70 results on '"Radioisotopes -- Health aspects"'
Search Results
2. Findings in the Area of Drug Research Reported from University of Bern (Sc-47 and Sc-46 Cross-section Measurement for an Optimized Sc-47 Production With an 18 Mev Medical Pet Cyclotron)
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Medical research ,Medicine, Experimental ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Nuclear medicine -- Research ,Radiotherapy -- Innovations ,Health - Abstract
2022 NOV 12 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week -- Current study results on Drug Research have been published. According to news [...]
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- 2022
3. Unknown quantity: regulating radionuclides in tap water
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency -- Powers and duties ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Drinking water -- Chemical properties -- Health aspects ,Environmental issues ,Health - Abstract
Radioactivity surrounds us; each day we are exposed to a certain amount by virtue of being alive on planet Earth. Some of this exposure comes from radioactive substances (radionuclides) that [...]
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- 2012
4. Investigators from Columbia University Release New Data on Radiation Research (Dose and Dose-rate Effects In a Mouse Model of Internal Exposure From Cs-137. Part 2: Integration of Gamma-h2ax and Gene Expression Biomarkers for Retrospective ...)
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Gene expression -- Physiological aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cesium -- Health aspects ,Biological markers -- Health aspects -- Genetic aspects ,Dose-response relationship (Biochemistry) -- Genetic aspects ,Health ,Science and technology - Abstract
2022 JAN 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Investigators publish new report on Radiation Research. According to news reporting originating from New York [...]
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- 2022
5. The development of the alpha-particle emitting radionuclides (super)212 Bi and (super)213 Bi, and their decay chain related radionuclides, for therapeutic applications
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Hassfjell, Sindre and Brechbiel, Martin W.
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Biochemistry -- Research ,Bismuth -- Physiological aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cancer cells -- Physiological aspects ,Chemistry - Abstract
Research has been conducted on the (super)212 Bi and (super)213 Bi radionuclides that target cancer cells. The chemistry and the experimental results relevant to the development of the therapeutiv use of these radionuclides are discussed.
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- 2001
6. Sensorimotor Reactivity of Children Living in a Radionuclide-Contaminated Zone
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Kienya, A. I. and Kirichenko, O. V.
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Children -- Research ,Perceptual-motor processes -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Byline: A. I. Kienya (1), O. V. Kirichenko (1) Abstract: Schoolchildren aged 8 to 13 years were examined in Gomel. The children's sensorimotor reaction to light and acoustic stimuli is characterized with regard for their age and sex on the basis of the latency of sensorimotor reactions (LSMR), which shortened significantly with age in children of either sex. This developed unevenly in the children examined, as may be seen from the quite broad ranges of the LSMR fluctuation in each age group. The boys had a stronger sensorimotor reaction to both light and acoustic stimuli than the girls. At the same time, both the boys and the girls reacted to the acoustic stimulus more actively than to the light stimulus. Author Affiliation: (1) Medical Institute, Gomel, Belarus Article History: Registration Date: 16/10/2004
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- 2001
7. Radionuclide therapy
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Coursey, Bert M. and Nath, Ravinder
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Physics - Abstract
The history of the use of radionuclides in therapy is reviewed and their current success in treating prostrate cancer and coronary artery disease are examined.
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- 2000
8. Radionuclides in the lichen-caribou-human food chain near uranium mining operations in northern Saskatchewan, Canada
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Thomas, Patricia A. and Gates, Thomas E.
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Uranium industry -- Environmental aspects ,Food chains (Ecology) -- Canada ,Lichens -- Research ,Caribou -- Research ,Cesium -- Environmental aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Saskatchewan -- Environmental aspects - Abstract
Uranium mining in northern Saskatchewan appears to pass radioisotopes into the food chain that involves lichen, caribou, and humans. Dose increments of .85 mSv per year for adults consuming 100g of caribou meat a day, which significantly increases cancer risk.
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- 1999
9. Cost savings of patients with a MACIS score lower than 6 when radioactive iodine is not given
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Pace-Asciak, Pia Z., Payne, Richard J., Eski, Spiro J., Walfish, Paul, Damani, Manzur, and Freeman, Jeremy L.
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Ontario -- Research ,Thyroid cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Economic aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Patient outcomes ,Metastasis -- Demographic aspects ,Metastasis -- Physiological aspects ,Thyroidectomy -- Care and treatment ,Health - Published
- 2007
10. An isotope-diagnostic approach to Erdheim-Chester's disease of the heart
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Palotas, Andras, Bogats, Gabor, Lazar, Mata, Papos, Miklos, Matin, Keyvan, and Pavics, Laszlo
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Histiocytosis -- Case studies ,Histiocytosis -- Diagnosis ,Heart diseases -- Case studies ,Heart diseases -- Diagnosis ,Radioisotopes -- Usage ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Musculoskeletal system -- Evaluation ,Health - Published
- 2006
11. Radioimmunotherapy with a 64Cu-labeled monoclonal antibody: a comparison with 67Cu
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Connett, Judith M., Anderson, Carolyn J., Guo, Li-Wu, Schwarz, Sally W., Zinn, Kurt R., Rogers, Buck E., Siegel, Barry A., Philpott, Gordon W., and Welch, Michael J.
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Monoclonal antibodies -- Usage ,Radioimmunotherapy -- Usage ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Science and technology - Abstract
67Cu ([t.sub.1/2] = 62 h) has demonstrated potential as a radionuclide for radioimmunotherapy, but limited availability severely restricts its widespread use. 64Cu ([t.sub.1/2] = 12.8 h) has been shown to have comparable effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. The present study was undertaken to examine the 'therapeutic potential of 64Cu- and 67Cu-bromoacetamidobenzyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-N,N[p rime],N[double prime],N[triple prime]-tetra-acetic acid (BAT)-2.iminothiolane (2IT)-1A3 (1A3 is a mouse anti-human colorectal cancer mAb) for treatment of GW39 human colon carcinoma carried in hamster thighs. Hamsters were injected with 64Cu- or 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 or Cu-labeled nonspecific IgG (MOPC) or saline. Hamsters were killed 6-7 months after therapy or when tumors were [greater than or equal to]10 g. Of the hamsters with small tumors (mean weight 0.43 [+ or -] 0.25 g), 87.5% were disease-free 7 months after treatment with 2 mCi (1 Ci = 37 GBq) of 64Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 or 0.4 mCi of 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3. The mean tumor doses at these activities of 64Cu- and 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 were 586 and 1269 rad (1 rad = 0.01 Gy), respectively. In contrast, 76% of hamsters treated with 2 mCi of 64Cu-BAT-2IT-MOPC or 0.4 mCi of 67Cu-BAT-2IT-MOPC had to be killed before 6 months because of tumor regrowth. When hamsters with larger tumors (mean weight 0.66 [+ or -] 0.11 g) were treated with 64Cu- or 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3, survival was extended compared with controls, but only one animal remained tumor-free to 6 months. These results demonstrate that 64Cu- and 67Cu-BAT-2IT-1A3 given in a single administered dose can eradicate small tumors without significant host toxicity, but additional strategies to deliver higher tumor doses will be needed for larger tumors.
