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Background: Supervisors continuously need to decide when to provide clinical opportunities for unsupervised patient care to facilitate residents' development in the complex clinical learning context. The aim of this study is to explore residents' and supervisors' views and understanding of the influence of clinical supervision on affording a balanced support–autonomy from the cognitive apprenticeship (CA) theoretical lens. Methods: Residents and supervisors, representing all disciplines, participated in five focus groups and four semi‐structured individual interviews. Purposive and convenience sampling methods were used for recruiting participants. The reflexive thematic analysis approach was used for inductive data analysis. Results: A total of 15 residents and 8 supervisors participated in this study. All agreed that CA teaching methods can be applied across all levels. Participants experienced changes in their supervision methods and supervisor–resident interactions at different levels of training. They related the selection of supervision to task‐, resident‐ and supervisor‐related factors. Learning facilitating factors in clinical learning environment were identified and suggestions to enrich residents' learning experiences were also reported. Conclusion: The current study found that a one‐size‐fits‐all paradigm may not be effective for clinical supervision. It contributes to our understanding of how the CA model may be used to guide supervisor behaviour and how such practices can be modified to residents' level of development and competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objective: Nutritionists play a crucial role in guiding individuals toward healthier lifestyles through personalized meal planning; however, this task involves navigating a complex web of factors, including health conditions, dietary restrictions, cultural preferences, and socioeconomic constraints. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) offers a valuable framework for structuring these multi-faceted decisions but inconsistencies can hinder its effectiveness in pairwise comparisons. Methods: This paper proposes a novel hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization–Simulated Annealing (PSO-SA) algorithm to refine inconsistent AHP weight matrices, ensuring a consistent and accurate representation of the nutritionist's expertise and client preferences. Our approach merges PSO's global search capabilities with SA's local search precision, striking an optimal balance between exploration and exploitation. Results: We demonstrate the practical utility of our algorithm through real-world use cases involving personalized meal planning for individuals with specific dietary needs and preferences. Results showcase the algorithm's efficiency in achieving consistency and surpassing standard PSO accuracy. Conclusion: By integrating the PSO-SA algorithm into a mobile app, we empower nutritionists with an advanced decision-making tool for creating tailored meal plans that promote healthier dietary choices and improved client outcomes. This research represents a significant advancement in multi-criteria decision-making for nutrition, offering a robust solution to the inconsistency challenge in AHP and paving the way for more effective and personalized dietary interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Humic derivatives have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Aim: This study aimed to assess the experimental wound-healing effect of 0.5% humic acid gel. Materials and Methods: A full-thickness skin wound was created on the dorsal side of 24 Sprague Dawley male rats (220-250 g). The animals were then randomly divided into the control, sham, and experimental groups. Skin wounds were bandaged daily using sterile gauze dipped in normal saline, carboxymethylcellulose, and 0.5% humic acid for 21 days. The wound-healing rate was evaluated grossly and histologically at various time intervals post-injury. Results: Wound-healing percentage was significantly higher in the gel treatment group at all time points (P < 0.05). The mean number of inflammatory cells was significantly lower in the humic acid gel group than in the other groups (P < 0.001). Moreover, the number of new vascular cells and fibroblasts were significantly increased in the humic acid gel compared to the control (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These data confirmed that 0.5% humic acid gel accelerates wound healing, probably by anti-inflammatory effects, as well as by promoting vascular and fibroblast proliferation. Therefore, the humic acid gel may be used to improve wound care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Finding new compounds to accelerate wound healing is critical today. Humic substances or fulvic acid each have antiinflammatory properties. