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1. WSES/GAIS/WSIS/SIS-E/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with skin and soft tissue infections.

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Kluger, Yoram, Agastra, Ervis, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Abbas, Ashraf, Ansaloni, Luca, Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid, Augustin, Goran, Bala, Miklosh, Baraket, Oussama, Biffl, Walter, Ceresoli, Marco, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Chiara, Osvaldo, Cicuttin, Enrico, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Corsi, Daniela, Cortese, Francesco, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitris, deAngelis, Nicola, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, de Jonge, Stijn, Di Bella, Stefano, Di Saverio, Salomone, Duane, Therese, Fugazzola, Paola, Ghnnam, Wagih, Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos, Griffiths, Ewen, Hardcastle, Timothy, Hecker, Andreas, Herzog, Torsten, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Khokha, Vladimir, Kim, Peter, Kim, Jae, Kirkpatrick, Andrew, Kong, Victor, Koshy, Renol, Inaba, Kenji, Isik, Arda, Ivatury, Rao, Labricciosa, Francesco, Lee, Yeong, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Luppi, Davide, Maier, Ronald, Marinis, Athanasios, Marwah, Sanjay, Mesina, Cristian, Moore, Ernest, Moore, Frederick, Negoi, Ionut, Olaoye, Iyiade, Ordoñez, Carlos, Ouadii, Mouaqit, Peitzman, Andrew, Perrone, Gennaro, Pintar, Tadeja, Pipitone, Giuseppe, Podda, Mauro, Raşa, Kemal, Ribeiro, Julival, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Rubio-Perez, Ines, Sall, Ibrahima, Sato, Norio, Sawyer, Robert, Shelat, Vishal, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tolonen, Matti, Viaggi, Bruno, Celotti, Andrea, Casella, Claudio, Pagani, Leonardo, Dhingra, Sameer, Baiocchi, Gian, Catena, Fausto, and Galante, Joseph

Subjects
Necrotizing infections, Necrotizing soft-tissue infections, Skin and soft-tissue infections, Critical Pathways, Humans, Soft Tissue Infections, United States
Abstract

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections.Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society-Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi-society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs.An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting evidence was shared by an international task force with different clinical backgrounds.

Published
2022

2. WSES/GAIS/SIS-E/WSIS/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with intra-abdominal infections.

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Kluger, Yoram, Agastra, Ervis, Abu-Zidan, Fikri, Abbas, Ashraf, Ansaloni, Luca, Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid, Atanasov, Boyko, Augustin, Goran, Bala, Miklosh, Baraket, Oussama, Baral, Suman, Biffl, Walter, Boermeester, Marja, Ceresoli, Marco, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Chiara, Osvaldo, Cicuttin, Enrico, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Colak, Elif, Corsi, Daniela, Cortese, Francesco, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitris, De Angelis, Nicola, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, de Jonge, Stijn, Dhingra, Sameer, Di Bella, Stefano, Di Marzo, Francesco, Di Saverio, Salomone, Dogjani, Agron, Duane, Therese, Enani, Mushira, Fugazzola, Paola, Gachabayov, Mahir, Ghnnam, Wagih, Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos, Griffiths, Ewen, Hardcastle, Timothy, Hecker, Andreas, Herzog, Torsten, Kabir, Syed, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Khokha, Vladimir, Kim, Peter, Kim, Jae, Kirkpatrick, Andrew, Kong, Victor, Koshy, Renol, Kryvoruchko, Igor, Inaba, Kenji, Isik, Arda, Iskandar, Katia, Ivatury, Rao, Labricciosa, Francesco, Lee, Yeong, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Luppi, Davide, Machain, Gustavo, Maier, Ronald, Marinis, Athanasios, Marmorale, Cristina, Marwah, Sanjay, Mesina, Cristian, Moore, Ernest, Moore, Frederick, Negoi, Ionut, Olaoye, Iyiade, Ordoñez, Carlos, Ouadii, Mouaqit, Peitzman, Andrew, Perrone, Gennaro, Pikoulis, Manos, Pintar, Tadeja, Pipitone, Giuseppe, Podda, Mauro, Raşa, Kemal, Ribeiro, Julival, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Rubio-Perez, Ines, Sall, Ibrahima, Sato, Norio, Sawyer, Robert, Segovia Lohse, Helmut, Sganga, Gabriele, Shelat, Vishal, Stephens, Ian, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tochie, Joel, Tolonen, Matti, Tomadze, Gia, and Ulrych, Jan

Subjects
Intra-abdominal infections, Peritonitis, Sepsis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Anti-Infective Agents, Critical Pathways, Humans, Intraabdominal Infections, Treatment Outcome
Abstract

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs. An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting information was shared by an international task force from 46 countries with different clinical backgrounds. The aim of the document is to promote global standards of care in IAIs providing guidance to clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of IAIs.

