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2. Effects of wind turbine dimensions on the collision risk of raptors: A simulation approach based on flight height distributions

Author

Schaub, Tonio, Klaassen, Raymond H.G., De Zutter, Caroline, Albert, Pascal, Bedotti, Olivier, Bourrioux, Jean-Luc, Buij, Ralph, Chadœuf, Joël, Grande, Celia, Illner, Hubertus, Isambert, Jérôme, Janssens, Kjell, Julius, Eike, Lee, Simon, Mionnet, Aymeric, Müskens, Gerard, Raab, Rainer, van Rijn, Stef, Shamoun-Baranes, Judy, Spanoghe, Geert, Van Hecke, Benoît, Waldenström, Jonas, and Millon, Alexandre

Published
2024
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3. Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale

Author

Serratosa, Juan, Oppel, Steffen, Rotics, Shay, Santangeli, Andrea, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Cano-Alonso, Luis S., Tellería, Jose Luis, Kemp, Ryno, Nicholas, Aaron, Kalvāns, Aigars, Galarza, Aitor, Franco, Aldina M.A., Andreotti, Alessandro, Kirschel, Alexander N.G., Ngari, Alex, Soutullo, Alvaro, Bermejo-Bermejo, Ana, Botha, Andre J., Ferri, Andrea, Evangelidis, Angelos, Cenerini, Anna, Stamenov, Anton, Hernández-Matías, Antonio, Aradis, Arianna, Grozdanov, Atanas P., Rodríguez, Beneharo, Şekercioğlu, Çağan H., Cerecedo-Iglesias, Catuxa, Kassara, Christina, Barboutis, Christos, Bracebridge, Claire, García-Ripollés, Clara, Kendall, Corinne J., Denac, Damijan, Schabo, Dana G., Barber, David R., Popov, Dimitar V., Dobrev, Dobromir D., Mallia, Egidio, Kmetova-Biro, Elena, Álvarez, Ernesto, Buechley, Evan R., Bragin, Evgeny A., Cordischi, Fabrizio, Zengeya, Fadzai M., Monti, Flavio, Mougeot, Francois, Tate, Gareth, Stoyanov, Georgi, Dell'Omo, Giacomo, Lucia, Giuseppe, Gradev, Gradimir, Ceccolini, Guido, Friedemann, Guilad, Bauer, Hans-Günther, Kolberg, Holger, Peshev, Hristo, Catry, Inês, Øien, Ingar J., Alanís, Isidoro Carbonell, Literák, Ivan, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ojaste, Ivar, Østnes, Jan E., de la Puente, Javier, Real, Joan, Guilherme, João L., González, José C., Fernández-García, José M., Gil, Juan Antonio, Terraube, Julien, Poprach, Karel, Aghababyan, Karen, Klein, Katharina, Bildstein, Keith L., Wolter, Kerri, Janssens, Kjell, Kittelberger, Kyle D., Thompson, Lindy J., AlJahdhami, Mansoor H., Galán, Manuel, Tobolka, Marcin, Posillico, Mario, Cipollone, Mario, Gschweng, Marion, Strazds, Māris, Boorman, Mark, Zvidzai, Mark, Acácio, Marta, Romero, Marta, Wikelski, Martin, Schmidt, Matthias, Sarà, Maurizio, McGrady, Michael J., Dagys, Mindaugas, Mackenzie, Monique L., Al Taq, Muna, Mgumba, Msafiri P., Virani, Munir Z., Kassinis, Nicolaos I., Borgianni, Nicolò, Thie, Nikki, Tsiopelas, Nikos, Anglister, Nili, Farwig, Nina, Sapir, Nir, Kleven, Oddmund, Krone, Oliver, Duriez, Olivier, Spiegel, Orr, Al Nouri, Osama, López-López, Pascual, Byholm, Patrik, Kamath, Pauline L., Mirski, Paweł, Palatitz, Peter, Serroni, Pietro, Raab, Rainer, Buij, Ralph, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Nathan, Ran, Bowie, Rauri C.K., Tsiakiris, Rigas, Hatfield, Richard Stratton, Harel, Roi, Kroglund, Rolf T., Efrat, Ron, Limiñana, Ruben, Javed, Salim, Marinković, Saša P., Rösner, Sascha, Pekarsky, Sasha, Kapila, Shiv R., Marin, Simeon A., Krejčí, Šimon, Giokas, Sinos, Tumanyan, Siranush, Turjeman, Sondra, Krüger, Sonja C., Ewing, Steven R., Stoychev, Stoycho, Nikolov, Stoyan C., Qaneer, Tareq E., Spatz, Theresa, Hadjikyriakou, Thomas G., Mueller, Thomas, Katzner, Todd E., Aarvak, Tomas, Veselovský, Tomáš, Nygård, Torgeir, Mellone, Ugo, Väli, Ülo, Sellis, Urmas, Urios, Vicente, Nemček, Vladimír, Arkumarev, Volen, Getz, Wayne M., Fiedler, Wolfgang, Van den Bossche, Willem, Lehnardt, Yael, and Jones, Victoria R.

