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Hemodialysis since the 1970s has undergone major technological, organizational and conceptual changes. Objective: To assess the survival probability of patients who have entered a hemodialysis program in relation to the time of their treatment beginning. Material and methods: A retrospective non concurrent cohort study of two groups of patients admitted to hemodialysis before1995 (Group 1) and after 1995 (Group 2), matched for age, sex and etiology of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Results: We selected 179 patients in group 1 (prescription KT/V = 1.0) and 180 patients in group 2 (prescription KT/V ≥ 1. 2). There was no statistical difference in the survival of patients based on the year of admission to hemodialysis (median ± SE: 7.2 ± 2.38 years for Group 1 and median ± SE: 7.4 ± 1.49 years for Group 2). The one and five year survival was 0.87 ± 0.026 and 0.54 ± 0.047 for Group 1; and 0.86 ± 0.028 and 0.62 ± 0.051 for group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: There was no difference in survival in the two groups studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the rate and factors related to peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients treated at a hospital in Lima, Peru; a retrospective single-cohort study was conducted during the period 2014-2016. All patients diagnosed with chronic renal disease from the PD program at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital were included. The incidence rate of peritonitis was estimated and a bivariate analysis was performed to assess related factors. A total of 73 patients were included. The incidence rate of peritonitis was 0.60 episodes per patient per year; 46.7% of the cultures were positive and the most common isolated germ was S. aureus. Lower albumin and hematocrit values were found to be related to peritonitis. In this study, the incidence rate of peritonitis and negative cultures were found to be higher than the internationally estimated rate.