Published
2021

5. 2018 WSES/SIS-E consensus conference: recommendations for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, primary, Guirao, Xavier, additional, Hardcastle, Timothy C., additional, Kluger, Yoram, additional, Boermeester, Marja. A., additional, Raşa, Kemal, additional, Ansaloni, Luca, additional, Coccolini, Federico, additional, Montravers, Philippe, additional, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., additional, Bartoletti, Michele, additional, Bassetti, Matteo, additional, Ben-Ishay, Offir, additional, Biffl, Walter L., additional, Chiara, Osvaldo, additional, Chiarugi, Massimo, additional, Coimbra, Raul, additional, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, additional, De Simone, Belinda, additional, Di Saverio, Salomone, additional, Giannella, Maddalena, additional, Gkiokas, George, additional, Khokha, Vladimir, additional, Labricciosa, Francesco M., additional, Leppäniemi, Ari, additional, Litvin, Andrey, additional, Moore, Ernest E., additional, Negoi, Ionut, additional, Pagani, Leonardo, additional, Peghin, Maddalena, additional, Picetti, Edoardo, additional, Pintar, Tadeja, additional, Pupelis, Guntars, additional, Rubio-Perez, Ines, additional, Sakakushev, Boris, additional, Segovia-Lohse, Helmut, additional, Sganga, Gabriele, additional, Shelat, Vishal, additional, Sugrue, Michael, additional, Tarasconi, Antonio, additional, Tranà, Cristian, additional, Ulrych, Jan, additional, Viale, Pierluigi, additional, and Catena, Fausto, additional

Published
2018
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6. 2018 WSES/SIS-E consensus conference: Recommendations for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Guirao, Xavier, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Kluger, Yoram, Boermeester, Marja. A., Raşa, Kemal, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Montravers, Philippe, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Bartoletti, Michele, Bassetti, Matteo, Ben-Ishay, Offir, Biffl, Walter L., Chiara, Osvaldo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, De Simone, Belinda, Di Saverio, Salomone, Giannella, Maddalena, Gkiokas, George, Khokha, Vladimir, Labricciosa, Francesco M., Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Moore, Ernest E., Negoi, Ionut, Pagani, Leonardo, Peghin, Maddalena, Picetti, Edoardo, Pintar, Tadeja, Pupelis, Guntar, Rubio-Perez, Ine, Sakakushev, Bori, Segovia-Lohse, Helmut, Sganga, Gabriele, Shelat, Vishal, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tranà, Cristian, Ulrych, Jan, Viale, Pierluigi, Catena, Fausto, Sganga, Gabriele (ORCID:0000-0001-5079-0395), Sartelli, Massimo, Guirao, Xavier, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Kluger, Yoram, Boermeester, Marja. A., Raşa, Kemal, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Montravers, Philippe, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Bartoletti, Michele, Bassetti, Matteo, Ben-Ishay, Offir, Biffl, Walter L., Chiara, Osvaldo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, De Simone, Belinda, Di Saverio, Salomone, Giannella, Maddalena, Gkiokas, George, Khokha, Vladimir, Labricciosa, Francesco M., Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Moore, Ernest E., Negoi, Ionut, Pagani, Leonardo, Peghin, Maddalena, Picetti, Edoardo, Pintar, Tadeja, Pupelis, Guntar, Rubio-Perez, Ine, Sakakushev, Bori, Segovia-Lohse, Helmut, Sganga, Gabriele, Shelat, Vishal, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tranà, Cristian, Ulrych, Jan, Viale, Pierluigi, Catena, Fausto, and Sganga, Gabriele (ORCID:0000-0001-5079-0395)

Abstract

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections. SSTIs are a frequent clinical problem in surgical departments. In order to clarify key issues in the management of SSTIs, a task force of experts met in Bertinoro, Italy, on June 28, 2018, for a specialist multidisciplinary consensus conference under the auspices of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E). The multifaceted nature of these infections has led to a collaboration among general and emergency surgeons, intensivists, and infectious disease specialists, who have shared these clinical practice recommendations.

Published
2018

7. Mide Ülserli Hastalarda Endoskopi Tekrarı Akılcı Bir Yaklaşım mı?

Author

Saruç, Murat, Böler, Deniz, Karaarslan, Mehmet, İnce, Ümit, Raşa, Kemal, Uras, Cihan, Çakmakçı, Metin, Tözün, Nurdan, and Acibadem University Dspace

Abstract

ÖZET Giriş ve Amaç: Midede izlenen lezyonlarda benign olanlar ile malign olanların ayrımında tekrar endoskopi gerekliliği yaygın olarak kabul edilmiş bir yaklaşımdır. Fakat klinik pratikte hastaları ikinci veya üçüncü gastroskopi için ikna etmek kolay olmamaktadır. Gastroenteroloğun kendi kliniği tabanlı verileri ile endikasyonlarını kontrol etmesi, hastalarına kanıta dayalı tıp uygulayabilmesi için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada kliniğimizdeki tekrar endoskopi endikasyon ve sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Yöntem: Tekrar endoskopiyi kabul eden ve ilk endoskopisinde malign olduğu kanıtlanabilen lezyonu olmayan hastalar çalışmamıza alındı. Hastalar son tanı, tanıya ulaşabilmek için gereken endoskopik işlem sayısı ile endoskopik ve patolojik bulgular yönünden değerlendirildiler. Bulgular: Gastrik ülserli seksen üç hastaya tekrar endoskopisi yapıldı. Ortalama endoskopi sayısı 2.15 idi. Dokuz hastada 3, 3 hastada 4 endoskopi işlemi gerekli olmuşken, hiç bir hastada 5.kez endoskopi işlemi yapmak gerekli olmamıştır. Seksen üç hastanın 77’sinde tekrar endoskopide ülser gözlenmedi. Fakat 6 hastada (%7.2) malign ülser olduğu kanıtlandı. Bunların 4’ü ikinci endoskopide tanınırken, iki hastanın tanısı ancak 3. işlemler sonrasında doğrulanabildi. Hastaların 5’inde gastrik adenokanser bulunurken, diğer olguda gastrik lenfoma saptandı. Beş gastrik kanserli hastanın 2’sinde (%40) erken mide kanseri olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız gastrik ülser saptanan hastalarda tekrar endoskopilerinin gerekliliğini doğrulamaktadır. Olgularımızdaki malignansi oranı %7.2’dir. Bu yüksek oran klinisyeni ve endoskopisti tekrar endoskopileri yaparak gastrik ülser iyileşmesinin doğrulanması gerekliliği konusunda cesaretlendirmelidir.