Published
2024
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4. Enhancing monitoring and transboundary collaboration for conserving migratory species under global change: The priority case of the red kite

Author

Mattsson, Brady J., Mateo-Tomás, Patricia, Aebischer, Adrian, Rösner, Sascha, Kunz, Florian, Schöll, Eva M., Åkesson, Susanne, De Rosa, Davide, Orr-Ewing, Duncan, Bodega, David de la, Ferrer, Miguel, Gelpke, Christian, Katzenberger, Jakob, Maciorowski, Grzegorz, Mammen, Ubbo, Kolbe, Martin, Millon, Alexandre, Mionnet, Aymeric, Puente, Javier de la, Raab, Rainer, Vyhnal, Stanislav, Ceccolini, Guido, Godino, Alfonso, Crespo-Luengo, Gabriela, Sanchez-Agudo, Jose Angel, Martínez, Juan, Iglesias-Lebrija, Juan J., Ginés, Ester, Cortés, Maria, Deán, Juan I., Calmaestra, Ricardo Gómez, Dostál, Marek, Steinborn, Eike, and Viñuela, Javier

Published
2022
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7. Tracking data highlight the importance of human-induced mortality for large migratory birds at a flyway scale

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Didáctica General y Didácticas Específicas, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Serratosa, Juan, Oppel, Steffen, Rotics, Shay, Santangeli, Andrea, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Cano-Alonso, Luis S., Tellería Jorge, José Luis, Kemp, Ryno, Nicholas, Aaron, Kalvāns, Aigars, Galarza, Aitor, Franco, Aldina M.A., Andreotti, Alessandro, Kirschel, Alexander N.G., Ngari, Alex, Soutullo, Alvaro, Bermejo, Ana, Botha, Andre J., Ferri, Andrea, Evangelidis, Angelos, Cenerini, Anna, Stamenov, Anton, Hernández-Matías, Antonio, Aradis, Arianna, Grozdanov, Atanas P., Rodríguez, Beneharo, Sekercioğlu, Cağan H., Cerecedo-Iglesias, Catuxa, Kassara, Christina, Barboutis, Christos, Bracebridge, Claire, García Ripollés, Clara, Kendall, Corinne J., Denac, Damijan, Schabo, Dana G., Barber, David R., Popov, Dimitar V., Dobrev, Dobromir D., Mallia, Egidio, Kmetova-Biro, Elena, Álvarez, Ernesto, Buechley, Evan R., Bragin, Evgeny A., Cordischi, Fabrizio, Zengeya, Fadzai M., Monti, Flavio, Mougeot, François, Tate, Gareth, Stoyanov, Georgi, Dell’Omo, Giacomo, Lucia, Giuseppe, Gradev, Gradimir, Ceccolini, Guido, Friedemann, Guilad, Bauer, Hans-Günther, Kolberg, Holger, Peshev, Hristo, Catry, Inês, Øien, Ingar J., Carbonell Alanís, Isidoro, Literák, Ivan, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ojaste, Ivar, Østnes, Jan E., Puente, Javier de la, Real, Joan, Guilherme, João L., González, José C., Fernández-García, José M., Gil, Juan Antonio, Terraube, Julien, Poprach, Karel, Aghababyan, Karen, Klein, Katharina, Bildstein, Keith L., Wolter, Kerri, Janssens, Kjell, Kittelberger, Kyle D., Thompson, Lindy J., AlJahdhami, Mansoor H., Galán, Manuel, Tobolka, Marcin, Posillico, Mario, Cipollone, Mario, Gschweng, Marion, Strazds, Māris, Boorman, Mark, Zvidzai, Mark, Acácio, Marta, Romero, Marta, Wikelski, Martin, Schmidt, Matthias, Sarà, Maurizio, McGrady, Michael J., Dagys, Mindaugas, Mackenzie, Monique L., Al Taq, Muna, Mgumba, Msafiri P., Virani, Munir Z., Kassinis, Nicolaos I., Borgianni, Nicolò, Thie, Nikki, Tsiopelas, Nikos, Anglister, Nili, Farwig, Nina, Sapir, Nir, Kleven, Oddmund, Krone, Oliver, Duriez, Olivier, Spiegel, Orr, Al Nouri, Osama, López-López, Pascual, Byholm, Patrik, Kamath, Pauline L., Mirski, Paweł, Palatitz, Peter, Serroni, Pietro, Raab, Rainer, Buij, Ralph, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Nathan, Ran, Bowie, Rauri C.K., Tsiakiris, Rigas, Hatfield, Richard Stratton, Harel, Roi, Kroglund, Rolf T., Efrat, Ron, Limiñana, Rubén, Javed, Salim, Marinković, Saša P., Rösner, Sascha, Pekarsky, Sasha, Kapila, Shiv R., Marin, Simeon, Krejčí, Šimon, Giokas, Sinos, Tumanyan, Siranush, Turjeman, Sondra, Krüger, Sonja C., Ewing, Steven R., Stoychev, Stoycho, Nikolov, Stoyan C., Qaneer, Tareq E., Spatz, Theresa, Hadjikyriakou, Thomas G., Mueller, Thomas, Katzner, Todd E., Aarvak, Tomas, Veselovský, Tomáš, Nygård, Torgeir, Mellone, Ugo, Väli, Ülo, Sellis, Urmas, Urios, Vicente, Nemček, Vladimír, Arkumarev, Volen, Getz, Wayne M., Fiedler, Wolfgang, Van den Bossche, Willem, Lehnardt, Yael, Jones, Victoria R., Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Didáctica General y Didácticas Específicas, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Física Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnologías, Serratosa, Juan, Oppel, Steffen, Rotics, Shay, Santangeli, Andrea, Butchart, Stuart H.M., Cano-Alonso, Luis S., Tellería Jorge, José