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- 1996
12. Outcome after treatment of high-risk papillary and non-Hurthle-cell follicular thyroid carcinoma
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Taylor, Terry, Specker, Bonny, Robbins, Jacob, Sperling, Matthew, Ho, Mona, Ain, Kenneth, Bigos, S. Thomas, Brierley, Jim, Cooper, David, Haugen, Bryan, Hay, Ian, Hertzberg, Vicki, Klein, Irwin, Klein, Herbert, Ladenson, Paul, Nishiyama, Ronald, Ross, Douglas, Sherman, Steven, and Maxon, Harry R.
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Thyroid cancer -- Care and treatment ,Iodine -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Health - Abstract
Background: Treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer has been studied for many years, but the benefits of extensive initial thyroid surgery and the addition of radioiodine therapy or external radiation therapy remain controversial. Objective: To determine the relations among extent of surgery, radioiodine therapy, and external radiation therapy in the treatment of high-risk papillary and non-Hurthle-cell follicular thyroid carcinoma. Design: Analysis of data from a multicenter study. Setting: 14 institutions in the United States and Canada participating in the National Thyroid Cancer Treatment Cooperative Study Registry. Patients: 385 patients with high-risk thyroid cancer (303 with papillary carcinoma and 82 with follicular carcinoma). Measurements: Death, disease progression, and disease-free survival. Results: Total or near-total thyroidectomy was done in 85.3% of patients with papillary carcinoma and 71.3% of patients with follicular cancer. Overall surgical complication rate was 14.3%. Total or near-total thyroidectomy improved overall survival (risk ratio [RR], 0.37 [95% CI, 0.18 to 0.75]) but not cancer-specific mortality, progression, or disease-free survival in patients with papillary cancer. No effect of extent of surgery was seen in patients with follicular thyroid cancer. Postoperative iodine-131 was given to 85.4% of patients with papillary cancer and 79.3% of patients with follicular cancer. In patients with papillary cancer, radioiodine therapy was associated with improvement in cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.30 [CI, 0.09 to 0.93 by multivariate analysis only]) and progression (RR, 0.30 [CI, 0.13 to 0.72]). When tall-cell variants were excluded, the effect on outcome was not significant. After radioiodine therapy, patients with follicular thyroid cancer had improvement in overall mortality (RR, 0.17 [CI, 0.06 to 0.47]), cancer-specific mortality (RR, 0.12 [CI, 0.04 to 0.42]), progression (RR, 0.21 [CI, 0.08 to 0.56]), and disease-free survival (RR, 0.29 [CI, 0.08 to 1.01]). External radiation therapy to the neck was given to 18.5% of patients and was not associated with improved survival, lack of progression, or disease-free survival. Conclusions: This study supports improvement in overall and cancer-specific mortality among patients with papillary and follicular thyroid cancer after postoperative iodine-131 therapy. Radioiodine therapy was also associated with improvement in progression in patients with papillary cancer and improvement in progression and disease free survival in patients with follicular carcinoma., Thyroid gland removal and radioactive iodine therapy appear to be effective treatments for high-risk papillary and non-Hurthle-cell follicular thyroid carcinoma. Researchers compared the treatment outcomes of 385 thyroid cancer patients. Thyroidectomy was used in 71-83% of patients, which reduced the risk of death to 37% of the risk of death in those who did not have surgery. Radioiodine therapy was used in 79-85% of patients and was associated with greater survival and a substantial decrease in disease progression. External beam radiation did not improve survival or slow the progress of the disease.
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- 1998
13. Towards body-friendly cancer treatment
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Raloff, Janet
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Ionizing radiation -- Dosage and administration -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radiotherapy -- Innovations -- Health aspects ,Consumer news and advice ,Innovations ,Dosage and administration ,Health aspects - Abstract
I looked like a concentration camp survivor,' recalls Sue Spenceley, describing the day two years ago when she arrived at the Arlington (Texas) Cancer Center. Ravaged by both Hodgkin's disease [...]
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- 1997
14. Findings from Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in the Area of Science Described (Investigation of Natural Radionuclides In Drinking and Mineral Waters In Bulgaria and Related Dose Assessment)
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Drinking water -- Contamination -- Health aspects ,Health ,Science and technology - Abstract
2020 AUG 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Science Letter -- Investigators publish new report on Science. According to news reporting originating from Sofia, Bulgaria, by [...]
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- 2020
15. Healing power: low-level radiation in perspective
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Malkin, Michael Maglalang
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Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Radioisotopes in medical diagnosis -- Usage ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Published
- 1995
16. Effects of preconceptional irradiation on mortality and cancer incidence in the offspring of patients given injections of Thorotrast
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Andersson, Michael, Juel, Knud, Ishikawa, Yuichi, and Storm, Hans H.