Published
2010

10. Is It Logical To Repeat Endoscopy In Patients With Gastric Ulcers?

Author

SARUÇ, Murat, BÖLER, Deniz, KARAARSLAN, Mehmet, İNCE, Ümit, RAŞA, Kemal, URAS, Cihan, ÇAKMAKÇI, Metin, and TÖZÜN, Nurdan

Subjects
gastric ulcer,gastric cancer,gastric early cancer,endoscopy,repeat gastroscopy, mide ülseri,mide kanseri,erken mide kanseri,endoskopi,tekrar gastroskopi
Abstract

Aim: It is well established to repeat endoscopy in patients with gastric ulcers to diff erentiate malign ulcers from benign ones. In clinical practice it is not always easy to convince patients for repeated endoscopies. Gastroenterologists must have evidence based indications to off er a patient second endoscopy. We aimed to evaluate our repeat gastroscopy indications, fi ndings and yield.Methods: We included the patients who underwent repeat endoscopy to assess ulcer healing and exclude malignancy in our center within 12 months duration. They were evaluated for the fi nal diagnosis, numbers of endoscopic procedure to reach the exact diagnosis, and endoscopic and pathological fi ndings. All patients were examined by same endoscopist.Results: In this period 83 patients with gastric ulcer underwent repeat gastroscopy. Average numbers of endoscopy was 2.15. In nine patients, 3 gastroscopy procedures were needed wheras only two patients were in need of fourth gastroscopy and no one needed fi fth. Seventy-seven of 83 patients were ulcer free at repeat endoscopies. But 6 7.2% patients were shown to have malignant ulcers. Four of them were diagnosed after second endoscopy but two patients’ malignancies could be diagnosed at the third third procedure. Five of the patients had gastric adenocancer and the other single case had gastric lymphoma. Two of 5 40% adenocancers were early gastric cancer.Conclusion: Our study re-enforced the recommendation that all patient with gastric ulcers should undergo repeat endoscopy to exclude malignancy. The malignancy rate was 7.2% in our cases. This high rate must encourage clinicians and endoscopist to insist on repeating endoscopy to assess ulcer healing, Giriş ve Amaç: Midede izlenen lezyonlarda benign olanlar ile malign olanların ayrımında tekrar endoskopi gerekliliği yaygın olarak kabul edilmiş bir yaklaşımdır. Fakat klinik pratikte hastaları ikinci veya üçüncü gastroskopi için ikna etmek kolay olmamaktadır. Gastroenteroloğun kendi kliniği tabanlı verileri ile endikasyonlarını kontrol etmesi, hastalarına kanıta dayalı tıp uygulayabilmesi için gereklidir. Bu çalışmada kliniğimizdeki tekrar endoskopi endikasyon ve sonuçlarını değerlendirdik. Yöntem: Tekrar endoskopiyi kabul eden ve ilk endoskopisinde malign olduğu kanıtlanabilen lezyonu olmayan hastalar çalışmamıza alındı. Hastalar son tanı, tanıya ulaşabilmek için gereken endoskopik işlem sayısı ile endoskopik ve patolojik bulgular yönünden değerlendirildiler. Bulgular: Gastrik ülserli seksen üç hastaya tekrar endoskopisi yapıldı. Ortalama endoskopi sayısı 2.15 idi. Dokuz hastada 3, 3 hastada 4 endoskopi işlemi gerekli olmuşken, hiç bir hastada 5.kez endoskopi işlemi yapmak gerekli olmamıştır. Seksen üç hastanın 77’sinde tekrar endoskopide ülser gözlenmedi. Fakat 6 hastada %7.2 malign ülser olduğu kanıtlandı. Bunların 4’ü ikinci endoskopide tanınırken, iki hastanın tanısı ancak 3. işlemler sonrasında doğrulanabildi. Hastaların 5’inde gastrik adenokanser bulunurken, diğer olguda gastrik lenfoma saptandı. Beş gastrik kanserli hastanın 2’sinde %40 erken mide kanseri olduğu görüldü. Sonuç: Çalışma sonuçlarımız gastrik ülser saptanan hastalarda tekrar endoskopilerinin gerekliliğini doğrulamaktadır. Olgularımızdaki malignansi oranı %7.2’dir. Bu yüksek oran klinisyeni ve endoskopisti tekrar endoskopileri yaparak gastrik ülser iyileşmesinin doğrulanması gerekliliği konusunda cesaretlendirmelidir.

