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This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory leverage of the aqueous and alcoholic extracts from Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) root as in inhibiting inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacterium, and fungus in vitro study. Concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 mg.ml-1 were used as aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root against selected organisms, which tested using a drilling method, adding a 0.2 ml aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Asparagus root in every per well. Also 0.2 ml of distilled water and methanol alcoholic add as control and tetracycline as an antibiotic. GC/MS test results showed that the Asparagus root extract (ARE) contains various major phytochemical compounds such as flavonoids, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides, steroid, resin, saponins, and tannins. Also, it was observed that the alcoholic ARE had a higher inhibitory effect than aqueous ARE of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest diameter of inhibition at alcoholic extract concentrations of 50, 100 and 150 (mg.ml-1) were 28, 32, 35, and 26, 31, 35 mm respectively for aqueous ARE, compared to other concentrations. Whereas the effect of the aqueous extract was higher for the Pseudomonas 17, 25 and 34 mm compared to other concentrations, except for the antibiotic, which obtained the highest value (41mm). Aqueous extract concentrations 50, 100 and 150 mg.ml-1 showed higher efficiency than alcohol extract, antibiotic and control; when used against the fungus Aspergillus niger, and pathogenic yeast Candida albicans, the retarding diameters were 14, 17 and 23, and 11, 13 and 15 mm, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of adding postbiotics produced from two species of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus acidophilus (Lap) and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (Lpp), to broiler chicken diets on their productivity, gastrointestinal microbiota count, and nutrient digestibility. Using a completely randomized design, 315 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross- 308) were randomly divided into seven groups and three replications, with fifteen unsexed chicks per replicate. The basal diet was administered without supplements (negative control) or supplemented with Tetracycline (TET) at 0.02% (positive control). The other five groups: T1, T2 (basal diet supplemented with Lap 0.25%, and Lap 0.50% respectively); T3, T4 (basal diet supplemented with Lpp 0.25%, and Lpp 0.50% respectively); T5, (basal diet supplemented with 0.25% Lap + 0.25% Lpp). Results indicated that feeding broiler chickens with postbiotics supplements (excluding T1) and a positive control (TET) resulted in significant improvements (P≤0.05) in body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, production index, and economic efficiency compared to the negative control group. Also, postbiotics supplements showed the highest level (P≤0.05) Lactobacilli count of jejunum, and the lowest level of E. coli bacteria decreased significantly (P≤0.05) in all groups compared to the negative control. Additionally, postbiotics (excluding T1) and TET treatments improved (P≤0.05) digestibility of dry matter, protein, fat, protein efficiency ratio and passage rate compared to the negative control group. The results suggest that postbiotics supplements can enhance growth performance, nutrient digestibility, protein efficiency, passage rate, and intestinal microbiota count of broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) seed powder (OSP) in diets on performance, carcass characteristics, some blood parameters, and gut microbial populations in broiler chickens. For the present experiment, 216 day old chicks were randomly divided into four groups, each group consisting three replicates of 18 chicks in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated with diet 1 as the basal diet (control), while 2, 3, and 4 were supplemented with OSP at 1, 2 and 4 %, respectively. The results revealed that the highest final live body weight, accumulative weight gain, and better feed conversion ratio was achieved in birds fed with 1 or 2 % of OSP. Feed intake and carcass characteristics were similar among groups. The highest relative weight of the spleen and cecum was observed in the control group, while the lowest value was observed in birds fed with 4% and 2% OSP, respectively. The longest length of the gastrointestinal tract was seen in 2% OSP compared to other groups. Serum cholesterol and ALT activity were decreased as compared to control diets. The group fed with 2 % OSP showed higher albumin levels compared to those fed with 1% of OSP. The population of total bacteria and Escherichia coli in jejunum digesta of OSP supplemented broiler chickens was reduced, meanwhile, there was an increased in lactic acid bacteria counts as compared to control. Therefore, 1 and 2 % okra seed powder in the diet of broiler chickens was able to improve the growth performance.

