33 results on '"Raci Karayigit"'
Search Results
2. The effect of high-intensity intermittent and moderate-intensity continuous exercises on neurobiological markers and cognitive performance
- Author
-
Yusuf Buzdagli, Murat Ozan, Nurcan Baygutalp, Furkan Oget, Raci Karayigit, Neslihan Yuce, Emirhan Kan, Fatih Baygutalp, Halil Ucar, and Yusuf Buzdağlı
- Subjects
Exercise ,Cognition ,Neurobiological ,BDNF ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Abstract Background The effects of exercise on cognitive functions and general brain health have been increasingly studied. Such studies conducted among athletes are very important to understanding the effects of different exercise methods on biochemical parameters and cognitive performance. The present study aimed to compare the neuroprotective effects of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) based on biochemical parameters and cognitive performance in athletes. Methods A total of twenty-eight elite male boxing athletes aged > 18 years, with at least eight years of training experience, who successfully achieved national and international levels were included in this study. The elite athletes participating in the study were aged 24.43 ± 4.72 years, 14.45 ± 5.89 years of training experience, had a body weight of 74.64 ± 7.82 kg, and had a height of 177 ± 7.15 cm. Athletes who consumed any stimulants during the testing or supplementation phase, nutritional supplements, or steroids that may have affected hormone levels or sports performance in the last three months were excluded from this study. Venous blood samples were obtained, and cognitive performance tests (Stroop tests) were applied (i) immediately after high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE), (ii) one hour after HIIE, (iii) immediately after moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE), and (iv) one hour after MICE. Serum BDNF, S100B, and NSE levels were measured after each session. Results Serum BDNF levels were significantly (F = 2.142, P
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Changes in Defensive Variables Determining Success in the NBA over the Last 10 Years
- Author
-
Hakan Buyukcelebi, Fatma Nese Sahin, Mahmut Acak, Hüseyin Şahin Uysal, Cengizhan Sari, Dilara Erkan, Semra Yatak, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
basketball ,analysis ,NBA ,defense ,team performance ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This study aimed to determine changes in defensive strategies over the past decade in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and identify the most crucial factors for winning games. The study analyzed all games where the 30 NBA teams played over 11 seasons (13,530 games) and created outcome statistics based on win–loss records. Five defensive variables (OREB [offensive rebound], DREB [defensive rebound], TREB [total rebound], ST [steal] and BLK [block]) were compared, revealing that OREB (p < 0.03), DREB (p < 0.001), TREB (p < 0.001), ST (p < 0.001) and BLK (p < 0.001) occur significantly in winning teams. Also, it has been observed that the changes over the years in the variables OREB (p < 0.01), DREB (p < 0.01), TREB (p < 0.01) and ST (p < 0.01) are statistically significant. However, there was no significant difference in the BLK variable over the years (p = 0.24). The impact of defensive variables on winning and their factor loadings are as follows: DREB (λ = 0.50), ST (λ = 0.15), TREB (λ = 0.10), BLK (λ = 0.08) and OREB (λ = 0.06). Coaches can use these findings on defensive variables to strategize and counter opponents during games.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Acute effect of different doses of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance in caffeine-habituated male soccer players
- Author
-
Ulas Can Yildirim, Neslihan Akcay, Dan Iulian Alexe, Ozcan Esen, Mehmet Gulu, Cristina Cîrtiţă-Buzoianu, Fahri Safa Cinarli, Marilena Cojocaru, Cengizhan Sari, Cristina Ioana Alexe, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
team sports ,strength ,vertical jump ,ball kicking speed ,gum ,ergogenic aid ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
The ergogenic benefits of caffeine have been well established, but there is scarce research on its chewing gum form. The present research aimed to examine the effects of different doses (100 and 200 mg) of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle strength, vertical jump performance, and ball-kicking speed in trained male soccer players. In a double-blind, randomized counterbalanced, and crossover research design, 14 male soccer players (age = 22 ± 2 y; body mass = 74.2 ± 7.1 kg; height = 180.0 ± 6.8 cm; habitual caffeine intake = 358.9 ± 292.4 mg/day) participated in three experimental trials. In each trial, participants performed isometric handgrip strength, quadriceps and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test 10 min after chewing 100 mg (LCAF) or 200 mg (MCAF) of caffeinated gum or placebo (PLA). MCAF improved quadriceps strength (53.77 ± 5.77 kg) compared to LCAF (49.62 ± 8.81 kg, p = 0.048) and PLA (49.20 ± 7.20 kg, p = 0.032). However, neither LCAF nor MCAF had a significant effect on the isometric handgrip and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test (all p > 0.05). These findings support chewing gum as an alternative mode of caffeine administration which can be used as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained soccer players, at least for quadriceps strength.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males
- Author
-
Hakan Yapici, Mehmet Gülü, Fatma Hilal Yagin, Dondu Ugurlu, Ertan Comertpay, Oguz Eroglu, Melike Kocoğlu, Monira I. Aldhahi, Raci Karayigit, and Sameer Badri AL-Mhanna
- Subjects
supplementation ,exercise ,strength training ,ultrasound ,muscle hypertrophy ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
The overarching aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chocolate milk consumption (500 mL) with 8-week of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, body composition, and maximal strength in untrained healthy men. A total of 22 Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups: combined resistance training (3 sessions per week for 8 weeks) and chocolate milk consumptions (include 30 g protein) Resistance Training Chocolate Milk (RTCM) (Age: 20.9 ± 0.9 years old) and resistance training (RT) only (Age: 19.8 ± 0.7 years old). Muscle thickness (MT), using a portable ultrasound, body composition, body mass, maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) and peak power (PP) were determined at baseline and 8 weeks later. In the RTCM, finding showed a significant improvement in the outcomes compared to the RT group, besides the main effect of time (pre and post). The 1 RM total increased by 36.7% in RTCM group compared to 17.6% increased in the RT group (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased by 20.8% in the RTCM group and 9.1% in the RT group (p < 0.001). In the RTCM group, the PP increased by 37.8% compared to only 13.8% increase in the RT group (p = 0.001). The group*time interaction effect was significant for MT, 1RM, CMJ, and PP (p < 0.05), and it was observed that the RTCM and the 8-week resistance training protocol maximized performance. Body fat percentage (%) decreased more in the RTCM (18.9%) group than in the RT (6.7%) group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, chocolate milk (500 mL) with high protein content consumed in addition to resistance training provided superior gains in terms of MT, 1 RM, body composition, CMJ, and PP. The finding of the study demonstrated the positive effect of casein-based protein (chocolate milk) and resistance training on the muscle performance. Chocolate milk consumption has a more positive effect on muscle strength when combined with RT and should be considered as a suitable post-exercise nutritional supplement. Future research could be conducted with a larger number of participants of different ages and longer study durations.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. One Week of Low or Moderate Doses of Caffeinated Coffee Consumption Does Not Induce Tolerance to The Accute Effects of Caffeine on Sprint Performance
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit and Dicle Aras
- Subjects
habituation ,coffee ,sprint ,ergogenic aid ,high intensity ,supplements ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Habituation to acute performance responses of caffeine intake is still an ongoing debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute and 1 week consumption of caffeinated coffee on intermittent sprint cycling performance (12x4s with 90s active recovery) (ISP). Twenty four male team-sport players randomly divided into 3 groups (8 athletes for each): 0.16 gr/kg decaffeinated coffee ingestion in a day for 1 week (PLAGROUP), 0.08 caffeinated + 0.08 decaffeinated coffee (providing 3 mg/kg caffeine) (0.16 gr/kg in total) (LOWGROUP) and 0.16 gr/kg caffeinated coffee (providing 6 mg/kg caffeine) (MODGROUP). Participants underwent three test session: At the first two test sessions, ISP test was performed with acute ingestion of decaffeinated coffee (PLA) or 6 mg/kg of caffeine provided by coffee (FIRSTCAF) to test acute effects of caffeine intake. At the third test session, following to 1 week of coffee consumption, to test if tolerance develops, ISP was performed with ingestion 6 mg/kg of caffeine provided by coffee (SECONDCAF). A 2-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that although average peak (p=0,39; η2 =0,13) and average mean (p=0,11; η2 =0,15) power of total 12 sprints during ISP test were not statistically different between 1 week consumption groups, FIRSTCAF and SECONDCAF significantly increased peak power (p=0,01; η2 =0,44) and mean power (p=0,01; η2 =0,46) in the first three sprints compared to PLA in all consumption groups. It appears that no tolerance was developed in 1 week consumption of 3 or 6 mg/kg/day of caffeine provided by coffee.