11. Antibiotic Prophylaxis: When, How, and How Long?

Author

O’Neal, Patrick Bishop, Itani, Kamal M. F., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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12. How to Prevent and Treat Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infections

Author

Tranà, Cristian, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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13. How to Prevent and Treat Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections

Author

De Simone, Belinda, Sartelli, Massimo, Ansaloni, Luca, Catena, Fausto, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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14. Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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15. The Infected Mesh: How to Treat it

Author

Rubio-Perez, Ines, Alvarez-Peña, Estibaliz, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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16. Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infections. How to Implement Them

Author

Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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17. Infection in Surgery: How to Manage the Surgical Wound

Author

Foghetti, Domitilla, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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18. Intraoperative Measures to Prevent Surgical Site Infections

Author

De Jonge, S. W., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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19. Invasive Candidiasis in Surgical Patients

Author

Gabriele, Sganga, Pietro, Fransvea, Gilda, Pepe, Marta, Di Grezia, Valerio, Cozza, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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20. What Healthcare Workers Should Know About the 'One Health Approach' and the Global Impact of Antimicrobial Resistance

Author

Pagani, Leonardo, Fasani, Giada, Aschbacher, Richard, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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21. The Value of Microbiological Cultures: When to Perform Them and How to Read Them

Author

Ulrych, Jan, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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22. The Burden of Surgical Site Infections: Pathophysiology and Risk Factors—Preoperative Measures to Prevent Surgical Site Infections

Author

Di Marzo, Francesco, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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23. The Role of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs to Optimize Antibiotics Use in the Surgical Departments

Author

Riggi, Gina, Abbo, Lilian M., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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24. Acute Gastrointestinal Injury

Author

Cortese, Francesco, Loponte, Margherita, Rossi, Stefano, Picardi, Biagio, Rossi Del Monte, Simone, Fransvea, Pietro, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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25. Infections in Trauma Patients

Author

Van Erp, Inge A. M., Mikdad, Sarah Y., Mendoza, April E., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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26. How to Use Antibiotics in Critically Ill Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock

Author

Collom, Morgan, Duane, Therese M., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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27. Ongoing Peritonitis (Tertiary Peritonotis)

Author

Pattonieri, Vittoria, Perrone, Gennaro, Tarasconi, Antonio, Abongwa, Hariscine K., Catena, Fausto, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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28. Infections in Elderly Patients

Author

Improta, Mario, Catena, Fausto, Ansaloni, Luca, Chiarugi, Massimo, Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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29. The Challenge of Postoperative Peritonitis Due to Anastomotic Leakage

Author

Claessen, J. J. M., van den Berg, F. F., Boermeester, M. A., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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30. Source Control in Intra-Abdominal Infections

Author

Jaramillo, Joshua D., Forrester, Joseph D., Spain, David A., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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31. Management of Necrotizing Fasciitis

Author

Abdel-Kader, Saleh, Sartelli, Massimo, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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32. Clostridium difficile Infection in Surgical Patients

Author

Woods, John, Bhatt, Nikita, Coimbra, Raul, Coccolini, Federico, Series Editor, Coimbra, Raul, Series Editor, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W., Series Editor, Di Saverio, Salomone, Series Editor, Ansaloni, Luca, Editorial Board Member, Balogh, Zsolt, Editorial Board Member, Biffl, Walt, Editorial Board Member, Catena, Fausto, Editorial Board Member, Davis, Kimberly, Editorial Board Member, Ferrada, Paula, Editorial Board Member, Fraga, Gustavo, Editorial Board Member, Ivatury, Rao, Editorial Board Member, Kluger, Yoram, Editorial Board Member, Leppaniemi, Ari, Editorial Board Member, Maier, Ron, Editorial Board Member, Moore, Ernest E., Editorial Board Member, Napolitano, Lena, Editorial Board Member, Peitzman, Andrew, Editorial Board Member, Reilly, Patrick, Editorial Board Member, Rizoli, Sandro, Editorial Board Member, Sakakushev, Boris, Editorial Board Member, Sartelli, Massimo, Editorial Board Member, Scalea, Thomas, Editorial Board Member, Spain, David, Editorial Board Member, Stahel, Philip, Editorial Board Member, Sugrue, Michael, Editorial Board Member, Velmahos, George, Editorial Board Member, Weber, Dieter, Editorial Board Member, Pagani, Leonardo, editor, and Rasa, Kemal, editor

Published
2021
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33. WSES/GAIS/WSIS/SIS-E/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with skin and soft tissue infections

