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The kinetic of photo catalytic degradation of Congo red dye using semiconductor in aqueous solution of ZnO has been studied. All photochemical experiments have been carried out in quartz photo cell 25ml capacity and the solvent used for all experiment was distilled water (D. W). The influence of temperature has been investigated as well. Spectrophotometric method was utilized for this work. Degradation kinetic has been done for absorption peak of Congo red at 497 nm and 344 nm. Different method was applied for this purpose, and the results show that the degradation of Congo red was first order at 497nm and zero order at 344 nm. The degradation of CR dye were increased by increasing temperature from 20 oC to 40 oC and then degreased at 50 oC and this is due to desorption that occur at the semiconductor surface while; in case of 10 oC the rate constant was higher than 20 oC. However, when changing the concentration the rate constant dose not changed regularly, this perhaps due to the fact that it does not follow the same order throughout the degradation process, and it does not obey Arrhenius law of activation energy.

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, and stability of the periodic solution for the system of nonlinear integro-differential equations by using the numerical-analytic methods for investigating the solutions and the periodic solutions of ordinary differential equations, which are given by A. Samoilenko.

photocatalytic degradation of fungicides (chlorothalonil) in suspension aqueous solution with semiconductors (tio­2, zno) and without semiconductor has been investigated. the influence of different parameters such as light sources, the concentration of fungicides, type of semiconductors and temperature were studied by uv-visible spectrophotometer at 232 and 254 nm. the degradation reaction order spectra of chlorothalonil were determined which first order at 232 nm and second order at 254 nm. in addition, the rate constant, arrhenius factor and energy of activation can be estimated for both peaks. moreover, conductivity of chlorothalonil has been recorded during the photo-degradation and the rate of reaction also has been determined that dependent on product formation.

In this paper we study the periodic solution of nonlinear system of differential equations depending on the gamma distribution by using the numerical analytic method to investigate periodic solutions of ordinary differential equation which given by Samoilenko A. M. .These investigations lead us to improving and extending this method. Also we expand the results gained by Samoilenko A. M. to change the periodic system of nonlinear differential equations to periodic system of nonlinear differential equations depending the on gamma distribution.

ABSTRACT In this study we investigate the existence and approximation of the periodic solutions for nonlinear system of differential equations of third order with boundary conditions. The numerical-analytic method has been used to study the periodic solutions of the ordinary differential equations that were introduced by Samoilenko. Also these investigation lead us to the improving and extending the above method and the results of Butris.

This research contributes to the understanding of nonlinear systems of differential equations with operators, specifically in the context of generalizing Volterra and Fredholm integral equations. The use of the Picard approximation method, Banach fixed point theorem, and stability analysis further enhances the analysis of the solutions. The examples provided help to solidify the theoretical findings and highlight their applicability. The outcomes illustrate the efficacy of these tools in envisaging and modelling complex social phenomena. To tackle multifaceted societal challenges, future research in this field should prioritize interdisciplinary collaborations. It is crucial to incorporate empirical data into nonlinear models to validate theoretical findings and enhance practical relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence, uniqueness, and stability solution to a non-linear system of integro-differential equations by using both methods Picard approximation and Banach fixed point theorem. The existence, uniqueness, and stability theorems are established under necessary and sufficient conditions of closed and bounded domain.

Investigating the heavy metals in soil is important to the life of humans and living organisms. Diyala River Lower Reaches was chosen due to the changes in environmental characteristics that took place in recent years. Twelve sediment samples were collected from four different sites. The physical, and chemical properties and the concentrations of nine heavy metals were indicated. The results showed that the average concentrations of arsenic, copper, chromium, cobalt, iron, manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc are 8.5, 45.7, 538.5, 12.2, 5.07, 991.7, 183.5, 16.07, 136.5 ppm, respectively. They reflect contamination with arsenic, chromium, and nickel, while they are free of lead, and zinc contamination, according to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) sediment quality guidelines. The measured contamination indices (the enrichment factor (EF), contamination factor (CF), degree of pollution (Cdeg), geographical accumulation index (Igeo), and pollution load index (PLI)), reflected high contamination factor for arsenic and chromium, and medium for manganese, nickel, lead, and zinc, while low for copper and cobalt. Based on all the results in all sampling sites indicate the presence of heavy element contamination in the sediments of the Diyala River Lower Reaches.

