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This comprehensive guide provides a uniquely practical, application-focused introduction to medical image analysis. The text presents a concise examination of each of the key concepts, enabling the reader to understand the interdependencies between them before delving deeper into the derivations and technical details. This fully updated new edition has been enhanced with material on the latest developments in the field, whilst retaining the original focus on segmentation, classification and registration. Topics and features: Presents learning objectives, exercises and concluding remarks in each chapter, in addition to a glossary of abbreviations Describes a range of common imaging techniques, reconstruction techniques and image artifacts, and discusses the archival and transfer of images Reviews an expanded selection of techniques for image enhancement, feature detection, feature generation, segmentation, registration, and validation (NEW) Examines analysis methods in view of image-based guidance in the operating room, designed to aid the operator in adapting their intervention during an operation (NEW) Discusses the use of deep convolutional networks for segmentation and labeling tasks, describing how this network architecture differs from multi-layer perceptrons (NEW) Includes appendices on Markov random field optimization, variational calculus and principal component analysis This clearly-written guide/reference serves as a classroom-tested textbook for courses on medical image processing and analysis, with suggestions for course outlines supplied in the preface. Professionals in medical imaging technology, as well as computer scientists and electrical engineers specializing in medical applications, will also find the book an ideal resource for self-study.

This atlas gathers the most frequent imaging findings concerning alterations that cause infertility in both males and in females. Also, it discusses how the images should be analyzed and described, to serve as a guide for the physicians who request and perform these imaging tests. Infertility is a highly prevalent condition – about 10% of couples are infertile with males and females equally affected. This book offers professionals dealing with infertility, including endocrinologists, gynecologists and urologists, a useful guide to the diagnostic imaging tests that are essential in treating these patients. The Atlas of Imaging in Infertility is a valuable resource for physicians from different specialties managing cases of infertility.

This book will serve as a comprehensive reference source and self-assessment guide for physicians and technologists who practice myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. Readers will learn to identify a wide variety of findings apart from the left ventricle, including those in the chest, the abdomen, and the right heart. It is explained which findings are clinically relevant and related to the reason for the myocardial perfusion imaging examination and which are incidental, with or without important clinical ramifications. The coverage includes a wide variety of common and uncommon focal lesions (e.g., benign or malignant neoplasms) and organ/systemic diseases (e.g., emphysema, cirrhosis and its sequelae, cholecystitis, duodenogastric reflux/gastroparesis, end-stage renal disease) that may be detected with myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging. In addition, guidance is provided in the recognition of typical artifacts, which may appear either “hot” or “cold” on the raw (unprocessed) and processed SPECT images, and, thereby, in the avoidance of potential interpretative pitfalls.

This superbly illustrated atlas of breast tomosynthesis covers all aspects and applications of the technology, which reduces tissue overlap and facilitates the recognition of small cancers. After clear explanation of basic principles of the technique, individual chapters address diagnostic criteria, indications, and use of breast tomosynthesis as a screening tool. The findings obtained in the full range of benign and malignant conditions, including postoperative changes, are then presented with the aid of a wealth of high-quality illustrations from case examples. Detailed attention is paid to the BI-RADS classification, bearing in mind the ability of tomosynthesis to reduce categorizations as BI-RADS 3 and 0, thereby decreasing the recall rate. The book concludes by examining tomosynthesis-guided interventions such as vacuum-assisted breast biopsy and galactography.

This book looks at evidence-based information on the anatomy and physiology of the female pelvis and pelvic organs. The authors bring together comprehensive topics ranging across the whole spectrum of childbirth trauma, to help the reader with the diagnosis, management and treatment of different types of traumas, including prognosis, prediction and prevention. Childbirth Trauma is a useful resource for gynecologists, urologists, coloproctologists and physiotherapists, as well as all professionals who provide care for women in pregnancy and in labor and those who manage women with childbirth trauma.