Luis, Kemp, Ryno, Nicholas, Aaron, Kalvāns, Aigars, Galarza, Aitor, Franco, Aldina M.A., Andreotti, Alessandro, Kirschel, Alexander N.G., Ngari, Alex, Soutullo, Alvaro, Bermejo, Ana, Botha, Andre J., Ferri, Andrea, Evangelidis, Angelos, Cenerini, Anna, Stamenov, Anton, Hernández-Matías, Antonio, Aradis, Arianna, Grozdanov, Atanas P., Rodríguez, Beneharo, Sekercioğlu, Cağan H., Cerecedo-Iglesias, Catuxa, Kassara, Christina, Barboutis, Christos, Bracebridge, Claire, García Ripollés, Clara, Kendall, Corinne J., Denac, Damijan, Schabo, Dana G., Barber, David R., Popov, Dimitar V., Dobrev, Dobromir D., Mallia, Egidio, Kmetova-Biro, Elena, Álvarez, Ernesto, Buechley, Evan R., Bragin, Evgeny A., Cordischi, Fabrizio, Zengeya, Fadzai M., Monti, Flavio, Mougeot, François, Tate, Gareth, Stoyanov, Georgi, Dell’Omo, Giacomo, Lucia, Giuseppe, Gradev, Gradimir, Ceccolini, Guido, Friedemann, Guilad, Bauer, Hans-Günther, Kolberg, Holger, Peshev, Hristo, Catry, Inês, Øien, Ingar J., Carbonell Alanís, Isidoro, Literák, Ivan, Pokrovsky, Ivan, Ojaste, Ivar, Østnes, Jan E., Puente, Javier de la, Real, Joan, Guilherme, João L., González, José C., Fernández-García, José M., Gil, Juan Antonio, Terraube, Julien, Poprach, Karel, Aghababyan, Karen, Klein, Katharina, Bildstein, Keith L., Wolter, Kerri, Janssens, Kjell, Kittelberger, Kyle D., Thompson, Lindy J., AlJahdhami, Mansoor H., Galán, Manuel, Tobolka, Marcin, Posillico, Mario, Cipollone, Mario, Gschweng, Marion, Strazds, Māris, Boorman, Mark, Zvidzai, Mark, Acácio, Marta, Romero, Marta, Wikelski, Martin, Schmidt, Matthias, Sarà, Maurizio, McGrady, Michael J., Dagys, Mindaugas, Mackenzie, Monique L., Al Taq, Muna, Mgumba, Msafiri P., Virani, Munir Z., Kassinis, Nicolaos I., Borgianni, Nicolò, Thie, Nikki, Tsiopelas, Nikos, Anglister, Nili, Farwig, Nina, Sapir, Nir, Kleven, Oddmund, Krone, Oliver, Duriez, Olivier, Spiegel, Orr, Al Nouri, Osama, López-López, Pascual, Byholm, Patrik, Kamath, Pauline L., Mirski, Paweł, Palatitz, Peter, Serroni, Pietro, Raab, Rainer, Buij, Ralph, Žydelis, Ramūnas, Nathan, Ran, Bowie, Rauri C.K., Tsiakiris, Rigas, Hatfield, Richard Stratton, Harel, Roi, Kroglund, Rolf T., Efrat, Ron, Limiñana, Rubén, Javed, Salim, Marinković, Saša P., Rösner, Sascha, Pekarsky, Sasha, Kapila, Shiv R., Marin, Simeon, Krejčí, Šimon, Giokas, Sinos, Tumanyan, Siranush, Turjeman, Sondra, Krüger, Sonja C., Ewing, Steven R., Stoychev, Stoycho, Nikolov, Stoyan C., Qaneer, Tareq E., Spatz, Theresa, Hadjikyriakou, Thomas G., Mueller, Thomas, Katzner, Todd E., Aarvak, Tomas, Veselovský, Tomáš, Nygård, Torgeir, Mellone, Ugo, Väli, Ülo, Sellis, Urmas, Urios, Vicente, Nemček, Vladimír, Arkumarev, Volen, Getz, Wayne M., Fiedler, Wolfgang, Van den Bossche, Willem, Lehnardt, Yael, and Jones, Victoria R.

Abstract

Human-induced direct mortality affects huge numbers of birds each year, threatening hundreds of species worldwide. Tracking technologies can be an important tool to investigate temporal and spatial patterns of bird mortality as well as their drivers. We compiled 1704 mortality records from tracking studies across the African-Eurasian flyway for 45 species, including raptors, storks, and cranes, covering the period from 2003 to 2021. Our results show a higher frequency of human-induced causes of mortality than natural causes across taxonomic groups, geographical areas, and age classes. Moreover, we found that the frequency of human-induced mortality remained stable over the study period. From the human-induced mortality events with a known cause (n = 637), three main causes were identified: electrocution (40.5 %), illegal killing (21.7 %), and poisoning (16.3 %). Additionally, combined energy infrastructure-related mortality (i.e., electrocution, power line collision, and wind-farm collision) represented 49 % of all human-induced mortality events. Using a random forest model, the main predictors of human-induced mortality were found to be taxonomic group, geographic location (latitude and longitude), and human footprint index value at the location of mortality. Despite conservation efforts, human drivers of bird mortality in the African-Eurasian flyway do not appear to have declined over the last 15 years for the studied group of species. Results suggest that stronger conservation actions to address these threats across the flyway can reduce their impacts on species. In particular, projected future development of energy infrastructure is a representative example where application of planning, operation, and mitigation measures can enhance bird conservation.

