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2. The regional pattern of age-related synaptic loss in the human brain differs from gray matter volume loss: in vivo PET measurement with [11C]UCB-J

Author

Toyonaga, Takuya, Khattar, Nikkita, Wu, Yanjun, Lu, Yihuan, Naganawa, Mika, Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, Matuskey, David, Mecca, Adam P., Pittman, Brian, Dias, Mark, Nabulsi, Nabeel B., Finnema, Sjoerd J., Chen, Ming-Kai, Arnsten, Amy, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Skosnik, Patrick D., D’Souza, Deepak Cyril, Esterlis, Irina, Huang, Yiyun, van Dyck, Christopher H., and Carson, Richard E.

Published
2024
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4. A leaky umbrella has little value: evidence clearly indicates the serotonin system is implicated in depression

Author

Jauhar, Sameer, Arnone, Danilo, Baldwin, David S., Bloomfield, Michael, Browning, Michael, Cleare, Anthony J., Corlett, Phillip, Deakin, J. F. William, Erritzoe, David, Fu, Cynthia, Fusar-Poli, Paolo, Goodwin, Guy M., Hayes, Joseph, Howard, Robert, Howes, Oliver D., Juruena, Mario F., Lam, Raymond W., Lawrie, Stephen M., McAllister-Williams, Hamish, Marwaha, Steven, Matuskey, David, McCutcheon, Robert A., Nutt, David J., Pariante, Carmine, Pillinger, Toby, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Rucker, James, Selvaraj, Sudhakar, Stokes, Paul, Upthegrove, Rachel, Yalin, Nefize, Yatham, Lakshmi, Young, Allan H., Zahn, Roland, and Cowen, Philip J.

Published
2023
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5. PET Biomarkers in Psychiatry

Author

Orhii, Paulette, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Selvaraj, Sudhakar, Teixeira, Antonio L., editor, Rocha, Natalia P., editor, and Berk, Michael, editor

Published
2023
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7. Illness Phase as a Key Assessment and Intervention Window for Psychosis

Author

D'Souza, Deepak, Srihari, Vinod, Gueorguieva, Ralitza, Patel, Prashant, Forselius-Bielen, Kimberlee, Lu, Jing, Butler, Audrey, Fram, Geena, Afriyie-Agyemang, Yvette, Selloni, Alexandria, Cadavid, Laura, Gomez-Luna, Sandra, Gupta, Aarti, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Rashid, Ali, Aker, Ryan, Abrahim, Philisha, Nia, Anahita Bassir, Surti, Toral, Kegeles, Lawrence S., Carlson, Marlene, Goldberg, Terry, Gangwisch, James, Benedict, Erinne, Govil, Preetika, Brazis, Stephanie, Mayer, Megan, Garrigue, Nathalie de la, Fallon, Natalka, Baumvoll, Topaz, Abeykoon, Sameera, Perlman, Greg, Bobchin, Kelly, Elliott, Mark, Schmidt, Lyndsay, Rush, Sage, Port, Allison, Heffernan, Zac, Laney, Nina, Kantor, Jenna, Hohing, Thomas, Kohler, Christian G., Wolf, Daniel H., Abi-Dargham, Anissa, Anticevic, Alan, Cho, Youngsun T., Fonteneau, Clara, Gil, Roberto, Girgis, Ragy R., Gray, David L., Grinband, Jack, Javitch, Jonathan A., Kantrowitz, Joshua T., Krystal, John H., Lieberman, Jeffrey A., Murray, John D., Ranganathan, Mohini, Santamauro, Nicole, Van Snellenberg, Jared X., Tamayo, Zailyn, Gur, Ruben C., Gur, Raquel E., and Calkins, Monica E.