This atlas serves as a basic introduction to breast MRI. Organized by case, it emphasizes pertinent breast MRI findings and common indications for breast MRI. Topics include breast MRI basics, benign findings, breast malignancy, high-risk conditions, interesting cases, and breast implants. Brief teaching points accompany each case and highlight the importance of the findings. Breast MRI Teaching Atlas is an ideal resource for diagnostic radiologists, residents, fellows, and clinicians involved in the care of breast cancer patients, including surgeons, oncologists, and obstetricians/gynecologists. .

Since the introduction of coronary angiography, a key technique in understanding coronary artery disease, a number of paradigms regarding its study and interpretation have taken place. Following an emphasis on improved angiographic and subsequent intracoronary imaging techniques, functional assessment of coronary circulation has demonstrated to have major implications for diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. Fractional flow reserve, a pressure derived index of stenosis severity, constitutes the best example of the current importance of physiological assessment in clinical practice. However, the acceptance of FFR by cardiologists contrasts with important voids in knowledge on the basic principles of coronary physiology and of other available techniques that, as an alternative to FFR, allow a more comprehensive assessment of coronary circulation. This is particularly noticeable in the assessment of microcirculation, an unavoidable compartment of coronary circulation that is frequently affected in acute coronary syndromes of in the presence of cardiovascular risk factors or non-coronary heart disease. A deeper understanding of the relationship between epicardial vessel and microcirculatory involvement has started with the advent of newer imaging techniques like invasive optical coherence tomography, and non-invasive CT and NMR techniques. This book aims to be an indispensable tool for clinicians and researches in the field of coronary artery disease. It provides a balanced, comprehensive review of anatomy, physiology and available techniques, discusses both the diagnosis of epicardial vessel and microcirculatory disease, the impact of different diseases at different levels of coronary circulation, and the best way to address a separate or combined assessment of different levels of coronary circulation. .

This book addresses an urgent need, offering an updated, detailed and multidisciplinary review of surgery of the inferior vena cava (IVC). Over the past two decades, tremendous advances have been made in this field and related specialties. Many journals and/or textbooks on different surgical or medical specialties have reported on individual aspects, so it is high time to gather all of them in a single resource. To date, surgery of the IVC remains a major challenge, not only in terms of technical difficulties, but also in terms of perioperative management. The book sheds new light on cutting-edge developments, including: Innovations in imaging; Neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatments for tumors of or involving the IVC; Intraoperative anesthetic management; and Technical and technological advances in surgery. As such, it will be of a great interest to surgeons (cardiac, vascular and digestive) and urologists, as well as radiologists and anesthesiologists.

This book comprehensively reviews imaging of the pediatric gastrointestinal tract and accessory digestive organs from a practical approach. Starting with a brief discussion on techniques this is followed by a couple of comprehensive chapters covering emergency/acute pediatric abdominal imaging. A series of traditional anatomically structured chapters on the oesophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon and accessory organs then follow. Each chapter carefully considers the role of the currently available imaging techniques and discusses and illustrates diagnostic dilemmas. The closing chapter focuses on pediatric interventional procedures performed with imaging guidance. Since the first edition, the text has been fully updated and new illustrations included. Against the background of rapid advances in imaging technology and the distinctive aspects of gastrointestinal imaging in children and infants, this volume will serve as an essential reference for general and pediatric radiologists as well as for radiologists in training, neonatologists and pediatricians.

This book highlights advances and prospects of a highly versatile and dynamic research field: Therapeutic ultrasound. Leading experts in the field describe a wide range of topics related to the development of therapeutic ultrasound (i.e., high intensity focused ultrasound, microbubble-assisted ultrasound drug delivery, low intensity pulsed ultrasound, ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers), ranging from the biophysical concepts (i.e., tissue ablation, drug and gene delivery, neuromodulation) to therapeutic applications (i.e., chemotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, sonothrombolysis, immunotherapy, lithotripsy, vaccination). This book is an indispensable source of information for students, researchers and clinicians dealing with non-invasive image-guided ultrasound-based therapeutic interventions in the fields of oncology, neurology, cardiology and nephrology.