Published
2024

15. Soaring over open waters: horizontal winds provide lift to soaring migrants in weak thermal conditions

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Škrábal, Jan, Krejčí, Šimon, Raab, Rainer, Sebastián-González, Esther, Literák, Ivan, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ecología, Škrábal, Jan, Krejčí, Šimon, Raab, Rainer, Sebastián-González, Esther, and Literák, Ivan

Abstract

Background For soaring birds, the ability to benefit from variable airflow dynamics is crucial, especially while crossing natural barriers such as vast water bodies during migration. Soaring birds also take advantage of warm rising air, so-called thermals, that allow birds to ascend passively to higher altitudes with reduced energy costs. Although it is well known that soaring migrants generally benefit from supportive winds and thermals, the potential of uplifts and other weather factors enabling soaring behavior remains unsolved. Methods In this study, we GPS-tracked 19 Red Kites, Milvus milvus, from the Central European population that crossed the Adriatic Sea on their autumn migration. Migratory tracks were annotated with weather data (wind support, side wind, temperature difference between air and surface—proxy for thermal uplift, cloud cover, and precipitation) to assess their effect on Red Kites' decisions and soaring performance along their migration across the Adriatic Sea and land. Results Wind support affected the timing of crossing over the Adriatic Sea. We found that temperature differences and horizontal winds positively affected soaring sea movement by providing lift support in otherwise weak thermals. Furthermore, we found that the soaring patterns of tracked raptors were affected by the strength and direction of prevailing winds. Conclusion Thanks to modern GPS–GSM telemetry devices and available data from online databases, we explored the effect of different weather variables on the occurrence of soaring behavior and soaring patterns of migratory raptors. We revealed how wind affected the soaring pattern and that tracked birds could soar in weak thermals by utilizing horizontal winds, thus reducing energy costs of active flapping flight over vast water bodies.

Published
2023

16. High Variability and Dual Strategy in the Wintering Red Kites (Milvus milvus)

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, García-Macía, Jorge, Puente, Javier de la, Bermejo, Ana, Raab, Rainer, Urios, Vicente, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, García-Macía, Jorge, Puente, Javier de la, Bermejo, Ana, Raab, Rainer, and Urios, Vicente

Abstract

To develop effective conservation strategies for migratory birds, it is essential to understand the ecology of a species at each biological phase, including its wintering (or non-breeding) season. For the red kite (Milvus milvus), an endangered raptor from the Western Palearctic, its wintering ecology is little known. We tagged 44 red kites using GPS/satellite transmitters to study their non-breeding seasons in Spain. Two spatial strategies were recorded: 34 individuals (77%) spent all their wintering periods in only one area, whilst the remaining individuals (23%) moved between two main areas at least once. This strategy, however, was not consistent over the years. In the latter case, the distance between wintering areas was 311.6 ± 134.7 km, and individuals usually spent equally long periods in each area (96 ± 35 days). No effects of age or sex were found on these area shifts, so they may have been driven by food or habitat resource availability. We also found high interindividual variability in home range sizes. The home ranges of adults were two- to three-times smaller than those of immatures, probably due to a better knowledge of the territory.

Published
2022

17. Enhancing monitoring and transboundary collaboration for conserving migratory species under global change: The priority case of the red kite

Author

Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), CSIC-UCLM - Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Mattsson, Brady J., Mateo-Tomás, Patricia, Aebischer, Adrian, Rösner, Sascha, Kunz, Florian, Schöll, Eva M., Åkesson, Susanne, De Rosa, Davide, Orr-Ewing, Duncan, Bodega, David de la, Ferrer, Miguel, Gelpke, Christian, Katzenberger, Jakob, Maciorowski, Grzegorz, Mammen, Ubbo, Kolbe, Martin, Millon, Alexandre, Mionnet, Aymeric, Puente, Javier de la, Raab, Rainer, Vyhnal, Stanislav, Ceccolini, Guido, Godino, Alfonso, Crespo-Luengo, Gabriela, Sánchez-Agudo, José Ángel, Martínez, Juan, Iglesias-Lebrija, Juan J., Ginés, Ester, Cortés, Maria, Deán, Juan I., Calmaestra, Ricardo G., Dostál, Marek, Steinborn, Eike, Viñuela, Javier, Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico (España), CSIC-UCLM - Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC), Universidad de Castilla La Mancha, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Mattsson, Brady J., Mateo-Tomás, Patricia, Aebischer, Adrian, Rösner, Sascha, Kunz, Florian, Schöll, Eva M., Åkesson, Susanne, De Rosa, Davide, Orr-Ewing, Duncan, Bodega, David de la, Ferrer, Miguel, Gelpke, Christian, Katzenberger, Jakob, Maciorowski, Grzegorz, Mammen, Ubbo, Kolbe, Martin, Millon, Alexandre, Mionnet, Aymeric, Puente, Javier de la, Raab, Rainer, Vyhnal, Stanislav, Ceccolini, Guido, Godino, Alfonso, Crespo-Luengo, Gabriela, Sánchez-Agudo, José Ángel, Martínez, Juan, Iglesias-Lebrija, Juan J., Ginés, Ester, Cortés, Maria, Deán, Juan I., Calmaestra, Ricardo G., Dostál, Marek, Steinborn, Eike, and Viñuela, Javier