The purpose of this paper is to study the existence and uniqueness solution of new Volterra-Fredholm integrodifferential equation, by using Picard approximation method. Theorems on existence and uniqueness of solution are established under some necessary and sufficient conditions on closed and bounded domains (compact spaces). Also, these investigations lead us to the improving and extending the results of Faris and an extended the above methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein homeostasis (proteostasis) deficiency is an important contributing factor to neurological and metabolic diseases. However, how the proteostasis network orchestrates the folding and assembly of multi-subunit membrane proteins is poorly understood. Previous proteomics studies identified Hsp47 (Gene: SERPINH1), a heat shock protein in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, as the most enriched interacting chaperone for gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors. Here, we show that Hsp47 enhances the functional surface expression of GABAA receptors in rat neurons and human HEK293T cells. Furthermore, molecular mechanism study demonstrates that Hsp47 acts after BiP (Gene: HSPA5) and preferentially binds the folded conformation of GABAA receptors without inducing the unfolded protein response in HEK293T cells. Therefore, Hsp47 promotes the subunit-subunit interaction, the receptor assembly process, and the anterograde trafficking of GABAA receptors. Overexpressing Hsp47 is sufficient to correct the surface expression and function of epilepsy-associated GABAA receptor variants in HEK293T cells. Hsp47 also promotes the surface trafficking of other Cys-loop receptors, including nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and serotonin type 3 receptors in HEK293T cells. Therefore, in addition to its known function as a collagen chaperone, this work establishes that Hsp47 plays a critical and general role in the maturation of multi-subunit Cys-loop neuroreceptors.

This article presented some theorems on a novel non-linear multiple Integro-differential equations of boundary T-system. It has been studied the numerical-analytic method and Banach fixed point theorem for the existence and approximation of the solutions over considered boundary system in compact space. In this work, we demonstrate that the mention methods can be discussed and analyzed for the existence and uniqueness, of a solution for the vector system. The paper satisfies the Hölder condition.

Gene expression was regulated using different mechanisms, in genetic engineering and vectors designs there were several design strategies, the present study aims to use transcription regulatory sequences (TRS) in regulated GFP gene in non- viral vector, mammalian expression GFP vector data used to design primers for nested-PCR. The results show four types of TRS- GFP vectors have 4724, 4723, 4702 bp for TRS1, 2.3 and 4 respectively there were 3 open reading frames have 698, 794 and 536 bp, all vector elements didn’t affected by TRS insertion except restriction map of each vectors it was characterized by added a new restriction site and disappeared other restriction enzymes sites. We concluded that it can be used nested –PCR for insertion regulatory sequences in non-viral vectors for more regulation levels in genetic engineering and gene therapy designers that contributed in a new era of biotechnology field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the numerical-analytic method has been used to study the existence and approximation of the periodic solutions for the vector T-system of new nonlinear multiple integro-differential equations of mixed (Volterra-Fredholm) and (Fredholm-Volterra) types. Our main task provided sufficient conditions for investigating the family continuation theorems (numerical-analytic method and Banach fixed point theorem) in compact spaces for the existence of periodic solutions for the vector T-system of nonlinear multiple integrodifferential equations. All functions satisfies a Hölder condition (Hölder inequality) of orders α, β and γ where 0<α, β, γ<1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years scientific research has established that the nervous and immune systems have shared molecular signaling components. Proteins native to immune cells, which are also found in the brain, have neuronal functions in the nervous system where they affect synaptic plasticity, axonal regeneration, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Certain native immune molecules like major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PirB), toll-like receptor (TLR), cluster of differentiation-3 zeta (CD3ζ), CD4 co-receptor, and T-cell receptor beta (TCR-β) expression in neurons have been extensively documented. In this review, we provide our opinion and discussed the possible roles of T-cell receptor beta subunits in modulating the function of neurons in the central nervous system. Based on the previous findings of Syken and Shatz., 2003; Nishiyori et al., 2004; Rodriguez et., 1993 and Komal et., 2014; we discuss whether restrictive expression of TCR-β subunits in selected brain regions could be involved in the pathology of neurological disorders and whether their aberrant enhancement in expression may be considered as a suitable biomarker for aging or neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington’s disease (HD).