Author

Massimo Sartelli, Federico Coccolini, Yoram Kluger, Ervis Agastra, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Ashraf El Sayed Abbas, Luca Ansaloni, Abdulrashid Kayode Adesunkanmi, Goran Augustin, Miklosh Bala, Oussama Baraket, Walter L. Biffl, Marco Ceresoli, Elisabetta Cerutti, Osvaldo Chiara, Enrico Cicuttin, Massimo Chiarugi, Raul Coimbra, Daniela Corsi, Francesco Cortese, Yunfeng Cui, Dimitris Damaskos, Nicola de’Angelis, Samir Delibegovic, Zaza Demetrashvili, Belinda De Simone, Stijn W. de Jonge, Stefano Di Bella, Salomone Di Saverio, Therese M. Duane, Paola Fugazzola, Joseph M. Galante, Wagih Ghnnam, George Gkiokas, Carlos Augusto Gomes, Ewen A. Griffiths, Timothy C. Hardcastle, Andreas Hecker, Torsten Herzog, Aleksandar Karamarkovic, Vladimir Khokha, Peter K. Kim, Jae Il Kim, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Victor Kong, Renol M. Koshy, Kenji Inaba, Arda Isik, Rao Ivatury, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Yeong Yeh Lee, Ari Leppäniemi, Andrey Litvin, Davide Luppi, Ronald V. Maier, Athanasios Marinis, Sanjay Marwah, Cristian Mesina, Ernest E. Moore, Frederick A. Moore, Ionut Negoi, Iyiade Olaoye, Carlos A. Ordoñez, Mouaqit Ouadii, Andrew B. Peitzman, Gennaro Perrone, Tadeja Pintar, Giuseppe Pipitone, Mauro Podda, Kemal Raşa, Julival Ribeiro, Gabriel Rodrigues, Ines Rubio-Perez, Ibrahima Sall, Norio Sato, Robert G. Sawyer, Vishal G. Shelat, Michael Sugrue, Antonio Tarasconi, Matti Tolonen, Bruno Viaggi, Andrea Celotti, Claudio Casella, Leonardo Pagani, Sameer Dhingra, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Fausto Catena, Sartelli, M, Coccolini, F, Kluger, Y, Agastra, E, Abu-Zidan, F, Abbas, A, Ansaloni, L, Adesunkanmi, A, Augustin, G, Bala, M, Baraket, O, Biffl, W, Ceresoli, M, Cerutti, E, Chiara, O, Cicuttin, E, Chiarugi, M, Coimbra, R, Corsi, D, Cortese, F, Cui, Y, Damaskos, D, De'Angelis, N, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, De Simone, B, de Jonge, S, Di Bella, S, Di Saverio, S, Duane, T, Fugazzola, P, Galante, J, Ghnnam, W, Gkiokas, G, Gomes, C, Griffiths, E, Hardcastle, T, Hecker, A, Herzog, T, Karamarkovic, A, Khokha, V, Kim, P, Kim, J, Kirkpatrick, A, Kong, V, Koshy, R, Inaba, K, Isik, A, Ivatury, R, Labricciosa, F, Lee, Y, Leppaniemi, A, Litvin, A, Luppi, D, Maier, R, Marinis, A, Marwah, S, Mesina, C, Moore, E, Moore, F, Negoi, I, Olaoye, I, Ordonez, C, Ouadii, M, Peitzman, A, Perrone, G, Pintar, T, Pipitone, G, Podda, M, Rasa, K, Ribeiro, J, Rodrigues, G, Rubio-Perez, I, Sall, I, Sato, N, Sawyer, R, Shelat, V, Sugrue, M, Tarasconi, A, Tolonen, M, Viaggi, B, Celotti, A, Casella, C, Pagani, L, Dhingra, S, Baiocchi, G, Catena, F, Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Kluger, Yoram, Agastra, Ervi, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M, Abbas, Ashraf El Sayed, Ansaloni, Luca, Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid Kayode, Augustin, Goran, Bala, Miklosh, Baraket, Oussama, Biffl, Walter L, Ceresoli, Marco, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Chiara, Osvaldo, Cicuttin, Enrico, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Corsi, Daniela, Cortese, Francesco, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitri, De'Angelis, Nicola, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, de Jonge, Stijn W, Di Bella, Stefano, Di Saverio, Salomone, Duane, Therese M, Fugazzola, Paola, Galante, Joseph M, Ghnnam, Wagih, Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Griffiths, Ewen A, Hardcastle, Timothy C, Hecker, Andrea, Herzog, Torsten, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Khokha, Vladimir, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Jae Il, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W, Kong, Victor, Koshy, Renol M, Inaba, Kenji, Isik, Arda, Ivatury, Rao, Labricciosa, Francesco M, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Luppi, Davide, Maier, Ronald V, Marinis, Athanasio, Marwah, Sanjay, Mesina, Cristian, Moore, Ernest E, Moore, Frederick A, Negoi, Ionut, Olaoye, Iyiade, Ordoñez, Carlos A, Ouadii, Mouaqit, Peitzman, Andrew B, Perrone, Gennaro, Pintar, Tadeja, Pipitone, Giuseppe, Podda, Mauro, Raşa, Kemal, Ribeiro, Julival, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Rubio-Perez, Ine, Sall, Ibrahima, Sato, Norio, Sawyer, Robert G, Shelat, Vishal G, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tolonen, Matti, Viaggi, Bruno, Celotti, Andrea, Casella, Claudio, Pagani, Leonardo, Dhingra, Sameer, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Catena, Fausto, HUS Abdominal Center, II kirurgian klinikka, and University of Helsinki

Subjects
MESH, FOURNIERS GANGRENE, RD1-811, Soft Tissue Infections / surgery, Necrotizing infections, Necrotizing soft-tissue infections, Skin and soft-tissue infections, Critical Pathways, Humans, United States, Soft Tissue Infections, Review, DIAGNOSIS, NECROTIZING FASCIITIS, Skin and soft-tissue infection, MANAGEMENT, INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN, RISK, HERNIA REPAIR, RC86-88.9, RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Necrotizing infection, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, ENDOSONOGRAPHY, Necrotizing soft-tissue infection, Emergency Medicine, Surgery
Abstract

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections.Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery, the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery, the Surgical Infection Society-Europe, The World Surgical Infection Society, and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma have jointly completed an international multi-society document to promote global standards of care in SSTIs guiding clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of SSTIs.An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting evidence was shared by an international task force with different clinical backgrounds.