Abstract

Calls for urgent action to conserve biodiversity under global change are increasing, and conservation of migratory species in this context poses special challenges. In the last two decades the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS) has provided a framework for several subsidiary instruments including action plans for migratory bird species, but the effectiveness and transferability of these plans remain unclear. Such laws and policies have been credited with positive outcomes for the conservation of migratory species, but the lack of international coordination and on-ground implementation pose major challenges. While research on migratory populations has received growing attention, considerably less emphasis has been given to integrating ecological information throughout the annual cycle for examining strategies to conserve migratory species at multiple scales in the face of global change. We fill this gap through a case study examining the ecological status and conservation of a migratory raptor and facultative scavenger, the red kite (Milvus milvus), whose current breeding range is limited to Europe and is associated with agricultural landscapes and restricted to the temperate zone. Based on our review, conservation actions have been successful at recovering red kite populations within certain regions. Populations however remain depleted along the southern-most edge of the geographic range where many migratory red kites from northern strongholds overwinter. This led us to a forward-looking and integrated strategy that emphasizes international coordination involving researchers and conservation practitioners to enhance the science-policy-action interface. We identify and explore key issues for conserving the red kite under global change, including enhancing conservation actions within and outside protected areas, recovering depleted populations, accounting for climate change, and transboundary coordination in adaptive conservation

Published
2022

18. Four nesting attempts of a Great Bustard Otis tarda female in one reproductive season.

Author

Nagy, Dénes, Kurucz, Zsuzsanna, Tóth, Péter, Raab, Rainer, and Králl, Attila

Subjects
WILDLIFE conservation, CONSERVATION biology, RED fox, BIRD mortality, BIRD breeding, PREDATOR management, BIRD eggs
Abstract

A mature Great Bustard (Otis tarda) female tagged with a satellite transmitter in Dévaványa made four breeding attempts in 2019. A total of seven eggs were laid on the four occasions. None of the breeding attempts were successful, and the bird was killed by a predator, presumably a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), during the fourth breeding attempt. The four egg-laying attempts are a new experience in the reproductive biology of the species. The failure of the nestings and the death of the bird itself confirm that the conservation measures of the species, as emphasised in international and national conservation plans – controlling predators and egg predator populations, ensuring undisturbed breeding conditions – are important conservation biology actions serving for the protection of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Four nesting attempts of a Great Bustard Otis tardafemale in one reproductive season

Author

Nagy, Dénes, Kurucz, Zsuzsanna, Tóth, Péter, Raab, Rainer, and Králl, Attila

Abstract

A mature Great Bustard (Otis tarda)female tagged with a satellite transmitter in Dévaványa made four breeding attempts in 2019. A total of seven eggs were laid on the four occasions. None of the breeding attempts were successful, and the bird was killed by a predator, presumably a Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes), during the fourth breeding attempt. The four egg-laying attempts are a new experience in the reproductive biology of the species. The failure of the nestings and the death of the bird itself confirm that the conservation measures of the species, as emphasised in international and national conservation plans – controlling predators and egg predator populations, ensuring undisturbed breeding conditions – are important conservation biology actions serving for the protection of the species.

Published
2023
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26. Seasonal differences in migration strategies of Red Kites (Milvus milvus) wintering in Spain

Author

Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, García-Macía, Jorge, Vidal-Mateo, Javier, Puente, Javier de la, Bermejo, Ana, Raab, Rainer, Urios, Vicente, Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, García-Macía, Jorge, Vidal-Mateo, Javier, Puente, Javier de la, Bermejo, Ana, Raab, Rainer, and Urios, Vicente

Abstract

Red Kite shows a great variability in its migration strategies: most individuals in north-eastern Europe are migrants, but there is also a growing number of sedentary individuals. Here, we tagged 49 Red Kites wintering in Spain with GPS/satellite transmitters between 2013 and 2020 to study the autumn and spring migration between the breeding or summering areas in Central Europe and the wintering quarters in Spain. In first place, differences between immatures and adults were found for spring migration. Adults began the spring migration towards the northeast in February–March while the immature individuals began to migrate significantly later and showing a wider date range (February-June). Adults also takes significantly less days to arrive at their destinations (12 ± 5 days) and cover more distance per day (134.2 ± 37.1 km/day) than immatures (19 ± 11 days and 98.9 ± 21.2 km/day). In second place, we also found differences between spring and autumn migration (excluding immatures). Spring migrations were clearly faster and with less stopovers days than autumn migrations. Autumn migration began between mid-October and late November and two different behaviours were observed: most birds made a quick migration direct to the wintering areas with only some days of stopovers, but others prolonged the migration with long stops along the route. These results highlight a great variation in the migratory movements of Red Kite, not only according to age but also between individuals and seasons.