- Published
- 2021
7. Effects of carbohydrate and caffeine mouth rinsing on strength, muscular endurance and cognitive performance
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Ajmol Ali, Sajjad Rezaei, Gulfem Ersoz, Angel Lago-Rodriguez, Raúl Domínguez, and Alireza Naderi
- Subjects
ergogenic aid ,female athletes ,resistance exercise ,mouth rinse ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Sports medicine ,RC1200-1245 - Abstract
Background Carbohydrate (CHO) and caffeine (CAF) mouth rinsing have been shown to enhance endurance and sprint performance. However, the effects of CHO and CAF mouth rinsing on muscular and cognitive performance in comparison between male and female athletes are less well-established. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of CHO and CAF rinsing on squat and bench press 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) strength, 3 sets of 40% of 1-RM muscular endurance and cognitive performance in both male and female athletes. Methods Thirteen male and fourteen female resistance-trained participants completed four testing sessions following the rinsing of 25 ml of i) 6% of CHO (1.5 g); ii) 2% CAF (500 mg), iii) combined CHO and CAF (CHOCAF) solutions or iv) water (PLA) for 10 s. Heart rate (HR), felt arousal (FA), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and glucose (GLU) were recorded throughout the test protocol. Results There were no significant differences in squat and bench press 1-RM, HR, RPE and GLU (p > 0.05) for males and females, respectively. FA was significantly increased with CAF (p = 0.04, p = 0.01) and CHOCAF (p = 0.03, p = 0.01) condition in both males and females, respectively. Squat endurance performance in the first set was significantly increased with CHOCAF condition compared to PLA in both males (p = 0.01) and females (p = 0.02). Bench press endurance was similar for all conditions in both genders (p > 0.05). Cognitive performance was significantly increased with CHOCAF compared to PLA in males (p = 0.03) and females (p = 0.02). Conclusion Combined CHO and CAF mouth rinsing significantly improved lower body muscular endurance and cognitive performance in both males and females.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. High Dose of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia Does Not Adversely Affect Sprint Interval Training, Cognitive Performance and Heart Rate Variability in Males and Females
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Burak Caglar Yasli, Tomasz Gabrys, Daniela Benesova, and Ozcan Esen
- Subjects
altitude ,high-intensity interval training ,human physical conditioning ,sex ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Although preliminary studies suggested sex-related differences in physiological responses to hypoxia, the effects of sex on sprint interval training (SIT) performance in different degrees of hypoxia are largely lacking. The aim of this study was to examine the acute effect of different doses of normobaric hypoxia on SIT performance as well as heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance (CP) in amateur-trained team sport players by comparing potential sex differences. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 26 (13 females) amateur team-sport (football, basketball, handball, rugby) players completed acute SIT (6 × 15 s all-out sprints, separated with 2 min active recovery, against a load equivalent to 9% of body weight) on a cycle ergometer, in one of four conditions: (I) normoxia without a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (CON); (II) normoxia with a mask (FiO2: 20.9%) (NOR); (III) moderate hypoxia (FiO2: 15.4%) with mask (MHYP); and (IV) high hypoxia (FiO2: 13.4%) with mask (HHYP). Peak (PPO) and mean power output (MPO), HRV, heart rate (HR), CP, capillary lactate (BLa), and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) pre- and post-SIT were compared between CON, NOR, MHYP and HHYP. There were no significant differences found between trials for PPO (p = 0.55), MPO (p = 0.44), RPE (p = 0.39), HR (p = 0.49), HRV (p > 0.05) and CP (response accuracy: p = 0.92; reaction time: p = 0.24). The changes in MP, PP, RPE, HR, CP and HRV were similar between men and women (all p > 0.05). While BLa was similar (p = 0.10) between MHYP and HHYP trials, it was greater compared to CON (p = 0.01) and NOR (p = 0.01), without a sex-effect. In conclusion, compared to normoxia, hypoxia, and wearing a mask, have no effect on SIT acute responses (other than lactate), including PP, MP, RPE, CP, HR, and cardiac autonomic modulation either in men or women.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Low and Moderate Doses of Caffeinated Coffee Improve Repeated Sprint Performance in Female Team Sport Athletes
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Scott C. Forbes, Zakir Osmanov, Canan Yilmaz, Burak Caglar Yasli, Alireza Naderi, Hakan Buyukcelebi, Daniela Benesova, Tomasz Gabrys, and Ozcan Esen
- Subjects
ergogenicity ,exercise performance ,catecholamines ,tolerance ,anaerobic exercise ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of low and moderate doses of caffeine ingestion via caffeinated coffee on repeated sprint test (RST) and plasma catecholamine concentration in trained female team-sport athletes. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover design, 13 female team-sport athletes (VO2max: 48.7 ± 4 mL·kg·min−1) completed three RST trials, separated by 4-day, 60 min post-ingestion of either 3 mg·kg−1 (LCOF) or 6 mg·kg−1 (MCOF) or placebo (PLA). The RST consisted of 12 × 4 s sprints on a cycle ergometer interspersed with 20 s of active recovery. Blood lactate (BLa) and glucose (GLU) and epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were collected before and 60 min after coffee ingestion, and after RST. Heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured at the beginning of RST, and after the 6th and 12th sprints. Average peak power score during RST was significantly improved after LCOF (p = 0.016) and MCOF (p = 0.041) compared to PLA, but peak and mean power output of the individual sprints, and fatigue index were not different between trials (all p > 0.05). Epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were significantly higher before and after RST in LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (all p < 0.05). BLa was also higher after RST in both LCOF and MCOF compared to PLA (p = 0.005). HR, RPE, and GLU were not different between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low and moderate dose of caffeine ingestion can enhance the average peak power score during repeated sprints. These findings partly support low and moderate doses of caffeine supplementation via coffee as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained female team-sport players during repeated sprint exercise.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Relationship between Unilateral Leg Extension Strength and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Young Men
- Author
-
Fahri Safa Cinarli, Oğuzhan Adanur, Ozcan Esen, Magdalena Barasinska, Ladislav Cepicka, Tomasz Gabrys, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
dynamic balance ,neuromuscular control ,strength ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
It is well known that the quadriceps muscle group is involved in activity during dynamic balance and that dynamic balance tests are an important feedback tool for predicting lower limb injuries. However, the relationship between maximum leg extension strength and performance in the Y Balance Test is not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between unilateral leg extension strength and dynamic balance in healthy young men. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. A total of 33 healthy men (mean age ± standard deviation = 21.21 ± 1.24 years) volunteered for this study. The participants’ dynamic balance was determined with the Y Balance Test and unilateral one repetition maximum strength was determined by the leg extension machine. The same side was preferred for strength and dynamic balance measurements. Normalized reach, composite score, and absolute and relative strength values were analyzed for correlations. Linear regression analysis was used to determine whether strength values predicted the results of the Y Balance Test. There was a positive linear correlation between the strength values and normalized reach distances and composite scores (r ranges from 0.466 to 0.757; p < 0.01). The coefficients of determination showed that dynamic balance and strength (absolute and relative) performance are not independent parameters in healthy young men (r2 = 21–57% explained variance). It was also found that strength values (absolute and relative) can predict balance. Our study confirmed the relationship between strength and dynamic balance. It can be said that especially the strength of the lower extremity has an acceptable effect on dynamic balance.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Development of the Effect of Video Assistant Referee Application on Football Parameters
