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Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardised framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is, in fact, much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies.

This contribution deals with the genus Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Paederinae) in Indonesia with a focus on the fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Jawa Barat. Nineteen new species are described: Scopaeus anuliflagellatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. batukaruensis Frisch, spec. nov., S. bipectenatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. bipennicillatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. crassipunctatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. cuspidatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. cuspilobatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. diversilobatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. grandis Frisch, spec. nov., S. halimunsalakensis Frisch, spec. nov., S. heronifer Frisch, spec. nov., S. posoanus Frisch, spec. nov., S. pulcher Frisch, spec. nov., S. riedeli Frisch, spec. nov., S. spiraliflagellatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. sulawesianus Frisch, spec. nov., S. tortuosiflagellatus Frisch, spec. nov., S. uncinatus Frisch, spec. nov. and S. velifer Frisch, spec. nov.. Based on type revisions, S. borneensis Cameron, 1941, S. elegantulus Cameron, 1930, S. jacobsoni Cameron, 1930, S. javanus Cameron, 1936, S. mixtus Cameron, 1941 and S. niger Cameron, 1918 are redescribed. Lectotypes are designated for S. javanus and S. niger. New distribution data from Indonesia are presented for S. filiformis Wollaston, 1867, S. limbatus Kraatz, 1859, S. nitidulus Motschulsky, 1858, S. sundaensis Frisch, 2005, S. testaceus Motschulsky, 1858, S. unifasciatus Fauvel, 1889 and S. wunderlei Frisch, 2003. Scopaeus dilutus Motschulsky, 1858, S. fusculus Motschulsky, 1858, S. micros Kraatz, 1859, S. procerus Kraatz, 1859, S. subfasciatus Kraatz, 1859 and S. velutinus Motschulsky, 1858 are excluded from the fauna of Indonesia owing to unproven records or misidentification. A catalogue of the Scopaeus species of Indonesia including their known distribution at the province level is given.

Arthropods account for a large proportion of animal biomass and diversity in terrestrial systems, making them crucial organisms in our environments. However, still too little is known about the highly abundant and megadiverse groups that often make up the bulk of collected samples, especially in the tropics. With molecular identification techniques ever more evolving, analysis of arthropod communities has accelerated. In our study, which was conducted within the Global Malaise trap Program (GMP) framework, we operated two closely placed Malaise traps in Padang, Sumatra, for three months. We analyzed the samples by DNA barcoding and sequenced a total of more than 70,000 insect specimens. For sequence clustering, we applied three different delimitation techniques, namely RESL, ASAP, and SpeciesIdentifier, which gave similar results. Despite our (very) limited sampling in time and space, our efforts recovered more than 10,000 BINs, of which the majority are associated with "dark taxa". Further analysis indicates a drastic undersampling of both sampling sites, meaning that the true arthropod diversity at our sampling sites is even higher. Regardless of the close proximity of both Malaise traps (< 360 m), we discovered significantly distinct communities.

Here we present 28 new species of Trigonopterus from Central Sulawesi, mostly from Mt Dako and Mt Pompangeo: Trigonopterus acutus sp. nov., T. ancora sp. nov., T. arcanus sp. nov., T. corona sp. nov., T. dakoensis sp. nov., T. daun sp. nov., T. ewok sp. nov., T. gundala sp. nov., T. hoppla sp. nov., T. kakimerah sp. nov., T. katopasensis sp. nov., T. matakensis sp. nov., T. moduai sp. nov., T. mons sp. nov., T. paramoduai sp. nov. T. pomberimbensis sp. nov., T. pompangeensis sp. nov., T. puspoi sp. nov., T. rosichoni sp. nov., T. rubidus sp. nov., T. sarinoi sp. nov., T. sutrisnoi sp. nov., T. tanah sp. nov., T. tejokusumoi sp. nov., T. toboliensis sp. nov., T. tolitoliensis sp. nov., T. tounaensis sp. nov., T. unyil sp. nov. This fills important areas of distribution and brings the number of Trigonopterus species recorded from Sulawesi to 132.

Based on recent fieldwork, the hyperdiverse weevil genus Trigonopterus Fauvel is recorded for the first time from the Indonesian Tanimbar Archipelago, halfway between Australia and Western New Guinea. All seven species discovered on Tanimbar are new to science, and described here: Trigonopterus atuf sp. nov., T. kumbang sp. nov., T. laratensis sp. nov., T. porg sp. nov., T. selaruensis sp. nov., T. tanimbarensis sp. nov., and T. triradiatus sp. nov. The new species are authored by the taxonomists-in-charge, Raden Pramesa Narakusumo and Alexander Riedel. This fauna appears discordant and established by relatively recent dispersal from New Guinea and other Moluccan islands.