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of poultice 0.5% containing humic and fulvic acids on wound healing in male rats. Materials and Methods: An animal model was arranged by making a full-thickness skin wound was created in each rat. Animals were randomly divided into control, sham, and treatment groups. To investigate the effect of humic and fulvic acids combining poultice, the wound area and histological analyses of the number of inflammatory cells, fibroblasts, and angiogenesis were evaluated for 21 days. Results: The animals in the treated group showed higher wound healing percentage, angiogenesis, and fibroblast distribution compared with the control (P < 0.001). Moreover, the topical administration of humic and fulvic acids 0.5% poultice decreased the mean number of inflammatory cells significantly than the other groups (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The topical administration of a poultice containing humic and fulvic acid accelerated wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and fibroblast and reducing inflammatory cell distribution in a rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic infection caused by . Primary single-intramuscular hydatid disease is rare, even in endemic regions of the world. Here we report the case of exceptional thigh mass due to a hydatid cyst in an Iranian man.Case presentation: An 86-year-old man, initially presented to Velayat teaching hospital surgery clinic in May 2017 with a single right-thigh mass, but physical examinations of other organs were unremarkable. Based on sonographic findings, the differential diagnosis was hydatid cyst. He underwent surgical resection of the cyst. Histopathological results confirmed the diagnosis. There was no evidence of recurrence of the lesion during the 23-month follow-up. Conclusion: Increase thigh mass due to a hydatid cyst is a rare event. In endemic regions with the presence of hydatid cysts, especially physicians of surgical clinics have to consider differential diagnosis of hydatid cysts in unusual locations in case of such a lesion.

Salinization, as one of the foremost abiotic stresses, is an intensifying problem in many agroecosystems. Climatic changes, along with altering land use and also salinity of irrigation water all lead to enhanced soil salinity in agricultural lands. Changes in plant characteristics, as a result of raising soil salinity, may impose bottom‐up impact on plant‐feeding insects. We assessed the bottom‐up impact of salinity stress on demographic traits of the western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on cherry tomato, Solanum lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (Solanaceae) plants under greenhouse conditions (27 ± 2 °C, 65 ± 5% r.h., and L16:D8 photoperiod). Our results indicated that salinity stress interfered with the immature development period, adult longevity, and sex ratio of WFT. Salinity stress biased the sex ratio in favor of males. Significant concentration‐dependent differences were observed in the intrinsic (r) and finite (λ) increase rates and the net reproduction rate (R0) of WFT at different salinity levels. Salinity adversely influenced WFT development; nonetheless, population projection forecasted an ascending WFT population growth under moderate salinity stress of 100 mM (2.8 dS m−1 of NaCl), whereas severe salinity stress of 150 mM (4.7 dS m−1 of NaCl) resulted in remarkable fitness costs in WFT. This study demonstrates that WFT has the potential to become problematic in regions with moderate salinity. Therefore, it might exacerbate the detrimental impact of salinity on tomato production. The current survey provides information on the abundance of WFT on saline‐stressed tomato plants, thereby contributing to developing environmentally friendly measures to manage this notorious species in ecosystems under salinity stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most potentially hazardous diseases, prostate cancer has a high morbidity and mortality rate. Polymeric matrix drug-eluting implants have become widely employed, and modeling their behavior is becoming more and more prominent. It is always difficult to achieve effective drug delivery and release of it into specific tumor sites. One of the most significant purposes of this investigation, is the enhancement of the anticancer effects of prostate cancer treatment by co-delivering anticancer multi-drugs with PU-PCL films. The films were recognized utilizing SEM (scanning electron microscopy) while the material was being characterized. In addition, the MTT assay and flow cytometry (Annexin V/PI staining) have been employed to assess cell viability at various times. A dialysis approach was used to investigate the drug release characteristics of DOX and Ezetimibe in films in vitro for 5 days. To optimize pharmacokinetic profiles and reduce systemic toxicity induced by drugs, we loaded polymeric PU-PCL films with ezetimibe (EZ) and doxorubicin (DOX). Co-delivery of EZ and DOX via film-carrier demonstrated improved anticancer effects when compared to free drug delivery. The co-delivery of DOX and EZ drugs by PU-PCL films improved anticancer effects while reducing systemic toxicity, suggesting clinical usage of drug-resistant prostate cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]