The present study was carried out to using PCR-RAPD technique to evaluation pollution in Hilla city using E. coli isolates asa contamination indicators, samples were collected from different source (river water, sewage water, waste water, tabs, lab tables, wound, patients with UTI and high vaginal swaps) then antibiotics sensitivity implemented using disc method and high resistance isolated were choosing to genotyping detection for evaluation the source of contamination, the results show that E. coli isolates were growth in UTI, wound and one isolate in HVS samples, antibiotics sensitivity show variety of resistance. Genotyping performed using five primers of RAPD. The results show that primer 1 and 5 more efficient in PCR amplification it had 138 and 94 band, respectively. The similarity index conducted using jaccard index and its divers among isolates, isolate 11 and 6 were had high differences index and appeared in a major groups in tow primers, while other isolates appeared in related groups, the mean of all similarity index of five primers show that isolated 11 was the more differences than others with low percentage of similarity. From these results, we can conclude that the source of contamination was from UTI patients that can be transfer to other habitats with high antibiotics resistance. This indicated that the health awareness must be spread in society to avoid genetic developments and habitat adaptation in bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence, uniqueness and stability of a periodic solution of integro-differential equations of second order with the operators by using the method of Samoilenko [7]. These investigations lead us to improving and extending the above method. Thus the integro-differential equations with the operators are more general and detailed than those introduced by Butris [2]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the deproteinizing effect of bromelain enzyme and compare it with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and 10% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polarized microscope. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 extracted human upper premolars were selected to be given standardized buccal and lingual class V cavities. The teeth were divided into three groups each one consisted of 20 teeth. Thirty teeth were recruited for SEM study and the other 30 for polarized microscope. Group 1: Teeth were deproteinized with Nd:YAG laser, Group 2: Teeth were deproteinized with bromelain enzyme and Group 3: Teeth were deproteinized with 10% NaOCl. Results and Conclusions: Application of bromelain enzyme has led to removing collagen network and significantly decreased the global leakage scores of the adhesive system.

There is a large sex difference in the prevalence of attention deficit disorder; yet, relatively little is known about sex differences in the development of prefrontal attention circuitry. In male rats, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors excite corticothalamic neurons in layer VI, which are thought to play an important role in attention by gating the sensitivity of thalamic neurons to incoming stimuli. These nicotinic currents in male rats are significantly larger during the first postnatal month when prefrontal circuitry is maturing. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether there are sex differences in the nicotinic currents in prefrontal layer VI neurons during development.Using whole cell recording in prefrontal brain slice, we examined the inward currents elicited by nicotinic stimulation in male and female rats and two strains of mice. We found a prominent sex difference in the currents during the first postnatal month when males had significantly greater nicotinic currents in layer VI neurons compared to females. These differences were apparent with three agonists: acetylcholine, carbachol, and nicotine. Furthermore, the developmental sex difference in nicotinic currents occurred despite male and female rodents displaying a similar pattern and proportion of layer VI neurons possessing a key nicotinic receptor subunit.This is the first illustration at a cellular level that prefrontal attention circuitry is differently affected by nicotinic receptor stimulation in males and females during development. This transient sex difference may help to define the cellular and circuit mechanisms that underlie vulnerability to attention deficit disorder.