This thesis describes the design and fabrication of ultrasound probes for pedicle screw guidance. The author details the fabrication of a 2MHz radial array for a pedicle screw insertion eliminating the need for manual rotation of the transducer. He includes radial images obtained from successive groupings of array elements in various fluids. He also examines the manner in which it can affect ultrasound propagation. Nominated as an outstanding Ph.D. thesis by the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Describes the design and fabrication of 2Mhz ultrasound probes for pedicle screw guidance Explores radial array designs that eliminate the need for manual rotation of the transducer Depicts a quantitative method for investigating the directionality distribution for analysis of ultrasound propagation with potential uses for a variety of applications.

This book provides a cohesive overview of the current technological advances in computational radiology, and their applications in orthopaedic interventions. Contributed by the leading researchers in the field, this volume covers not only basic computational radiology techniques such as statistical shape modeling, CT/MRI segmentation, augmented reality and micro-CT image processing, but also the applications of these techniques to various orthopaedic interventional tasks. Details about following important state-of-the-art development are featured: 3D preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation for surgical treatment of long-bone deformities, computer assisted diagnosis and planning of periacetabular osteotomy and femoroacetabular impingement, 2D-3D reconstruction-based planning of total hip arthroplasty, image fusion for computer-assisted bone tumor surgery, intra-operative three-dimensional imaging in fracture treatment, augmented reality based orthopaedic interventions and education, medical robotics for musculoskeletal surgery, inertial sensor-based cost-effective surgical navigation, and computer assisted hip resurfacing using patient-specific instrument guides. Edited and authored by leading researchers in the field, this work is an essential reference for biomedical engineers, computer scientists and orthopaedic surgeons to develop or use computational radiology approaches for orthopaedic surgery and interventions.

This book collates past and current research on one of the most promising emerging modalities for breast cancer detection. Readers will discover how, as a standalone technology or in conjunction with another modality, microwave imaging has the potential to provide reliable, safe and comfortable breast exams at low cost. Current breast imaging modalities include X- ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Positron Emission Tomography. Each of these methods suffers from limitations, including poor sensitivity or specificity, high cost, patient discomfort, and exposure to potentially harmful ionising radiation. Microwave breast imaging is based on a contrast in the dielectric properties of breast tissue that exists at microwave frequencies. The book begins by considering the anatomy and dielectric properties of the breast, contrasting historical and recent studies. Next, radar-based breast imaging algorithms are discussed, encompassing both early-stage artefact removal, and data independent and adaptive beamforming algorithms. Similarly, microwave tomographic reconstruction algorithms are reviewed, introducing the reader to both the fundamental and more advanced algorithms. The book also reviews research efforts to extract clinically useful information from the radar target signature of breast tumours. Finally, the book concludes by describing the state of the art prototype microwave breast imaging systems, with a particular emphasis on those which have progressed to the clinical evaluation stage. This work is motivated by the fact that breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death amongst women in Europe and the US, and the second most common cancer in the world today. Such an important area of research will appeal to many scholars and practitioners.

Most books on imaging in sports medicine are concerned with the particular joints or anatomy involved in sports-related injuries. This book, however, takes a different perspective by looking at injuries that are associated with specific sports. All of the well-known major sports, such as football, tennis, and basketball, are included, as are many less common but still very popular sports, such as baseball, American football, and rugby. Because the popularity of different sports varies widely from country to country and region to region, this book should be especially useful to radiologists and physicians who are looking for information on injuries related to the sports that are popular where they practice or with which they are not familiar. Imaging plays an important role in every aspect of sport injuries: at diagnosis, follow-up, and return to action. It also plays a role in injury classification and hence helps to predict the time required for full recovery. The chapters on sports-specific injuries are preceded by two chapters on the perspective of clinicians and another two chapters on the general use of MR imaging and ultrasound in sports medicine. The authors of the book are world-renowned experts from five continents. Imaging in Sports-Specific Musculoskeletal Injuries should be of great interest to radiologists, sports medicine physicians, orthopedic surgeons, and rehabilitation physicians, and to anyone interested in the treatment of sports-related in juries.