The inedible parts of nuts and stone fruits are low‐cost and lignin‐rich feedstock for more sustainable production of aromatic chemicals in comparison with the agricultural and forestry residues. However, the depolymerization performances on food‐related biomass remains unclear, owing to the broad physicochemical variations from the edible parts of the fruits and plant species. In this study, the monomer production potentials of ten major fruit and nutshell biomass were investigated with comprehensive numerical information derived from instrumental analysis, such as plant cell wall chemical compositions, syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G ratios, and contents of lignin substructure linkages (β‐O‐4, β–β, β‐5). A standardized one‐pot reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) process was applied to benchmark the monomer yields, and the results were statistically analyzed. Among all the tested biomass, mango endocarp provided the highest monolignol yields of 37.1 % per dry substrates. Positive S‐lignin (70–84 %) resulted in higher monomer yield mainly due to more cleavable β‐O‐4 linkages and less condensed C−C linkages. Strong positive relationships were identified between β‐O‐4 and S‐lignin and between β‐5 and G‐lignin. The analytical, numerical, and experimental results of this study shed lights to process design of lignin‐first biorefinery in food‐processing industries and waste management works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural and synthetic sources of lycopene on performance, carcass quality and organ morphology of Japanese quail. A total of 420 one-day-old quail chicks were randomly distributed among seven treatments. First treatments were fed a basal diet as a control. Second and third treatments were fed diet supplemented with tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum) powder (TOM) (17 and 34 g.kg-1 equal to 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 lycopene), fourth and fifth treatments were fed diet supplemented with red bell pepper (Capsicum annum L.) fruit powder (RBP) (16.23, 32.46 g.kg-1 equal to 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 lycopene), sixth and seventh treatments were fed diet supplemented with 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 pure lycopene powder (LY), respectively. Results indicated that final body weight and weight gain were improved significantly in comparison to control and T3. Feed efficiency was improved compared to control, T3 and T7. Production and economic efficiency index significantly better than control. A significant elevation (P≤0.05) in relative weight of thigh, small intestine, duodenum, cecum weight and length for T3 treatment, T7 in jejunum and ileum weight, T4 in carcass weight and gizzard, T5 in the liver compared to control. The relative weight of abdominal fat, spleen, bursa and bursa index were decreased (P≤0.05) in supplemented treatments in comparison to control. In conclusion, natural sources of LY (50 mg.kg-1) either TOM (17 g.kg-1) or RBP (16.23 g.kg-1), could be used to improve performance, production and economical efficiency index, carcass traits and some gut measurements of quails.

The in situ characterization of moon‐magnetosphere interactions at Jupiter and the mapping of moon auroral footpaths require accurate global models of the magnetospheric magnetic field. In this study, we compare the ability of two widely‐used current sheet models, Khurana‐2005 (KK2005) and Connerney‐2020 (CON2020) combined with the most recent internal magnetic field model of Jupiter (JRM33) to match representative Galileo and Juno measurements acquired at low, medium, and high latitudes. With the adjustments of the KK2005 model to JRM33, we show that in the outer and middle magnetosphere (R > 15RJ), JRM33 + KK2005 is found to be the best model to reproduce the magnetic field observations of Galileo and Juno as it accounts for local time effects. JRM33 + CON2020 gives the most accurate representation of the inner magnetosphere. This finding is drawn from comparisons with Juno in situ magnetic field measurements and confirmed by contrasting the timing of the crossings of the Io, Europa, and Ganymede flux tubes identified in the Juno particles data with the two model estimates. JRM33 + CON2020 also maps more accurately the UV auroral footpath of Io, Europa, and Ganymede observed by Juno than JRM33 + KK2005. The JRM33 + KK2005 model predicts a local time asymmetry in position of the moons' footprints, which is however not detected in Juno's UV measurements. This could indicate that local time effects on the magnetic field are marginal at the orbital locations of Io, Europa, and Ganymede. Finally, the accuracy of the models and their predictions as a function of hemisphere, local time, and longitude is explored. Key Points: We compare the ability of two current sheet models, coupled to JRM33, to reproduce a wide diversity of Galileo and Juno observationsThe CON2020 model better matches the observations in the inner magnetosphere including magnetic field measurements and UV auroral footprintsIn the outer magnetosphere, the consideration of local time effects by the KK2005 model provides a better agreement against observations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principal goal of this study was to evaluate whether dietary vitamin E and pumpkin seed oil would affect the productive, physiological and reproductive performance of Japanese quail by using 120 birds at 22 weeks of age. The birds were randomly distribution into five dietary groups 24 birds each group contain three replicated pens, as follow: First group: kept on basal diet without any addition as control group, second and third groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 150 and 200 mg/ kg vitamin E / kg of diet, fourth and fifth groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 15 and 30 ml/kg pumpkin seed oil /kg of diet respectively. The results showed a significant improvement in egg production (H.D%), egg number, egg weight and egg mass produced for the vitamin E (200mg/ kg of diet) compared with the other groups. Additionally, the results showed that vitamin E (200mg/ kg of diet) significantly increased gonads relative weight , testes development, egg characterizes and serum testosterone, estrogen, FSH and LH hormones compared with other groups. Also , the birds were fed on 15 and 30 ml seed pumpkin oil/ kg of diet were significantly increased in the most parameter compared with control group. It can be concluded that the addition of vitamin E (200 mg/kg of diet) and pumpkin seed oil (30ml of diet), had positive effects on gonads, testicular histology, egg production and serum testosterone, estrogen, FSH and LH hormones concentration.

