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1. Baryon Number Violation

Author

Babu, K. S., Kearns, E., Al-Binni, U., Banerjee, S., Baxter, D. V., Berezhiani, Z., Bergevin, M., Bhattacharya, S., Brice, S., Brock, R., Burgess, T. W., Castellanos, L., Chattopadhyay, S., Chen, M-C., Church, E., Coppola, C. E., Cowen, D. F., Cowsik, R., Crabtree, J. A., Davoudiasl, H., Dermisek, R., Dolgov, A., Dutta, B., Dvali, G., Ferguson, P., Perez, P. Fileviez, Gabriel, T., Gal, A., Gallmeier, F., Ganezer, K. S., Gogoladze, I., Golubeva, E. S., Graves, V. B., Greene, G., Handler, T., Hartfiel, B., Hawari, A., Heilbronn, L., Hill, J., Jaffe, D., Johnson, C., Jung, C. K., Kamyshkov, Y., Kerbikov, B., Kopeliovich, B. Z., Kopeliovich, V. B., Korsch, W., Lachenmaier, T., Langacker, P., Liu, C-Y., Marciano, W. J., Mocko, M., Mohapatra, R. N., Mokhov, N., Muhrer, G., Mumm, P., Nath, P., Obayashi, Y., Okun, L., Pati, J. C., Pattie Jr., R. W., Phillips II, D. G., Quigg, C., Raaf, J. L., Raby, S., Ramberg, E., Ray, A., Roy, A., Ruggles, A., Sarkar, U., Saunders, A., Serebrov, A., Shafi, Q., Shimizu, H., Shiozawa, M., Shrock, R., Sikdar, A. K., Snow, W. M., Soha, A., Spanier, S., Stavenga, G. C., Striganov, S., Svoboda, R., Tang, Z., Tavartkiladze, Z., Townsend, L., Tulin, S., Vainshtein, A., Van Kooten, R., Wagner, C. E. M., Wang, Z., Wehring, B., Wilson, R. J., Wise, M., Yokoyama, M., and Young, A. R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

This report, prepared for the Community Planning Study - Snowmass 2013 - summarizes the theoretical motivations and the experimental efforts to search for baryon number violation, focussing on nucleon decay and neutron-antineutron oscillations. Present and future nucleon decay search experiments using large underground detectors, as well as planned neutron-antineutron oscillation search experiments with free neutron beams are highlighted., Comment: Report of the Community Summer Study (Snowmass 2013), Intensity Frontier -- Baryon Number Violation Group

Published
2013

2. Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier

Author

Hewett, J. L., Weerts, H., Brock, R., Butler, J. N., Casey, B. C. K., Collar, J., de Gouvea, A., Essig, R., Grossman, Y., Haxton, W., Jaros, J. A., Jung, C. K., Lu, Z. T., Pitts, K., Ligeti, Z., Patterson, J. R., Ramsey-Musolf, M., Ritchie, J. L., Roodman, A., Scholberg, K., Wagner, C. E. M., Zeller, G. P., Aefsky, S., Afanasev, A., Agashe, K., Albright, C., Alonso, J., Ankenbrandt, C., Aoki, M., Arguelles, C. A., Arkani-Hamed, N., Armendariz, J. R., Armendariz-Picon, C., Diaz, E. Arrieta, Asaadi, J., Asner, D. M., Babu, K. S., Bailey, K., Baker, O., Balantekin, B., Baller, B., Bass, M., Batell, B., Beacham, J., Behr, J., Berger, N., Bergevin, M., Berman, E., Bernstein, R., Bevan, A. J., Bishai, M., Blanke, M., Blessing, S., Blondel, A., Blum, T., Bock, G., Bodek, A., Bonvicini, G., Bossi, F., Boyce, J., Breedon, R., Breidenbach, M., Brice, S. J., Briere, R. A., Brodsky, S., Bromberg, C., Bross, A., Browder, T. E., Bryman, D. A., Buckley, M., Burnstein, R., Caden, E., Campana, P., Carlini, R., Carosi, G., Castromonte, C., Cenci, R., Chakaberia, I., Chen, M. C., Cheng, C. H., Choudhary, B., Christ, N. H., Christensen, E., Christy, M. E., Chupp, T. E., Church, E., Cline, D. B., Coan, T. E., Coloma, P., Comfort, J., Coney, L., Cooper, J., Cooper, R. J., Cowan, R., Cowen, D. F., Cronin-Hennessy, D., Datta, A., Davies, G. S., Demarteau, M., DeMille, D. P., Denig, A., Dermisek, R., Deshpande, A., Dewey, M. S., Dharmapalan, R., Dhooghe, J., Dietrich, M. R., Diwan, M., Djurcic, Z., Dobbs, S., Duraisamy, M., Dutta, B., Duyang, H., Dwyer, D. A., Eads, M., Echenard, B., Elliott, S. R., Escobar, C., Fajans, J., Farooq, S., Faroughy, C., Fast, J. E., Feinberg, B., Felde, J., Feldman, G., Fierlinger, P., Perez, P. Fileviez, Filippone, B., Fisher, P., Flemming, B. T., Flood, K. T., Forty, R., Frank, M. J., Freyberger, A., Friedland, A., Gandhi, R., Ganezer, K. S., Garcia, A., Garcia, F. G., Gardner, S., Garrison, L., Gasparian, A., Geer, S., Gehman, V. M., Gershon, T., Gilchriese, M., Ginsberg, C., Gogoladze, I., Gonderinger, M., Goodman, M., Gould, H., Graham, M., Graham, P. W., Gran, R., Grange, J., Gratta, G., Green, J. P., Greenlee, H., Group, R. C., Guardincerri, E., Gudkov, V., Guenette, R., Haas, A., Hahn, A., Han, T., Handler, T., Hardy, J. C., Harnik, R., Harris, D. A., Harris, F. A., Harris, P. G., Hartnett, J., He, B., Heckel, B. R., Heeger, K. M., Henderson, S., Hertzog, D., Hill, R., Hinds, E. A, Hitlin, D. G., Holt, R. J., Holtkamp, N., Horton-Smith, G., Huber, P., Huelsnitz, W., Imber, J., Irastorza, I., Jaeckel, J., Jaegle, I., James, C., Jawahery, A., Jensen, D., Jessop, C. P., Jones, B., Jostlein, H., Junk, T., Kagan, A. L., Kalita, M., Kamyshkov, Y., Kaplan, D. M., Karagiorgi, G., Karle, A., Katori, T., Kayser, B., Kephart, R., Kettell, S., Kim, Y. K., Kirby, M., Kirch, K., Klein, J., Kneller, J., Kobach, A., Kohl, M., Kopp, J., Kordosky, M., Korsch, W., Kourbanis, I., Krisch, A. D., Krizan, P., Kronfeld, A. S., Kulkarni, S., Kumar, K. S., Kuno, Y., Kutter, T., Lachenmaier, T., Lamm, M., Lancaster, J., Lancaster, M., Lane, C., Lang, K., Langacker, P., Lazarevic, S., Le, T., Lee, K., Lesko, K. T., Li, Y., Lindgren, M., Lindner, A., Link, J., Lissauer, D., Littenberg, L. S., Littlejohn, B., Liu, C. Y., Loinaz, W., Lorenzon, W., Louis, W. C., Lozier, J., Ludovici, L., Lueking, L., Lunardini, C., MacFarlane, D. B., Machado, P. A. N., Mackenzie, P. B., Maloney, J., Marciano, W. J., Marsh, W., Marshak, M., Martin, J. W., Mauger, C., McFarland, K. S., McGrew, C., McLaughlin, G., McKeen, D., McKeown, R., Meadows, B. T., Mehdiyev, R., Melconian, D., Merkel, H., Messier, M., Miller, J. P., Mills, G., Minamisono, U. K., Mishra, S. R., Mocioiu, I., Sher, S. Moed, Mohapatra, R. N., Monreal, B., Moore, C. D., Morfin, J. G., Mousseau, J., Moustakas, L. A., Mueller, G., Mueller, P., Muether, M., Mumm, H. P., Munger, C., Murayama, H., Nath, P., Naviliat-Cuncin, O., Nelson, J. K., Neuffer, D., Nico, J. S., Norman, A., Nygren, D., Obayashi, Y., O'Connor, T. P., Okada, Y., Olsen, J., Orozco, L., Orrell, J. L., Osta, J., Pahlka, B., Paley, J., Papadimitriou, V., Papucci, M., Parke, S., Parker, R. H., Parsa, Z., Partyka, K., Patch, A., Pati, J. C., Patterson, R. B., Pavlovic, Z., Paz, G., Perdue, G. N., Perevalov, D., Perez, G., Petti, R., Pettus, W., Piepke, A., Pivovaroff, M., Plunkett, R., Polly, C. C., Pospelov, M., Povey, R., Prakesh, A., Purohit, M. V., Raby, S., Raaf, J. L., Rajendran, R., Rajendran, S., Rameika, G., Ramsey, R., Rashed, A., Ratcliff, B. N., Rebel, B., Redondo, J., Reimer, P., Reitzner, D., Ringer, F., Ringwald, A., Riordan, S., Roberts, B. L., Roberts, D. A., Robertson, R., Robicheaux, F., Rominsky, M., Roser, R., Rosner, J. L., Rott, C., Rubin, P., Saito, N., Sanchez, M., Sarkar, S., Schellman, H., Schmidt, B., Schmitt, M., Schmitz, D. W., Schneps, J., Schopper, A., Schuster, P., Schwartz, A. J., Schwarz, M., Seeman, J., Semertzidis, Y. K., Seth, K. K., Shafi, Q., Shanahan, P., Sharma, R., Sharpe, S. R., Shiozawa, M., Shiltsev, V., Sigurdson, K., Sikivie, P., Singh, J., Sivers, D., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, N., Sobczyk, J., Sobel, H., Soderberg, M., Song, Y. H., Soni, A., Souder, P., Sousa, A., Spitz, J., Stancari, M., Stavenga, G. C., Steffen, J. H., Stepanyan, S., Stoeckinger, D., Stone, S., Strait, J., Strassler, M., Sulai, I. A., Sundrum, R., Svoboda, R., Szczerbinska, B., Szelc, A., Takeuchi, T., Tanedo, P., Taneja, S., Tang, J., Tanner, D. B., Tayloe, R., Taylor, I., Thomas, J., Thorn, C., Tian, X., Tice, B. G., Tobar, M., Tolich, N., Toro, N., Towner, I. S., Tsai, Y., Tschirhart, R., Tunnell, C. D., Tzanov, M., Upadhye, A., Urheim, J., Vahsen, S., Vainshtein, A., Valencia, E., Van de Water, R. G., Van de Water, R. S., Velasco, M., Vogel, J., Vogel, P., Vogelsang, W., Wah, Y. W., Walker, D., Weiner, N., Weltman, A., Wendell, R., Wester, W., Wetstein, M., White, C., Whitehead, L., Whitmore, J., Widmann, E., Wiedemann, G., Wilkerson, J., Wilkinson, G., Wilson, P., Wilson, R. J., Winter, W., Wise, M. B., Wodin, J., Wojcicki, S., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wongjirad, T., Worcester, E., Wurtele, J., Xin, T., Xu, J., Yamanaka, T., Yamazaki, Y., Yavin, I., Yeck, J., Yeh, M., Yokoyama, M., Yoo, J., Young, A., Zimmerman, E., Zioutas, K., Zisman, M., Zupan, J., and Zwaska, R.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The Proceedings of the 2011 workshop on Fundamental Physics at the Intensity Frontier. Science opportunities at the intensity frontier are identified and described in the areas of heavy quarks, charged leptons, neutrinos, proton decay, new light weakly-coupled particles, and nucleons, nuclei, and atoms., Comment: 229 pages