Published
2021

30. Age, landscape, and arrival date explain ranging behavior of wintering red kites in southwest Europe.

Author

Panter, Connor T., Literák, Ivan, Raab, Rainer, Tolhurst, Bryony A., and White, Rachel L.

Subjects
KITES, WINTER, GLOBAL Positioning System, BIRD populations, WILDLIFE conservation, LAND cover, TELECOMMUNICATION systems
Abstract

Understanding intrinsic and extrinsic influences of movement behavior in migratory species, with the potential to recommend management actions for species of conservation concern, requires data from across the species' range. For some raptor species, such as the red kite (Milvus milvus; kite), existing data focus on breeding populations or movements en route to wintering areas without considering movements within the wintering areas. Here, we contribute to filling this knowledge gap by investigating landscape‐level associations of kites in their southwestern European winter ranges between 2015 and 2020. We also explore aspects of the migration process in terms of geographical patterns in the location of over‐wintering grounds, including time spent and distances traveled within them. We predicted that space use in over‐wintering areas would be linked to the proportional amount of open, lowland, or urban land cover they contain at the landscape level. Specifically, we tested whether winter range sizes (95% kernel density estimator [KDE] home ranges and 50% KDE core areas) would be smaller in areas with greater proportional open and urban land cover within kite ranges. Controlling for the effects of age and sex, we compared results in 3 over‐wintering regions: the Iberian Peninsula, Italy, and the Pyrenean region of southern France. We tracked 36 kites by global positioning system‐global system for mobile communications (GPS‐GSM) telemetry over 70 individual winters between 2015 and 2020. Kites wintering in the Pyrenees had larger home ranges and core areas but moved less than those wintering in Italy and the Iberian Peninsula. As predicted, ranges were smaller in areas with greater proportional open and lowland land cover; however, there was no effect of urban areas. Older kites that arrived late to the wintering areas had larger home ranges than those that arrived early or on time. During the study 20 kites died or the transmitter malfunctioned. Six of 13 confirmed deaths were due to anthropogenic activity; 5 kites were poisoned. Our results confirm that land use and elevation are key influences of kite space use in southwestern European over‐wintering populations, but additional demographic intrinsic factors also affect ranging parameters. These data indicate that over‐winter conservation action for kites, for example supplementary feeding with livestock carrion, should focus on open lowland landscapes throughout the species' winter range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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31. Individual Movements and Habitat Use in Temporary Settlement Areas, Wintering Grounds and Breeding Areas of Saker Falcons Falco cherrug in the Pannonian Basin.

Author

Rozsypalová, Lenka, Raab, Rainer, Spakovszky, Péter, Rymešová, Dana, Zink, Richard, Kmetova-Biro, Elena, Škrábal, Jan, and Literák, Ivan

Abstract

Understanding the year-round movement behaviour is fundamental for the effective conservation management of an ecologically important species. In the heavily human-modified landscape of Central Europe, Saker Falcons Falco cherrug have adapted to intensively managed agricultural habitats, often nesting and roosting on electrical pylons. We studied the ranging behaviour and habitat selection of one juvenile and three adult Saker Falcons equipped with GPS/GSM loggers in the Czech Republic and Austria between 2015–2017. Upon release from a rescue centre, the juvenile Saker Falcon used temporary settlement areas (TSAs) with a median size of 231 km2 (minimum convex polygons, MCP 95%). Median of breeding season home ranges for the three adults was 15 km2 over six breeding events. After breeding period, the adults remained close to the nest site, occupying an area with median of 10 km2 until they departed for their autumn migration. Departure dates ranged from 21 September to 9 November. Winter TSA sizes had median of 99 km2. Adults returned to the breeding area between 12 February and 4 March. Annual breeding home ranges overlapped by approximately 84–99% indicating high site fidelity. The most utilised land cover types within winter TSAs included arable land and heterogeneous agricultural areas. Analysis of night-time roosting sites showed a substantial preference for high voltage pylons compared to trees. Our results could benefit conservation planning and species management practices, focusing on both improving the safety of anthropogenic elements and increasing habitat diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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32. Database migrations the VxVM way

Author

Raab, Rainer

Subjects
Technology application, Company business management, Database industry, UNIX, Database administration -- Methods, Database administration -- Technology application, Database administration -- Services, Database industry -- Technology application, Database industry -- Management, Unix -- Management, Unix -- Technology application, Unix -- Usage
Published
2004

36. Sympatric wintering of Red Kites and Black Kites in south-east Europe

Author

Literák, van, primary, Horal, David, additional, Raab, Rainer, additional, Matušík, Hynek, additional, Vyhnal, Stanislav, additional, Rymešová, Dana, additional, Spakovszky, Péter, additional, Skartsi, Theodora, additional, Poirazidis, Kostas, additional, Zakkak, Sylvia, additional, Tomik, Adrian, additional, and Skyrpan, Mykola, additional

Published
2019
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37. Status of the Red Kite Milvus milvus in Croatia, based on telemetry research: spatiotemporal distribution and new breeding record

Author

Tomik, Adrian, primary, Ledinšćak, Josip, additional, Dvoržak, Dora, additional, Kralj, Jelena, additional, Literák, Ivan, additional, Matušík, Hynek, additional, Vyhnal, Stanislav, additional, Horal, David, additional, Raab, Rainer, additional, Spakovszky, Péter, additional, and Steindl, Jochen, additional