This study was designed to investigate the effects of color light and stocking density on some traits of broilers carcass. A total of 675 Ross 308 one-day-old broiler chicks were used in this study. The chicks were exposed to white light (WL) as a control. While, the treatment light was Red light (RL), Blue light (BL), Green light (GL), and Blue – Green mix light (BGL) (produced by light-emitting diode system, LED), were applied for 24 hours daily in separated rooms. The birds were randomly housed into 9 wooden sealed pens of 1m2 in three replicates for each density 12, 15 and 18 birds/m2 in the room. The results showed that the carcass weight and dressing and breast muscle percentages were significantly increased) P< 0.05) at 35th day in broilers exposed to BGL under 12 birds/m2, while thigh muscle percentage was increased significantly) P< 0.05) in broilers reared in BL with no effect under different densities. No significant differences were observed in percentage weight of liver and gizzard however, positive effect of heart percentage was recorded in broilers reared under GL with no effect on stocking density. No significant difference of color light and stocking density on abdominal fat percentage of broilers at 35th day were observed in regard of inedible organs, on the other hand, a significant increase of bursa Fabricius (BF) percentage in broilers reared under WL with no effect of different densities. The small intestine length (cm) was differed (P< 0.05) in broilers reared under GL and 18 birds/m2, while small intestine weight (gm) was higher (P< 0.05) under BL and 12 birds/m2 . In conclusion, this study revealed no significant differences (P>0.05) in the diameter of the breast muscle fibers in broilers reared under different color lights and densities. In addition, no interaction has been found between light color and stocking density on carcass traits of broilers within all experimental groups.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding basil (Ocimum basillicum L.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita) an essential oils (EOs) to the diet on growth performance, carcass characteristics and some hemato-biochemical indices of two lines (Brown and Golden) of growing quail (Coturnix coturnix). A total of 360 chicks at one day old; 180 chicks for each of the brown and golden lines were randomly distributed over five treatments for both lines; two replicates for the treatment (18 chicks per replicate) in a (5×2) factorial arrangement. The first treatment was involved feeding a basal diet (BD) and served as a control group. The second and third treatments were involved feeding the BD supplemented with Basil essential oil (BEO) with two levels (250 and 500 mg/kg). The fourth and fifth treatments were involved feeding the BD supplemented with Peppermint essential oil (PEO) with two levels (250 and 500 mg/kg). The results indicated significantly (p≤0.05) higher final body weight and total body weight gain for dietary treatments supplemented with EOs than the control. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio were improved significantly (P≤0.05) in comparison with the control and T2 . A significant (P≤0.05) increase in carcass weight compared to the control. Inclusion of BEO and PEO with (500 mg/kg) caused a significant (P≤0.05) increase in total protein and globulin. Also, feeding with (250 mg/kg) of BEO led to an increase in the albumin level than control group. Dietary supplemented with (500 mg/kg) of PEO significantly (P≤0.05) decreased total cholesterol. Addition BEO and PEO caused a significant decrease in the total numbers of E. coli bacteria and the total numbers of fungi, meanwhile, there was a significant increase in Lactobacilli numbers compared to control and T2. Regarding the line effect, the results showed significant (P≤0.05) superiority of the brown quail line over the golden line concerning the final body weight, carcass weight, total giblets, gizzard weight, liver weight, total protein, globulin, and lactic acid bacteria numbers. While the golden line was higher significantly(P≤0.05) than the brown line in the dressing percentage, total edibles, spleen weight, total numbers of bacteria and fungi and the least number of E. coli bacteria compared to the brown line. It would have suggested that the supplementation of growing quail diets with (250 and 500 mg/kg) of basil and peppermint EOs improved