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1. Implementation of a framework for deploying AI inference engines in FPGAs

Author

Herbst, Ryan, Coffee, Ryan, Fronk, Nathan, Kim, Kukhee, Kim, Kuktae, Ruckman, Larry, and Russell, J. J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The LCLS2 Free Electron Laser FEL will generate xray pulses to beamline experiments at up to 1Mhz These experimentals will require new ultrahigh rate UHR detectors that can operate at rates above 100 kHz and generate data throughputs upwards of 1 TBs a data velocity which requires prohibitively large investments in storage infrastructure Machine Learning has demonstrated the potential to digest large datasets to extract relevant insights however current implementations show latencies that are too high for realtime data reduction objectives SLAC has endeavored on the creation of a software framework which translates MLs structures for deployment on Field Programmable Gate Arrays FPGAs deployed at the Edge of the data chain close to the instrumentation This framework leverages Xilinxs HLS framework presenting an API modeled after the open source Keras interface to the TensorFlow library This SLAC Neural Network Library SNL framework is designed with a streaming data approach optimizing the data flow between layers while minimizing the buffer data buffering requirements The goal is to ensure the highest possible framerate while keeping the maximum latency constrained to the needs of the experiment Our framework is designed to ensure the RTL implementation of the network layers supporting full redeployment of weights and biases without requiring resynthesis after training The ability to reduce the precision of the implemented networks through quantization is necessary to optimize the use of both DSP and memory resources in the FPGA We currently have a preliminary version of the toolset and are experimenting with both general purpose example networks and networks being designed for specific LCLS2 experiments., Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure 2 tables

Published
2023

2. The EXO-200 detector, part II: Auxiliary Systems

Author

Ackerman, N., Albert, J., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bartoszek, L., Baussan, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bhatta, T., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Cook, S., Coon, M., Craddock, W., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Darroch, L., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., deVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Echevers, J., Espic, L., Fairbank Jr., W., Fairbank, D., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fouts, K., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Fudenberg, D., Gautam, P., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hansen, E. V., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Iverson, A., Jamil, A., Jessiman, C., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Larson, A., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Li, G. S., Li, S., Li, Z., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, J. -M., Martin, Y., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D. C., Murray, K., Neilson, R., Njoya, O., Nusair, O., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Retiere, F., Rivas, A., Robinson, A. L., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Runge, J., Russell, J. J., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Soma, A. K., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tarka, M., Todd, J., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Totev, T. I., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Veenstra, B., Veeraraghavan, V., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Watkins, J., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wittgen, M., Wodin, J., Wood, J., Wrede, G., Wu, S. X., Xia, Q., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya, and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 experiment searched for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with a single-phase liquid xenon detector. It used an active mass of 110 kg of 80.6%-enriched liquid xenon in an ultra-low background time projection chamber with ionization and scintillation detection and readout. This paper describes the design and performance of the various support systems necessary for detector operation, including cryogenics, xenon handling, and controls. Novel features of the system were driven by the need to protect the thin-walled detector chamber containing the liquid xenon, to achieve high chemical purity of the Xe, and to maintain thermal uniformity across the detector., Comment: Manuscript updated in response to JINST reviewer comments

Published
2021
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3. Fermi Large Area Telescope Performance After 10 Years Of Operation

Author

The Fermi LAT Collaboration, Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, M., Bagagli, R., Bagni, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Cognard, I., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., Luque, P. de la Torre, de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dirirsa, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Domínguez, A., Fabiani, D., Ferrara, E. C., Fiori, A., Foglia, G., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Griffin, S., Grondin, M. -H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, G., Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Kerr, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, S., Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Martí-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Menon, N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Mongelli, M., Monzani, M. E., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paccagnella, A., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Primavera, R., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Rainò, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Russell, J. J., Saggini, N., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scolieri, N., Serini, D., Sgrò, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Vigiani, L., and Zaharijas, G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 30 MeV to more than 300 GeV. We describe the performance of the instrument at the 10-year milestone. LAT performance remains well within the specifications defined during the planning phase, validating the design choices and supporting the compelling case to extend the duration of the Fermi mission. The details provided here will be useful when designing the next generation of high-energy gamma-ray observatories., Comment: 60 pages, 28 figures. Published in ApJS

Published
2021
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5. Implementation of a Framework for Deploying AI Inference Engines in FPGAs

Author

Herbst, Ryan, Coffee, Ryan, Fronk, Nathan, Kim, Kukhee, Kim, Kuktae, Ruckman, Larry, Russell, J. J., Filipe, Joaquim, Editorial Board Member, Ghosh, Ashish, Editorial Board Member, Prates, Raquel Oliveira, Editorial Board Member, Zhou, Lizhu, Editorial Board Member, Doug, Kothe, editor, Al, Geist, editor, Pophale, Swaroop, editor, Liu, Hong, editor, and Parete-Koon, Suzanne, editor