Published
2019
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40. Impact of agriculture irrigation on the habitat structure and use by Great Bustards (Otis tarda)in a Natura 2000 site

Author

Spakovszky, Péter and Raab, Rainer

Abstract

As the whole Palearctic steppe system, its iconic bird, the Great Bustard has also suffered from the expansion of intensive agriculture. The species now typically has stable or growing populations only in protected areas, but negative processes are still prevalent even there. In this study, we present a recent change in a part of the Natura2000 site designated for the isolated West Pannonian population. In recent years, a total of 2.3 km Center-pivot and laterally moving linear irrigation systems have been built and 4.7 km of underground pipelines have been laid, with which more than 52% of the 1245,5 ha study area was irrigated by 2020. In comparison to 2009, when the study period has started, the sown area of autumn cereals, one of the main breeding habitats, was roughly halved and the proportion of crops unsuitable for breeding was increased. New crops requiring irrigation have emerged with a rate of 30.6% in the last year. Despite the available support, the area of alfalfa, which is the most significant breeding habitat, and is grown almost exclusively in the agri-environmental scheme, has decreased. As a result of habitat degradation, the number of Great Bustard females observed in the area in spring decreased to a small fraction of the beginning. Irrigation farming is expected to increase, as a response to the climate change, but in order to save agro-steppe habitats and their species, the adverse effects of agricultural intensification need to be urgently addressed at both local and European levels.

Published
2020
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41. Genetic structure of the threatened West-Pannonian population of Great Bustard (Otis tarda)

Author

Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Hórreo, José Luis, Raab, Rainer, Spakovszky, Péter., Alonso, Juan Carlos, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Hórreo, José Luis, Raab, Rainer, Spakovszky, Péter., and Alonso, Juan Carlos

Abstract

The genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow of the Great Bustards (Otis tarda) living in Austria-Slovakia-West Hungary (West-Pannonian region), one of the few populations of this globally threatened species that survives across the Palaearctic, has been assessed for the first time in this study. Fourteen recently developed microsatellite loci identified one single population in the study area, with high values of genetic diversity and gene flow between two different genetic subunits. One of these subunits (Heideboden) was recognized as a priority for conservation, as it could be crucial to maintain connectivity with the central Hungarian population and thus contribute to keeping contemporary genetic diversity. Current conservation efforts have been successful in saving this threatened population from extinction two decades ago, and should continue to guarantee its future survival.