- Author
-
Hakan Buyukcelebi, Serkan Duz, Mahmut Acak, Umut Nalbant, Karel Svatora, Tomasz Gabrys, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
football ,match analysis ,referee ,performance analysis ,soccer ,video assistant referee ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The Video Assistant Referee (VAR) application is a technological development that gives referees the chance to review their critical decisions. The current study aimed to determine the effect of the VAR system in international football organizations on the game over the years. The sample of the study consists of 115 football matches, specifically 64 matches played in the 2018 FIFA World Cup and 51 matches played in the 2020 European Football Championship. In the competitions handled, the number of goals, the number of yellow cards, the number of red cards, the first half time, the second half time, the total match time, the number of penalties and the number of offsides were examined. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare two independent groups. As a result, in the 2020 European Football Championship, there was a decrease in the second half time (p = 0.01) and total match time (p = 0.01), and a significant increase in the number of offsides (p = 0.03) compared to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between the two tournaments in the variables of number of goals, number of yellow cards, number of red cards, half time and penalty shootout (p > 0.05). In light of the data obtained, it can be said that the effect of the VAR system on the spirit of the game will decrease as the share of the VAR system in the pauses during the competition decreases over the years. The data revealed in the study may be a clue to explaining why the effect of the VAR system on game dynamics and game spirit has decreased over the years. Therefore, the concerns of football stakeholders about the effects of the system on the game may gradually decrease with the arrangements made for VAR.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. The Acute Effects of Normobaric Hypoxia on Strength, Muscular Endurance and Cognitive Function: Influence of Dose and Sex
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Mustafa Can Eser, Fatma Nese Sahin, Cengizhan Sari, Angela Sanchez-Gomez, Raul Dominguez, and Mitat Koz
- Subjects
hypoxic dose ,resistance training ,muscular endurance ,sex difference ,flanker ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the acute effects of different levels of hypoxia on maximal strength, muscular endurance, and cognitive function in males and females. In total, 13 males (mean ± SD: age, 23.6 ± 2.8 years; height, 176.6 ± 3.9 cm; body mass, 76.6 ± 2.1 kg) and 13 females (mean ± SD: age, 22.8 ± 1.4 years; height, 166.4 ± 1.9 cm; body mass, 61.6 ± 3.4 kg) volunteered for a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants completed a one repetition strength and muscular endurance test (60% of one repetition maximum to failure) for squat and bench press following four conditions; (i) normoxia (900 m altitude; FiO2: 21%); (ii) low dose hypoxia (2000 m altitude; FiO2: 16%); (iii) moderate dose hypoxia (3000 m altitude; FiO2: 14%); and (iv) high dose hypoxia (4000 m altitude; FiO2: 12%). Heart rate, blood lactate, rating of perceived exertion, and cognitive function was also determined during each condition. The one repetition maximum squat (p = 0.33) and bench press (p = 0.68) did not differ between conditions or sexes. Furthermore, squat endurance did not differ between conditions (p = 0.34). There was a significant decrease in bench press endurance following moderate (p = 0.02; p = 0.04) and high (p = 0.01; p = 0.01) doses of hypoxia in both males and females compared to normoxia and low dose hypoxia, respectively. Cognitive function, ratings of perceived exertion, and lactate were also significantly different in high and moderate dose hypoxia conditions compared to normoxia (p < 0.05). Heart rate was not different between the conditions (p = 0.30). In conclusion, high and moderate doses of acute normobaric hypoxia decrease upper body muscular endurance and cognitive performance regardless of sex; however, lower body muscular endurance and maximal strength are not altered.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation on Sprint Performance after Combined Electromyostimulation and Back Squats
- Author
-
Cengizhan Sari, Mitat Koz, Vaclav Salcman, Tomasz Gabrys, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
PAP ,preconditioning ,warm-up ,individual response ,explosive force ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a phenomenon which can improve force performance executed after a previous conditioning activity. PAP is usually evoked through heavy resistance, but many new methods are being suggested that acutely improve performance in post-activation potentiation protocols. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of simultaneous application of Smith machine back squats (BS) with electromyostimulation (EMS) on sprint performance. Sixteen male (age = 22.9 ± 2.3 years, body mass = 79.9 ± 13.8 kg, BS one-repetition maximum (1 RM) = 120.5 ± 17.3) amateur football and rugby players volunteered for this study. Participants randomly performed PAP protocols (CON = no load, BS = 3 × 85% of 1 RM BS, EMS = 3 × weightless squat with electric current and BS + EMS = 3 × 85% 1 RM BS with electric current) on four different days with at least 48 h intervals. Participants rested passively for 7 min after preloads and performed the 30 m sprint test. Sprint times for 10 and 30 m were recorded for each condition. As a result, no significant difference was found in the 10 m (p = 0.13) and 30 m (p = 0.10) sprint performance between the preload protocols. The effect size was found to be trivial (ηp2: 0.13 for 10 m; ηp2: 0.11 for 30 m). In individual results, the 10 m sprint performance of five participants and 30 m sprint performance of two participants decreased in BS, EMS, or BS + EMS conditions compared with CON. No PAP effect in other participants was observed. In conclusion, preloads did not affect 10 m and 30 m sprint performance of football and rugby players. It can be said that the applied PAP protocols or physical exertion alone may cause fatigue in some individuals.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Combined but Not Isolated Ingestion of Caffeine and Taurine Improves Wingate Sprint Performance in Female Team-Sport Athletes Habituated to Caffeine
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Alireza Naderi, Bryan Saunders, Scott C. Forbes, Juan Del Coso, Erfan Berjisian, Ulas Can Yildirim, and Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Subjects
anaerobic capacity ,high-intensity exercise performance ,ergogenic aids ,intermittent exercise ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Abstract
Previous studies have investigated caffeine (CAF) and taurine (TAU) in isolation and combined during exercise in males. However, the potential synergistic effect during high-intensity exercise remains unknown in female athletes. Seventeen female team-sport athletes participated (age: 23.4 ± 2.1 years; height: 1.68 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 59.5 ± 2.2 kg). All participants were habitual caffeine consumers (340.1 ± 28.6 mg/day). A double-blind randomized crossover design was used. Participants completed four experimental trials: (i) CAF and TAU (6 mg/kg body mass of CAF + 1 g of TAU), (ii) CAF alone; (iii) TAU alone; and (iv) placebo (PLA). Supplements were ingested 60 min before a 30-s Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT). Heart rate and blood lactate (BL) were measured before and immediately after the WAnT; and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded immediately after the WAnT. Peak power (PP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.03) and TAU (p = 0.03). Mean power (MP) was significantly higher following co-ingestion of CAF+TAU compared to PLA (p = 0.01). No other differences were found between conditions for PP and MP (p > 0.05). There were also no observed differences in fatigue index (FI), BL; heart rate; and RPE between conditions (p > 0.05). In conclusion, compared to PLA the combined ingestion of 6 mg/kg of CAF and 1 g of TAU improved both PP and MP in female athletes habituated to caffeine; however; CAF and TAU independently failed to augment WAnT performance.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Are Caffeine’s Effects on Resistance Exercise and Jumping Performance Moderated by Training Status?