Published
2012

4. DUSEL Theory White Paper

Author

Raby, S., Walker, T., Babu, K. S., Baer, H., Balantekin, A. B., Barger, V., Berezhiani, Z., de Gouvea, A., Dermisek, R., Dolgov, A., Perez, P. Fileviez, Gabadadze, G., Gal, A., Gondolo, P., Haxton, W., Kamyshkov, Y., Kayser, B., Kearns, E., Kopeliovich, B., Lande, K., Marfatia, D., Mohapatra, R. N., Nath, P., Nomura, Y., Olive, K. A., Pati, J., Profumo, S., Shrock, R., Tavartkiladze, Z., Whisnant, K., and Wolfenstein, L.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Astrophysics
Abstract

The NSF has chosen the site for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL) to be in Lead, South Dakota. In fact, the state of South Dakota has already stepped up to the plate and contributed its own funding for the proposed lab, see http://www.sanfordlaboratoryathomestake.org/index.html. The final decision by NSF for funding the Initial Suite of Experiments for DUSEL will be made early in 2009. At that time the NSF Science Board must make a decision. Of order 200 experimentalists have already expressed an interest in performing experiments at DUSEL. In order to assess the interest of the theoretical community, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics (CCAPP) at The Ohio State University (OSU) organized a 3-day DUSEL Theory Workshop in Columbus, Ohio from April 4 - 6, 2008. The workshop focused on the scientific case for six proposed experiments for DUSEL: long baseline neutrino oscillations, proton decay, dark matter, astrophysical neutrinos, neutrinoless double beta decay and N-Nbar oscillations. The outcome of this workshop is the DUSEL Theory White paper addressing the scientific case at a level which may be useful in the decision making process for policy makers at the NSF and in the U.S. Congress. In order to assess the physics interest in the DUSEL project we have posted the DUSEL Theory White paper on the following CCAPP link http://ccapp.osu.edu/whitepaper.html . Please read the white paper and, if you are interested, use the link to show your support by co-signing the white paper., Comment: In order to assess the physics interest in the DUSEL project we have posted the DUSEL Theory White paper on the following CCAPP link (http://ccapp.osu.edu/whitepaper.html). Please read the white paper and, if you are interested, use the link to show your support by co- signing the white paper

Published
2008

5. Can String Theory Predict the Weinberg Angle?

Author

Raby, S. and Wingerter, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Theory, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We investigate whether the hypercharge assignments in the Standard Model can be interpreted as a hint at Grand Unification in the context of heterotic string theory. To this end, we introduce a general method to calculate U(1)_Y for any heterotic orbifold and compare our findings to the cases where hypercharge arises from a GUT. Surprisingly, in the overwhelming majority of 3-2 Standard Models, a non-anomalous hypercharge direction can be defined, for which the spectrum is vector-like. For these models, we calculate sin^2 theta to see how well it agrees with the standard GUT value. We find that 12% have sin^2 theta = 3/8, while all others have values which are less. Finally, 89% of the models with sin^2 theta = 3/8 have U(1)_Y in SU(5)., Comment: 35 pages, 6 figures

Published
2007
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6. SO(10) SUSY GUT for Fermion Masses : Lepton Flavor and CP Violation

Author

Dermisek, R., Harada, M., and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We discuss the results of a global $\chi^2$ analysis of a simple SO(10) SUSY GUT with $D_3$ family symmetry and low energy R parity. The model describes fermion mass matrices with 14 parameters and gives excellent fits to 20 observable masses and mixing angles in both quark and lepton sectors, giving 6 predictions. Bi-large neutrino mixing is obtained with hierarchical quark and lepton Yukawa matrices; thus avoiding the possibility of large lepton flavor violation. The model naturally predicts small 1-3 neutrino mixing, with $\sin \theta_{13} \simeq 0.05 - 0.06$. In this paper we evaluate the predictions for the lepton flavor violating processes, $\mu \to e \gamma$, $\tau \to \mu \gamma$ and $\tau \to e \gamma$ and also the electric dipole moment of the electron, $d_e$, muon and tau, assuming universal squark and slepton masses, $m_{16}$, and a universal soft SUSY breaking A parameter, $A_0$, at the GUT scale. We find $Br(\mu \to e \gamma)$ is naturally below present bounds, but may be observable by MEG. Similarly, $d_e$ is below present bounds; but is within the range of future experiments. We also give predictions for the light Higgs mass (using FeynHiggs). We find an upper bound given by $m_h \leq 127$ GeV, with an estimated $\pm 3$ GeV theoretical uncertainty. Finally we present predictions for SUSY particle masses in the favored region of parameter space., Comment: 25 pages, 18 figures, several typos in captions of tables 2 and 3 corrected, acknowledgments added

