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Introduction: Benzene is one of the pollutants in the shoe home industry that can cause cancer among the workers. The present research aimed to analyze the relationship between exposure to benzene and spmA (s-phenylmercapturic Acid) in the urine of shoe-making home industry workers in Surabaya. Methods: This was an observational study using an analytical research method where the total number of respondents in the sample was 10. The concentration of benzene was measured using Gas Chromatography-FID (Flame Ionization Detector). The data collection technique was descriptive analysis for each variable from among the worker's characteristics. The analysis of the relationship between the level of spmA in their urine and the worker's characteristics was performed using regression tests while the analysis of the relationship between the level of benzene in the air and the levels of workers' spmA was performed using the Spearman correlation test. Results: The benzene I levels in the work environment were found to be between 0.06 ppm - 53.8 ppm. The average spmA was 6.68 μg/g creatinine. The p value of the relationship between the variable levels of benzene and the levels of spmA was 0.879 with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.056. Conclusion: The mean concentration of benzene in the air at the 6 point uptake was over the threshold. Based on the results of the spmA examination, the mean value of spmA was below the threshold value. The test results on the level of benzene in the air and the spmA indicate a very weak relationship.

Introduction: Radiation is the process of introducing energy that has a detrimental effect. If radiation hits the human body, radiation can ionize. If radiation penetrates body tissues, it can cause ionization and generate free radicals. Glutathione is one form of antioxidant-rich intake. Purpose: To determine the effect glutathione intake on the detoxification of free radicals from ionizing radiation. Methods: The inclusion criteria used are the population of rats, clinical trials, articles published between 2012 and 2022 and English. While the exclusion criteria used are title, abstract, free access and full text. Data sources are from PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Literature review writing starts from September 2022. Results: Based on a literature review conducted on 5 articles, it was found that total data using keywords the effect of free radical detoxification from ionizing radiation (n= 104) data focused on glutathione intake (n=96), searched based on exclusion criteria (n=44), search based on inclusion criteria (n=7), number of articles synthesized and analyzed (5). Conclusions: There is a direct effect of glutathione intake on the detoxification of free radicals from ionizing radiation. There is limited evidence so further research is needed on the effect of glutathione intake on free radical detoxification by testing the levels of free radicals and antioxidants in cells.