- Author
-
Erfan Berjisian, Alireza Naderi, Shima Mojtahedi, Jozo Grgic, Mohammad Hossein Ghahramani, Raci Karayigit, Jennifer L. Forbes, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete, and Scott C. Forbes
- Subjects
Male ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Cross-Over Studies ,Caffeine ,caffeine ,ergogenic aid ,resistance training ,muscular strength-endurance ,Humans ,Resistance Training ,Muscle Strength ,Performance-Enhancing Substances ,Exercise ,Food Science - Abstract
This study aimed to explore if the effects of caffeine intake on resistance exercise and jumping performance are moderated by training status. We included ten resistance-trained and ten recreationally active males in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study. Participants were categorized into groups according to their resistance to training experience and muscular strength levels. Exercise performance outcomes included weight lifted and mean velocity during a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and squat; repetitions were performed to muscular failure in the same exercises with 70% of 1RM and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Exercise performance was evaluated on three occasions, following no substance ingestion (control), caffeine (6 mg/kg), and placebo. There was a main effect on the condition for all the performance outcomes (all p ≤ 0.02), except for the 1RM squat mean velocity (p = 0.157) and 1RM bench press mean velocity (p = 0.719). For weight lifted in the 1RM bench press, there was a significant difference when comparing the caffeine vs. control, caffeine vs. placebo, and placebo vs. control. For weight lifted in the 1RM squat, a significant difference was found when comparing the caffeine vs. control. For muscular endurance outcomes and jump height, a significant difference was found when caffeine was compared to the control or placebo. Effect sizes were trivial for muscular strength (Hedges’ g: 0.04–0.12), small for the jump height (Hedges’ g: 0.43–0.46), and large for muscular endurance (Hedges’ g: 0.89–1.41). Despite these ergogenic effects, there was no significant training status × caffeine interaction in any of the analyzed outcomes. In summary, caffeine ingestion is ergogenic for muscular strength, endurance, and jump height. These effects are likely to be of a similar magnitude in resistance-trained and recreationally active men.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Practical Nutrition Strategies to Support Basketball Performance during International Short-Term Tournaments: A Narrative Review
- Author
-
Ozcan Esen, Kazimierz Rozwadowski, Ladislav Cepicka, Tomasz Gabrys, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
Travel ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Motor Skills ,Nutritional Status ,Basketball ,Food Science ,Nutrition Policy - Abstract
A short-term (e.g., 6 days) basketball tournament is a shorter version of international tournaments, and qualification in it enables participation in international tournaments such as the Olympics and World championships or preparation before major tournaments. Time for recovery between matches is shorter compared with major tournaments, resulting in an accentuated load on players, which can be repeated up to four times within the 6-day competition period. Therefore, nutritional strategies need to focus on faster and adequate recovery after each match as well as optimum fuelling and hydration before and during matches. Travelling can also create additional challenges when preparing and/or applying those nutritional strategies. There are some particular evidence-based sport foods and ergogenic aids that can improve intermittent activity and/or the execution of motor skills, which may facilitate basketball players’ recovery and performance. The present review provides practical nutritional strategies to support short-term basketball tournaments based on players’ physiological needs and current sport nutrition guidelines.
- Published
- 2022
17. Rozlišuje dominantní somatotyp výkonnost skokových a sprintových proměnných u mladých zdravých dospělých osob?
- Author
-
Fahri Safa Cinarli, Hakan Buyukcelebi, Ozcan Esen, Magdalena Barasinska, Ladislav Cepicka, Tomasz Gabrys, Umut Nalbant, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
somatotyp ,Adult ,Male ,explosive movement ,anthropometry ,Adolescent ,Somatotypes ,explozivně silová schopnost ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Health Status ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,somatotype ,B100 ,peak power ,C600 ,špičkový výkon ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Female ,antropometrie ,Sports - Abstract
Vztah mezi somatotypovým tříčíslím atleta a jeho sportovním výkonem je dobře znám. Přímý vliv odlišného dominantního somatotypu na skokové a sprintové proměnné však dosud nebyl popsán. Cílem této studie bylo prozkoumat účinky dominantního somatotypu na sportovně specifické výbušné proměnné. Sto dvanáct fyzicky aktivních mladých dospělých (průměrný věk směrodatné odchylky: 21,82 3,18 let) bylo somatotypizováno pomocí Heath–Carterovy metody. Účastníci byli klasifikováni jako vyvážený ektomorf, vyrovnaný mezomorf, centrální, mezomorf-endomorf a mezomorfní ektomorf. Vertikální skok a testy lineárního sprintu byly provedeny za účelem měření špičkového výkonu v dolní části těla a proměnných sprintu (čas, rychlost a hybnost). Analýza odhalila, že vyvážený mezomorf měl významně vyšší vertikální skok (velikost účinku (ES) = 1,10, p = 0,005) a sílu k tělesné hmotnosti (ES = 1,04, p = 0,023) než mezomorf-endomorf. Kromě toho, vyvážený mezomorf vykazoval významně lepší výkon v čase a rychlosti sprintu na 30 m než centrální a mezomorf-endomorf (rozsah ES = 0,93–1, p < 0,05). Konečně, vyrovnaný ektomorf (ES = 1,12, p = 0,009) a mezomorfní ektomorf (ES = 1,10, p = 0,017) byly nižší ve sprintové hybnosti ve srovnání s vyrovnanými mezomorfy. Závěrem lze říci, že tato studie prokázala důležitost interakce mezi podtypy a sportovním výkonem. Získané znalosti mohou být důležité při identifikaci těch, kteří mají tendenci podávat dobré výkony ve sportech s výbušnou silou a při předepisování tréninkových programů. The relationship between an athlete’s somatotype three-numeral rating and his or her athletic performance is well known. However, a direct effect of the different dominant somatotype on jumping and sprinting variables has not yet been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dominant somatotype on sport-specific explosive variables. One hundred and twelve physically active young adults (mean standard deviation age: 21.82 3.18 years) were somatotyperated using the Heath–Carter method. Participants were classified as balanced ectomorph, balanced mesomorph, central, mesomorph-endomorph, and mesomorphic ectomorph. Vertical jump and linear sprint tests were performed to measure peak lower body performance and sprint variables (time, speed, and momentum), respectively. The analysis revealed that balanced mesomorph had significantly higher vertical jump (effect size (ES) = 1.10, p = 0.005) and power to body mass (ES = 1.04, p = 0.023) than mesomorph-endomorph. In addition, balanced mesomorph showed significantly superior performance in 30-m sprint time and velocity than central and mesomorph-endomorph (ES range = 0.93–1, p < 0.05). Finally, balanced ectomorph (ES = 1.12, p = 0.009) and mesomorphic ectomorph (ES = 1.10, p = 0.017) were lower in sprint momentum compared to balanced mesomorphs. In conclusion, this study has shown the importance of the interaction between subtypes and athletic performance. The knowledge gained may be important in identifying those who tend to perform well in sports with explosive power and in prescribing training programs.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. One-Week L-Arginine Supplementation Had No Effect on 200m Freestyle Swimming Time Trial in Moderately-Trained Male Swimmers
- Author
-
RACI KARAYIGIT and Ozcan Esen
- Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics ,Pharmacology (medical) ,C600 ,Food Science - Abstract
Research on the effect of L-arginine supplementation on exercise performance is still inconsistent and its influence on single-bout swimming performance has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess if one-week L-arginine supplementation would enhance 200-m freestyle swimming performance in trained/developmental (regularly training ∼3 times per week with a purpose to compete) male swimmers. In a randomized, cross-over, double-blind design, 8 trained/developmental male swimmers (age 25 ± 5 years; mean ± SD) completed 200-m freestyle swimming time-trial on 3 separate occasions: a control trial; and after 2 separate 7-d supplementation periods, with a daily dose of either 8 g/d of L-arginine or placebo trials. Blood lactate concentration was measured immediately post time-trial swimming. Completion time of the 200-m freestyle swimming time-trial did not differ significantly (F = 4.55; P = 0.060; ŋp2 = 0.394) between control (149.40 ± 9.88 s), L-arginine (146.02 ± 10.34 s) and placebo trials (147.58 ± 10.86 s). There was no statistically significant difference in post time-trial swimming blood lactate concentration between trials (control: 11.2 ± 2.7; L-arginine: 13.1 ± 1.8; Placebo: 12.2 ± 2.7, F = 3.52; P = 0.058; ŋp2 = 0.335). One-week of supplementation with 8 g/d of L-arginine, had no ergogenic effect on middle-distance (200-m), freestyle swimming performance in trained/developmental male swimmers.