Published
2022

34. WSES/GAIS/SIS-E/WSIS/AAST global clinical pathways for patients with intra-abdominal infections

Author

Cristian Mesina, Oussama Baraket, Arda Isik, Iyiade Olaoye, Tadeja Pintar, Wagih Ghnnam, Andreas Hecker, Ionut Negoi, Andrey Litvin, A R K Adesunkanmi, Julival Ribeiro, Stijn W. de Jonge, Norio Sato, Carlos Augusto Gomes, Manos Pikoulis, Federico Coccolini, Yeong Yeh Lee, Frederick A. Moore, Gustavo M. Machain, Francesco Cortese, Elif Colak, Luca Ansaloni, Daniela Corsi, Enrico Cicuttin, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Fausto Catena, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, Raul Coimbra, I. A. Kryvoruchko, Chiara Gurioli, Paola Fugazzola, Gabriele Sganga, András Vereczkei, Sanjay Marwah, Kenji Inaba, Agron Dogjani, Antonio Tarasconi, Elisabetta Cerutti, Rao R. Ivatury, Ibrahima Sall, Michael Sugrue, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Marco Ceresoli, Renol M. Koshy, Jae Il Kim, Goran Augustin, Mauro Podda, Therese M. Duane, Katia Iskandar, Osvaldo Chiara, Dimitris Damaskos, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Yunfeng Cui, Vishal G Shelat, Joel Noutakdie Tochie, Andrew B. Peitzman, Sameer Dhingra, Miklosh Bala, Ashraf Abbas, Samir Delibegovic, Leonardo Pagani, George Gkiokas, Claudio Casella, Mahir Gachabayov, Gabriel Rodrigues, Stefano Di Bella, Vladimir Khokha, Kemal Rasa, Nicola de’ Angelis, Ernest E. Moore, Robert G. Sawyer, Ronald V. Maier, Yoram Kluger, Ines Rubio-Perez, Victor Y. Kong, Gennaro Perrone, Francesco Di Marzo, Jan Ulrych, Gian Luca Baiocchi, Matti Tolonen, Athanasios Marinis, Cristina Marmorale, G. Tomadze, Peter K. Kim, Belinda De Simone, Aleksandar Karamarkovic, Ian Stephens, Mouaqit Ouadii, Massimo Sartelli, Davide Luppi, Boyko Atanasov, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Ervis Agastra, Syed Mohammad Umar Kabir, Massimo Chiarugi, Carlos A. Ordoñez, Giuseppe Pipitone, Bruno Viaggi, Joseph M. Galante, Suman Baral, Ewen A. Griffiths, Mushira Enani, Marja A. Boermeester, Zaza Demetrashvili, Ari Leppäniemi, Torsten Herzog, Walter L. Biffl, Salomone Di Saverio, Sartelli, Massimo, Coccolini, Federico, Kluger, Yoram, Agastra, Ervi, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M, Abbas, Ashraf El Sayed, Ansaloni, Luca, Adesunkanmi, Abdulrashid Kayode, Atanasov, Boyko, Augustin, Goran, Bala, Miklosh, Baraket, Oussama, Baral, Suman, Biffl, Walter L, Boermeester, Marja A, Ceresoli, Marco, Cerutti, Elisabetta, Chiara, Osvaldo, Cicuttin, Enrico, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, Colak, Elif, Corsi, Daniela, Cortese, Francesco, Cui, Yunfeng, Damaskos, Dimitri, De' Angelis, Nicola, Delibegovic, Samir, Demetrashvili, Zaza, De Simone, Belinda, de Jonge, Stijn W, Dhingra, Sameer, Di Bella, Stefano, Di Marzo, Francesco, Di Saverio, Salomone, Dogjani, Agron, Duane, Therese M, Enani, Mushira Abdulaziz, Fugazzola, Paola, Galante, Joseph M, Gachabayov, Mahir, Ghnnam, Wagih, Gkiokas, George, Gomes, Carlos Augusto, Griffiths, Ewen A, Hardcastle, Timothy C, Hecker, Andrea, Herzog, Torsten, Kabir, Syed Mohammad Umar, Karamarkovic, Aleksandar, Khokha, Vladimir, Kim, Peter K, Kim, Jae Il, Kirkpatrick, Andrew W, Kong, Victor, Koshy, Renol M, Kryvoruchko, Igor A, Inaba, Kenji, Isik, Arda, Iskandar, Katia, Ivatury, Rao, Labricciosa, Francesco M, Lee, Yeong Yeh, Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Luppi, Davide, Machain, Gustavo M, Maier, Ronald V, Marinis, Athanasio, Marmorale, Cristina, Marwah, Sanjay, Mesina, Cristian, Moore, Ernest E, Moore, Frederick A, Negoi, Ionut, Olaoye, Iyiade, Ordoñez, Carlos A, Ouadii, Mouaqit, Peitzman, Andrew B, Perrone, Gennaro, Pikoulis, Mano, Pintar, Tadeja, Pipitone, Giuseppe, Podda, Mauro, Raşa, Kemal, Ribeiro, Julival, Rodrigues, Gabriel, Rubio-Perez, Ine, Sall, Ibrahima, Sato, Norio, Sawyer, Robert G, Segovia Lohse, Helmut, Sganga, Gabriele, Shelat, Vishal G, Stephens, Ian, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tochie, Joel Noutakdie, Tolonen, Matti, Tomadze, Gia, Ulrych, Jan, Vereczkei, Andra, Viaggi, Bruno, Gurioli, Chiara, Casella, Claudio, Pagani, Leonardo, Baiocchi, Gian Luca, Catena, Fausto, Sartelli, M, Coccolini, F, Kluger, Y, Agastra, E, Abu-Zidan, F, Abbas, A, Ansaloni, L, Adesunkanmi, A, Atanasov, B, Augustin, G, Bala, M, Baraket, O, Baral, S, Biffl, W, Boermeester, M, Ceresoli, M, Cerutti, E, Chiara, O, Cicuttin, E, Chiarugi, M, Coimbra, R, Colak, E, Corsi, D, Cortese, F, Cui, Y, Damaskos, D, de' Angelis, N, Delibegovic, S, Demetrashvili, Z, De Simone, B, de Jonge, S, Dhingra, S, Di Bella, S, Di Marzo, F, Di Saverio, S, Dogjani, A, Duane, T, Enani, M, Fugazzola, P, Galante, J, Gachabayov, M, Ghnnam, W, Gkiokas, G, Gomes, C, Griffiths, E, Hardcastle, T, Hecker, A, Herzog, T, Kabir, S, Karamarkovic, A, Khokha, V, Kim, P, Kim, J, Kirkpatrick, A, Kong, V, Koshy, R, Kryvoruchko, I, Inaba, K, Isik, A, Iskandar, K, Ivatury, R, Labricciosa, F, Lee, Y, Leppaniemi, A, Litvin, A, Luppi, D, Machain, G, Maier, R, Marinis, A, Marmorale, C, Marwah, S, Mesina, C, Moore, E, Moore, F, Negoi, I, Olaoye, I, Ordonez, C, Ouadii, M, Peitzman, A, Perrone, G, Pikoulis, M, Pintar, T, Pipitone, G, Podda, M, Rasa, K, Ribeiro, J, Rodrigues, G, Rubio-Perez, I, Sall, I, Sato, N, Sawyer, R, Segovia Lohse, H, Sganga, G, Shelat, V, Stephens, I, Sugrue, M, Tarasconi, A, Tochie, J, Tolonen, M, Tomadze, G, Ulrych, J, Vereczkei, A, Viaggi, B, Gurioli, C, Casella, C, Pagani, L, Baiocchi, G, Catena, F, HUS Abdominal Center, II kirurgian klinikka, and University of Helsinki