Published
2006
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7. Dark Matter And $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ With Minimal $SO_{10}$ Soft SUSY Breaking II

Author

Dermisek, R., Raby, S., Roszkowski, L., and de Austri, R. Ruiz

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We update and extend to larger masses our previous analysis of the MSSM with minimal $SO_{10}$ [MSO$_{10}$SM] soft SUSY breaking boundary conditions. We find a well--defined, narrow region of parameter space which provides the observed relic density of dark matter, in a domain selected to fit precision electroweak data, including top, bottom and tau masses. The model is highly constrained which allows us to make several predictions. We find the light Higgs mass $m_h \leq 121 \pm 3$ GeV and also upper bounds on the mass of the gluino $\mgluino\lsim3.1$ TeV and lightest neutralino $\mchi\lsim450$ GeV. As the CP odd Higgs mass $m_A$ increases, the region of parameter space consistent with WMAP data is forced to larger values of $M_{1/2}$ and smaller values of $m_h$. Hence, we find an upper bound $m_A \lsim 1.3$ TeV. This in turn leads to lower bounds on ${\rm BR}(B_s\to \mu^+ \mu^-) > 10^{-8}$ (assuming minimal flavor violation) and on the dark matter spin independent detection cross section $\sigsip > 10^{-9}$ pb. Finally, we extend our previous analysis to include WIMP signals in indirect detection and find prospects for WIMP detection generally much less promising than in direct WIMP searches., Comment: 24 pages

Published
2005
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8. Dark Matter And $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ With Minimal $SO_{10}$ Soft SUSY Breaking

Author

Dermisek, R., Raby, S., Roszkowski, L., and de Austri, R. Ruiz

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

CMSSM boundary conditions are usually used when calculating cosmological dark matter densities. In this paper we calculate the cosmological density of dark matter in the MSSM using minimal $SO_{10}$ soft SUSY breaking boundary conditions. These boundary conditions incorporate several attractive features: they are consistent with $SO_{10}$ Yukawa unification, they result in a "natural" inverted scalar mass hierarchy and they reduce the dimension 5 operator contribution to the proton decay rate. With regards to dark matter, on the other hand, this is to a large extent an unexplored territory with large squark and slepton masses $m_{16}$, large $A_0$ and small $ \{\mu, M_{1/2} \} $. We find that in most regions of parameter space the cosmological density of dark matter is considerably less than required by the data. However there is a well--defined, narrow region of parameter space which provides the observed relic density of dark matter, as well as a good fit to precision electroweak data, including top, bottom and tau masses, and acceptable bounds on the branching fraction of $B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$. We present predictions for Higgs and SUSY spectra, the dark matter detection cross section and the branching ratio ${\rm BR}(B_s\to \mu^+ \mu^-)$ in this region of parameter space., Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures

Published
2003
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9. Yukawa Unification in SO(10)

Author

Blazek, T., Dermisek, R., and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In simple SO(10) SUSY GUTs the top, bottom and tau Yukawa couplings unify at the GUT scale. A naive renormalization group analysis, neglecting weak scale threshold corrections, leads to moderate agreement with the low energy data. However it is known that intrinsically large threshold corrections proportional to $\tan\beta \sim m_t(M_Z)/m_b(M_Z) \sim 50$ can nullify these $t, b$, $\tau$ mass predictions. In this paper we turn the argument around. Instead of predicting fermion masses, we use the constraint of Yukawa unification and the observed values $M_t, m_b(m_b), M_\tau$ to constrain SUSY parameter space. We find a narrow region survives for $\mu > 0$ with $\mu, M_{1/2} << m_{16}$, $A_0 \approx - 1.9 m_{16}$ and $m_{16} > 1200$ \gev. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses. In particular we find a light higgs with mass $m_h^0 = 114 \pm 5 \pm 3$ GeV and a light stop with $(m_{\tilde t_1})_{MIN} \sim 450$ GeV and $m_{\tilde t_1} << m_{\tilde b_1}$. In addition, we find a light chargino and a neutralino LSP. It is also significant that in this region of parameter space the SUSY contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_\mu^{SUSY} < 16 \times 10^{-10}$., Comment: 30 pages, 20 figures, revised version to be published in Phys. Rev. D

Published
2002
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10. Predictions for Higgs and SUSY spectra from SO(10) Yukawa Unification with mu > 0

Author

Blazek, T., Dermisek, R., and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We use $t, b, \tau$ Yukawa unification to constrain SUSY parameter space. We find a narrow region survives for $\mu > 0$ (suggested by \bsgam and the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon) with $A_0 \sim - 1.9 m_{16}$, $m_{10} \sim 1.4 m_{16}$, $m_{16} \sim 1200 -3000$ \gev and $\mu, M_{1/2} \sim 100 - 500$ \gev. Demanding Yukawa unification thus makes definite predictions for Higgs and sparticle masses., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, revised version to be published in PRL

Published
2001
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11. Discrete r symmetries for the mssm and its singlet extensions

Author

Lee, HM, Raby, S, Ratz, M, Ross, GG, Schieren, R, Schmidt-Hoberg, K, and Vaudrevange, PKS

Subjects
MSSM, Discrete R symmetries, Anomaly free symmetries, GUTs, Proton decay, mu problem, CP problem, NMSSM, String realization, Heterotic orbifold, μ problem, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We determine the anomaly free discrete R symmetries, consistent with the MSSM, that commute with SU(5) and suppress the μ parameter and nucleon decay. We show that the order M of such Z{double-struck}MR symmetries has to divide 24 and identify 5 viable symmetries. The simplest possibility is a Z{double-struck}4R symmetry which commutes with SO(10). We present a string-derived model with this Z{double-struck}4R symmetry and the exact MSSM spectrum below the GUT scale; in this model Z{double-struck}4R originates from the Lorentz symmetry of compactified dimensions. We extend the discussion to include the singlet extensions of the MSSM and find Z{double-struck}4R and Z{double-struck}8Rare the only possible symmetries capable of solving the μ problem in the NMSSM. We also show that a singlet extension of the MSSM based on a Z{double-struck}24Rsymmetry can provide a simultaneous solution to the μ and strong CP problem with the axion coupling in the favoured window. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2011

12. String-derived MSSM vacua with residual R symmetries

Author

Kappl, R, Petersen, B, Raby, S, Ratz, M, Schieren, R, and Vaudrevange, PKS

Subjects
Heterotic string, String phenomenology, MSSM, Discrete symmetry, Mathematical Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

Recently it was shown that there is a unique Z4R symmetry for the MSSM which allows for the Yukawa couplings and dimension five neutrino mass operator, forbids the μ term and commutes with SO(10). This Z4R symmetry contains matter parity as a subgroup and forbids dimension four and five proton decay operators. We show how to construct string vacua with discrete R symmetries in general and this symmetry in particular, and present an explicit example which exhibits the exact MSSM spectrum, the Z4R symmetry as well as other desired features such as gauge-top unification. We introduce the Hilbert basis method for determining all D-flat configurations and efficient algorithms for identifying field configurations with a desired residual symmetry. These methods are used in an explicit example, in which we describe in detail how to construct a supersymmetric vacuum configuration with the phenomenologically attractive Z4R symmetry. At the perturbative level, this is a supersymmetric Minkowski vacuum in which almost all singlet fields (moduli) are fixed. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2011

