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The emergence of Islamic Financial System (IFS) in Nigeria has generated many questions with respect to its similarities and differences with conventional finance banking system products. There were also agitations on its modes of operations, especially with a view to ascertain its purpose and whether it deviates significantly from conventional financial system. This study was conducted to look into the issues of contemporary relevance to Islamic finance products in Nigeria. It began with examination of scriptural evidences in the Bible, Qur’an and the Torah that outlaw usury. It also x-rays the similarities and differences between both Islamic and conventional financial system products. The study notes practice of IFS and its products is widespread except for its imposition of restriction on morally repugnant transactions. The study recommends its acceptance by business including individuals as well as the government in order to bring the sustainable development goals closer to realization., Conventional finance, Islamic finance, Mudarabah, Sukuk, {"references":["Adedapo, A.A., Abubakar, T., Ladan, S., Jadah, H.M., Yuqoot, E.S., Isah, S.G., Remi, S.M. (2014). Bai Salam In The Light of Contemporary Application: Issues, Challenges and Recommendation. Proceedings of Islamic Business Management Conference (IBMC), 152-158.","Adeola, H. (2009). Islamic Finance : The Answer to Financial. Inclusion in Nigeria. A Presentation at Efina Conference1–25.","Adua, S. S. (2019). Historical background of Islamic banking in Nigeria.International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences8(1), 67–74.","Ahmad, A., Rehman, K &Saif, M.I. (2010). Islamic banking experience of Pakistan: Comparison of Islamic and conventional banks. International Journal of Business Management. 5(2).","Akinsulire, O. (2014). Financial Management (special ed.). Mushin, Lagos: El-Toda Ventures Limited.","Akkizidis, I. & Khandelwal, S. (2008). Financial Risk Management for Islamic Banking and Finance. Palgarave Macmillan.","Alswaidan, M. W. (2017). An investigation of sukuk structure risk. Unpublished Phd Dissertation submitted to Depertment of Economic and Finance Unversity of Portsmouth, England.","Baber, H. (2018). How crisis-proof is Islamic finance ? A comparative study of Islamic finance and conventional finance during and post financial crisis. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRFM-12-2017-0123.","Cerovic, L. Nakolaj, S.S. & Maradin, D. (2017). Comparative Analysis Of Conventional and Islamic Banking : Importance of Market Regulation. 241–264.","Felix, C.O. (2018). Nigeria: Islamic Finance in Nigeria. Available at www.mondaq.com/Nigeria/x/757434/islamic+Finance+in+Nigeria","Hanif, M. (2011). 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(2013) Exploring Legal, Regulatory and Shari`ah Compliance Issues inIslamic Financial Instruments: Derivatives and Sukuk. Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham e-theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7349/"]}

This study focuses on examining the relationship between stock prices and earnings surprises in quoted companies of Nigeria. This study applied a longitudinal research design which studies the effect of earnings surprises on stock prices using panel data. A sample of 64 companies was chosen to study in all sectors of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The research data were obtained from secondary sources of the annual reports for the selected companies covering the period from 2013 to 2017. The measurement for earnings surprises used in the study is the residual or unexplained component of earnings persistence model commonly referred to as first-order autoregressive AR (1) regression of reported earnings. Were, the data analysis was carried out by regression using the generalised least squares technique. The regression results for positive earnings surprise shows that share prices react negatively to positive surprises with a coefficient of (-2.4109) in tandem with the return news hypothesis which suggests that positive earnings news results in a negative stock-price reaction. The negative earnings surprise results show that stock prices react positively to negative earnings surprises with a positive coefficient of (0.1136). This is in line with the premise of return news, which indicates that negative earnings news leads to a positive reaction to the share price. The study recommends that there is a need to regulate the stock market to improve the level of market efficiency in stock markets. This will improve the rate at which earnings news will be reserved at stock prices. Secondly, there is a need to improve investor confidence in the disclosed profits made by companies.

The objective of this study is to examine whether companies’ life cycle stages follow a random or sequential developmental pattern using their cash flow patterns. That is to ascertain the optimum life cycle stage of Nigerian companies. Data were obtained from the sampled firms annual reports and accounts, which comprises 79 listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) from 2009 to 2013 financial years. The cash flow patterns of the firms were thematically analysed as a proxy of developmental patterns, and transition rates between developmental stages were determined. The study reveals that Introduction firms at T0 transited quickly to the Mature stage (70% in T1 through T3), whereas Growth firms developed most rapidly into Shakeout firms (38% at T1). The Mature stage was most stable; 57–65% of firms in this stage at T0 remained so. By contrast, 60% of Decline firms remained in this stage at T1 before transiting to the Mature and Growth stages at T3 and then ultimately fading away at T4, leaving only the Introduction (20%) and Decline (20%) stages. Thus, the development of firms from one life cycle stage to another is random and not sequential. The study, therefore, recommends that Nigerian companies experience their optimum life cycle stage at the matured stage and firms should employ the use of cash flow patterns to identify their business life cycle stage as this will enable companies to apply strategies to sustain themselves at a target stage of the life cycle.