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cancer in children -- Risk factors ,Children -- Patient outcomes ,Parents -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Background: Findings from a British case--control study suggest that a preconceptional paternal external radiation dose of more than 100 mSv (10 rem) is significantly related to risk for leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in offspring. The suggestion, however, has not been supported by experimental or other epidemiologic studies. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if preconceptional irradiation of males and females from internally deposited radionuclides affects mortality and risk of developing cancer in their offspring. Methods: The offspring of 260 females (n = 143) and 320 males (n = 226) who lived longer than 1 year after receiving Thorotrast (a compound no longer in use) for cerebral arteriography were studied for mortality rate and the risk for developing cancer. Thorotrast was used as a contrast medium containing a 20% colloidal solution of thorium dioxide-Th 232, an alpha particle-emitting radionuclide, which is retained lifelong in nearly all organs. The offspring of the exposed patients were identified by manual linkage with the municipal population registers and followed-up for vital status by computerized linkage with the Danish National Central Population Registry and for incidence of cancer by computerized linkage with the Danish National Cancer Registry. The standardized mortality/morbidity ratios (SMRs) for death and for site-specific incidence of cancer in the offspring were calculated as ratios of the observed rates in the study population to the expected rates in the general population. Results: After a median follow-up of 40 years, four cases of cancer (breast [one], uterine cervix [one], melanoma of skin [one], and retinoblastoma [one]) versus 2.9 cases expected, developed among 143 children born to mothers who received injections of Thorotrast (SMR = 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4-3.5), while six cases of cancer (one case each of cancer of lung, testis, thyroid, and Hodgkin's lymphoma and two cases of melanoma of skin), versus 4.5 expected, occurred among 226 children of exposed fathers (SMR = 1.3; 95% CI = 0.5-2.9). No case of leukemia or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurred in any of the offspring studied. Mortality was lower than expected both for children of exposed mothers (SMR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.3-1.5) and of exposed fathers (SMR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2-1.0). Conclusions: This study does not support the previously proposed association between parental exposure to radiation and the risk of childhood leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, since mortality from all causes was not increased in any offspring, our results do not support the belief that preconceptional parental low-dose exposure to alpha radiation increases the incidence of cancer or mortality in the offspring. [J Natl Cancer Inst 86:1866-1870, 1994!
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- 1994
17. In vitro cyanide release of four Prussian blue salts used for the treatment of cesium contaminated persons
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Verzijl, Jacques M., Joore, Hans C.A., Dijk, Aalt van, Wierckx, Frank C.J., Savelkoul, T. Jean F., and Glerum, Jan H.
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Salts -- Adverse and side effects ,Antidotes -- Adverse and side effects ,Cesium -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Environmental issues ,Health ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries - Abstract
Prussian blue salts are used in clinical practice as an antidote for the treatment of humans contaminated with radioactive cesium. A decomposition product of these Prussian blue salts may be the highly toxic cyanide. A method to simulate gastrointestinal cyanide-release was applied to four different Prussian blue salts: [K.sub.3]Fe[Fe[(CN).sub.6]], [Fe.sub.4][[Fe[(CN).sub.6]].sub.3], [NH.sub.4]Fe[Fe[(CN).sub.6]] (pur. and unpur.). Cyanide-release was higher in artificial gastric juice than in water and artificial intestinal juice. Under all conditions cyanide-release from [Fe.sub.4][[Fe[(CN).sub.6]].sub.3] was the lowest. Since [Fe.sub.4][[Fe[(CN).sub.6]].sub.3] also binds more cesium, it appears to be the most suitable Prussian blue salt for use as an antidote after radiocesium contamination in humans., INTRODUCTION After an exposure of humans to radioactive isotopes of cesium, Prussian blue (PB) was administered orally in high doses (10 g/d) for an extended period with a 30% reduction [...]
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- 1993
18. Case-control study of prostatic cancer in employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority
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Rooney, Cleone, Beral, Valerie, Maconochie, Noreen, Fraser, Patricia, and Davies, Graham
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Prostate cancer -- Risk factors ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Nuclear industry -- Health aspects ,Men -- Diseases -- Health aspects ,Health ,Diseases ,Risk factors ,Health aspects - Abstract
Abstract Objective--To investigate the relation between risk of prostatic cancer and occupational exposures, especially to radionuclides, in employees of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. Design--Case-control study of men with [...]
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- 1993
19. Chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinomas: a study of the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin
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Raoul, J.L., Heresbach, D., Bretagne, J.F., Ferrer, D. Bentue, Duvauferrier, R., Bourget, P., Messner, M., and Gosselin, M.
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Doxorubicin -- Physiological aspects ,Liver cancer ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Background. This study evaluated the effects of an association of ethiodized oil (Lipiodol Ultra Fluide, Laboratories Guerbet, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France), with or without gelatin sponge, with doxorubicin (Adriamycin, Adria Laboratories, Columbus, OH) on the biodistribution and kinetics of doxorubicin during intraarterial injection. Methods. Eighteen patients with hepatocellular carcinoma on cirrhotic liver received a therapeutic injection into the hepatic artery of 50 mg of doxorubicin alone (Group 1; n = 4), or emulsified in 10 ml of ethiodized oil and 2.5 ml of ioxaglate (Hexabrix, Laboratories Guerbet) with (Group 2; n = 7) or without (Group 3; n = 7) gelatin sponge embolization. Before treatment, the absence of intrahepatic shunts was verified by an injection of technetium-labeled albumin macroaggregates. The biodistribution of doxorubicin was studied on two fronts: (1) pharmacokinetic - by measurement of the doxorubicin blood level during the 48 hours after injection; and (2) scintigraphic (2 mg of doxorubicin were labeled with 2 mCi of iodine 131) - by examination of the scintigrams and calculation of the following parameters: tumorous liver/nontumorous liver binding ratio (T/NT ratio), liver/liver + lungs + abdomen binding ratio, and doxorubicin half-life in tumorous tissue. Results. Pharmacokinetics results showed the following: the peak plasma concentration was significantly higher in Group 1 as compared with Groups 2 or 3 (Group 1: 2.1 [+ or -] 0.9 mg/ml; Group 2: 0.9 [+ or -] 0.3 mg/ml; Group 3: 05 [+ or -] 0.2 mg/ml); the area under curve calculated from time zero to 1 hour was lower in Groups 2 and 3 compared with Group 1. Examination of the scintigrams showed the following: diffuse activity throughout the organism (Group 1), diffuse activity with strong hepatic and tumorous binding (Group 2), and mostly hepatic and tumoral binding (Group 3). The liver/liver + lungs + abdomen binding ratio was 28% [+ or -] in Group 1, 36% [+ or -] 5% in Group 2, and 63% [+ or -] 7% in Group 3. The T/NT ratios were 1.0 [+ or -] 0 (Group 1), 1.5 [+ or -] 0.1 (Group 2), and 4.7 [+ or -] 0.5 (Group 3). The doxorubicin half-lives in tumorous tissue were 0.7 [+ or -] 0.1 days (Group 1), 1.8 [+ or -] 0.2 days (Group 2), and 2.6 days (n = 1; Group 3). Conclusions. This study shows (1) that the association of ethiodized oil with doxorubicin lowers the peak concentration of doxorubicin and increases the intratumoral concentration and half-life of doxorubicin, and (2) that these kinetic ameliorations are even more pronounced after embolization. Therefore, from a kinetic standpoint, the doxorubicin-ethiodized oil-gelatin sponge association is the best. Cancer 1992; 70:585-590.