Published
2016

43. Foundations for the conservation of the West-Pannonian Great Bustard (Otis tarda) population

Author

Raab, Rainer

Abstract

Über viele Jahrzehnte ging der Bestand der Großtrappe (Otis tarda), einer der schwersten flugfähigen Vogelarten mit großen Raumansprüchen, in Mitteleuropa rapide zurück. Wichtige Teilbestände der westpannonischen Population befinden sich auch heute noch im Raum zwischen den beiden Großstädten Wien und Bratislava und sind daher auch in den nächsten Jahren durch Veränderungen ihres Lebensraumes bedroht. Ziel der Dissertation ist es, aufbauend auf die Anforderungen und Gefährdungen der Großtrappe sowie die Erfahrungen bisheriger Schutzbemühungen neue Grundlagen zum Schutz der westpannonischen Population der Großtrappe auszuarbeiten, die nicht nur in Österreich sondern auch in den angrenzenden Gebieten der Slowakei, Tschechiens und Ungarns angewendet werden können. Die kumulative Dissertation ist in mehreren Teilabschnitten abgefasst. In einem einleitenden Kapitel werden Verbreitung und Bestand der westpannonischen Population sowie die Biologie und die Gefährdungen der Großtrappe dargestellt. Anschließend befinden sich vier Artikel, die wichtige Grundlagen zum Schutz der westpannonischen Population der Großtrappe beinhalten. Im ersten Artikel werden die Ergebnisse des Monitorings von Beständen der Großtrappe in sieben Haupteinstandsgebieten in Österreich, Ungarn und der Slowakei von etwa 1990 bis 2009 im Detail dargestellt. Anhand von weiteren Daten seit 1900 wird die Bestandesentwicklung der westpannonischen Population der Großtrappe über etwa ein Jahrhundert hinweg beschrieben. Der Bestand der Großtrappe ging im westpannonischen Raum von mindestens 3.500 Individuen im Jahr 1900 auf ca. 130 Individuen im Jahr 1996 zurück. Dieser dramatische Rückgang ist vor allem auf Habi-tatveränderungen, verursacht durch Änderung der Landwirtschaft und Ausweitung der Infrastruktur, aber auch auf Bejagung, zurückzuführen. Dank intensiver und grenzüberschreitender Schutzmaßnahmen wuchs der Bestand bis zum Winter 2008/2009 wieder auf mindestens 376 Individuen an. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Bestände der westpannonischen Population der Großtrappe zusammenhängen, dass Bestandsentwicklungen in den Teilgebieten wesentlich vom Angebot an Schutzflächen abhängen, und, dass kleinere oder vorübergehend verlassene Trappengebiete von gut reproduzierenden Teilpopulationen aus wiederbesiedelt werden können. Im zweiten Artikel wird untersucht, durch welche Eigenschaften die Attraktivität von Rapsfeldern – eine wichtige Nahrungsquelle für Großtrappen während der Winterzeit (November bis März) – für die Art in ihrem westpannonischen Überwinterungsgebiet erhöht werden kann. Statistische Analysen zeigen, dass die Feldgröße am stärksten das Auftreten und die Abundanz von Trappen beeinflusst. Die Verfügbarkeit von großen (>> 15 ha) Rapsfeldern, fernab von asphaltierten Straßen, wird als wichtige Schutzmaßnahme empfohlen, um die Habitatqualität für Großtrappen im Winter zu verbessern. Im dritten Artikel werden die Effekte von Mittel- und Hochspannungsleitungen auf das Flugverhalten der Großtrappe analysiert, wobei ein Einfluss auf das Abflugverhalten bis zu einer Entfernung zur Freileitung von zumindest 800 m, möglicherweise sogar bis 1.600 m nachweisbar ist. Obwohl dies das Kollisionsrisiko an Freileitungen reduzieren kann, hat es auch einschneidende Konsequenzen für die räumliche Bewegung der Vögel. Der vierte Artikel evaluiert den Erfolg zweier Schutzmaßnahmen, die umgesetzt wurden, um Stromleitungskollisionen – ein bedeutender Mortalitätsfaktor für Großtrap-pen – zu reduzieren. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass sowohl Erdverkabelung als auch das Markieren von Stromleitungen innerhalb des Kerngebietes der westpannoni-schen Verbreitung der Großtrappe zu einem signifikanten Rückgang der Mortalitätsrate führte. Als letztes Kapitel folgen allgemeine Schlussfolgerungen., The population of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda), one of the heaviest flying birds and a species that requires large areas of habitat, has declined markedly in Central Europe over much of the 20th century. Important West-Pannonian subpopulations of the Great Bustard can be found to this day between the two capital cities Vienna and Bratislava. These populations will continue to be threatened by habitat changes over the coming years. The main aim of this doctoral thesis is to work out new foundations for the conservation of the West-Pannonian Great Bustard population, based on the requirements of and threats to the species, as well as on existing experiences with conservation measures. Results should be applicable not only in Austria, but also in adjacent areas of Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Hungary. The thesis consists of several parts. The introduction (Chapter 1) gives a short over-view on the global distribution and the population development of the Great Bustard. Furthermore requirements of the Great Bustard to its environment are described, based on serveral aspects of its biology, such as courtship behaviour or rearing the offspring. Finally current threats to the West-Pannonian Great Bustard population are illustrated, distinguishing between natural and human-made threats. The introduction is followed by four publications, describing the population development of the West-Pannonian Great Bustard population (Raab et al. 2010, Chapter 2), some aspects of its behavioural ecology, namely use of winter oilseed rape fields as foraging habitat during winter (Raab et al. under review, Chapter 3) and flight behaviour characteris-tics depending on the presence of power lines (Raab et al. 2011, Chapter 4). Futhermore the efficiency of implemented conservation measures is illustrated (Raab et al. 2012, Chapter 5). The first article reports developments in the West-Pannonian population of the Great Bustard between the years 1900 and 2008/2009. Recent population numbers were acquired by regular monitoring activity at 7 main study sites; historic numbers are based on the available literature and in some cases on estimates. The West-Pannonian population of the Great Bustard showed a marked decline in numbers from a total of at least 3,500 individuals in 1900 to about 130 in 1995. Factors implicated in this decline are habitat changes caused mainly by agricultural transformations and the development of human infrastructure, but also hunting pressure. As a result of intensive and transborder protective measures the population recovered from the low in 1996 to a population of at least 376 individuals in the winter of 2008/2009. Study results show furthermore that there is exchange between the Great Bustard sub-populations within the West-Pannonian population, and that population trends clearly depend on the availability of conservation plots. Results also show that smaller and temporarily abandoned Great Bustard areas can be resettled from well reproducing subpopulations. The second article investigates which characters of oilseed rape fields – an important food source for Great Bustards during winter time (November – March) – increase their attractiveness for the species in its West-Pannonian wintering area. Statistical analyses showed that field size most strongly affected occurrence and abundance of Bustards. The availability of large (>> 15 ha) winter rape fields far from asphalt roads is recommended as a prime conservation measure to improve habitat quality for Great Bustards during winter. In the third article a strong effect of power lines on the flight behaviour of Great Bus-tards is shown, at least up to a distance of 800 m, and perhaps even up to 1,600 m. Although the documented avoidance behaviour may significantly reduce the risk of collision with power lines, it most likely has severe consequences for the spatial movement of birds. The forth article evaluates the success of two conservation measures, implemented in order to reduce the number of power line collisions, representing an important mortality factor for Great Bustards. Results indicate that underground cabling as well as marking of power lines within the core area of the West-Pannonian distribution range of the Great Bustard significantly decreased the mortality rate of the population. The final chapter considers implications of the findings and provides general conclusions.

Published
2013
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44. Creating Global Functions with the Korn Shell

Author

Raab, Rainer

Subjects
Management issue, Systems management, Network management, UNIX, Software development/engineering, Management information systems -- Analysis, Unix -- Management, Computer software industry -- Product information
Published
2001

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