13. A unique Z4R symmetry for the MSSM

Author

Lee, HM, Raby, S, Ratz, M, Ross, GG, Schieren, R, Schmidt-Hoberg, K, and Vaudrevange, PKS

Subjects
MSSM, Discrete anomalies, R-symmetries, Z(4)(R), Heterotic string, Z4R, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

We consider the possible anomaly free Abelian discrete symmetries of the MSSM that forbid the μ-term at perturbative order. Allowing for anomaly cancellation via the Green-Schwarz mechanism we identify discrete R-symmetries as the only possibility and prove that there is a unique Z4R symmetry that commutes with SO(10). We argue that non-perturbative effects will generate a μ-term of electroweak order thus solving the μ-problem. The non-perturbative effects break the Z4R symmetry leaving an exact Z2 matter parity. As a result dimension four baryon- and lepton-number violating operators are absent while, at the non-perturbative level, dimension five baryon- and lepton-number violating operators get induced but are highly suppressed so that the nucleon decay rate is well within present bounds. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2011

14. Neutrino Oscillations in an SO(10) SUSY GUT with U(2)xU(1)$^n$ Family Symmetry

Author

Blazek, T., Raby, S., and Tobe, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In a previous paper we analyzed fermion masses (focusing on neutrino masses and mixing angles) in an SO(10) SUSY GUT with U(2)$\timesU(1)^n$ family symmetry. The model is "natural" containing all operators in the Lagrangian consistent with the states and their charges. With minimal family symmetry breaking vevs the model is also predictive giving a unique solution to atmospheric (with maximal $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ mixing) and solar (with SMA MSW $\nu_e \to \nu_s$ mixing) neutrino oscillations. In this paper we analyze the case of general family breaking vevs. We now find several new solutions for three, four and five neutrinos. For three neutrinos we now obtain SMA MSW, LMA MSW or vacuum oscillation solutions for solar neutrinos. In all three cases the atmospheric data is described by maximal $\nu_\mu \to \nu_\tau$ mixing. In the four and five neutrino cases, in addition to fitting atmospheric and solar data as before, we are now able to fit LSND data. All this is obtained with the additional parameters coming from the family symmetry breaking vevs; providing only minor changes in the charged fermion fits., Comment: 49 pages, 11 figures, added preprint number

Published
1999
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15. Fermion Masses and Neutrino Oscillations in SO(10) SUSY GUT with D_3 x U(1) Family Symmetry

Author

Dermisek, R. and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

Discrete nonabelian gauge symmetries appear to be the most advantageous candidates for a family symmetry. We present a predictive SO(10) SUSY GUT model with $D_3 \times U(1)$ family symmetry (D_3 is the dihedral group of order 6). The hierarchy in fermion masses is generated by the family symmetry breaking $D_3 \times U(1) \to Z_N \to $ nothing. This model fits the low energy data in the charged fermion sector quite well and naturally provides large angle $\nu_{\mu}$-$\nu_{\tau}$ mixing describing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data and small angle $\nu_e$-$\nu_s$ mixing consistent with the small mixing angle MSW solution to the solar neutrino data. In addition, the non-abelian family symmetry D_3 is sufficient to suppress large flavor violations., Comment: 24 pages, 2 figures, added a footnote and an acknowledgement

Published
1999
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16. Neutrino Oscillations in a Predictive SUSY GUT

Author

Blazek, T., Raby, S., and Tobe, K.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In this letter we present a predictive SO(10) SUSY GUT with flavor symmetry U(2) \times U(1) which has several nice features. We are able to fit fermion masses and mixing angles, including recent neutrino data, with 9 parameters in the charged fermion sector and 4 in the neutrino sector. The flavor symmetry plays a preeminent role -- (i) The model is "natural" -- we include all terms allowed by the symmetry. It restricts the number of arbitrary parameters and enforces many zeros in the effective mass matrices. (ii) Flavor symmetry breaking from U(2) \times U(1) \to U(1) \to nothing generates the family hierarchy. It also constrains squark and slepton mass matrices, thus ameliorating flavor violation resulting from squark and slepton loop contributions. (iii) Finally, it naturally gives large angle $\nu_\mu - \nu_\tau$ mixing describing atmospheric neutrino oscillation data and small angle $\nu_e - \nu_{s}$ mixing consistent with the small mixing angle MSW solution to solar neutrino data.

Published
1999
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17. Precision gauge unification in the MSSM

Author

Raby, S, Ratz, M, and Schmidt-Hoberg, K

Subjects
Supersymmetry, Grand unification, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

We discuss the issue of precision gauge unification in the MSSM. We find that a comparably light gluino, as it emerges in certain patterns of soft supersymmetry breaking, can be a key ingredient for ensuring precision gauge unification without relying on the presence of extra particles around the scale of grand unification. In particular, the so-called mirage pattern for gaugino masses can naturally lead to precision gauge unification. There is also an interesting correlation with reduced fine-tuning, due to rather light gluinos. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2010

18. DUSEL Theory White Paper

Author

Raby, S, Walker, T, Babu, KS, Baer, H, Balantekin, AB, Barger, V, Berezhiani, Z, Gouvea, A de, Dermisek, R, Dolgov, A, Perez, P Fileviez, Gabadadze, G, Gal, A, Gondolo, P, Haxton, W, Kamyshkov, Y, Kayser, B, Kearns, E, Kopeliovich, B, Lande, K, Marfatia, D, Mohapatra, RN, Nath, P, Nomura, Y, Olive, KA, Pati, J, Profumo, S, Shrock, R, Tavartkiladze, Z, Whisnant, K, and Wolfenstein, L

Subjects
hep-ph, astro-ph
Abstract

The NSF has chosen the site for the Deep Underground Science and EngineeringLaboratory (DUSEL) to be in Lead, South Dakota. In fact, the state of SouthDakota has already stepped up to the plate and contributed its own funding forthe proposed lab, see http://www.sanfordlaboratoryathomestake.org/index.html.The final decision by NSF for funding the Initial Suite of Experiments forDUSEL will be made early in 2009. At that time the NSF Science Board must makea decision. Of order 200 experimentalists have already expressed an interest inperforming experiments at DUSEL. In order to assess the interest of thetheoretical community, the Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics(CCAPP) at The Ohio State University (OSU) organized a 3-day DUSEL TheoryWorkshop in Columbus, Ohio from April 4 - 6, 2008. The workshop focused on thescientific case for six proposed experiments for DUSEL: long baseline neutrinooscillations, proton decay, dark matter, astrophysical neutrinos, neutrinolessdouble beta decay and N-Nbar oscillations. The outcome of this workshop is the DUSEL Theory White paper addressing thescientific case at a level which may be useful in the decision making processfor policy makers at the NSF and in the U.S. Congress. In order to assess thephysics interest in the DUSEL project we have posted the DUSEL Theory Whitepaper on the following CCAPP link http://ccapp.osu.edu/whitepaper.html . Pleaseread the white paper and, if you are interested, use the link to show yoursupport by co-signing the white paper.

Published
2008

19. Heterotic road to the MSSM with R parity

Author

Lebedev, O, Nilles, HP, Raby, S, Ramos-Sánchez, S, Ratz, M, Vaudrevange, PKS, and Wingerter, A

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

In a previous paper, referred to as a "Mini-Landscape" search, we explored a "fertile patch" of the heterotic landscape based on a Z6-II orbifold with SO(10) and E6 local grand unified theory structures. In the present paper we extend this analysis. We find many models with the minimal supersymmetric standard model spectra and an exact R parity. In all of these models, the vectorlike exotics decouple along D-flat directions. We present two benchmark models which satisfy many of the constraints of a realistic supersymmetric model, including nontrivial Yukawa matrices for three families of quarks and leptons and Majorana masses for right-handed neutrinos with nontrivial seesaw masses for the three light neutrinos. In an appendix we comment on the important issue of string selection rules and, in particular, the so-called "gamma-rule". © 2008 The American Physical Society.