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- 1992
20. In vitro binding characteristics for cesium of two qualities of Prussian blue, activated charcoal and Resonium-A
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Verzijl, J.M., Joore, J.C.A., van Dijk, A., Glerum, J.H., Savelkoul, T.J.F., Sangster, B., and van het Schip, A.D.
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cooperative binding (Biochemistry) -- Research ,Cesium -- Isotopes ,Environmental issues ,Health ,Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries - Abstract
The in vitro binding characteristics of radioactive [Cs.sup.137] to two forms of Prussian blue {colloidally (soluble) K3Fe[Fe(CN)6] and insoluble Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3} and to activated charcoal and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Resonium-A) were investigated by constructing Langmuir isotherms at pH = 1.0, 6.5 and 7.5 at 37 [degrees]C. At the three pHs investigated, [Cs.sup.137] binding to activated charcoal and sodium polystyrene sulfonate was negligible. Binding of [Cs.sup.137] to insoluble Prussian blue exceeded that for the soluble form and was pH dependent for both formulations. Maximum binding capacities were 87 mg/g (pH = 1.0), 194 mg/g (pH - 6.5) and 238 mg/g (pH = 7.5) for the insoluble form and 48 (pH = 1.0), 73 (pH = 6.5) and 78 (pH = 7.5) for the soluble form. As activated charcoal did not bind [Cs.sup.137], charcoal hemoperfusion is of no value. This has been confirmed by an in vitro experiment, using a Gambro Adsorbs 300 C cartridge., INTRODUCTION The increasing use of radioactive sources all over the world for various purposes (medical, industrial and laboratory, fixed and mobile energy generation, nuclear weapons etc.) increases the chance of [...]
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- 1992
21. Radiotherapy: the closer the better
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Epperly, Michael W. and Bloomer, William D.
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Radiotherapy -- Analysis ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries ,Chemistry - Published
- 1991
22. Isolated incisional metastases after intraperitoneal radioactive chromic phosphate therapy for ovarian carcinoma
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Kohler, Matthew F., Soper, John T., Tucker, J. Allan, Jr., and Clarke-Pearson, Daniel L.
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Ovarian cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Phosphorus-32 (P-32) is a radioactive isotope of the common element phosphorus. This isotope emits beta particles, which have a very limited ability to penetrate living tissue. For many years, oncologists have put this characteristic to use in the prevention of metastases from ovarian cancer. The majority of metastatic tumors that develop from ovarian cancer occur in the peritoneal cavity. Radioactive chromic phosphate may be injected into the peritoneal cavity after the surgical removal of the cancerous tissue. The radiation from the solution affects only the innermost layer of tissue in the peritoneum, including any microscopic colonies of cancer cells that might be present. Since the beta particles do not penetrate tissue well, radiation exposure of the rest of the body is kept to a minimum. In this way, the exposure of the metastatic cells can be maximized while minimizing the adverse side effects of radiation. The technique is effective, and most patients who do develop metastases following this treatment do so outside the peritoneal cavity. The authors present two cases which illustrate an unusual form of cancer recurrence and demonstrate a limitation of intraperitoneal P-32 radiotherapy. One patient developed recurrent cancer in the wall of the abdomen, within the surgical scar. The other patient developed recurrent cancer in the healing tract through which a catheter had been inserted into the peritoneal cavity. In both cases, it is presumed that unseen cancer cells from the peritoneal cavity contaminated the surgical wounds. Clearly, live cancer cells are often present in the peritoneal cavity even in the absence of visible metastatic disease. However, the cancer cells in the peritoneum are destroyed by the P-32 radiotherapy, while the limited penetration of the beta particles prevents them from reaching the cancer cells inadvertently relocated to the abdomen wall. Such recurrences are rare, but they should not be overlooked as a possibility. Fortunately, early recognition of these recurrences apparently permits successful treatment; in both cases, the patients remain alive with no evidence of cancer after treatment for their unusual recurrences. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
23. Therapeutic aspects of radio-isotopes in hepatobiliary malignancy
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Novell, J.R., Hilson, A., and Hobbs, K.E.F.
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Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Gallbladder cancer ,Iodine -- Isotopes ,Liver cancer -- Care and treatment ,Health - Abstract
Although surgery is the best treatment for cancer of the liver, few patients actually benefit from surgery because the disease is so frequently diagnosed in the late stages. Additionally, patients who have both liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma have an even poorer prognosis; less than 25 percent of resections (removal of the cancerous tissue) are successful. (Hepatocellular carcinoma is a liver cancer that is often associated with cirrhosis.) Patients with this cancer may respond to cytotoxic (cell-killing) chemotherapy, but long-term survival rarely exceeds 25 percent at one year. Inoperable tumors have a poor outcome and can only be treated palliatively; that is, the goal of treatment is to make the patient comfortable. These treatments include embolization, liver devascularization, cryotherapy and alcohol injection. Radiotherapy has proved effective in treating many tumors; however, external beam radiation for liver cancer is dose-limited by the sensitivity of the normal liver tissue. When cirrhosis is present, the dose must be further reduced. Internal radiation using radio-isotopes can give more selective radiation to a particular area. Sealed radio-isotope sources (such as iridium-192, which has replaced radium) are implanted in the liver or biliary (gallbladder) area; they are dose-limited by their effects on surrounding tissue. Uncontrolled studies have shown a combination of stenting (placement of a material to support tissue) and iridium-192 therapy to be effective as palliative treatment of patients with biliary cancer. Unsealed sources (such as iodine-131 and yttrium-90) can be injected directly into the tumor, administered to the hepatic artery or given parenterally; they are dose-limited by their effect on bone-marrow (suppression). There is a risk of bone-marrow suppression with yttrium-90 because it is retained in bony tissue. Because iodine-131 causes local tumor death and its dose can be accurately measured, it remains the best isotope for radiotherapy treatment of hepatobiliary cancer. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
24. Iodine-125 interstitial implants as salvage therapy for recurrent gynecologic malignancies
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Sharma, Sudarshan K., Forgione, Hebe, and Isaacs, John H.