Published
2023
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10. The association between cannabis use and facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia, siblings, and healthy controls: Results from the EUGEI study

Author

Fusar-Poli, Laura, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, van Os, Jim, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Pençe, Ayşegül Yay, Erzin, Gamze, Delespaul, Philippe, Kenis, Gunter, Luykx, Jurjen J, Lin, Bochao D, Akdede, Berna, Binbay, Tolga, Altınyazar, Vesile, Yalınçetin, Berna, Gümüş-Akay, Güvem, Cihan, Burçin, Soygür, Haldun, Ulaş, Halis, Cankurtaran, Eylem Şahin, Kaymak, Semra Ulusoy, Mihaljevic, Marina M, Andric-Petrovic, Sanja, Mirjanic, Tijana, Bernardo, Miguel, Mezquida, Gisela, Amoretti, Silvia, Bobes, Julio, Saiz, Pilar A, García-Portilla, Maria Paz, Sanjuan, Julio, Aguilar, Eduardo J, Santos, José Luis, Jiménez-López, Estela, Arrojo, Manuel, Carracedo, Angel, López, Gonzalo, González-Peñas, Javier, Parellada, Mara, Maric, Nadja P, Atbaşoğlu, Cem, Üçok, Alp, Alptekin, Köksal, Saka, Meram Can, Aguglia, Eugenio, Arango, Celso, Rutten, Bart PF, and Guloksuz, Sinan

Published
2022
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11. PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A

Author

Finnema, Sjoerd J., Li, Songye, Cai, Zhengxin, Naganawa, Mika, Chen, Ming-Kai, Matuskey, David, Nabulsi, Nabeel, Esterlis, Irina, Holmes, Sophie E., Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Toyonaga, Takuya, Huang, Yiyun, Carson, Richard E., Dierckx, Rudi A.J.O., editor, Otte, Andreas, editor, de Vries, Erik F.J., editor, van Waarde, Aren, editor, and Lammertsma, Adriaan A., editor

Published
2021
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12. Effects of Age and BMI on Histamine H3 Receptor Availability in Healthy Humans

Author

Yang, Yanghong, primary, Ibrahim, Waleed, additional, Gravel, Paul, additional, Pittman, Brian, additional, Hoye, Jocelyn, additional, Cool, Ryan, additional, Sadabad, Faranak Ebrahimian, additional, Pittenger, Christopher, additional, Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, additional, Carson, Richard E., additional, Huang, Henry, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, and Matuskey, David, additional

Published
2024
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13. 37. The Structural Connectome Constrains in Vivo Synaptic Density Loss in Schizophrenia

Author

Chopra, Sidhant, primary, Worhunsky, Patrick, additional, Naganawa, Mika, additional, Angarita, Gustavo, additional, Cosgrove, Kelly, additional, D'Souza, Deepak, additional, Matuskey, David, additional, Nabulsi, Nabeel, additional, Huang, Yiyun, additional, Carson, Richard E., additional, Esterlis, Irina, additional, Skosnik, Patrick D., additional, Holmes, Avram, additional, and Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional

Published
2024
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20. Enhancing Access to Situational Vocabulary by Leveraging Geographic Context

Author

Patel, Rupal and Radhakrishnan, Rajiv

Abstract

Users of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) aids could benefit from novel methods for accelerating access to contextually relevant vocabulary. This paper describes our initial efforts toward improving access to situational vocabulary through the use of geographic context to predict vocabulary. A corpus of spoken data produced by one able-bodied male speaker across various locations was collected and used to mine location-specific vocabulary clusters. We describe the data mining algorithm and illustrate how context-driven vocabulary organization and prediction can be integrated into an iconic communication system. Correlations between user and algorithm-generated vocabulary patterns highlight discrepancies between actual versus perceived frequency statistics. Thus, device customization may be achieved through a hybrid human-algorithmic approach to vocabulary selection. Endowing the communication aid with knowledge about the user's location-specific vocabulary patterns may help to balance the burden of communication between the system and the user to yield substantial gains in accessing situationally appropriate vocabulary which may in turn accelerate communication rate. (Contains 3 figures and 4 tables.)