Published
2008

20. Gauge-mediated SUSY Breaking with a Gluino LSP

Author

Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

In gauge-mediated SUSY breaking models, messengers transmit SUSY breaking from a partially hidden sector to the standard model sector via common standard model gauge interactions. The minimal set of messengers has quantum numbers of a $5 + \bar 5$ of SU(5); identical to the quantum numbers of the minimal Higgs sector of an SU(5) GUT. We show in a simple model with messenger masses of order the GUT scale that Higgs - messenger mixing quite naturally leads to a low energy MSSM with gluinos as the lightest supersymmetric particles [LSP]. We study the phenomenological consequences of such a model., Comment: 8 pages, Latex, minor revision

Published
1997
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21. Minimal SO(10) Unification

Author

Barr, S. M. and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

It is shown that the doublet-triplet splitting problem can be solved in SO(10) using the Dimopoulos-Wilczek mechanism with a very economical Higgs content and simple structure. Only one adjoint Higgs field is required, together with spinor and vector fields. The successful SUSY GUT prediction of gauge coupling unification is preserved. Higgsino-mediated proton decay can be suppressed below (but not far below) present limits without fine-tuning., Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX. Discussion at end of section 3 of stability of gauge hierarchy and higher-dimension operators has been substantially revised and extended. Minor modification of model, with certain coefficients replaced by VEVs of singlet fields. N.B. Changed author list

Published
1997
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22. Stringy origin of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries

Author

Kobayashi, T, Nilles, HP, Plöger, F, Raby, S, and Ratz, M

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We study the origin of non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries in superstring theory. We classify all possible non-Abelian discrete flavor symmetries which can appear in heterotic orbifold models. These symmetries include D4 and Δ (54). We find that the symmetries of the couplings are always larger than the symmetries of the compact space. This is because they are a consequence of the geometry of the orbifold combined with the space group selection rules of the string. We also study possible breaking patterns. Our analysis yields a simple geometric understanding of the realization of non-Abelian flavor symmetries. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

23. A mini-landscape of exact MSSM spectra in heterotic orbifolds

Author

Lebedev, O, Nilles, HP, Raby, S, Ramos-Sánchez, S, Ratz, M, Vaudrevange, PKS, and Wingerter, A

Subjects
Nuclear & Particles Physics, Mathematical Physics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

We explore a "fertile patch" of the heterotic landscape based on a Z6 -II orbifold with SO(10) and E6 local GUT structures. We search for models allowing for the exact MSSM spectrum. Our result is that of order 100 out of a total 3 × 104 inequivalent models satisfy this requirement. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2007

24. Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories and Global Fits to Low Energy Data

Author

Blazek, T. and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We present a self-consistent $\chi^2$ analysis of several supersymmetric (SUSY) grand unified theories recently discussed in the literature. We obtain global fits to low energy data, including gauge couplings, fermion masses and mixing angles, gauge boson masses and $BR(b\rightarrow s\gamma)$. One of the models studied provides an excellent fit to the low energy data with $\chi^2\sim 1$ for 3 degrees of freedom, in a large region of the experimentally allowed SUSY parameter space. We also discuss the consequences of our work for a general MSSM analysis at the $Z$ scale., Comment: 6 pages, Latex, 2 figures included

Published
1996
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25. Unified Theories with U(2) Flavor Symmetry

Author

Barbieri, R., Hall, L. J., Raby, S., and Romanino, A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A general operator expansion is presented for quark and lepton mass matrices in unified theories based on a U(2) flavor symmetry, with breaking parameter of order $V_{cb} \approx m_s/m_b \approx \sqrt{m_c/m_t}$. While solving the supersymmetric flavor-changing problem, a general form for the Yukawa couplings follows, leading to 9 relations among the fermion masses and mixings, 5 of which are precise. The combination of grand unified and U(2) symmetries provides a symmetry understanding for the anomalously small values of $m_u/m_c$ and $m_c/m_t$. A fit to the fermion mass data leads to a prediction for the angles of the CKM unitarity triangle, which will allow a significant test of these unified U(2) theories. A particular SO(10) model provides a simple realization of the general operator expansion. The lighter generation masses and the non-trivial structure of the CKM matrix are generated from the exchange of a single U(2) doublet of heavy vector generations. This model suggests that CP is spontaneously broken at the unification scale --- in which case there is a further reduction in the number of free parameters., Comment: 31 pages, 3 .eps figures included

Published
1996
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26. Fermion Masses, Mixing Angles and Supersymmetric SO(10) Unification

Author

Carena, M., Dimopoulos, S., Raby, S., and Wagner, C. E. M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We reanalyse the problem of fermion masses in supersymmetric SO(10) grand unified models. In the minimal model, both low energy Higgs doublets belong to the same {\bf{10}} representation of SO(10) implying the unification not only of the gauge but also of the third generation Yukawa couplings. These models predict large values of $\tan\beta \sim 50$. In this paper we study the effects of departing from the minimal conditions in order to see if we can find models with a reduced value of $\tan\beta$. In order to maintain predictability, however, we try to do this with the addition of only one new parameter. We still assume that the fermion masses arise from interactions of the spinor representations with a single ${\bf 10}$ representation, but this ${\bf 10}$ now only contains a part of the two light Higgs doublets. This enables us to introduce one new parameter $\omega=\lambda_b/\lambda_t$. For values of $\omega \ll 1$ we can in principle reduce the value of $\tan\beta$. In fact, $\omega$ is an overall factor which multiplies the down quark and charged lepton Yukawa matrices. Thus the theory is still highly constrained. We show that the first generation quark masses and the CP-violation parameter $\epsilon_K$ yield strong constraints on the phenomenologically allowed models. In the end, we find that large values of $\tan\beta$ are still preferred., Comment: 15 pages, latex, 6 uuencoded figures

Published
1995
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27. A Complete Supersymmetric SO(10) Model

Author

Hall, L. J. and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A complete supersymmetric SO(10) model is constructed, which is the most general consistent with certain $R$, discrete, and $U(1)$ flavor symmetries. The desired vacuum of the theory has vevs which lie in particular directions of group space. This leads to both doublet triplet splitting and to the generation of just four operators for charged fermion masses. The model illustrates how many features of superunification become related in the context of a complete theory. The features discussed here include: the weak mixing angle prediction, the doublet-triplet splitting problem, proton decay, the generation of the $\mu$ parameter, neutrino masses and the generation of the operators which lead to charged fermion mass predictions., Comment: 18 pages

Published
1995
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28. A Systematic SO(10) Operator Analysis for Fermion Masses

Author

Anderson, G., Raby, S., Dimopoulos, S., Hall, L. J., and Starkman, G.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A new approach for deducing the theory of fermion masses at the scale of grand unification is proposed. Combining SO(10) grand unification, family symmetries and supersymmetry with a systematic operator analysis, the minimal set of fermion mass operators consistent with low energy data is determined. Exploiting the full power of SO(10) to relate up, down and charged lepton mass matrices, we obtain predictions for 7 of the mass and mixing parameters. The assumptions upon which the operator search and resulting predictions are based are stressed, together with a discussion of how the predictions are affected by a relaxation of some of the assumptions.The masses of the heaviest generation, $m_t,m_b$ and $m_\tau$, are generated from a single renormalizable Yukawa interaction, while the lighter masses and the mixing angles are generated by non-renormalizable operators of the grand unified theory. The hierarchy of masses and mixing angles is thereby related to the ratio of grand to Planck scales, $M_G / M_P$. An explicit realization of the origin of such an economical pattern of operators is given in terms of a set of spontaneously broken family symmetries. In the preferred models the top quark is found to be heavy: $M_t = 180 \pm 15$ GeV, and $\tan \beta$ is predicted to be very large. Predictions are also given for $m_s, m_s/m_d , m_u/m_d, V_{cb}, V_{ub}/V_{cb}$ and the amount of CP violation. Stringent tests of these theories will be achieved by more precise measurements of $M_t, V_{cb}, \alpha_s$ and $ V_{ub}/V_{cb}$ and by measurements of CP violation in neutral B meson decays., Comment: 65 pages, 22 figures or complete manuscript available by mail. LBL-33531