This book collates the current knowledge in cardiovascular CT and presents this in a clinically relevant and practical format appropriate for all who use the modality. The field has experienced continued rapid evolution due to advances in technology, the expanded spectrum of cardiovascular applications and significant growth in published data. As increasing numbers have access to CT scanners, Cardiac CT Imaging: Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease, Third Edition provides all the relevant information on the use of this modality. This extensive revision of this well-respected textbook brings the reader up-to-date with the technique, with chapters supplied by an experienced set of contributing authors and representing the full spectrum of cardiac CT. It thus represents an essential purchase for those preparing for board examinations, all training to use this modality, and those already using cardiovascular CT on a day-to-day basis who want to stay current.

This book deals with neuroimaging of the brain, head, neck, and spine. During the last few years, there have been considerable advances in this subject, driven by clinical as well as technological developments. The authors, internationally renowned experts in their field, have contributed chapters that are disease-oriented and cover all relevant imaging modalities, including magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography. As a result, this book offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art in neuroimaging. It is particularly relevant for general radiologists, radiology residents, neurologists, neurosurgeons, and other clinicians wishing to update their knowledge in this discipline.

This book offers an up-to-date overview of childbirth-related pelvic floor dysfunction covering prevention, diagnosis, and management. It encompasses all relevant conditions, with particular focus on genital prolapse, urinary incontinence, and fecal incontinence. Risk factors for pelvic floor damage related to childbirth are identified, and a 3D simulation of delivery is presented. The role of various diagnostic tools, including pelvic floor ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging and anal sphincter electromyography, is clearly described. The importance of physiotherapy in preventing future alterations is explained, and the indications for surgery, which is reserved for more severe situations, are discussed. The book highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach involving obstetricians, gynecologists, urologists, midwives, radiologists, physiotherapists, muscle laboratory engineers, and computer technicians.

This first of two volumes provides and in-depth account of breast disease characteristics, imaging and diagnosis. Covering from breast anatomy and tumor biology to benign and malignant lesions this is an indispensable companion for breast specialists, medical oncologists, radiologists and pathologists. The book is organised in themed parts exploring topics such as epidemiology, risk factors, genetic biomarkers, pathological evaluation of tumors and biopsy techniques. With a high number of colored illustrations and edited by highly experienced clinicians, this work enables readers to gain an interdisciplinary perspective on breast diseases. Contributions from an international team of experts present invaluable insight into pathological and epidemiological aspects of breast disease. Covering both theoretical and practical aspects of breast cancer this is a highly informative and carefully presented book which will appeal to an international audience of breast cancer practitioners.

This book explains every aspect of the role of radiographers in performing CT colonography (CTC) and interpreting CTC images with the aim of enabling radiographers to extend the scope of their practice. It provides all the information required with respect to procurement of informed consent, principles of CT and radiation dose, patient preparation and positioning, the use of contrast media, the performance of diagnostic and screening CTC studies, and the interpretation and reporting of images. A wide range of CTC findings are described and depicted, covering normal anatomy, artifacts, hemorrhoids, polyps, colon cancer, diverticular disease, lipomas, and extracolonic structures. In addition, a chapter focusing on self-assessment of image interpretation will aid learning. The rising number of CTC studies for colon disorders is adding to an already burdened radiology workload. To reduce this workload, radiographers will increasingly be given responsibility to carry out CTC examinations and this book will provide the support that they need in order to perform CTC studies to the standard required.

This atlas of postmortem angiography provides a summary of techniques that have been developed and used in order to visualize the human vascular system. The indications, advantages, limitations, and pitfalls of the different techniques are explained in detail through the use of examples from real cases and a wealth of informative images, as well as knowledge from the latest scientific works. Helpful recommendations are made concerning interpretation of the obtained radiological images, which will allow readers to start their own work in the field of post-mortem angiography or to ease and improve their practice. The atlas has been edited and written by members of an international working group created in 2012, “Technical Working Group Post-mortem Angiography Methods” (TWGPAM), who for the first time summarize their experiences concerning this new approach. Since findings explaining the reasons for both natural and traumatic death are often hidden within the vascular system, post-mortem angiography is of the highest importance in elucidating cause of death and may represent the key to minimally invasive autopsy.