The genus Trigonopterus Fauvel, 1862 is highly diverse in Melanesia, the Moluccas, and the Sunda Islands. Only one species, Trigonopterus fulvicornis (Pascoe, 1885) was so far recorded from Sulawesi. Based on focused field-work the fauna from Sulawesi and nearby islands is here revised. We redescribe T. allotopus Riedel newly recorded for Sulawesi and describe an additional 103 new species: T. abnormis sp. n., T. adspersus sp. n., T. ambangensis sp. n., T. ampanensis sp. n., T. analis sp. n., T. arachnobas sp. n., T. armipes sp. n., T. artemis sp. n., T. asterix sp. n., T. barbipes sp. n., T. bonthainensis sp. n., T. carinirostris sp. n., T. castaneipennis sp. n., T. celebensis sp. n., T. cirripes sp. n., T. collaris sp. n., T. costatulus sp. n., T. curvipes sp. n., T. crenulatus sp. n., T. cricki sp. n., T. darwini sp. n., T. ejaculatorius sp. n., T. fuscipes sp. n., T. gracilipes sp. n., T. heberti sp. n., T. hirsutus sp. n., T. humilis sp. n., T. hypocrita sp. n., T. idefix sp. n., T. impressicollis sp. n., T. incendium sp. n., T. incognitus sp. n., T. indigenus sp. n., T. inhonestus sp. n., T. invalidus sp. n., T. jasminae sp. n., T. klabatensis sp. n., T. kolakensis sp. n., T. kotamobagensis sp. n., T. laevigatus sp. n., T. lampros sp. n., T. latipennis sp. n., T. lompobattangensis sp. n., T. luwukensis sp. n., T. mahawuensis sp. n., T. manadensis sp. n., T. mangkutanensis sp. n., T. matalibaruensis sp. n., T. mesai sp. n., T. minahassae sp. n., T. moatensis sp. n., T. modoindingensis sp. n., T. nanus sp. n., T. nitidulus sp. n., T. obelix sp. n., T. ovalipunctatus sp. n., T. ovatulus sp. n., T. pagaranganensis sp. n., T. palopensis sp. n., T. paracollaris sp. n., T. pauper sp. n., T. pendolensis sp. n., T. posoensis sp. n., T. prismae sp. n., T. procurtus sp. n., T. pseudallotopus sp. n., T. pseudanalis, sp. n., T. pseudovatulus sp. n., T. pseudovalipunctatus sp. n., T. pseudofulvicornis sp. n., T. pseudomanadensis sp. n., T. pseudosimulans sp. n., T. pumilus sp. n., T. rantepao sp. n., T. reticulatus sp. n., T. rhombiformis sp. n., T. rotundatus sp. n., T. rotundulus sp. n., T. rudis sp. n., T. rufipes sp. n., T. sampunensis sp. n., T. sampuragensis sp. n., T. satyrus sp. n., T. scabripes sp. n., T. scaphiformis sp. n., T. scitulus sp. n., T. selayarensis sp. n., T. serripes sp. n., T. seticnemis sp. n., T. silvicola sp. n., T. squalidulus sp. n., T. sulawesiensis sp. n., T. suturatus sp. n., T. tatorensis sp. n., T. tenuipes sp. n., T. tomohonensis sp. n., T. toraja sp. n., T. vicinus sp. n., T. viduus sp. n., T. volcanorum sp. n., T. wangiwangiensis sp. n., T. watsoni sp. n., and T. yoda sp. n. All new species are authored by the taxonomist-in-charge, Alexander Riedel.

Mitochondrial genomes of twelve species of Trigonopterus weevils are presented, ten of them complete. We describe their gene order and molecular features and test their potential for reconstructing the phylogeny of this hyperdiverse genus comprising > 1,000 species. The complete mitochondrial genomes examined herein ranged from 16,501 bp to 21,007 bp in length, with an average AT content of 64.2% to 69.7%. Composition frequencies and skews were generally lower across species for atp6, cox1-3, and cob genes, while atp8 and genes coded on the minus strand showed much higher divergence at both nucleotide and amino acid levels. Most variation within genes was found at the codon level with high variation at third codon sites across species, and with lesser degree at the coding strand level. Two large non-coding regions were found, CR1 (between rrnS and trnI genes) and CR2 (between trnI and trnQ), but both with large variability in length; this peculiar structure of the non-coding region may be a derived character of Curculionoidea. The nad1 and cob genes exhibited an unusually high interspecific length variation of up to 24 bp near the 3′ end. This pattern was probably caused by a single evolutionary event since both genes are only separated by trnS2 and length variation is extremely rare in mitochondrial protein coding genes. We inferred phylogenetic trees using protein coding gene sequences implementing both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, each for both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. While some clades could be retrieved from all reconstructions with high confidence, there were also a number of differences and relatively low support for some basal nodes. The best partition scheme of the 13 protein coding sequences obtained by IQTREE suggested that phylogenetic signal is more accurate by splitting sequence variation at the codon site level as well as coding strand, rather than at the gene level. This result corroborated the different patterns found in Trigonopterus regarding to A+T frequencies and AT and GC skews that also greatly diverge at the codon site and coding strand levels.

Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardised framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is, in fact, much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]