Published
2007

21. Efficacy and safety of a fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor (PF-04457845) in the treatment of cannabis withdrawal and dependence in men: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, phase 2a single-site randomised controlled trial

Author

D'Souza, Deepak Cyril, Cortes-Briones, Jose, Creatura, Gina, Bluez, Grai, Thurnauer, Halle, Deaso, Emma, Bielen, Kim, Surti, Toral, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Gupta, Aarti, Gupta, Swapnil, Cahill, John, Sherif, Mohamed A, Makriyannis, Alexandros, Morgan, Peter T, Ranganathan, Mohini, and Skosnik, Patrick D

Published
2019
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22. Comparison of Semantic versus Syntactic Message Formulation: A Pilot Study

Author

Patel, Rupal, Schooley, Katherine, and Radhakrishnan, Rajiv

Abstract

Two prototype voice output communication aids were implemented to compare methods of graphic symbol message formulation; one emulated current devices that require syntactical ordering of icons (Default) and the other used semantic frames (iconCHAT). Message constructions of eight typically developing children (7-10 years of age) using both prototypes were compared in terms of accuracy, speed, complexity, and preference. Although there were slight differences in speed, all participants formulated equally complex and grammatically accurate sentences using both prototypes. These findings demonstrate that semantic frame-based message formulation may be a viable alternative to conventional methods based on syntax. Future research to assess whether these findings extend to children who use AAC is warranted. Outcomes and benefits of semantic composition are particularly relevant for children with emerging grammatical skills since semantic schemas provide scaffolding for constructing complete utterances that may in turn foster increased self-confidence and improved perceptions of communicative competence. (Contains 2 tables and 5 figures.)

Published
2006

24. The regional pattern of age-related synaptic loss in the human brain differs from gray matter volume loss: in vivo PET measurement with [11C]UCB-J

Author

Toyonaga, Takuya, primary, Khattar, Nikkita, additional, Wu, Yanjun, additional, Lu, Yihuan, additional, Naganawa, Mika, additional, Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, additional, Matuskey, David, additional, Mecca, Adam P., additional, Pittman, Brian, additional, Dias, Mark, additional, Nabulsi, Nabeel B., additional, Finnema, Sjoerd J., additional, Chen, Ming-Kai, additional, Arnsten, Amy, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Skosnik, Patrick D., additional, D’Souza, Deepak Cyril, additional, Esterlis, Irina, additional, Huang, Yiyun, additional, van Dyck, Christopher H., additional, and Carson, Richard E., additional

Published
2023
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25. PET Imaging of Synaptic Vesicle Protein 2A

Author

Finnema, Sjoerd J., primary, Li, Songye, additional, Cai, Zhengxin, additional, Naganawa, Mika, additional, Chen, Ming-Kai, additional, Matuskey, David, additional, Nabulsi, Nabeel, additional, Esterlis, Irina, additional, Holmes, Sophie E., additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Toyonaga, Takuya, additional, Huang, Yiyun, additional, and Carson, Richard E., additional

Published
2020
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31. The regional pattern of age-related synaptic loss in the human brain differs from gray matter volume loss: in vivo PET measurement with [11C]UCB-J.

Author

Toyonaga, Takuya, Khattar, Nikkita, Wu, Yanjun, Lu, Yihuan, Naganawa, Mika, Gallezot, Jean-Dominique, Matuskey, David, Mecca, Adam P., Pittman, Brian, Dias, Mark, Nabulsi, Nabeel B., Finnema, Sjoerd J., Chen, Ming-Kai, Arnsten, Amy, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Skosnik, Patrick D., D'Souza, Deepak Cyril, Esterlis, Irina, Huang, Yiyun, and van Dyck, Christopher H.