- Published
- 2022
19. Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation Enhances Intermittent Running Performance but Does Not Reduce Oxygen Cost of Exercise among Recreational Adults
- Author
-
RACI KARAYIGIT, Ozcan Esen, Raúl Domínguez, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo
- Subjects
Male ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nitrates ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Polyesters ,Nitric oxide ,Ergogenic aid ,Exercise performance ,C600 ,Antioxidants ,Running ,Fruit and Vegetable Juices ,Oxygen ,Young Adult ,Oxygen Consumption ,Double-Blind Method ,Dietary Supplements ,Sports nutrition ,Humans ,Beta vulgaris ,Beetroot juice ,nitric oxide ,ergogenic aid ,sports nutrition ,beetroot juice ,exercise performance ,Food Science - Abstract
Nitrate (NO3−) supplementation has been reported to enhance intermittent exercise performance; however, its impact on oxygen (O2) cost during intermittent running exercise is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess if acute NO3− supplementation would elicit performance benefits in recreationally active individuals during the Yo–Yo intermittent recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test, with its potential benefit on O2 consumption (VO2), in a double-blind, randomized, crossover study, 12 recreational males consumed NO3−-rich (NIT; ~12.8 mmol), and NO3−-depleted (PLA; 0.04 mmol) concentrated beetroot juice 3 h before completing the Yo-Yo IR1 test. VO2 was measured at 160, 280 and 440 m (sub-maximal) and when the test was terminated (peak). Performance in the Yo–Yo IR1 was greater with NIT (990 ± 442.25 m) compared to PLA (870 ± 357.4 m, p = 0.007). The VO2 was not significantly different at 160 m (1.92 ± 0.99 vs. 2.1 ± 0.88 L·min−1), 280 m (2.62 ± 0.94 vs. 2.83 ± 0.94 L·min−1), 440 m (3.26 ± 1.04 vs. 3.46 ± 0.98 L·min−1) and peak (4.71 ± 1.01 vs. 4.92 ± 1.17 L·min−1) between NIT and PLA trials (all p > 0.05). The present study has indicated that acute supplementation of NO3− enhanced intermittent running performance but had no effect on VO2 during the Yo–Yo IR1 test in recreational young adults.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Effects of Different Doses of Caffeinated Coffee on Muscular Endurance, Cognitive Performance, and Cardiac Autonomic Modulation in Caffeine Naive Female Athletes
- Author
-
Burak Çağlar Yaşli, Alireza Naderi, Mojtaba Kaviani, Amir Sarshin, Carlos Janssen Gomes da Cruz, Raci Karayigit, Fırat Akça, and Gülfem Ersöz
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ergogenic aid: female athletes ,coffee ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Article ,Standard deviation ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Cognition ,0302 clinical medicine ,Double-Blind Method ,Heart Rate ,Caffeine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Heart rate variability ,Ingestion ,Lactic Acid ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Repeated measures design ,Heart ,Pain Perception ,030229 sport sciences ,Caffeinated coffee ,biology.organism_classification ,Glucose ,chemistry ,Cardiology ,Female ,Arousal ,business ,strength ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Food Science - Abstract
Caffeine is widely consumed among elite athletes for its well-known ergogenic properties, and its ability to increase exercise performance. However, studies to date have predominantly focused on the anhydrous form of caffeine in male participants. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of caffeinated coffee ingestion on lower-upper body muscular endurance, cognitive performance, and heart rate variability (HRV) in female athletes. A total of 17 participants (mean ±, standard deviation (SD): age = 23 ±, 2 years, body mass = 64 ±, 4 kg, height = 168 ±, 3 cm) in a randomized cross-over design completed three testing sessions, following the ingestion of 3 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (3COF), 6 mg/kg/bm of caffeine (6COF) provided from coffee or decaffeinated coffee (PLA) in 600 mL of hot water. The testing results included: (1) repetition number for muscular endurance performance, (2): reaction time and response accuracy for cognitive performance, (3): HRV parameters, such as standard deviation of normal-to-normal (NN) intervals (SDNN), standard deviation of successive differences (SDSD), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), total power (TP), the ratio of low- and high-frequency powers (LF/HF), high-frequency power (HF), normalized HF (HFnu), low-frequency power (LF), and normalized LF (LFnu). A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed that 3COF (p = 0.024) and 6COF (p = 0.036) improved lower body muscular endurance in the first set as well as cognitive performance (p = 0.025, p = 0.035 in the post-test, respectively) compared to PLA. However, no differences were detected between trials for upper body muscular endurance (p = 0.07). Lastly, all HRV parameters did not change between trials (p >, 0.05). In conclusion, ingesting caffeinated coffee improved lower body muscular endurance and cognitive performance, while not adversely affecting cardiac autonomic function.
