.Twenty healthy volunteers (ten men and ten women) participated in the present study. About 75 mL peripheral blood lymphocytes from each individual were collected, and they were divided into 36 groups. Briefly, the blood samples were treated with different concentrations of Cimetidine (12.6 and 25.2 μg/mL) and IMOD (0.04, 0.08, and 0.12 mg/mL), and also a combination of these agents, namely hybrid radioprotectors agents (HRPAs). Besides, the irradiated groups were exposed to 2 and 4 Gy of Co-60 gamma irradiation. The amount of cellular damage was assessed using the micronucleus assay. The repeated measurements and paired T-test statistical analysis were used to compare the micronucleus frequencies in different groups.The micronucleus frequencies were significantly reduced (p 0.05) in irradiated groups when the non-toxic concentrations of Cimetidine, IMOD, and HRPAs have been used. The reduction in micronucleus frequency was obtained 5-29% for Cimetidine and 40-51% for IMOD in peripheral blood lymphocytes irradiated with 2 Gy. This reduction in 4 Gy irradiation was 8-17% for Cimetidine and 27-37% for IMOD. The HRPAs resulted in a higher radioprotective effect, in a way that they cause up to 58% and 43% micronucleus frequency reduction in 2 and 4 Gy, respectively.In conclusion, the HRPAs showed the highest level of radioprotective. In addition, IMOD was remarkably higher radioprotective than Cimetidine, which may be related to its greater non-toxic concentrations.

Exposure to Ionizing radiation (IR) poses a severe threat to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop potent and safe radioprotective agents for radio-nuclear emergencies. Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) mediates its cytoprotective signaling against IR by phosphorylating membrane phospholipids to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 triphosphate, PIP3, that serve as a docking site for AKT. Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) antagonizes PI3K activity by dephosphorylating PIP3, thus suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling that could prevent IR induced cytotoxicity. The current study was undertaken to investigate the radioprotective potential of PTEN inhibitor (PTENi), bpV(HOpic). The cell cytotoxicity, proliferation index, and clonogenic survival assays were performed for assessing the radioprotective potential of bpV(HOpic). A safe dose of bpV(HOpic) was shown to be radioprotective in three radiosensitive tissue origin cells. Further, bpV(HOpic) significantly reduced the IR-induced apoptosis and associated pro-death signaling. A faster and better DNA repair kinetics was also observed in bpV(HOpic) pretreated cells exposed to IR. Additionally, bpV(HOpic) decreased the IR-induced oxidative stress and significantly enhanced the antioxidant defense mechanism in cells. The radioprotective effect of bpV(HOpic) was found to be AKT dependant and primarily regulated by the enhanced glycolysis and associated signaling. Furthermore, this in-vitro observation was verified in-vivo, where administration of bpV(HOpic) in C57BL/6 mice resulted in AKT activation and conferred survival advantage against IR-induced mortality. These results imply that bpV(HOpic) ameliorates IR-induced oxidative stress and cell death by inducing AKT signaling mediated antioxidant defense system and DNA repair pathways, thus strengthening its potential to be used as a radiation countermeasure.

Amifostine is a radioprotector with high efficacy but poor safety, short half-life, no oral formulation, and poor compliance, which limits its application. With the increasing risk of exposure to radiation, the development of new radioprotective agents is critical. We previously synthesized a new amifostine derivative, the small molecule compound HL-003. In this study, we focused on evaluating the radioprotective properties of HL-003. Using the in vitro 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, we initially confirmed HL-003 as a strong antioxidant and demonstrated that its free radical scavenging activity was stronger than that of amifostine. Then, we performed an acute toxicity test, a 28-day toxicity test, a 30-day survival rate test, and a pharmacokinetic study, all of which provided aggregate evidence that HL-003 functioned as a small molecule radioprotector with high efficacy, a favorable safety profile, a long half-life, and oral administration. The intestinal radioprotective mechanism of HL-003 was explored in male C57 mice after abdominal irradiation by analyzing intestinal tissue samples with hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL staining, and immunofluorescence detection. The results showed that HL-003 protected intestinal DNA from radiation damage and suppressed the expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX, phosphorylated p53, and the apoptosis-related proteins caspase-8 and caspase-9, which contributed to maintaining the normal morphology of the small intestine and provided insights into the mechanism of radioprotection. Thus, HL-003 is a small molecule radioprotector with a potential application in radiation medicine.