This book is intended as a practical manual on the use of intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) as a tool for imaging guidance during cranial and spinal neurosurgical procedures. Full account is taken of the emergence of novel clinical applications and recent technical advances, with extensive coverage of the impact of developments such as improved probe technology, fusion imaging and virtual navigation, 3D ultrasound imaging, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and elastosonography. Basic principles of ultrasound are elucidated in order to assist in the optimal use of IOUS and clear guidance is provided on the interpretation of imaging findings in various pathologies. Informative comparisons are also made of the use of techniques such as fusion imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound in general radiology and neurosurgery. The aim of the authors is to enhance the general knowledge regarding intra-operative ultrasound brain imaging, standardizing its use and exploring new techniques, leading in some way toward compensating the lack of specific training in the application of ultrasound among the neurosurgical community. IOUS is a sensitive tool that can improve surgical precision and help to reduce morbidity.

This book offers a unique and focused study of the use of ultrasound during the first trimester, a critical time in a fetus’ development. It includes basic examination guidelines as well as cutting-edge ultrasound modalities, including Doppler and three-dimensional ultrasound, for the period immediately preceding conception through early embryology. Beginning with a discussion of the safety and efficacy of diagnostic ultrasound and the use of this modality for the evaluation and treatment of infertility , recognized experts in the field explore conditions that may interfere with normal conception or development, including maternal diseases that would benefit from early scanning, elements of teratology, multiple gestations, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease, fetal anomalies, and invasive procedures in the first trimester. Numerous illustrations and figures are provided to serve as aids for understanding key concepts. First-Trimester Ultrasound is a valuable resource for many, in or after training, in obstetrics and gynecology, radiology, emergency medicine, family medicine and genetics.

This useful book examines the full spectrum of data available on uterine adenomyosis, covering early to modern literature. The authors look at the recent scientific advancements in the pathophysiology of this disease, giving the reader insight into its diagnosis before hysterectomy and its clinical impact on fertility. Uterine Adenomyosis is an in-depth resource guide for the practicing gynecologist, post-graduate researcher and any medical professional or scientist seeking to broaden their understanding of adenomyosis.

Vascular Neurology, Vascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology are independent fields with dedicated Training Programs. Neuroimaging, and in particular what we call "Neurovascular Imaging" is a unifying factor which can be considered the intersection of these three medical specialties. With this book we aim to cover thoroughly the imaging techniques, potentialities, and present and future applications as applied to all the vascular diseases of the central nervous system from the imaging point of view. This book will comprise eight main sections: (1) The Basics, (2) Arteries of the Head and Neck (3) The basics of Intracranial Arteries (4) Diseases of the vessels (5) Stroke Imaging (6) Veins Imaging (7) Spine Imaging (8) Pediatrics.

This classic text presents the basic concepts of positron emission tomography (PET). Topics include basic physics of PET imaging; scanning systems; data acquisition; storage and display; PET radionuclides and radiopharmaceuticals; regulatory policies for PET radiopharmaceuticals; reimbursement for PET procedures; and performance of PET studies. The Third Edition is thoroughly updated and includes information on magnetic resonance scanners; PET/MR imaging; new positron emitting radionuclides with potential for human use; new PET radiopharmaceuticals; FDA and NRC regulations for PET radiopharmaceuticals; and special topics of interest, such as SUV calculation in 18F-FDG tumor imaging. The book also includes equations, sample problems, and practice questions. Basics of PET Imaging, Third Edition, is an ideal resource for nuclear medicine physicians, residents, and technologists. .