Published
1993
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29. Neutrino masses and mixings in a predictive theory of fermion masses

Author

Dimopoulos, S., Hall, L. J., and Raby, S.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A framework for predicting charged fermion masses in supersymmetric grand unified theories is extended to make predictions in the neutrino sector. Eight new predictions are made, and their relevance to neutrino oscillation experiments and the solar neutrino problem are discussed., Comment: 13 pages(3 figures not included)

Published
1992
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35. Multiple organ dysfunction after trauma

Author

Cole, E, Gillespie, S, Vulliamy, P, Brohi, K, Akkad, H, Apostolidou, K, Ardley, R, Aylwin, C, Bassford, C, Bonner, S, Brooks, A, Cairns, T, Cecconi, M, Clark, F, Dempsey, G, Davies, E Denison, Docking, R, Eddlestone, J, Ellis, D, Evans, J, Galea, M, Healy, M, Horner, D, Howarth, R, Jansen, J, Jones, J, Kaye, C, Keep, J, Kerslake, D, Kilic, J, Leong, M, Martinson, V, McIldowie, B, Michael, S, Millo, J, Morgan, M, O'Leary, R, Oram, J, De Gordoa, L Ortiz-Ruiz, Porter, K, Raby, S, Service, J, Shaw, D, Smith, JD, Smith, N, Stotz, M, Thomas, E, Thomas, M, Vincent, A, Ward, G, Welters, I, ORDIT, Organ Dysfunction Trauma, Leong, M, Millo, J, and Raby, S

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Resuscitation, Time Factors, Crystalloid Solutions/therapeutic use, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Multiple Organ Failure, Multiple Organ Failure/classification, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Disease cluster, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Cluster Analysis, Humans, General, Aged, business.industry, Mortality rate, Major trauma, Organ dysfunction, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, Crystalloid Solutions, Original Articles, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Intensive care unit, Wounds and Injuries/complications, Wounds and Injuries, Surgery, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome
Abstract

Background The nature of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) after traumatic injury is evolving as resuscitation practices advance and more patients survive their injuries to reach critical care. The aim of this study was to characterize contemporary MODS subtypes in trauma critical care at a population level. Methods Adult patients admitted to major trauma centre critical care units were enrolled in this 4‐week point‐prevalence study. MODS was defined by a daily total Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of more than 5. Hierarchical clustering of SOFA scores over time was used to identify MODS subtypes. Results Some 440 patients were enrolled, of whom 245 (55·7 per cent) developed MODS. MODS carried a high mortality rate (22·0 per cent versus 0·5 per cent in those without MODS; P, As trauma practice advances, postinjury multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is changing. The aim of this study was to characterize contemporary MODS in trauma critical care. Three patterns of MODS were identified, all present on admission, with distinct clinical associations. SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Present from admission with subtypes having different patterns of recovery

Published
2019
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40. Evaluation of the effect of diagnostic methodology on the reported incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Author

Conway Morris, A., Kefala, K., Simpson, A.J., Wilkinson, T.S., Everingham, K., Kerslake, D., Raby, S., Laurenson, I.F., Swann, D.G., and Walsh, T.S.

Subjects
Ventilators -- Complications and side effects, Ventilators -- Research, Bacterial pneumonia -- Diagnosis, Bacterial pneumonia -- Development and progression, Bacterial pneumonia -- Research, Pneumonia -- Diagnosis, Pneumonia -- Development and progression, Pneumonia -- Research, Bronchoalveolar lavage -- Usage, Bronchoalveolar lavage -- Research, Antibiotics -- Dosage and administration, Antibiotics -- Research, Community-acquired infections -- Research, Health
Published
2009

41. Review of Particle Physics

Author

Eidelman, S., Hayes, K.G., Olive, K.A., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Amsler, C., Asner, D., Babu, K.S., Barnett, R.M., Beringer, J., Burchat, P.R., Carone, C.D., Caso, S., Conforto, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Doser, M., Feng, J.L., Gherghetta, T., Gibbons, L., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Groom, D.E., Gurtu, A., Hagiwara, K., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hikasa, K., Honscheid, K., Jawahery, H., Kolda, C., Kwon, Y., Mangano, M.L., Manohar, A.V., March-Russell, J., Masoni, A., Miquel, R., Mönig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Navas, S., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Piepke, A., Raffelt, G., Roos, M., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Törnqvist, N.A., Trippe, T.G., Vogel, P., Wohl, C.G., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zyla, P.A., Armstrong, B., Gee, P.S., Harper, G., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lugovsky, V.S., Rom, A., Artuso, M., Barberio, E., Battaglia, M., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Cahn, R.N., Casper, D., Cattai, A., Chivukula, R.S., Cowan, G., Damour, T., Desler, K., Dobbs, M.A., Drees, M., Edwards, A., Edwards, D.A., Elvira, V.D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Foster, B., Froidevaux, D., Fukugita, M., Gaisser, T.K., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gilman, F.J., Haber, H.E., Hagmann, C., Hewett, J., Hinchliffe, I., Hogan, C.J., Höhler, G., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J.D., Johnson, K.F., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S.R., Kleinknecht, K., Knowles, I.G., Kreitz, P., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Littenberg, L., Manley, D.M., Martin, A.D., Narain, M., Nason, P., Nir, Y., Peacock, J.A., Quinn, H.R., Raby, S., Ratcliff, B.N., Razuvaev, E.A., Renk, B., Rolandi, G., Ronan, M.T., Rosenberg, L.J., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Sanda, A.I., Sarkar, S., Schmitt, M., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W.G., Shaevitz, M.H., Sjöstrand, T., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spooner, N.J.C., Srednicki, M., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Suzuki, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Trilling, G.H., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M.G., Ward, D.R., Webber, B.R., Whalley, M., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Zenin, O.V., and Zhu, R.-Y.

Published
2004
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42. Gauge & Higgs boson summary table

Author

Eidelman, S., Hayes, K.G., Olive, K.A., Aguilar-Benitez, M., Amsler, C., Asner, D., Babu, K.S., Barnett, R.M., Beringer, J., Burchat, P.R., Carone, C.D., Caso, C., Conforto, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Doser, M., Feng, J.L., Gherghetta, T., Gibbons, L., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Groom, D.E., Gurtu, A., Hagiwara, K., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hikasa, K., Honscheid, K., Jawahery, H., Kolda, C., Kwon, Y., Mangano, M.L., Manohar, A.V., March-Russell, J., Masoni, A., Miquel, R., Mönig, K., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Navas, S., Pape, L., Patrignani, C., Piepke, A., Raffelt, G., Roos, M., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Törnqvist, N.A., Trippe, T.G., Vogel, P., Wohl, C.G., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zyla, P.A., Armstrong, B., Gee, P.S., Harper, G., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lugovsky, V.S., Rom, A., Artuso, M., Barberio, E., Battaglia, M., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Bloch, P., Cahn, R.N., Casper, D., Cattai, A., Chivukula, R.S., Cowan, G., Damour, T., Desler, K., Dobbs, M.A., Drees, M., Edwards, A., Edwards, D.A., Elvira, V.D., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Foster, B., Froidevaux, D., Fukugita, M., Gaisser, T.K., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gilman, F.J., Haber, H.E., Hagmann, C., Hewett, J., Hinchliffe, I., Hogan, C.J., Höhler, G., Igo-Kemenes, P., Jackson, J.D., Johnson, K.F., Karlen, D., Kayser, B., Kirkby, D., Klein, S.R., Kleinknecht, K., Knowles, I.G., Kreitz, P., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Lahav, O., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Littenberg, L., Manley, D.M., Martin, A.D., Narain, M., Nason, P., Nir, Y., Peacock, J.A., Quinn, H.R., Raby, S., Ratcliff, B.N., Razuvaev, E.A., Renk, B., Rolandi, G., Ronan, M.T., Rosenberg, L.J., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Sanda, A.I., Sarkar, S., Schmitt, M., Schneider, O., Scott, D., Seligman, W.G., Shaevitz, M.H., Sjöstrand, T., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spooner, N.J.C., Srednicki, M., Stahl, A., Stanev, T., Suzuki, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Trilling, G.H., Valencia, G., van Bibber, K., Vincter, M.G., Ward, D.R., Webber, B.R., Whalley, M., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Zenin, O.V., and Zhu, R.-Y.