Subjects
VOXEL-based morphometry, GRAY matter (Nerve tissue), POSITRON emission tomography, NEURAL circuitry, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, SYNAPTIC vesicles, NERVE endings
Abstract

Purpose: Aging is a major societal concern due to age-related functional losses. Synapses are crucial components of neural circuits, and synaptic density could be a sensitive biomarker to evaluate brain function. [11C]UCB-J is a positron emission tomography (PET) ligand targeting synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), which can be used to evaluate brain synaptic density in vivo. Methods: We evaluated age-related changes in gray matter synaptic density, volume, and blood flow using [11C]UCB-J PET and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a wide age range of 80 cognitive normal subjects (21–83 years old). Partial volume correction was applied to the PET data. Results: Significant age-related decreases were found in 13, two, and nine brain regions for volume, synaptic density, and blood flow, respectively. The prefrontal cortex showed the largest volume decline (4.9% reduction per decade: RPD), while the synaptic density loss was largest in the caudate (3.6% RPD) and medial occipital cortex (3.4% RPD). The reductions in caudate are consistent with previous SV2A PET studies and likely reflect that caudate is the site of nerve terminals for multiple major tracts that undergo substantial age-related neurodegeneration. There was a non-significant negative relationship between volume and synaptic density reductions in 16 gray matter regions. Conclusion: MRI and [11]C-UCB-J PET showed age-related decreases of gray matter volume, synaptic density, and blood flow; however, the regional patterns of the reductions in volume and SV2A binding were different. Those patterns suggest that MR-based measures of GM volume may not be directly representative of synaptic density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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33. Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis

Author

Hersenen-Medisch 1, Brain, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, Erzin, Gamze, Ten Have, Margreet, de Graaf, Ron, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, Gunther, Nicole, Bak, Maarten, Rutten, Bart P F, van Os, Jim, Guloksuz, Sinan, Hersenen-Medisch 1, Brain, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, Erzin, Gamze, Ten Have, Margreet, de Graaf, Ron, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, Gunther, Nicole, Bak, Maarten, Rutten, Bart P F, van Os, Jim, and Guloksuz, Sinan

Published
2023

38. Introduction

Author

Chadi, Nicholas, primary, Levy, Sharon, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Ranganathan, Mohini, additional, and Weiner, Aaron S. B., additional

Published
2018
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39. Contributors

Author

Abbott, Jeff K., primary, Atkinson, David L., additional, Bosanac, Peter, additional, Broussard, Beth, additional, Cahill, John D., additional, Castle, David J., additional, Cedeño, Angelo B., additional, Compton, Michael T., additional, Compton, Wilson M., additional, Cortes-Briones, Jose, additional, Deiana, Serena, additional, D'Souza, Deepak C., additional, Duccio, Papanti, additional, Eden Evins, Anne, additional, Fabrizio, Schifano, additional, Fresán, Ana, additional, Gilman, Jodi M., additional, Gupta, Swapnil, additional, Han, Beth, additional, Laura, Orsolini, additional, Lusicic, Ana, additional, Manseau, Marc W., additional, McGorry, Patrick, additional, McHugh, Meredith, additional, Nelson, Barnaby, additional, O'Donoghue, Brian, additional, Pauselli, Luca, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Ramsay Wan, Claire, additional, Robles-García, Rebeca, additional, Sherif, Mohamed, additional, Sobolewski, Sara M., additional, Solowij, Nadia, additional, Tovilla-Zarate, Carlos-Alfonso, additional, and Zamberletti, Erica, additional

Published
2018
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41. Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Singh, Harvinder, additional, Kang, Miyun, additional, de Asis, Sarah, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Tampi, Rajesh R., additional, Sharma, Esha, additional, Manikkara, Geetha, additional, Balachandran, Silpa, additional, Kolli, Mahitha, additional, and Cherlopalle, Suneela, additional

Published
2017
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42. Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis.