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Cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Iodine -- Isotopes ,Genital cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Brachytherapy is radiation therapy in which the radiation source is placed very close to the tumor, to both maximize the radiation exposure of the tumor and minimize the exposure of adjacent healthy tissue. One method for accomplishing this is the implantation of a small pellet which contains the radioactive isotope of iodine, iodine-125. The authors present the results of their experience with this gamma-ray-emitting isotope (in pellet form) in the treatment of 20 women with pelvic recurrences after treatment for gynecologic cancers. Two patients did not respond, three had a partial response, and for 15 patients, the local response was complete. In seven patients, however, there were serious complications. Six patients developed fistulas (abnormal passageways between normal cavities or from a cavity to another tissue), and one patient developed rectal fibrosis (formation of fibrous tissue); these reactions represent the response of healthy tissues to the high levels of irradiation. It should be emphasized, however, that for all of these patients, the implantation of the radioactive pellet was simply the most recent of a series of exposures to radiation therapy for their cancer. The complete responses lasted for a median of 26 months. Eight patients sustained their complete response in the pelvic area but succumbed to metastatic disease elsewhere in the body; two patients have metastatic disease with no signs of local recurrence. Five patients remain alive without evidence of disease. The results suggest that implanted radioactive pellets are effective in the treatment of recurrent gynecologic cancer. Since the procedure spares the patient the rigors of major surgery, it may be especially useful in elderly patients, patients for whom major surgery is not indicated, or patients who, for whatever reason, decline to have major surgery. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
25. Local reactions to radioiodine in the treatment of thyroid cancer
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Burmeister, Lynn A., du Cret, Rene P., and Mariash, Cary N.
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Thyroid cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiotherapy -- Complications ,Cancer invasiveness ,Health ,Health care industry - Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare the rate of local complications resulting from radioiodine ablation of thyroid cancer in patients with a residual intact thyroid lobe to that in patients who had more extensive surgical treatment prior to radioiodine administration. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 59 patients who had received 1311 between 1979 and 1989. The patients were divided into two groups, depending on the extent of their previous surgical thyroid excision. Group I comprised 10 patients with a lobectomy or hemithyroidectomy before the ablative radioiodine dose, and Group 2 comprised 49 patients with more extensive thyroid excision (near-total or subtotal thyroidectomy) before the radioiodine treatment. RESULTS: Sixty percent of the 10 patients in Group 1 experienced some degree of neck pain or tenderness following radioiodine ablation of their residual thyroid. In one case, the local reaction was very severe and accompanied by the development of transient hyperthyroidism. There was only a 6% local complication rate in the patients who had undergone more extensive thyroid excision before ablative therapy (p [is not greater than]0.001), and none had a severe reaction. CONCLUSIONS- Patients with only unilateral surgical excision before radioiodine therapy have a higher rate of local complications than do patients treated with more extensive surgery prior to radioiodine ablation. If radioiodine is to be employed in such patients, they should be informed of this possible complication. Since evidence supports a dose effect in the pathogenesis of the complications, we recommend using a dose of less than 30 mCi for the initial ablation in these patients even though it may be necessary to repeat this dose to complete thyroid ablation., Radioactive iodine, I-131, is used to treat hyperthyroidism, a condition associated with increased activity of the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer. Some rare adverse effects of I-131 treatment of hyperthyroidism include thyroiditis, or inflammation of the thyroid gland, and worsening of the hyperthyroidism. There are even fewer reports of complications associated with radioiodine treatment of thyroid cancer. The incidence of complications associated with I-131-induced elimination of thyroid cancer was assessed in 49 patients who had extensive surgery to remove the thyroid gland and 10 patients with residual intact thyroid tissue. Neck pain or tenderness developed after radioiodine treatment in 60 percent of patients with residual thyroid tissue, whereas only 6 percent of patients who underwent extensive surgery developed complications after radioiodine treatment. Patients who had undergone extensive surgery did not develop severe reactions. These findings reveal a higher incidence of complications in patients with residual thyroid tissue than in patients who undergo extensive surgery to remove the thyroid gland. Patients should be made aware of the potential complications of radioiodine treatment; a dose of less than 30 millicuries of I-131 is recommended. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1991
26. A prospective trial of postoperative vaginal radium/cesium for Grade 1-2 less than 50 percent myometrial invasion and pelvic radiation therapy for Grade 3 or deep myometrial invasion in surgical Stage I endometrial adenocarcinoma
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Piver, M. Steven and Hempling, Ronald E.