Radiation can be lethal at high doses, whereas controlled doses are useful in medical applications. Other applications include power generation, agriculture sterilization, nuclear weapons, and archeology. Radiation damages genetic material, which is reflected in genotoxicity and can cause hereditary damage. In the medical field, it is essential to avoid the harmful effects of radiation. Radiation countermeasures and the need for radioprotective agents have been explored in recent years. Considering plants that evolve in radiative conditions, their ability to protect organisms against radiation has been studied and demonstrated. Crude extracts, fractioned extracts, isolated phytocompounds, and plant polysaccharides from various plants have been used in radioprotection studies, and their efficiency has been proven in various in vitro and in vivo experimental models. It is important to identify the mechanism of action to develop a potent plant-based radioprotective agent. To identify this protective mechanism, it is necessary to understand the damage caused by radiation in biological systems. This review intends to discuss the effects of ionizing radiation on biological systems and evaluate plant-based radioprotectants that have tested thus far as well as their mechanism of action in protecting against the toxic effects of radiation. From the review, the mechanism of radioprotection exhibited by the plant-based products could be understood. Meanwhile, we strongly suggest that the potential products identified so far should undergo clinical trials for critically evaluating their effects and for developing an ideal and compatible radioprotectant with no side-effects.

Abstract: Ionising radiation has been an important modality in cancer treatment and its value is immense when surgical intervention is risky or might debilitate/adversely affect the patient. However, the beneficial effect of radiation modality is negated by the damage to the adjacent healthy tissue in the field of radiation. Under these situations, the use of radioprotective compounds that can selectively protect normal tissues against radiation injury is considered very useful. However, research spanning over half a century has shown that there are no ideal radioprotectors available. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) approved amifostine, or WR-2721 (Walter Reed-2721) [chemically S-2-(3-aminopropyl-amino) ethyl phosphorothioic acid] is toxic at their optimal concentrations. This has necessitated the need for agents that are safe and easily acceptable to humans. Background: Dietary agents with beneficial effects like free radical scavenging, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects are being recognized as useful and have been investigated for their radioprotective properties. Studies in these lines have shown that the fruits of Aegle marmelos (stone apple or bael), Emblica officinalis or Phyllanthus emblica (Indian gooseberry/amla), Eugenia jambolana or Syzygium jambolana (black plum/jamun), Mangifera indica (mango) and Grewia asiatica (phalsa or falsa) that are originally reported to be indigenous to India have been investigated for their usefulness as radioprotective agents. Objective: The objective of this review is to summarize the beneficial effects of the Indian indigenous fruits, stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa, in mitigating radiation-induced side effects, emphasize the underlying mechanism of action for the beneficial effects and address aspects that merit detail investigations for these fruits to move towards clinical application in the near future. Methods: The authors data-mined Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for publications in the field from 1981 up to July 2020. The focus was on the radioprotection and the mechanism responsible for the beneficial effects, and accordingly, the articles were collated and analyzed. Results: This article emphasizes the usefulness of stone apple, mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, and phalsa as radioprotective agents. From a mechanistic view, reports are suggestive that the beneficial effects are mediated by triggering free radical scavenging, antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: For the first time, this review addresses the beneficial effects of mango, Indian gooseberry, black plum, stone apple and phalsa as radioprotective agents. The authors suggest that future studies should be directed at understanding the selective radioprotective effects with tumor-bearing laboratory animals to understand their usefulness as radioprotective drug/s during radiotherapy and as a food supplement to protect people from getting exposed to low doses of radiation in occupational settings. Phase I clinical trial studies are also required to ascertain the optimal dose and the schedule to be followed with the standardized extract of these fruits. The most important aspect is that these fruits, being a part of the diet, have been consumed since the beginning of mankind, are non-toxic, possess diverse medicinal properties, have easy acceptability, all of which will help take research forward and be of benefit to patients, occupational workers, agro-based sectors and pharma industries.