Author

Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, Erzin, Gamze, ten Have, Margreet, de Graaf, Ron, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, Gunther, Nicole, Bak, Maarten, Rutten, Bart P. F., van Os, Jim, and Guloksuz, Sinan

Subjects
*CANNABIS (Genus), *PSYCHOSES, *MULTIPLE regression analysis, *MENTAL depression, *FACTOR analysis, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *RESEARCH funding, *ANXIETY, *DATA analysis software, *LONGITUDINAL method
Abstract

Background: Empirical evidence suggests that people use cannabis to ameliorate anxiety and depressive symptoms, yet cannabis also acutely worsens psychosis and affective symptoms. However, the temporal relationship between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms and psychotic experiences (PE) in longitudinal studies is unclear. This may be informed by examination of mutually mediating roles of cannabis, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the emergence of PE. Methods: Data were derived from the second longitudinal Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study. Mediation analysis was performed to examine the relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE, using KHB logit in STATA while adjusting for age, sex and education status. Results: Cannabis use was found to mediate the relationship between preceding anxiety, depressive symptoms and later PE incidence, but the indirect contribution of cannabis use was small (for anxiety: % of total effect attributable to cannabis use = 1.00%; for depression: % of total effect attributable to cannabis use = 1.4%). Interestingly, anxiety and depressive symptoms were found to mediate the relationship between preceding cannabis use and later PE incidence to a greater degree (% of total effect attributable to anxiety = 17%; % of total effect attributable to depression = 37%). Conclusion: This first longitudinal cohort study examining the mediational relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE, shows that there is a bidirectional relationship between cannabis use, anxiety/depressive symptoms and PE. However, the contribution of anxiety/depressive symptoms as a mediator was greater than that of cannabis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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44. Bidirectional relationships between cannabis use, anxiety and depressive symptoms in the mediation of the association with psychotic experience: further support for an affective pathway to psychosis

Author

Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, primary, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, additional, Erzin, Gamze, additional, ten Have, Margreet, additional, de Graaf, Ron, additional, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, additional, Gunther, Nicole, additional, Bak, Maarten, additional, Rutten, Bart P. F., additional, van Os, Jim, additional, and Guloksuz, Sinan, additional

Published
2022
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47. Letters.

Author

Turead, Dwight, Baxter, Dave, Roujon, Tiphaine, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Cray, Jon, Payne, David, Tatnall, David, Tait, Michael, Barnett, Joseph, Rimmer, David, Adams, David, Briggs, Paddy, Bone, Les, Whitlock, David, Neal, Dominic, Maclay, Ian, Brewster, Mark, Dinnis, John, and Northcote-Green, Simon

Subjects
WORLD championships, WEATHER, CRICKET (Sport), VIPERIDAE, DISILLUSIONMENT
Published
2024

48. Illness Phase as a Key Assessment and Intervention Window for Psychosis

Author

Kohler, Christian G., primary, Wolf, Daniel H., additional, Abi-Dargham, Anissa, additional, Anticevic, Alan, additional, Cho, Youngsun T., additional, Fonteneau, Clara, additional, Gil, Roberto, additional, Girgis, Ragy R., additional, Gray, David L., additional, Grinband, Jack, additional, Javitch, Jonathan A., additional, Kantrowitz, Joshua T., additional, Krystal, John H., additional, Lieberman, Jeffrey A., additional, Murray, John D., additional, Ranganathan, Mohini, additional, Santamauro, Nicole, additional, Van Snellenberg, Jared X., additional, Tamayo, Zailyn, additional, Gur, Ruben C., additional, Gur, Raquel E., additional, Calkins, Monica E., additional, D'Souza, Deepak, additional, Srihari, Vinod, additional, Gueorguieva, Ralitza, additional, Patel, Prashant, additional, Forselius-Bielen, Kimberlee, additional, Lu, Jing, additional, Butler, Audrey, additional, Fram, Geena, additional, Afriyie-Agyemang, Yvette, additional, Selloni, Alexandria, additional, Cadavid, Laura, additional, Gomez-Luna, Sandra, additional, Gupta, Aarti, additional, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, additional, Rashid, Ali, additional, Aker, Ryan, additional, Abrahim, Philisha, additional, Nia, Anahita Bassir, additional, Surti, Toral, additional, Kegeles, Lawrence S., additional, Carlson, Marlene, additional, Goldberg, Terry, additional, Gangwisch, James, additional, Benedict, Erinne, additional, Govil, Preetika, additional, Brazis, Stephanie, additional, Mayer, Megan, additional, Garrigue, Nathalie de la, additional, Fallon, Natalka, additional, Baumvoll, Topaz, additional, Abeykoon, Sameera, additional, Perlman, Greg, additional, Bobchin, Kelly, additional, Elliott, Mark, additional, Schmidt, Lyndsay, additional, Rush, Sage, additional, Port, Allison, additional, Heffernan, Zac, additional, Laney, Nina, additional, Kantor, Jenna, additional, and Hohing, Thomas, additional