- Subjects
Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Endometrial cancer -- Prognosis ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Endometrial cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Health - Abstract
In the 1950s and 1960s, the recommended treatment for Stage I endometrial cancer was hysterectomy with the removal of the ovaries and the associated tissues as well (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy). It was observed that patient survival was strongly dependent on the histological appearance of the tumor. Patients with moderately differentiated tumors, such as Grades 1 and 2, tended to fare well, while patients with poorly differentiated tumors, such as Grade 3, tended to do poorly. A poor prognosis was also noted in patients with Stage I tumors that were observed to have an invasion of the underlying myometrium of greater than 50 percent. In the 1970s it became clear that the reason for this disparity was the greater likelihood of unsuspected metastases to the lymph nodes among patients with Grade 3 tumors. Stage I endometrial cancer patients with Grade 3 tumors or with more than 50 percent myometrial invasion now receive pelvic radiation in an attempt to improve the prognosis by eradicating any unobserved metastatic spread to the lymph nodes. In a prospective study of the efficacy of current methods of treatment of endometrial cancer, 133 patients with Stage I disease were treated. Ninety-two patients with Grade 1 or Grade 2 tumors and less than 50 percent myometrial invasion (called group 1 for purposes of this study) were treated with hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Postoperatively, a radioactive cylinder containing radium or radioactive cesium was placed in the vagina to provide a dose of 6,000 cGy to the vaginal surface (a Gy, or Gary, is 1 joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of tissue). Patients with Grade 3 tumors or greater than 50 percent myometrial invasion (group 2 patients) received the same surgery, followed by 5,000 cGy to the whole pelvis. Of the 92 patients falling into group 1, the five-year estimated disease-free survival was 99 percent. Five-year disease-free survival was estimated at 88 percent for the patients in group 2. Three of the four recurrences observed in group 2 occurred outside the pelvic area. Overall, the estimated five-year disease-free survival was 96 percent, and only one patient suffered a pelvic recurrence. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
27. Extended-field radiation therapy for carcinoma of the cervix
- Author
-
Podczaski, Edward, Stryker, John A., Kaminski, Paul, Ndubisi, Boniface, Larson, James, DeGeest, Koen, Sorosky, Joel, and Mortel, Rodrigue
- Subjects
Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cervical cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Health - Abstract
The survival of patients with cancer of the cervix, who were treated with a type of radiation therapy, was assessed. In these women, cervical cancer had spread to the lymph nodes in the abdominal and pelvic regions. Thirty-three patients underwent X-ray therapy called extended-field radiation. The overall survival rate was 37 percent at two years and 31 percent at five years. Survival was assessed in terms of patient age, clinical stage, the tissue microscopic features of the tumor, the development of enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal and pelvic regions, the presence of disease in the peritoneum (the membrane lining the abdominal cavity), and whether intracavitary brachytherapy (a type of radiation treatment) was used. Intracavitary brachytherapy involves the use of implants of radioactive materials, such as radium, cesium, iridium, or gold, at the site of the cancer. This form of treatment controlled cervical cancer and improved the survival of some patients. Among 33 patients, 22 patients died of cervical cancer and five survived without evidence of cancer. Four other patients died of other disorders. Two patients treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy developed complications of the bowel, and one patient died of enteritis (inflammation of the bowel) due to radiation treatment. These findings indicate that extended-field radiation does benefit some patients with cervical cancer, which has spread to lymph nodes in the abdominal and pelvic regions, and may also improve survival. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
28. Radiotherapy of retinoblastoma: a review of 63 children treated with different irradiation techniques
- Author
-
Amendola, Beatriz E., Lamm, Frank R., Markoe, Arnold M., Karlsson, Ulf L., Shields, Jerry, Shields, Carol L., Augsburger, James, Brady, Luther W., Woodleigh, Rex, and Miller, Charles
- Subjects
Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Retinoblastoma ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a tumor of the eye which occurs in infants and children. Radiotherapy is generally the treatment of choice, and in many cases some useful vision can be preserved. In a review of 63 children with retinoblastoma, who were treated between 1975 and 1988, various aspects of treatment and complications were analyzed. Three techniques of radiotherapy were used in these patients: episcleral plaque irradiation, external beam irradiation, and a combination of the two. In episcleral plaque irradiation, a plaque containing a radioactive isotope is applied to the appropriate area of the eye; isotopes used may be cobalt-60, iodine-125, iridium-192, and ruthenium-106. A primary advantage to the episcleral plaque method is that the radiation exposure of surrounding areas may be minimized. External beam irradiation is, of course, the commonest type of radiotherapy for most cancers, and differs only in the geometry of how the beam is applied to the tumor. Retinoblastoma is quite susceptible to radiotherapy, and most therapeutic protocols are designed to maximize exposure of the tumor while limiting the radiation dose to healthy tissues. Twenty-four patients with retinoblastoma were suitable for treatment with episcleral plaques only; all are alive and 22 of the 25 affected eyes are free of disease. Twelve patients, with 21 involved eyes, had 13 eyes which received only external beam irradiation. Disease progression necessitated the removal of three of these eye. The remaining 10 eyes showed no evidence of tumor, although 4 eyes developed cataracts, which were induced by the radiation. Patients receiving a combination of both treatment modalities generally had more advanced disease. Of 29 eyes, 14 required removal due to recurrent disease; 15 remain free of tumor. Nine of these eyes developed cataracts. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
29. Intraoperative Ir-192 implantation for early breast cancer: techniques and results
- Author
-
Mansfield, Carl M.
- Subjects
Breast cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiotherapy -- Methods ,Health - Abstract
For many years, radical mastectomy was virtually the only therapeutic choice available for treating breast cancer. Recently, however, a trend towards more conservative surgery and a greater likelihood of early diagnosis have combined to make other options available to the breast cancer patient. Conservative surgery generally relies on radiation to keep the cancer recurrence rate within acceptable limits. While this radiotherapy is generally externally applied, some investigators have directly implanted seeds of radioactive material directly into the affected region of the breast. The radioactive seed remains in place for 40 to 60 hours, giving the local area a prophylactic dose of radiation. Initial fears that the radiation would suppress the healing of the surgical wound (as well as any remaining cancer cells) have proven to be unjustified. In a review of 323 breast cancer patients with Stage I or Stage II breast cancer, the implantation of Ir-192, the radioactive isotope of iridium, has proven to be effective. It should be mentioned, however, that since most modern treatments for early-stage breast cancer have high survival rates, it is difficult to statistically demonstrate any actual superiority of the Ir-192 implantation. Six-year actuarial survival rates were 98 and 91 percent for stages I and II, respectively. Control of local recurrence of cancer was excellent after 6 years at 96 and 98 percent for stages I and II, respectively. The slightly higher percentage of local control observed in Stage II patients was not statistically significant. The technique was consistent with maintaining good cosmetic results for the patient; the cosmetic result was good or better in 95 percent of these cases. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
30. Selective postoperative radioactive iodine treatment of thyroid carcinoma
- Author
-
McHenry, Christopher, Jarosz, Harriet, Davis, Melva, Barbato, A.L., Lawrence, A.M., and Paloyan, E.