- Published
- 2021
21. High-Dose Nitrate Supplementation Attenuates the Increased Blood Pressure Responses to Isometric Blood Flow Restriction Exercise in Healthy Males
- Author
-
Ladislav Cepicka, RACI KARAYIGIT, Tomasz Gabrys, and Ozcan Esen
- Subjects
oxid dusnatý ,Male ,kardiovaskulární zdraví ,Nitrates ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Blood Flow Restriction Therapy ,Nitrogen Dioxide ,výživa ,cardiovascular health ,Blood Pressure ,A300 ,C600 ,doplňky ,functional food ,supplements ,Young Adult ,nutrition ,funkční potraviny ,nitric oxide ,Dietary Supplements ,Humans ,Nitrogen Oxides ,Food Science - Abstract
Účinek suplementace dusičnanů (NO3 -) na reakce krevního tlaku (KT) během izometrického a ischemického cvičení velkých svalových skupin u zdravých mladých dospělých není známý. Cílem této studie bylo posoudit vliv 5denní suplementace NO3- na odezvu KT během krátké izometrické kontrakce a stálé ischemické kontrakce. V randomizovaném, dvojitě zaslepeném, zkříženém designu podstoupilo 14 zdravých aktivních mladých dospělých měření KT po 5 dnech suplementace buď NO3- (NIT) nebo placebem (PLA). Tlak po tepu byl měřen v klidu před a po cvičení a během krátké (20 s) izometrické kontrakce při maximální síle 25 % a během trvalé ischemické kontrakce. Plazmatická koncentrace dusitanů (NO2-) se po suplementaci NO3- ve srovnání s placebem významně zvýšila. Systolický KT byl významně nižší v klidu před (p = 0,051) a po cvičení (p = 0,006), během krátké izometrické kontrakce (p = 0,030) a během trvalé ischemické kontrakce (p = 0,040) po suplementaci NO3 . Průměrný arteriální tlak byl signifikantně nižší v klidu před (p = 0,004) a po cvičení (p = 0,043), během krátké izometrické kontrakce (p = 0,041) a po celou dobu austainované ischemické kontrakce (p = 0,021) po NO3- suplementace. Diastolický KT byl nižší v klidu před zátěží (p = 0,032), ale ne v klidu po zátěži, během krátké izometrické kontrakce a během trvalé ischemické kontrakce (vše p > 0,05). Pět dní suplementace NO3 zvýšilo koncentraci NO2 v plazmě a snížilo KT během krátké izometrické kontrakce a trvalé ischemické kontrakce u zdravých dospělých. Tato pozorování naznačují, že vícedenní suplementace dusičnanů může snížit TK v klidu a zmírnit zvýšenou odezvu KT během izometrického cvičení. Tato zjištění podporují, že suplementace NO3 je účinnou nutriční intervencí při snižování SBP a MAP u zdravých mladých mužů během submaximálního cvičení. The effect of nitrate (NO3 -) supplementation on blood pressure (BP) responses during large muscle mass isometric and ischaemic exercise in healthy young adults is unclear. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 5-day supplementation of NO3- on BP responses during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction. In a randomised, doubleblinded, crossover design, 14 healthy active young adults underwent BP measurements after 5 days of either NO3- (NIT) or placebo (PLA) supplementation. Beat-by-beat BP was measured at preand post-exercise rest, and during a short (20 s) isometric contraction at 25% maximal strength and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction. Plasma nitrite (NO2-) concentration increased significantly after NO3- supplementation compared to placebo. Systolic BP was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.051) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.006), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.030), and throughout a sustained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.040) after NO3- supplementation. Mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at pre- (p = 0.004) and post-exercise rest (p = 0.043), during a short isometric contraction (p = 0.041), and throughout a austained ischaemic contraction (p = 0.021) after NO3- supplementation. Diastolic BP was lower at pre-exercise rest (p = 0.032), but not at post-exercise rest, during a short isometric contraction, and during a sustained ischaemic contraction (all p > 0.05). Five days of NO3- supplementation elevated plasma NO2- concentration and reduced BP during a short isometric contraction and a sustained ischaemic contraction in healthy adults. These observations indicate that multiple-day nitrate supplementation can decrease BP at rest and attenuate the increased BP response during isometric exercise. These findings support that NO3- supplementation is an effective nutritional intervention in reducing SBP and MAP in healthy young males during submaximal exercise.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. The acute caffeine ingestion improved performance during traditional and cluster‐based resistance training models in resistance‐trained male athletes
- Author
-
Zahra Hatami Nasab, Majid Koozehchian, Alireza Rahimi, Darren G. Candow, Amir Sarshin, Foad Feizolahi, Alireza Naderi, Raci Karayigit, Erfan Berjisian, and Scott C. Forbes
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,CAFFEINE INGESTION ,biology ,Athletes ,business.industry ,Resistance training ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Improved performance ,Genetics ,Physical therapy ,medicine ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biotechnology ,Cluster based - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The Effect of Different Doses of Acute Normobaric Hypoxia on Sprint Interval Training and Cognitive Performance
- Author
-
Gina Mabrey, Andrew Newton, Majid Koozehchian, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Normobaric hypoxia ,Physical medicine and rehabilitation ,Sprint ,business.industry ,Genetics ,medicine ,Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Biochemistry ,Interval training ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. The effects of 15 or 30 s SIT in normobaric hypoxia on aerobic, anaerobic performance and critical power
- Author
-
Göktuğ Ertetik, Mustafa Can Eser, Mitat Koz, Burak Çağlar Yaşli, Karol Pilis, Özkan Güler, Hakan Karabiyik, Tomasz Gabrys, Raci Karayigit, Aysegul Sisman, MÜ, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümü, and Şişman, Ayşegül
- Subjects
Male ,chronic training ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,education ,HIIT ,lcsh:Medicine ,normobaric hypoxia ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,High-Intensity Interval Training ,Interval training ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Oxygen Consumption ,medicine ,Humans ,Anaerobiosis ,Hypoxia ,Chronic training ,Normobaric hypoxia ,team athletes ,Team athletes ,biology ,business.industry ,Athletes ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,Hypoxia (medical) ,biology.organism_classification ,sprint duration ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Sprint ,Anesthesia ,Critical power ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Anaerobic exercise ,human activities ,Sprint duration - Abstract
Sprint interval training (SIT) is a concept that has been shown to enhance aerobic-anaerobic training adaptations and induce larger effects in hypoxia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of SIT with 15 or 30 s in hypoxia on aerobic, anaerobic performance and critical power (CP). A total of 32 male team players were divided into four groups: SIT with 15 s at FiO2: 0.209 (15 N), FiO2: 0.135 (15 H), SIT with 30 s at FiO2: 0.209 (30 N), and FiO2: 0.135 (30 H). VO2max did not significantly increase, however time-to-exhaustion (TTE) was found to be significantly longer in the post test compared to pre test (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.86). Mean power (MPw.kg) after repeated wingate tests was significantly higher compared to pre training in all groups (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.66). Similarly, CP was increased in all groups with 4 weeks of SIT (p = 0.001) with no difference between groups (p = 0.82). This study showed that 4 weeks of SIT with 15 and 30 s sprint bouts in normoxia or hypoxia did not increased VO2max in trained athletes. However, anerobic performance and CP can be increased with 4 weeks of SIT both in normoxia or hypoxia with 15 or 30 s of sprint durations.
- Published
- 2021
25. Una Semana de Consumo de Café con Cafeína en Dosis Bajas o Moderadas No Induce Tolerancia a los Efectos Precisos de la Cafeína en el Rendimiento del Sprint
- Author
-
RACI KARAYIGIT
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Different Doses of Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse Have No Effect on Exercise Performance in Resistance Trained Women
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit, Fırat Akça, Dicle Aras, Ulas Can Yildirim, Mojtaba Kaviani, Aysegul Sisman, Burak Çağlar Yaşli, Scott C. Forbes, Darren G. Candow, Alireza Naderi, Ahmet Mor, MÜ, Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Öğretmenliği Bölümü, and Şisman, Ayşegül
- Subjects
Adult ,Dose ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Carbohydrates ,Mouthwashes ,female athletes ,lcsh:Medicine ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Ergogenic aid ,Placebo ,Physical strength ,ergogenic aid ,Bench press ,Article ,muscular endurance ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Animal science ,Female athletes ,Heart rate ,Mouth rinse ,Medicine ,Aerobic exercise ,Humans ,Muscle Strength ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Resistance Training ,030229 sport sciences ,Carbohydrate ,strength ,Muscular endurance ,Physical Endurance ,Female ,Strength ,business - Abstract
Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinse has been shown to enhance aerobic endurance performance. However, the effects of CHO mouth rinse on muscular strength and endurance are mixed and may be dependent on dosage of CHO. The primary purpose was to examine the effects of different dosages of CHO rinse on strength (bench press 1 repetition maximum [1-RM]) and muscular endurance (40% of 1-RM repetitions to failure) in female athletes. Sixteen resistance-trained females (age: 20 ± 1 years; height: 167 ± 3 cm; body mass: 67 ± 4 kg; BMI: 17 ± 2 kg/m2; resistance training experience: 2 ± 1 years) completed four conditions in random order. The four conditions consisted of a mouth rinse with 25 mL solutions containing either 6% of CHO (Low dose of CHO: LCHO), 12% CHO (Moderate dose of CHO: MCHO), 18% CHO (High dose of CHO: HCHO) or water (Placebo: PLA) for 10 s prior to a bench press strength and muscular endurance test. Maximal strength (1-RM), muscular endurance (reps and total volume), heart rate (HR), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and glucose (GLU) were recorded each condition. There were no significant differences in strength (p = 0.95) or muscular endurance (total repetitions: p = 0.06; total volume: p = 0.20) between conditions. Similarly, HR (p = 0.69), RPE (p = 0.09) and GLU (p = 0.92) did not differ between conditions. In conclusion, various doses of CHO mouth rinse (6%, 12% and 18%) have no effect on upper body muscular strength or muscular endurance in female athletes.