Written by experts in the field of ophthalmology, this new text assists in understanding new imaging technology and the clinical information it can provide. It allows the reader to review numerous images of various pathologies and would be of interest to retina specialists and ophthalmologists. Retinal imaging has undergone dramatic changes in the last decade, characterized by constantly improving image resolution, most notably, as it applies to macular diseases, thanks to ever evolving optical coherence tomography. However, imaging retina outside of the vascular arcades has come a long way with advent of new cameras and lenses. The most profound change has been the introduction of wide-angle angiography, which has demonstrated pathologies previously not seen or suspected and gives rise to new theories of pathophysiology of some retinal diseases. Understanding this new imaging technology and the clinical information it can provide requires a basis of knowledge and experience in associating the findings with other clinical signs in the eye and the rest of the body. Atlas of Wide-Field Retinal Angiography and Imaging helps with this experience by allowing the reader to review numerous images of various pathologies and analyzes angiographic findings in the retinal periphery. Furthermore, as this technology increasingly fills ophthalmologists’ offices around the world, this book will prove to be an invaluable resource, written by experts in the field for retina specialists and ophthalmologists.

This atlas showcases cross-sectional anatomy for the proper interpretation of images generated from PET/MRI, PET/CT, and SPECT/CT applications. Hybrid imaging is at the forefront of nuclear and molecular imaging and enhances data acquisition for the purposes of diagnosis and treatment. Simultaneous evaluation of anatomic and metabolic information about normal and abnormal processes addresses complex clinical questions and raises the level of confidence of the scan interpretation. Extensively illustrated with high-resolution PET/MRI, PET/CT and SPECT/CT images, this atlas provides precise morphologic information for the whole body as well as for specific regions such as the head and neck, abdomen, and musculoskeletal system. Atlas and Anatomy of PET/MRI, PET/CT, AND SPECT/CT is a unique resource for physicians and residents in nuclear medicine, radiology, oncology, neurology, and cardiology. .

Strong roots in basic science and research enhance clinical practice. This book is a rich source of information for basic scientists and translational researchers who focus on musculoskeletal tissues and for orthopedic and trauma surgeons seeking relevant up-to-date information on molecular biology and the mechanics of musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. The book opens by discussing biomaterials and biomechanics, with detailed attention to the biologic response to implants and biomaterials and to the surface modification of implants, an important emerging research field. Finite element analysis, mechanical testing standards and gait analysis are covered. All these chapters are strongly connected to clinical applications. After a section on imaging techniques, musculoskeletal tissues and their functions are addressed, the coverage including, for example, stem cells, molecules important for growth and repair, regeneration of cartilage, tendons, ligaments, and peripheral nerves, and the genetic basis of orthopedic diseases. State-of-the-art applications such as platellet rich plasma were included. Imaging is a daily practice of scientists and medical doctors. Recent advancements in ultrasonography, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance, bone mineral density measurements using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and scintigraphy was covered following conventional radiography basics. Further extensive sections are devoted to pathology, oncogenesis and tumors, and pharmacology. Structure is always related with function. Surgical anatomy was therefore covered extensively in the last section. .

This book serves as a comprehensive guide for integrating point-of-care ultrasound into clinical care. It includes detailed chapters on the use of ultrasound in cardiology, dermatology, obstetrics and gynecology, and pediatrics, as well as for the assessment of the abdomen, musculoskeletal system, eyes, and thorax. Over the last decade, the use of diagnostic, point-of-care ultrasound at the bedside has been widely adopted by healthcare professionals in the United States. This technology has spread into many new areas of clinical medicine and more non-radiologists are seeking training and an up-to-date resource on use of the ultrasound machine. This book provides guidance on how to best approach patients with particular problems, practical guidelines on how to operate the machine and choose probes, descriptions and illustrations that depict the patient’s position and structures that are scanned, and the anatomy and pathophysiology of each area. Practical Point-of-Care Medical Ultrasound is a valuable addition to the library of any resident, fellow, physician, or other healthcare provider who uses ultrasound in a clinical setting.