- Subjects
Thyroid cancer -- Care and treatment ,Iodine -- Isotopes ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Treatment of thyroid cancer is primarily surgical, usually consisting of thyroidectomy (removal of the thyroid gland) and dissection of the neck with removal of cervical lymph nodes. Also used are hormone replacement therapy, suppression of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and I-131 (radioactive iodine) scanning and treatment. A report is presented of 25 years' experience using I-131 scanning and treatment for thyroid cancer in 234 patients. There were three groups of patients studied prospectively: group 1, 21 patients with 3 percent or more uptake of I-131; group 2, 44 patients with less than 3 percent uptake; and group 3, 169 patients without evidence of cancer spread who were treated with only thyroid hormone. Initially, all patients had thyroidectomy and neck dissection. Tumor recurrence was found in four patients (three in group 1 and one in group 2); average follow-up for these groups was 8.9 and 8.4 years, respectively. Group three had an average follow-up of 7.2 years with no tumor recurrences. Groups 2 and 3 had no deaths; group 1 had a 5 percent mortality (one patient) from thyroid cancer. These results indicate that patients with thyroid cancer who do not have tumor extension or distant cancer spread can safely be treated with only surgery and thyroid hormone, and do not benefit from scanning and treatment with I-131. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1990
31. New Findings from Seoul National University in Life Science Research Provides New Insights (An Investigation Into Internal Exposure Management Needs for Nuclear Medicine Practitioners and Temporary Visitors Through I-131 Internal Dose ...)
- Subjects
General practitioners -- Practice -- Health aspects ,Radiation exposure -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Social science research ,Editors ,Health - Abstract
2019 MAR 15 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Researchers detail new data in Life Science Research. According to news reporting originating [...]
- Published
- 2019
32. Concentration of natural radionuclides (<SUP align=right>40</SUP>K <SUP align=right>228</SUP>Ra and <SUP align=right>226</SUP>Ra) in seafood and their dose to coastal adult inhabitants around Kudankulam, Gulf o
- Author
-
Khan, M. Feroz, Raj, Y. Lenin, Ross, E. Mahiban, and Wesley, S. Godwin
- Subjects
Fish as food -- Composition ,Fish as food -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiation, Background -- Research ,Radiation, Background -- Health aspects ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
Byline: M. Feroz Khan, Y. Lenin Raj, E. Mahiban Ross, S. Godwin Wesley The concentrations of naturally occurring radionuclides, such as 40K 228Ra and 226Ra, were determined in the edible fin fish and shellfish, consumed by most coastal inhabitants around Kudankulam. Fin fish and shellfish were collected from eight different sampling points within 30 km radius from the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Project site. The samples were processed and counted using HPGe γ-ray spectrometry. In fin fish, 40K activity ranged from 34.16 to 360.7 Bq kg−1 fresh, 228Ra ranged from Below Detectable Limit (BDL) ≤ 0.12 to 1.9 Bq kg−1 fresh and 226Ra ranged from BDL ≤ 0.06 to 0.18 Bq kg−1 fresh. In shellfish, 40K, 228Ra and 226Ra activities ranged from 15.6 to 96.6 Bq kg−1 fresh; from 0.61 to 6.61 Bq kg−1 fresh and from BDL ≤ 0.06 to 1.15 Bq kg−1 fresh, respectively. The total daily intake resulting from consumption of fin fish and shellfish was 63.15 Bq kg−1 d−1 for 40K, 0.54 Bq kg−1 d−1 for 228Ra and 0.096 Bq kg−1 d−1 for 226Ra. The annual dosage resulting from ingestion of natural radionuclides was 1.76 x 10−4 Sv yr−1 for fishermen, 2.51 x 10−5 Sv yr−1 for farmers and 2.01 x 10−5 Sv yr−1 for labourers. In general, 40K 228Ra and 226Ra contribute a total dose of 1.43 x 10−4 Sv yr−1, 5.61 x 10−5 Sv yr−1 and 2.35 x 10−5 Sv yr−1, respectively.
- Published
- 2007
33. Radionuclide content of human samples in the Ramsar area of Iran
- Author
-
Samavat, H., Azizian, Gh., Seaward, M.R.D., and Aghamiri, S.M.R.
- Subjects
Radiation, Background -- Health aspects ,Radiation, Background -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Research ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Petroleum, energy and mining industries - Abstract
Byline: H. Samavat, Gh. Azizian, M.R.D. Seaward, S.M.R. Aghamiri As part of a survey to determine public exposure to natural radiation and to estimate radionuclide levels in the diet and human tissues, the radionuclide content of different biological samples of residents in Ramsar, a high level background radiation area (HLBRA) in Iran, has been measured. The main route of 210Po and 210Pb intake in the human body is ingestion via foodstuffs. The absorption of 210Po into the blood from the digestive system was estimated to be 30-40%. The highest concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the body were accumulated in the skeleton and hair. The average 226Ra in ashed bone samples was 30.02 fci. A surprisingly high 210Po content was found in human hair, with levels of 0.182 P cig-1 and 0.161 P cig-1 in nine males and six females, respectively. The calculated annual radiation doses of 210Po in the bone, liver and kidneys was 2.5-4.5 mrad.a-1 and in other soft tissues 0.4-0.8 mrad.a-1. The mean concentration of 210Po in 100 ml of urine was 2.00 (0.86 SE) mBq and for control samples was 0.86 (0.03 SE) mBq. It is concluded that the 210Po concentration in residents is significantly elevated in proportion to background levels but so far there is no evidence of health problems arising from this.
- Published
- 2007
34. Genetic enhancement of radionuclide cancer therapy
- Author
-
Wheldon, T E, Mairs, R J, and Boyd, M
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radiotherapy -- Evaluation - Published
- 1999
35. Radionuclide therapy
- Author
-
Chatal, Jean-Francois and Hoefnagel, Cornelis A
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Radiotherapy - Published
- 1999
36. Shortages no more: fixing the isotope supply chain
- Author
-
Collier, Roger
- Subjects
Nuclear reactors -- Quality management ,Radioisotopes -- Supply and demand ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects - Abstract
When something as important as the world's medical isotope supply can be compromised by the closure of a single facility, people get worried. With another isotope shortage causing them grief, [...]
- Published
- 2009
37. Yttrium-90-labelled somatostatin-analogue for cancer treatment
- Author
-
Otte, A., Mueller-Brand, J., Dellas, S., Nitzsche, E.U., Herrmann, R., and Maecke, H.R.