Subjects
Review, DAMAGE CONTROL LAPAROTOMY, Intra-abdominal infections, Peritonitis, Sepsis, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Critical Pathways, Humans, Treatment Outcome, Anti-Infective Agents, Intraabdominal Infections, 0302 clinical medicine, PERFORATED DIVERTICULITIS, Medicine, LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY, Surgical approach, Iais, biology, Peritoniti, Anti-Infective Agents / therapeutic use, Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, 3. Good health, SURGICAL-TREATMENT, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, embryonic structures, Emergency Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, KLEBSIELLA-PNEUMONIAE, medicine.medical_specialty, RD1-811, Sepsi, MEDLINE, ANTIBIOTIC-THERAPY, 03 medical and health sciences, Intra-abdominal infection, Emergency surgery, Effective treatment, COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY, Intensive care medicine, Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use, Task force, business.industry, RC86-88.9, Abdominal Infection, SEPTIC SHOCK, Intraabdominal Infections / surgery, 3126 Surgery, anesthesiology, intensive care, radiology, biology.organism_classification, Review article, PRIMARY RESECTION, ACUTE COLONIC DIVERTICULITIS, Surgery, business, Intraabdominal Infections / drug therapy
Abstract

Intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) are common surgical emergencies and have been reported as major contributors to non-trauma deaths in hospitals worldwide. The cornerstones of effective treatment of IAIs include early recognition, adequate source control, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prompt physiologic stabilization using a critical care environment, combined with an optimal surgical approach. Together, the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES), the Global Alliance for Infections in Surgery (GAIS), the Surgical Infection Society-Europe (SIS-E), the World Surgical Infection Society (WSIS), and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) have jointly completed an international multi-society document in order to facilitate clinical management of patients with IAIs worldwide building evidence-based clinical pathways for the most common IAIs. An extensive non-systematic review was conducted using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases, limited to the English language. The resulting information was shared by an international task force from 46 countries with different clinical backgrounds. The aim of the document is to promote global standards of care in IAIs providing guidance to clinicians by describing reasonable approaches to the management of IAIs.