- Published
- 2021
27. Investigating Child Abuse in Sports: An Ecological Systems Perspective
- Author
-
Damla Güler, Yağmur Güler, Caner Cengiz, Semiyha Tuncel, and Raci Karayiğit
- Subjects
child abuse in sport ,ecological systems ,physical ,emotional and sexual abuse ,neglect ,Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Background: This study examines child abuse in sports environments through Ecological Systems Theory, revealing the multifaceted nature of abuse and the impact of environmental factors at various levels. Methods: With a study design using the phenomenology approach, a qualitative research method, data were collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 11 Turkish participants, including 5 athletes, 4 coaches, and 2 academics with coaching experience in Sports Sciences. Thematic analysis was used to evaluate the data, categorizing findings into four levels: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem. Results: Findings show that at the microsystem level, children are exposed to physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect, largely through interactions with coaches and teammates. Physical abuse includes non-contact forms, like dehydration and forced training, and contact abuse, such as violence from coaches and peers. Emotional abuse manifests through psychological pressures and verbal attacks, creating a toxic environment. At the mesosystem level, excessive parental trust in coaches reduces oversight, leaving children vulnerable. In the exosystem, inadequate supervision of coaches and a lack of response to abuse cases by sports clubs worsen the issue. At the macrosystem level, cultural norms and societal attitudes normalize abuse, especially affecting female athletes. Conclusions: The study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions, including family awareness, stricter coach oversight, and robust policies within sports organizations to protect children. By emphasizing the interaction of individual, familial, and societal factors, this research underscores the importance of collective efforts to ensure safer sports environments.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Eight Days of L-Citrulline or L-Arginine Supplementation Did Not Improve 200-m and 100-m Swimming Time Trials
- Author
-
Ozcan Esen, Mustafa Can Eser, Mekki Abdioglu, Daniela Benesova, Tomasz Gabrys, and Raci Karayigit
- Subjects
Male ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,nitric oxide ,ergogenic aid ,sport nutrition ,supplements ,functional foods ,Arginine ,Nitric Oxide ,C600 ,ergogenní podpora ,sportovní výživa ,funkční potraviny ,Double-Blind Method ,Dietary Supplements ,Citrulline ,Humans ,Female ,Lactic Acid ,oxid dusný ,Swimming - Abstract
Účinky suplementace L-citrulinu nebo L-argininu na fyzický výkon jsou nejednoznačné a účinky na plavecký výkon jsou nejasné. Naším cílem bylo posoudit, zda osmidenní suplementace L-argininem nebo L-citrulinu by zlepšila výkon plavců na 200 m a 100 m volný způsob. Po základní studii (první návštěva) ve dvojitě zaslepeném randomizovaném výzkumném designu. Výzkumný soubor byl tvořen 15 plavci nebo triatlonisty (z toho bylo 5 žen). Výzkumný soubor (n=15) byl rozdělen do tří skupin a podstoupili 8denní suplementační období s denní dávkou buď 8 g L-argininu (Arg, n = 5) nebo L-citrulinu (Cit, n = 5) nebo placebo (Pla, n = 5). 9. den účastníci dokončili experimentální pokus (druhá návštěva). V každém pokusu, po odběru krve, účastníci provedli oba 200 m a plavání na 100 m volný způsob časovky, s 30minutovou regenerací mezi zkouškami. Plazmatický oxid dusnatý (NOx) a koncentrace laktátu v krvi (BLa) byly shromážděny bezprostředně před a po 200 m a 100 m TT, resp. Mezi skupinami nebyl pozorován žádný významný rozdíl v NOx (p = 0,201). V časovkách na 200 m (p = 0,226) a 100 m (p = 0,993 ) nebyl zjištěn významný rozdíl mezi skupinami. Osmidenní suplementace buď L-citrulinem nebo L-argininem nezvýšila střední (200 m) a krátkodobou zátěž (100 m) v plaveckém výkonu u trénovaných/vyspělých plavců a triatlonistů. Tyto nálezy nepodporují použití suplementace L-citrulinu nebo L-argininu jako ergogenních pomůcek na plavecký výkon. The effects of L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation on exercise performance are equivocal, and the effects on swimming performance are unclear. We aimed to assess whether 8-day supplementation with L-arginine or L-citrulline supplementation would improve 200 m and 100 m freestyle swimming time-trial performances. After the baseline trial (first visit), in a double-blind, randomised design, 15 trained/developmental (5 females) swimmers and triathletes were assigned to three groups and underwent an 8-day supplementation period, with a daily dose of either 8 gr L-arginine (Arg, n = 5) or L-citrulline (Cit, n = 5) or placebo (Pla, n = 5). On day 9, participants completed experimental trial (second visit). In each trial, after blood sampling, participants performed both 200 m and 100 m freestyle swimming time-trials, with 30 min recovery between trials. Plasma nitric oxide (NOx) and blood lactate concentrations (BLa) were collected immediately before and after 200 m and 100 m TTs, respectively. No significant difference was observed in NOx between groups (p = 0.201). There was no significant difference in 200 m (p = 0.226) and 100 m swimming time-trials (p = 0.993 ) between groups. There was a main effect of time on BLa concentration (p < 0.001 ), but no trial × group (p = 0.243) and trial × lactate × group interaction effect (p = 0.276) was present. Furthermore, 8-day either L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation did not enhance middle (200 m) and short- distance (100 m) swimming performance in trained/developmental swimmers and triathletes. These findings do not support the use of L-citrulline or L-arginine supplementation as ergogenic aids for swimming performance.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. High Dose of Caffeine Mouth Rinse Increases Resistance Training Performance in Men
- Author
-
Angela Sánchez-Gómez, Raci Karayigit, Fatih Gür, Ulas Can Yildirim, Mitat Koz, Alireza Naderi, Raúl Domínguez, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Motricidad Humana y Rendimiento Deportivo
- Subjects
Male ,Mouthwashes ,Bench press ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Heart Rate ,Mouth rinse ,Exercise performance ,TX341-641 ,Cross-Over Studies ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,mouthwash ,Physical Functional Performance ,Healthy Volunteers ,Muscular endurance ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Strength ,strength ,Caffeine ,Adult ,Carbohydrate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Dose ,Physical Exertion ,Running Performance ,Activation ,supplement ,Placebo ,Article ,muscular endurance ,Young Adult ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Humans ,Muscle Strength ,Ergogenic aids ,Mouthwash ,cardiovascular diseases ,ergogenic aids ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,business.industry ,Resistance training ,Resistance Training ,chemistry ,Physical Endurance ,business ,Supplement ,Food Science - Abstract
Caffeine mouth rinsing (CMR) has been shown to enhance exercise performance. However, no studies have analyzed the effects of different dosages of CMR on muscular performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different dosages of CMR on strength (bench press 1 repetition maximum (1-RM)) and muscular endurance (60% of 1-RM repetitions to failure) in resistance-trained males. Fourteen resistance-trained males (age: 23 ± 2 years, height: 179 ± 3 cm, body mass: 83 ± 4 kg, BMI: 17 ± 2 kg/m2) completed four conditions in random order. The four conditions consisted of a mouth rinse with 25 mL solutions containing either 1% (250 mg) of CMR (low dose of CMR: LCMR), 2% (500 mg) of CMR (moderate dose of CMR: MCMR), 3% (750 mg) of CMR (high dose of CMR: HCMR) and sweetened water (placebo: PLA) for 5 s prior to a bench press strength and muscular endurance test. Maximal strength, muscular endurance, heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were recorded for each condition. There were no significant differences in strength (p = 0.30) and HR (p = 0.83) between conditions. HCMR significantly increased muscular endurance performance (p = 0.01) and decreased RPE values (p = 0.01). In conclusion, CMR did not affect bench press 1-RM strength performance, but muscular endurance responses to CMR seems to be dose-dependent.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse on intermittent sprint performance in soccer players