- Subjects
Cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Metastasis -- Care and treatment - Published
- 1998
38. After Poisoning, Britain Sees No Big Public Threat
- Author
-
Cowell, Alan
- Subjects
Health Protection Agency ,Poisoning -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Public health -- Health aspects ,Polonium -- Health aspects - Abstract
The British authorities said Saturday that they did not expect a major threat to public health after the disclosure that a former Russian K.G.B. officer and enemy of the Kremlin […]
- Published
- 2006
39. After Poisoning, Britain Sees No Big Public Threat
- Author
-
Cowell, Alan
- Subjects
Health Protection Agency ,Poisoning -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Intelligence officers -- Death of -- Health aspects ,Public health -- Health aspects ,Polonium -- Health aspects - Abstract
The British authorities said Saturday that they did not expect a major threat to public health after the disclosure that a former K.G.B. officer and enemy of the Kremlin had […]
- Published
- 2006
40. Strontium and bone pain
- Subjects
Cancer pain -- Care and treatment ,Bone cancer -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Strontium -- Isotopes - Published
- 1990
41. Intraperitoneal P-32 after negative second-look laparotomy in ovarian carcinoma
- Author
-
Spencer, T. Rhett, Jr., Marks, Richard D., Jr., Fenn, Jimmy O., Jenrette, Joseph M., III, and Lutz, Myrton H.
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Ovarian cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Abdomen ,Health - Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of cancer mortality in women, accounting for about 11,000 deaths per year. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment, but some differences of opinion exist on the appropriate follow-up. The surgery is usually followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; some believe a second-look laparotomy, which is reopening the abdomen for examination after the six-to-eight-month regimen of chemotherapy. However, others feel that the lack of treatment alternatives for those with positive findings makes the second-look operation unnecessary. Negative findings on the second look do not indicate a cure as been achieved; 5.9 to 50 percent of patients with negative findings will experience recurrence. To determine if the addition of radioactive phosphorous 32 (P-32) to the peritoneal cavity on the second operation has beneficial effects, 31 patients with negative findings on second-look laparotomy were studied. The patients were not randomized, and the 17 patients who did not receive P-32 were from the earlier part of the study. Fourteen patients were given 15 millicuries of P-32 in the form of chromic phosphate. There have been no local recurrences among the 14 patients receiving P-32 with a minimal follow-up of two years and an average follow-up time of four years. Four of 17 patients who did not receive P-32 have experienced recurrence. Although these results seem to indicate that the treatment is effective in preventing recurrence, it should be emphasized that, although the results are marginal, they are not statistically significant (p=0.076). The results do indicate, however, that the intraperitoneal infusion of radioactive phosphorous is well-tolerated by the patients, and may be beneficial. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1989
42. I-125 interstitial implantation for prostate cancer: what have we learned 10 years later?
- Author
-
Kuban, Deborah A., El-Mahdi, Anas M., and Schellhammer, Paul F.
- Subjects
Radiotherapy -- Evaluation ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Prostate cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Health - Abstract
From 1975 to 1984, 123 patients in various stages of cancer of the prostate were treated using the implantation of a radioactive seed of iodine-125 (I-125) as an adjunct to surgery. A comparison of the 120 patients available for follow-up with 246 patients who were treated with radiation from an external beam revealed that the implantation of I-125 was ineffective. Local recurrence was noted in 29 percent of the implanted patients compared with recurrence in 17 percent of the externally irradiated men. However, it is worth noting that the recurrences tended to occur later in the I-125 group. In those who experienced recurrence, 83 percent of the implanted patients developed distant tumor spread, while only 18 percent of the externally irradiated patients developed distant metastases. The objective of the implantation of radioactive iodine seeds was to obtain a more precise placement of radiation and to preserve normal tissue. In all but the most differentiated and early stage cancers, the implantation treatment was less effective than external irradiation. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)
- Published
- 1989
43. The nuclides in town: does danger lurk in low-level radioactivity in sewage?
- Author
-
Marino, Gigi
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Sewage sludge -- Health aspects ,Science and technology ,Health aspects - Abstract
On a spring day in 1991, an airplane conducting an aerial investigation of a formerly contaminated site in Ohio for the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) found the unexpected. Its instruments [...]
- Published
- 1994
44. Radioiodine for hyperthyroidism: perhaps the best option
- Author
-
Franklyn, Jayne and Sheppard, Michael
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Iodine -- Isotopes ,Hyperthyroidism -- Care and treatment ,Health ,Care and treatment ,Health aspects - Abstract
Thyrotoxicosis is common, affecting an estimated 2.7% of women in Britain.[1] The antithyroid drugs carbimazole and propylthiouracil effectively control thyrotoxicosis in the short term, rapidly relieving symptoms and reducing plasma [...]
- Published
- 1992
45. Parliament's remarkable isotope fiasco
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Radioisotopes -- Supply and demand ,Radioisotopes -- Political aspects - Abstract
It is difficult to imagine how Parliament, when it resumes this week, could possibly top the level of spectacle that characterized its final week of pre-Christmas sittings. It featured the [...]
- Published
- 2008
46. Atwater in N.Y. hospital for new tumor therapy
- Author
-
Okie, Susan and Devroy, Ann
- Subjects
Republican National Committee -- Officials and employees ,Brain tumors -- Personalities ,Tumors -- Radiotherapy ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects - Published
- 1990
47. Strontium
- Author
-
Makhijani, Arjun
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Strontium -- Research ,Strontium -- History ,Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries ,Engineering and manufacturing industries - Abstract
This article describes the chemical properties, discovery, and research into strontium. The article also discusses the health risks of strontium-90, which is produced during atomic bomb production and detonation.
- Published
- 2003
48. CT-guided stereotactic injection of radionuclide in treatment of brain tumors
- Author
-
Tian Zeng-min
- Subjects
Brain tumors -- Care and treatment ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects - Published
- 1993
49. Nuclear waste yields tool for cancer treatment
- Subjects
Cancer -- Radiotherapy ,Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Business ,Health care industry - Abstract
For 40 years, scientists at the Hanford nuclear reservation made plutonium for bombs. Now they're helping fight disease with radioactive isotopes salvaged from the nuclear waste. 'We're taking things that [...]
- Published
- 1995
50. Bone pain and radionuclide imaging
- Author
-
Streek, Penny Vande, Carretta, Robert, and Weiland, Frederick L.
- Subjects
Radioisotopes -- Health aspects ,Bone cancer -- Drug therapy ,Metastasis -- Drug therapy ,Chemotherapy -- Health aspects ,Cancer -- Chemotherapy ,Pain -- Drug therapy ,Health ,Drug therapy ,Health aspects - Abstract
Therapy for bone pain associated with skeletal metastatic disease often presents as a challenging clinical problem. An important advance came with the recent United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) [...]
- Published
- 1994
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