Published
2021

35. 2018 WSES/SIS-E consensus conference: Recommendations for the management of skin and soft-tissue infections

Author

Andrey Litvin, Maddalena Giannella, Antonio Tarasconi, Massimo Chiarugi, Luca Ansaloni, Raul Coimbra, Fikri M. Abu-Zidan, Michele Bartoletti, Xavier Guirao, Salomone Di Saverio, Fausto Catena, Federico Coccolini, Vishal G Shelat, Guntars Pupelis, Francesco M. Labricciosa, Gabriele Sganga, Helmut Segovia-Lohse, Timothy Craig Hardcastle, Kemal Rasa, Cristian Tranà, Belinda De Simone, Vladimir Khokha, Maddalena Peghin, Ionut Negoi, Ernest E. Moore, Yoram Kluger, Edoardo Picetti, Jan Ulrych, Massimo Sartelli, Ines Rubio-Perez, Philippe Montravers, Michael Sugrue, Osvaldo Chiara, Francesco Giuseppe De Rosa, Ari Leppäniemi, Walter L. Biffl, Pierluigi Viale, Marja A. Boermeester, Offir Ben-Ishay, Matteo Bassetti, Boris Sakakushev, Leonardo Pagani, George Gkiokas, Tadeja Pintar, Sartelli, Massimo, Guirao, Xavier, Hardcastle, Timothy C., Kluger, Yoram, Boermeester, Marja.A., Raşa, Kemal, Ansaloni, Luca, Coccolini, Federico, Montravers, Philippe, Abu-Zidan, Fikri M., Bartoletti, Michele, Bassetti, Matteo, Ben-Ishay, Offir, Biffl, Walter L., Chiara, Osvaldo, Chiarugi, Massimo, Coimbra, Raul, De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe, De Simone, Belinda, Di Saverio, Salomone, Giannella, Maddalena, Gkiokas, George, Khokha, Vladimir, Labricciosa, Francesco M., Leppäniemi, Ari, Litvin, Andrey, Moore, Ernest E., Negoi, Ionut, Pagani, Leonardo, Peghin, Maddalena, Picetti, Edoardo, Pintar, Tadeja, Pupelis, Guntar, Rubio-Perez, Ine, Sakakushev, Bori, Segovia-Lohse, Helmut, Sganga, Gabriele, Shelat, Vishal, Sugrue, Michael, Tarasconi, Antonio, Tranà, Cristian, Ulrych, Jan, Viale, Pierluigi, and Catena, Fausto

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Consensus, Settore MED/18 - CHIRURGIA GENERALE, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:Surgery, Guidelines as Topic, Review, Key issues, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Soft-tissue infection, Emergency surgery, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, Soft-tissue infections, Necrotizing infection, Surgical site infection, Surgery, Emergency Medicine, business.industry, Task force, Soft Tissue Infections, lcsh:Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid, Consensus conference, Soft tissue, Congresses as Topic, Italy, lcsh:RD1-811, lcsh:RC86-88.9, 3. Good health, Clinical Practice, Infectious disease (medical specialty), business, Surgical Infections
Abstract

Skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs) encompass a variety of pathological conditions that involve the skin and underlying subcutaneous tissue, fascia, or muscle, ranging from simple superficial infections to severe necrotizing infections. SSTIs are a frequent clinical problem in surgical departments. In order to clarify key issues in the management of SSTIs, a task force of experts met in Bertinoro, Italy, on June 28, 2018, for a specialist multidisciplinary consensus conference under the auspices of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) and the Surgical Infection Society Europe (SIS-E). The multifaceted nature of these infections has led to a collaboration among general and emergency surgeons, intensivists, and infectious disease specialists, who have shared these clinical practice recommendations.

Published
2018

36. The effect of methylene blue on peritoneal adhesion formation.

Author

Raşa K, Erverdi N, Karabulut Z, Renda N, and Korkmaz A

Abstract

Background/aims: Postoperative adhesions following abdominopelvic surgery may cause significant morbidity. In this study, the effect of different doses of methylene blue in the formation of adhesions and the role of allopurinol in revealing the possible mechanism of action was evaluated., Methods: Seventy five male Wistar-Albino rats weighing 200g-220g. were divided into five groups of 15 rats each. After laparotomy, cecal serosal abrasions were performed. In Group I, 1ml of saline was administered intraperitoneally, while Group II, III and IV were given 1mg/kg, 5mg/kg and 9mg/kg of intraperitoneal methylene blue respectively. In Group V after 1 ml of saline administration at surgery, allopurinol 30 mg/kg/ day was administered postoperatively for 14 days. On day 14, laparotomies were repeated. Adhesions were graded and tissue samples were taken from incisions and adhesions. Hydroxyproline contents representing adhesions were measured quantitatively., Results: Low dose methylene blue (Group II) caused inhibition of adhesion formation when compared with that of other groups (p<0.05). With a higher dose (Group III), this effect disappeared and methylene blue actually induced adhesion formation (p<0.05) at the highest dose (Group IV). Allopurinol treatment (Group V) also provoked adhesion formation when compared with Group I (p<0.05)., Conclusions: Methylene blue has diverse effects on postoperative adhesions in a dose-dependent manner. While with low doses there is evidence of inhibition, it promotes adhesion formation at higher doses. As allopurinol also provokes adhesion formation, it is thought that the preventive role of methylene blue may not be due to its free oxygen radical inhibitor effect but the mechanism has yet to be clarified.

Published
2002

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