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Introduction and importance Bronchial arterial racemose hemangioma is considered to be a type of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). We encountered an extremely rare case of racemose hemangioma, which was identified because of massive bleeding during lung cancer surgery. Case presentation A 71-year-old man was suspected of having lung cancer and underwent a right upper lobectomy. During the dissection of the peribronchial connective tissue around the upper lobe bronchus, a sudden massive hemorrhage occurred after separation of the pulmonary artery and vein. Hemostasis was difficult to achieve with compression hemostasis and the point of bleeding was unknown; thus, we were called in to search for the source of the bleeding, which was identified as the bronchial artery. Postoperatively, a racemose hemangioma was diagnosed via preoperative chest computed tomography and imaging analysis with the Ziostation2® (Ziosoft Inc. Tokyo, Japan). Clinical discussion Racemose hemangioma has weaker blood vessel walls than normal blood vessels. Once bleeding occurs, it is very difficult to stop. However, once the bleeding point was identified, hemostasis via suturing and cutting was possible. Conclusion As hemorrhaging from a racemose hemangioma is very difficult to stop, preoperative imaging retrieval is very important., Highlights • We encountered an extremely rare case of racemose hemangioma. • This was identified because of massive bleeding during lung cancer surgery. • Hemorrhaging from a racemose hemangioma is very difficult to stop. • Preoperative imaging retrieval is very important.

Racemose haemangiomatosis of the retina is a sporadic, mostly unilateral, congenital arteriovenous malformation (AVM), comprising abnormal junctions between arteries and veins that omit capillaries. Typically, vascular malformations are asymptomatic and incidentally discovered. Advanced changes may be related to the presence of subretinal fluid and exudates, even though these lesions are classified as benign. Many complications can lead to severe or permanent visual impairment. Direct methods of treatment of primary retinal vascular anomalies have not been developed yet. The aim of this case report is to present the anti-VEGF therapy in the treatment macular oedema secondary to racemose haemangioma.

Racemose haegiomas of the retina are rare developmental anomalies. The basic lesion is an abnormal arterio-venous communication. Three new cases with long term follow-up are presented. In two of the cases the first symptom was loss of vision due to retinal and vitreous haemorrhage. In the third case gradual reduction of vision was due to vascular leakage into the macular area. The recent literature is reviewed and the association to midbrain haemangiomas discussed. The ophthalmological differential diagnosis, the prognosis and the present status in treatment is presented.

BACKGROUND Racemose hemangioma of the retina is a benign arteriovenous communication that can occur as an isolated solitary lesion or as a component of the Wyburn-Mason syndrome. We report a case of a patient with an Archer's type 2 arteriovenous malformation that spontaneously regressed. METHODS A retrospective clinical chart review. RESULTS A 20-year-old woman was diagnosed with racemose hemangioma, Archer's type 2 on her right eye, after a retinal arteriovenous communication located at 6 o'clock was found. She was followed-up for more than 10 years in our service, always remaining asymptomatic. After this time, spontaneous vascular regression and fibrosis was noticed. CONCLUSION Racemose hemangiomas are usually stationary lesions, but spontaneous asymptomatic regression can occur.

A 54-year-old male presented with haemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography revealed a bent, meandering and dilated bronchial artery with vascular hyperplasia in multiple locations. The patient was diagnosed as having primary racemose haemangioma of the bronchial artery. Using a microcatheter, TorconNB (5 Fr) and Progreat (2.7 Fr), selective gelfoam embolization of the descending branch of the right bronchial artery was performed using the double catheter method. This approach would allow effective treatment of the haemorrhage and avoid spinal cord injury.

Two cases of iris racemose haemangioma are described. We described clinical features, angiographic and ultrasonic characteristics of the tumor. We presume that racemose haemangioma can lead to cataract. Phaco surgery was uncomplicated.

BACKGROUND: The racemose - or arteriovenous - haemangioma of the retina is a rare developmental anomaly. It can be associated with similar vascular anomalies in other regions of the central nervous system (Wyburn-Mason syndrome). HISTORY AND SIGNS: We report a 24-year-old woman with a chronic headache from our outpatient clinic. Other than a white tortuous strand in the retina of the right eye, which resembled a filarium at first glance, no pathologies were found. Its ends were located at the optic disc forming a sling-shaped lesion extending to the anterior nasal periphery. Partial filling was shown by fluorescence angiography. An MRI of the neurocranium detected no additional vascular abnormalities. THERAPY AND OUTCOME: So far our patient has not suffered from any visual complaints and she will be followed up yearly. CONCLUSIONS: We show an unusual presentation of a retinal racemose haemangioma. Diagnosis of this entity should prompt further examinations to exclude any additional haemangiomas with respect to the Wyburn-Mason syndrome.

Racemose haemangioma of the retina is a rare, usually unilateral developmental abnormality: an arteriovenous communication with variable alterations in capillary and arteriolar networks. Herein a case of a 57-year-old man with a vitreous and subretinal haemorrhage in the left eye is described.