Published
2022
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49. P520. Mediation Analysis of the Relationship Between Cannabis Use, Affective Symptoms and the Association With Psychosis: Further Support for an Affective Pathway to Psychosis

Author

Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, primary, Pries, Lotta-Katrin, additional, Erzin, Gamze, additional, Ten-Have, Margreet, additional, de Graaf, Ron, additional, van Dorsselaer, Saskia, additional, Bak, Maarten, additional, Rutten, Bart, additional, van Os, Jim, additional, and Guloksuz, Sinan, additional

Published
2022
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50. Illness Phase as a Key Assessment and Intervention Window for Psychosis

Author

Kohler, Christian G., Wolf, Daniel H., Abi-Dargham, Anissa, Anticevic, Alan, Cho, Youngsun T., Fonteneau, Clara, Gil, Roberto, Girgis, Ragy R., Gray, David L., Grinband, Jack, Javitch, Jonathan A., Kantrowitz, Joshua T., Krystal, John H., Lieberman, Jeffrey A., Murray, John D., Ranganathan, Mohini, Santamauro, Nicole, Van Snellenberg, Jared X., Tamayo, Zailyn, D'Souza, Deepak, Srihari, Vinod, Gueorguieva, Ralitza, Patel, Prashant, Forselius-Bielen, Kimberlee, Lu, Jing, Butler, Audrey, Fram, Geena, Afriyie-Agyemang, Yvette, Selloni, Alexandria, Cadavid, Laura, Gomez-Luna, Sandra, Gupta, Aarti, Radhakrishnan, Rajiv, Rashid, Ali, Aker, Ryan, Abrahim, Philisha, Nia, Anahita Bassir, Surti, Toral, Kegeles, Lawrence S., Carlson, Marlene, Goldberg, Terry, Gangwisch, James, Benedict, Erinne, Govil, Preetika, Brazis, Stephanie, Mayer, Megan, Garrigue, Nathalie de la, Fallon, Natalka, Baumvoll, Topaz, Abeykoon, Sameera, Perlman, Greg, Bobchin, Kelly, Elliott, Mark, Schmidt, Lyndsay, Rush, Sage, Port, Allison, Heffernan, Zac, Laney, Nina, Kantor, Jenna, Hohing, Thomas, Gur, Ruben C., Gur, Raquel E., and Calkins, Monica E.

Abstract

The phenotype of schizophrenia, regardless of etiology, represents the most studied psychotic disorder with respect to neurobiology and distinct phases of illness. The early phase of illness represents a unique opportunity to provide effective and individualized interventions that can alter illness trajectories. Developmental age and illness stage, including temporal variation in neurobiology, can be targeted to develop phase-specific clinical assessment, biomarkers, and interventions. We review an earlier model whereby an initial glutamate signaling deficit progresses through different phases of allostatic adaptation, moving from potentially reversible functional abnormalities associated with early psychosis and working memory dysfunction, and ending with difficult-to-reverse structural changes after chronic illness. We integrate this model with evidence of dopaminergic abnormalities, including cortical D1dysfunction, which develop during adolescence. We discuss how this model and a focus on a potential critical window of intervention in the early stages of schizophrenia impact the approach to research design and clinical care. This impact includes stage-specific considerations for symptom assessment as well as genetic, cognitive, and neurophysiological biomarkers. We examine how phase-specific biomarkers of illness phase and brain development can be incorporated into current strategies for large-scale research and clinical programs implementing coordinated specialty care. We highlight working memory and D1dysfunction as early treatment targets that can substantially affect functional outcome.

Published
2023
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