Published
2004
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43. Review of particle physics - Particle Data Group

Author

Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D, Baer, H, Banerjee, S, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Dwyer, D, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Gruenewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Lippmann, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meissner, U, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R, Molaro, P, Monig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K, Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Petrov, V, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Wands, D, Ward, D, Wascko, M, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Wiliocq, S, Wohl, C, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Anderson, J, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Gruenewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meissner, U. -G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Monig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Griso, S. Pagan, Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Wiliocq, S., Wohl, C. C., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Anderson, J., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including new reviews on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available

Published
2016

44. Review of Particle Physics (RPP2016)

Author

PATRIGNANI, CLAUDIA, Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Banerjee, S.w., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Dwyer, D. A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A. A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernández Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Y.u. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U. G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R. E., Molaro, P., Mönig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K. A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Petrov, V. A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R. A., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A. J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S. L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R. S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Törnqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Wands, D., Ward, D. R., Wascko, M. O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C. G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yao, W. M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhu, R. Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Patrignani, C., Agashe, K., Aielli, G., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Asner, D.M., Baer, H., Banerjee, Sw., Barnett, R.M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C.W., Beatty, J.J., Belousov, V.I., Beringer, J., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M.A., Cahn, R.N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M.-C., Chivukula, R.S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B.A., D'Onofrio, M., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H.K., Dwyer, D.A., Eerola, P., Eidelman, S., Ellis, J., Erler, J., Ezhela, V.V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B.D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H.-J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Godizov, A.A., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A.V., Grojean, C., Groom, D.E., Grünewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H.E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K.G., Hebecker, A., Heltsley, B., Hernández-Rey, J.J., Hikasa, K., Hisano, J., Höcker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Hyodo, T., Irwin, K., Jackson, J.D., Johnson, K.F., Kado, M., Karliner, M., Katz, U.F., Klein, S.R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R.V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu.V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C.-J., Lippmann, C., Liss, T.M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K.S., Lugovsky, S.B., Lusiani, A., Makida, Y., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A.V., Marciano, W.J., Martin, A.D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Meißner, U.-G., Milstead, D., Mitchell, R.E., Molaro, P., Mönig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M.J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Olive, K.A., Pagan Griso, S., Parsons, J., Peacock, J.A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S.T., Petrov, V.A., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B.N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L.J., Rosner, J.L., Rybka, G., Ryutin, R.A., Sachrajda, C.T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G.P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Schwartz, A.J., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S.R., Shutt, T., Silari, M., Sjöstrand, T., Skands, P., Skwarnicki, T., Smith, J.G., Smoot, G.F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stahl, A., Stone, S.L., Sumino, Y., Sumiyoshi, T., Syphers, M.J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terashi, K., Terning, J., Thorne, R.S., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N.P., Törnqvist, N.A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., van de Water, R., Varelas, N., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M.G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S.P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C.W., Wands, D., Ward, D.R., Wascko, M.O., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D.H., Weinberg, E.J., White, M., Wiencke, L.R., Willocq, S., Wohl, C.G., Wolfenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C.L., Workman, R.L., Yao, W.-M., Zeller, G.P., Zenin, O.V., Zhu, R.-Y., Zimmermann, F., and Zyla, P.A.

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HEP, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.

Published
2016

45. Cancer immunotherapy trial registrations increase exponentially but chronic immunosuppressive glucocorticoid therapy may compromise outcomes

Author

Connell, CM, Raby, S, Beh, I, Flint, T, Williams, E, Fearon, DT, Jodrell, DI, Janowitz, T, Connell, Claire [0000-0002-6696-8415], Williams, Edward [0000-0001-9187-2258], Jodrell, Duncan [0000-0001-9360-1670], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
immunosuppression, Cancer immunotherapy, T cell checkpoint inhibitor, clinical trial, glucocorticoid, immunomodulation, health care economics and organizations
Published
2017

47. REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS Particle Data Group

Author

Olive, K, Agashe, K, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Arguin, J, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gaisser, T, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Kado, M, Karlen, D, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Molaro, P, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Sphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Olive, K, Agashe, K, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Arguin, J, Asner, D, Baer, H, Band, H, Barnett, R, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C, Beatty, J, Belousov, V, Beringer, J, Bernardi, G, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Blusk, S, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M, Cahn, R, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M, Chivukula, R, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, Degrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H, Edwards, D, Eidelman, S, Erler, J, Ezhela, V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gaisser, T, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Golwala, S, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A, Grojean, C, Groom, D, Grunewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K, Heffner, M, Heltsley, B, Hernandez-Rey, J, Hikasa, K, Hoecker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Jackson, J, Johnson, K, Junk, T, Kado, M, Karlen, D, Katz, U, Klein, S, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Y, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C, Liss, T, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K, Lugovsky, S, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A, Marciano, W, Martin, A, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Milstead, D, Molaro, P, Moenig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Pape, L, Parsons, J, Patrignani, C, Peacock, J, Pennington, M, Petcov, S, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L, Rosner, J, Rybka, G, Sachrajda, C, Sakai, Y, Salam, G, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S, Silari, M, Sjostrand, T, Skands, P, Smith, J, Smoot, G, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stah, A, Stanev, T, Stone, S, Sumiyoshi, T, Sphers, M, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terning, J, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N, Tornqvist, N, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C, Ward, D, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D, Weinberg, E, White, M, Wiencke, L, Woh, C, Wofenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C, Workman, R, Yamamoto, A, Yao, W, Zeller, G, Zenin, O, Zhang, J, Zhu, R, Zimmermann, F, Zyla, P, Harper, G, Lugovsky, V, Schaffner, P, Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., DeGrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Sachrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., and Schaffner, P.

Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters

Published
2014

48. Review of particle physics (RPP2014)

Author

Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Y.u. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Achrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., Grp, Particle Data, PATRIGNANI, CLAUDIA, Olive, K. A., Agashe, K., Amsler, C., Antonelli, M., Arguin, J. -F., Asner, D. M., Baer, H., Band, H. R., Barnett, R. M., Basaglia, T., Bauer, C. W., Beatty, J. J., Belousov, V. I., Beringer, J., Bernardi, G., Bethke, S., Bichsel, H., Biebel, O., Blucher, E., Blusk, S., Brooijmans, G., Buchmueller, O., Burkert, V., Bychkov, M. A., Cahn, R. N., Carena, M., Ceccucci, A., Cerri, A., Chakraborty, D., Chen, M. -C., Chivukula, R. S., Copic, K., Cowan, G., Dahl, O., D'Ambrosio, G., Damour, T., de Florian, D., de Gouvea, A., Degrand, T., de Jong, P., Dissertori, G., Dobrescu, B. A., Doser, M., Drees, M., Dreiner, H. K., Edwards, D. A., Eidelman, S., Erler, J., Ezhela, V. V., Fetscher, W., Fields, B. D., Foster, B., Freitas, A., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, H., Garren, L., Gerber, H. -J., Gerbier, G., Gershon, T., Gherghetta, T., Golwala, S., Goodman, M., Grab, C., Gritsan, A. V., Grojean, C., Groom, D. E., Grunewald, M., Gurtu, A., Gutsche, T., Haber, H. E., Hagiwara, K., Hanhart, C., Hashimoto, S., Hayato, Y., Hayes, K. G., Heffner, M., Heltsley, B., Hernandez-Rey, J. J., Hikasa, K., Hoecker, A., Holder, J., Holtkamp, A., Huston, J., Jackson, J. D., Johnson, K. F., Junk, T., Kado, M., Karlen, D., Katz, U. F., Klein, S. R., Klempt, E., Kowalewski, R. V., Krauss, F., Kreps, M., Krusche, B., Kuyanov, Yu. V., Kwon, Y., Lahav, O., Laiho, J., Langacker, P., Liddle, A., Ligeti, Z., Lin, C. -J., Liss, T. M., Littenberg, L., Lugovsky, K. S., Lugovsky, S. B., Maltoni, F., Mannel, T., Manohar, A. V., Marciano, W. J., Martin, A. D., Masoni, A., Matthews, J., Milstead, D., Molaro, P., Moenig, K., Moortgat, F., Mortonson, M. J., Murayama, H., Nakamura, K., Narain, M., Nason, P., Navas, S., Neubert, M., Nevski, P., Nir, Y., Pape, L., Parsons, J., Patrignani, C., Peacock, J. A., Pennington, M., Petcov, S. T., Piepke, A., Pomarol, A., Quadt, A., Raby, S., Rademacker, J., Raffelt, G., Ratcliff, B. N., Richardson, P., Ringwald, A., Roesler, S., Rolli, S., Romaniouk, A., Rosenberg, L. J., Rosner, J. L., Rybka, G., Achrajda, C. T., Sakai, Y., Salam, G. P., Sarkar, S., Sauli, F., Schneider, O., Scholberg, K., Scott, D., Sharma, V., Sharpe, S. R., Silari, M., Sjostrand, T., Skands, P., Smith, J. G., Smoot, G. F., Spanier, S., Spieler, H., Spiering, C., Stah, A., Stanev, T., Stone, S. L., Sumiyoshi, T., Sphers, M. J., Takahashi, F., Tanabashi, M., Terning, J., Tiator, L., Titov, M., Tkachenko, N. P., Tornqvist, N. A., Tovey, D., Valencia, G., Venanzoni, G., Vincter, M. G., Vogel, P., Vogt, A., Wakely, S. P., Walkowiak, W., Walter, C. W., Ward, D. R., Weiglein, G., Weinberg, D. H., Weinberg, E. J., White, M., Wiencke, L. R., Woh, C. C., Wofenstein, L., Womersley, J., Woody, C. L., Workman, R. L., Yamamoto, A., Yao, W. -M., Zeller, G. P., Zenin, O. V., Zhang, J., Zhu, R. -Y., Zimmermann, F., Zyla, P. A., Harper, G., Lugovsky, V. S., Schaffner, P., and Grp, Particle Data

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, PDG
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 Japers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on: Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters.

Published
2014

49. Review of Particle Physics, 2016-2017

Author

Patrignani, C, Agashe, K, Aielli, G, Amsler, C, Antonelli, M, Asner, D M, Baer, H, Banerjee, Sw, Barnett, R M, Basaglia, T, Bauer, C W, Beatty, J J, Belousov, V I, Beringer, J, Bethke, S, Bichsel, H, Biebel, O, Blucher, E, Brooijmans, G, Buchmueller, O, Burkert, V, Bychkov, M A, Cahn, R N, Carena, M, Ceccucci, A, Cerri, A, Chakraborty, D, Chen, M -C, Chivukula, R S, Copic, K, Cowan, G, Dahl, O, D'Ambrosio, G, Damour, T, de Florian, D, de Gouvea, A, DeGrand, T, de Jong, P, Dissertori, G, Dobrescu, B A, D'Onofrio, M, Doser, M, Drees, M, Dreiner, H K, Dwyer, D A, Eerola, P, Eidelman, S, Ellis, J, Erler, J, Ezhela, V V, Fetscher, W, Fields, B D, Foster, B, Freitas, A, Gallagher, H, Garren, L, Gerber, H -J, Gerbier, G, Gershon, T, Gherghetta, T, Godizov, A A, Goodman, M, Grab, C, Gritsan, A V, Grojean, C, Groom, D E, Grünewald, M, Gurtu, A, Gutsche, T, Haber, H E, Hagiwara, K, Hanhart, C, Hashimoto, S, Hayato, Y, Hayes, K G, Hebecker, A, Heltsley, B, Hernández-Rey, J J, Hikasa, K, Hisano, J, Höcker, A, Holder, J, Holtkamp, A, Huston, J, Hyodo, T, Irwin, K, Jackson, J D, Johnson, K F, Kado, M, Karliner, M, Katz, U F, Klein, S R, Klempt, E, Kowalewski, R V, Krauss, F, Kreps, M, Krusche, B, Kuyanov, Yu V, Kwon, Y, Lahav, O, Laiho, J, Langacker, P, Liddle, A, Ligeti, Z, Lin, C -J, Lippmann, C, Liss, T M, Littenberg, L, Lugovsky, K S, Lugovsky, S B, Lusiani, A, Makida, Y, Maltoni, F, Mannel, T, Manohar, A V, Marciano, W J, Martin, A D, Masoni, A, Matthews, J, Meißner, U -G, Milstead, D, Mitchell, R E, Molaro, P, Mönig, K, Moortgat, F, Mortonson, M J, Murayama, H, Nakamura, K, Narain, M, Nason, P, Navas, S, Neubert, M, Nevski, P, Nir, Y, Olive, K A, Pagan Griso, S, Parsons, J, Peacock, J A, Pennington, M, Petcov, S T, Petrov, V A, Piepke, A, Pomarol, A, Quadt, A, Raby, S, Rademacker, J, Raffelt, G, Ratcliff, B N, Richardson, P, Ringwald, A, Roesler, S, Rolli, S, Romaniouk, A, Rosenberg, L J, Rosner, J L, Rybka, G, Ryutin, R A, Sachrajda, C T, Sakai, Y, Salam, G P, Sarkar, S, Sauli, F, Schneider, O, Scholberg, K, Schwartz, A J, Scott, D, Sharma, V, Sharpe, S R, Shutt, T, Silari, M, Sjöstrand, T, Skands, P, Skwarnicki, T, Smith, J G, Smoot, G F, Spanier, S, Spieler, H, Spiering, C, Stahl, A, Stone, S L, Sumino, Y, Sumiyoshi, T, Syphers, M J, Takahashi, F, Tanabashi, M, Terashi, K, Terning, J, Thorne, R S, Tiator, L, Titov, M, Tkachenko, N P, Törnqvist, N A, Tovey, D, Valencia, G, van de Water, R, Varelas, N, Venanzoni, G, Vincter, M G, Vogel, P, Vogt, A, Wakely, S P, Walkowiak, W, Walter, C W, Wands, D, Ward, D R, Wascko, M O, Weiglein, G, Weinberg, D H, Weinberg, E J, White, M, Wiencke, L R, Willocq, S, Wohl, C G, Wolfenstein, L, Womersley, J, Woody, C L, Workman, R L, Yao, W -M, Zeller, G P, Zenin, O V, Zhu, R -Y, Zimmermann, F, and Zyla, P A

Subjects
High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Particle Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,062 new measurements from 721 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as supersymmetric particles, heavy bosons, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Higgs Boson Physics, Supersymmetry, Grand Unified Theories, Neutrino Mixing, Dark Energy, Dark Matter, Cosmology, Particle Detectors, Colliders, Probability and Statistics. Among the 117 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised, including those on Pentaquarks and Inflation. The complete Review is published online in a journal and on the website of the Particle Data Group (http://pdg.lbl.gov). The printed PDG Book contains the Summary Tables and all review articles but no longer includes the detailed tables from the Particle Listings. A Booklet with the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the review articles is also available.

Published
2016

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