The effects of rumen fluid from cattle and goats used as inoculums to increase biogas production using cattle manure as a substrate were investigated. Approximately 100 grams of fresh cattle manure (M) was assigned to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid (R) and a distilled water (W) according to five different treatment ratios, T1 (1:1:0); T2 (1:0.75:0.25); T3 (1:0.5:0.5); T4 (1:0.25:0.75); and T5 (1:0:1) (correspond to 0; 12.5; 25, 37.5; 50 % rumen fluid, respectively). All treatments were prepared in triplicates and runs at mesophilic condition. No significant different (P>0.05) was observed when comparing the biogas produced between the two type of rumen fluid used in this study. However, significant difference was noted when comparing between hours interval in the cattle manure inoculated with rumen fluid of the cattle and also goats. Data recorded that cattle rumen fluids produced more biogas than the goats. It was established that the increase in the biogas production at certain level was in respond to the amount of rumen fluids added into the mixture. The best performance of biogas production in this study was observed if the rumen fluid used between the ranges of 0.75 to 1 that correspond to 37.5 - 50 % of rumen fluid respectively.

The effect of cattle manure collected at different time inoculated with rumen fluid of cattle on biogas production at mesophilic condition was evaluated. A laboratory experiment was carried out using 1000 ml biodigester and performed in batch operation mode. Approximately 100 grams of fresh cattle manure (M) was assigned to each biodigester and mixed with rumen fluid (R) and distilled water (W) into three different M:W:R ratio; 1:1:0; 1:0.5:0.5; and 1:0:1 respectively. All the treatments were prepared in triplicates. The pH of the slurry was recorded before and after the biogas production was determined. The biogas production was recorded at every three days interval for 24 days. The results obtained shows that the pH of the mixture before and after the biogas production provided a reading of 7.34 and 7.15. Significant different (P

This study was carried out in Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State to establish the indigenous methods for treating small ruminant animals. Simple random approach was employed through questionnaire and interviews to collect information from 60 livestock farmers. The results indicated that the use of local methods of managing and preventing ruminant diseases are indeed effective and reliable. However, it may not be as effective as the scientific method. The farmers generally preferred and had more confidence in their local methods because the materials needed are readily accessible, affordable and easy to employ. Thus, in order to promote use of veterinary services in treating livestock, farmers should be able to afford and access such treatment services like locally treated methods. The study was conducted in Jibia Local Government Area of Katsina State. The town is located on coordinates of 13 o 05"30""N, 7 o 13"35""E or 13.09167 o N, 7.22639 o E. It is located in North-Eastern part of Katsina State with Sudan savannah vegetation and rainfall of about 600-700mm per year. Farming is practiced in the area due to the presence of functional irrigation dam where animals are also reared. The town has a total area of 44km 2 , population of 169,749 and shares border with neighboring town of Maradi in Niger Republic.

Background: Computed tomography urography (CTU) is an efficient radiological examination for the evaluation of urinary system disorders. However, the procedure exposes patients to a substantial amount of radiation dose associated with increased cancer risks. Objectives: To determine computed tomography (CT) dose index following CTU and to evaluate organs equivalent doses and cancer-induced risks. Materials and Method: A prospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary health facility in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Ethical approval was sought and obtained. Patients Demographics scan parameters and CT radiation dose data were obtained from patients that had CTU procedure. Effective dose (ED), organ equivalent doses, and cancer risks were estimated using SPSS statistical software version 16 and CT dose calculator software. Results: A total of 56 consented patients were included in the study, consisting of 29 males and 27 females. Radiation dose data for CTU was estimated as follows: dose length product (2,320 mGy*cm), computed tomography dose index (9.67 mGy), and ED (34.5 mSv). The probability of cancer risks was also estimated to be 600 per a million CTU examinations. Conclusion: The study revealed that the radiation dose for CTU is considerably high with increase in cancer risks probability. Variations in ED between studies suggest that optimization is not fulfilled. Patient radiation dose estimate should be taken into consideration when imaging protocols are planned for CTU.