- Author
-
Mitat Koz, Raci Karayigit, Hakan Karabiyik, Gülfem Ersöz, and Burak Çağlar Yaşli
- Subjects
Rating of perceived exertion ,business.industry ,Football,mouth wash,cycling,oral receptors,ergogenic aid ,General Medicine ,Carbohydrate ,Placebo ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Sprint ,Health Care Sciences and Services ,Endurance training ,Anesthesia ,Mouth rinse ,Heart rate ,Medicine ,Power output ,Futbol,bisiklet,ağız reseptörleri,ağız çalkalama,ergojenik yardım ,Sağlık Bilimleri ve Hizmetleri ,business ,human activities - Abstract
Aim: Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsingin the oral cavity has been shown to increase especially endurance exerciseperformance. Mechanisms responsible for this ergogenic effect may be related toreceptors in oral cavity that detect CHO, in turn, increase neural drive to themotor unite. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of CHO mouthrinsing on intermittent sprint performance in soccer players.Materialand Method: Withrandomised, double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced research design, fifteenamateur male soccer players (Mean±SD age:20.00±2.44 years, height:177.66±4.80cm, body mass:75.02±6.42 kg) completed 3 sessions consisting of 12x4 secondsintermittent sprint tests with administering 10-second mouth rinse protocolsbefore each sprint; a-) %6.4 carbohydrate solution (CHO) b-) water as a placebo (PLA) and 3-) no rinseas a control (CON). At rest, immediately after test and in active and passiverecevory periods, blood glucose (BG), blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) andrating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed.Results: Compared withthe CON condition, CHO and PLA increased significantly peak and mean poweroutput (P0.05)but HR were significantly different in CON than CHO and PLA. Morover, RPE wassignificantly different in CON than PLA but not than CHO.Conclusion: CHO mouth rinsing does not improve peak and mean power whencompared to PLA, but as a nocebo effect, CHO and PLA improve peak and meanpower output with regard to CON., Amaç: Ağız boşluğunda karbonhidratın (CHO) çalkalanması özellikledayanıklılık performansında artışlar yaratmaktadır. Bu ergojenik etkidensorumlu mekanizmalar CHO'yu algılayan ağız boşluğundaki reseptörlerle ilişkiliolabilir, dolayısıyla motor ünite sinir uyarımını artırabilir. Bu çalışmanınamacı CHO ağızda çalkalamanın futbolcularda aralıklı sprint performansı üzerineetkilerini araştırmaktır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Randomize, çift kör, çapraz döngülü, karşılıklı dengeliaraştırma dizaynı ile, 15 amatör futbolcu (Ortalama±SD yaş: 20,00±2,44 yıl, boyuzunluğu: 177,66±4,80 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 75,02±6,42 kg) toplamda 3 kez, 12x4saniyelik aralıklı sprintlerden oluşan protokolü her sprintten önce [a-) %6,4karbonhidrat solüsyonu (CHO) b-) plasebo olarak su (PLA) ve c-) kontrol olarakçalkalama yapmadan (CON)] 10 saniye ağızda çalkalayarak tamamladı. Dinlenimde,testten hemen sonra, aktif ve pasif toparlanmada kan glikozu (GL), kan laktatı(BL), kalp atımı (HR) ve algılanan zorluk derecesi (RPE) kayıt edildi.Bulgular: CON ile kıyaslandığında, CHO ve PLA zirve ve ortalama güçverilerinde anlamlı artışlar vardı ancak CHO ve PLA arasında herhangi bir farkbulunamadı. BL ve BG değerlerinde koşullar arasında fark bulunamazken(P>0.05) HR değerleri CHO ve PLA'ya göre CON koşulunda anlamlı derecedefarklıydı. Ayrıca, RPE CON koşulunda PLA'dan anlamlı derecede fark bulunduancak CHO koşulu ile bir fark bulunamadı.Sonuç: CHO ağızda çalkalama, PLA ile kıyaslandığında zirve ve ortalama gücü geliştirmez ancak birnosebo etkisi olarak, CHO ve PLA CON'a göre zirve ve ortalama gücü geliştirir.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Effect of Repeated Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing on Female's Sprint Power Output
- Author
-
Burak Çağlar Yaşli, Göktuğ Ertetik, Hakan Karabiyik, Raci Karayigit, Mitat Koz, and Gülfem Ersöz
- Subjects
Rating of perceived exertion ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Carbohydrate ,Placebo ,Animal science ,Endocrinology ,Sprint ,Internal medicine ,Statistical significance ,Mouth rinse ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Power output ,business - Abstract
Rinsing of carbohydrate in the oral cavity has been shown to improve performance especially in endurance type activities. The exact mechanism responsible for this ergogenic effect remains unestablished but it is speculated that related to carbohydrate receptors in oral cavity which increase neural drive. A randomised double-blind crossover counterbalanced study design was used to examine the effects of repeated carbohydrate mouth rinsing (%6.4 maltodextrine) on physically active female’s 30-s sprint power output on a cycle ergometer. Fifteen physically active female (age 20.87 ± 2 years) completed the following 10-second mouth rinse trials; a-) %6.4 carbohydrate solution (Cho) b-) water as a placebo (PLA). Repeated mouth rinsing was carried out with 8x25 ml doses of the flavour matched solutions at 30-s intervals during 5 minutes warm up. Immediately after the last rinsing, participants cycled 30-second maximal sprint on a cycle ergometer. Peak Power and Mean Power output were obtained via cycle ergometer software, blood glucose (BG), blood lactate (BL), heart rate (HR) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at rest, immediately after test and several time points in active and passive recovery period were assessed. Compared with the PLA trials, Cho didn’t significantly increase peak and mean power output (P>0,05). As for RPE, BG, BL and HR parameters, there wasn’t statistical significance between trials though.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. The Effects of Carbohydrate and Caffeine Mouth Rinse on Upper Body Muscular Strength and Endurance
- Author
-
Raci Karayigit and Gülfem Ersöz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Upper body ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,Carbohydrate ,Physical strength ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Mouth rinse ,medicine ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Caffeine ,business - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. The effect of physical activity on body composition and blood lipids after sleeve gastrectomy surgery in adult obese women – A one year longitudinal study
- Author
-
Ulas Can Yıldırım, Oktay Banlı, Mehmet Gülü, Monira I. Aldhahi, Fatma Hilal Yağın, Server Sıla Yıldırım, Azize Bingöl-Diedhiou, Yaşar Çoruh, Ayten Altunsaray, and Raci Karayiğit
- Subjects
Body composition ,blood lipids ,obesity ,physical activity ,sedentary lifestyle ,Sports ,GV557-1198.995 - Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem that is increasing in prevalence and poses significant risks to the health of individuals. In recent years, bariatric surgery, especially sleeve gastrectomy, has become a widely adopted approach in the treatment of obesity. However, the role of post-operative physical activity, especially in women, has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study is to compare the body composition and blood lipid levels of adult obese women who do physical activity and those who do not for a year after bariatric surgery. Twenty-one women (PA group / non-PA group) participants with a sedentary lifestyle and a body mass index above 35 were included in the study. The PA group performed regular aerobic exercises, while the non-PA group maintained a sedentary lifestyle. Measurements were made in both groups preoperatively, at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. The results showed that physical activity has a significant effect on body composition. Regarding blood lipid levels, physical activity contributed to significantly improvements in cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels over the 12-month period. However, no significant relationship was found between physical activity and high-density lipoprotein levels. In summary, this study highlights the beneficial effects of physical activity on body composition and some blood lipid parameters in women after sleeve gastrectomy.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.