productive performance and reduced total numbers of harmful bacteria and the total numbers of fungi [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the influence of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (Molm) on the haematological and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. A total of 225 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into five groups contains three replicate (15 birds/pen). Each group was fed on the one of the following experimental diets. Diet 1 was the control diet (with not supplementation). Diets 2, 3, 4 and 5 supplied with Moringa oleifera leaf meal (Molm) at a level 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%, respectively. Results showed that red blood cell increased significant (P≤0.05), while packed cell volume, white blood cell, lymphocyte (L), Hetrophil (H) and H/L ratio were similar (P≥0.05) among the groups. Haemoglobin was improved (p≤0.05) by Moringa oleifera leaf meal at 0.75 and 1.0% inclusion rate. The serum biochemical indices in birds fed Molm showed significant reductions (p≤0.05) in total protein, albumin (at 0.75 and 1%), globulin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and uric acid contents. Albumin to Globulin ratio was highest at 0.25 and 0.50% inclusion rate as compared to other groups. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) levels were decreased significantly in all treatments compared to control. Additionally, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerideslevels were increased (p≤0.05) in all treatments compared to control group. Based on the results obtained, the addition of 0.75% of Moringa oleifera leaf meal diet is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibiotics, randomly and rampantly used as growth promoters in global poultry feed industries are a cause of concern to consumer-health due to its propensity to development of antimicrobial resistance, along with other appalling health hazards. Conversely, probiotics are safe alternatives, but inadequately explored, particularly with respect to its fortification with herbs and vitamins. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of antibiotic (Amoxicillin) feed additive compared to natural feed additives comprising probiotic (yoghurt powder), phytobiotic (cinnamon) and B-vitamins loaded with different feed materials, e.g., lentil, yellow corn, and wheat bran in 210 day-old broiler (Ross 308) hatching chicks divided into seven groups, viz., (G1): basal diet (BD), (G2): BD mixed with Amoxicillin, (G3): BD mixed with yoghurt powder (YP) containing cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) and lentil (carrier), (G4): BD mixed with YP containing vitamin B-complex and lentil (carrier), (G5): BD mixed with YP containing vitamin B-complex and yellow corn (carrier), (G6): BD mixed with YP containing cinnamon and yellow corn (carrier), and (G7): BD mixed with YP containing vitamin B complex and wheat bran (carrier) in terms of body weight (g), body weight gain (g), feed consumption (g), feed conversion ratio (g feed/g gain), production index, and survivability up to five weeks. The results indicated that G5 chicks attained the highest body weight (1896 g), Weekly (1-5 weeks) gain in body weight (1857 g), Feed conversion (1-5 weeks) ratio (1.73), Production index (309.65), and survivability (98.89%), which were significantly (p=0.05) higher than the control (G1) as well as the chicks supplemented with antibiotic feed additive (G2). It is concluded that the diet complemented with probiotic YP and B-vitamins delivered through yellow corn (carrier) was the best natural feed additive for production enhancement and better survivability in broiler chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study were conduced to evaluate chemical analysis of vallisneria spiralis and Bacopa monniera and their utilizing in poultry feeding. The chemical analysis of plants revealed that vallisneria spiralis containing higher of protein% (19.36%), crude fiber (14.19%) and ash (25.17%) compared to Bacopa monniera which has high crude fat (4.06%) and Metabolizabe energy value (3004 kcal/kg). quality analysis of fat and ash excellently showed polyunsaturated fatty acid especially oleic acid and essential minerals especially trace elements. Those findings make these plants useful in poultry diets as unconventional replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]