Published
2022
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6. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay with the Upgraded EXO-200 Detector

Author

Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hansen, E. V., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, G. S., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schmidt, S., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wrede, G., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., Zettlemoyer, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Results from a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay $0\nu\beta\beta$ of $^{136}$Xe are presented using the first year of data taken with the upgraded EXO-200 detector. Relative to previous searches by EXO-200, the energy resolution of the detector has been improved to $\sigma/E$=1.23%, the electric field in the drift region has been raised by 50%, and a system to suppress radon in the volume between the cryostat and lead shielding has been implemented. In addition, analysis techniques that improve topological discrimination between $0\nu\beta\beta$ and background events have been developed. Incorporating these hardware and analysis improvements, the median 90% confidence level $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life sensitivity after combining with the full data set acquired before the upgrade has increased 2-fold to $3.7 \times 10^{25}$ yr. No statistically significant evidence for $0\nu\beta\beta$ is observed, leading to a lower limit on the $0\nu\beta\beta$ half-life of $1.8\times10^{25}$ yr at the 90% confidence level., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, final version submitted to PRL

Published
2017
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7. Searches for Double Beta Decay of $^{134}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., Zettlemoyer, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Searches for double beta decay of $^{134}$Xe were performed with EXO-200, a single-phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Using an exposure of $29.6\text{ kg}\!\cdot\!\text{yr}$, the lower limits of $\text{T}_{1/2}^{2\nu\beta\!\beta}>8.7\cdot10^{20}\text{ yr}$ and $\text{T}_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\!\beta}>1.1\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$ at 90% confidence level were derived, with corresponding half-life sensitivities of $1.2\cdot10^{21}\text{ yr}$ and $1.9\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$. These limits exceed those in the literature for $^{134}$Xe, improving by factors of nearly $10^{5}$ and 2 for the two antineutrino and neutrinoless modes, respectively., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017
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8. Trace radioactive impurities in final construction materials for EXO-200

Author

Leonard, D. S., Auty, D., Didberidze, T., Gornea, R., Grinberg, P., MacLellan, R., Methven, B., Piepke, A., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johntson, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., LePort, F., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Mackay, D., Marino, M. G., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Neilson, R., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Pocar, A., Pushkin, K., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., Zettlemoyer, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report results from a systematic measurement campaign conducted to identify low radioactivity materials for the construction of the EXO-200 double beta decay experiment. Partial results from this campaign have already been reported in a 2008 paper by the EXO collaboration. Here we release the remaining data, collected since 2007, to the public. The data reported were obtained using a variety of analytic techniques. The measurement sensitivities are among the best in the field. Construction of the EXO-200 detector has been concluded, and Phase-I data was taken from 2011 to 2014. The detector's extremely low background implicitly verifies the measurements and the analysis assumptions made during construction and reported in this paper., Comment: 28 pages, 5 figures

Published
2017
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9. Measurement of the Drift Velocity and Transverse Diffusion of Electrons in Liquid Xenon with the EXO-200 Detector

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retiere, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The EXO-200 Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay using a liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber. This measurement relies on modeling the transport of charge deposits produced by interactions in the LXe to allow discrimination between signal and background events. Here we present measurements of the transverse diffusion constant and drift velocity of electrons at drift fields between 20~V/cm and 615~V/cm using EXO-200 data. At the operating field of 380~V/cm EXO-200 measures a drift velocity of 1.705$_{-0.010}^{+0.014}$~mm/$\mu$s and a transverse diffusion coefficient of 55$\pm$4~cm$^2$/s., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, added minor clarifications recommended by the reviewer on E-field non-uniformities, minor edits to formatting of figures to conform with journal requirements

Published
2016
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10. An Optimal Energy Estimator to Reduce Correlated Noise for the EXO-200 Light Readout

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Davis, C. G., Hall, C., Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The energy resolution of the EXO-200 detector is limited by electronics noise in the measurement of the scintillation response. Here we present a new technique to extract optimal scintillation energy measurements for signals split across multiple channels in the presence of correlated noise. The implementation of these techniques improves the energy resolution of the detector at the neutrinoless double beta decay Q-value from $\left[1.9641\pm 0.0039\right]\%$ to $\left[1.5820\pm 0.0044\right]\%$., Comment: 21 pages, 8 figures, 1 table

Published
2016
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11. First Search for Lorentz and CPT Violation in Double Beta Decay with EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Díaz, J. S., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feyzbkhsh, S., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Homiller, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retiére, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vogel, P., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

A search for Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals in the double beta decay spectrum of $^{136}$Xe has been performed using an exposure of 100 kg$\cdot$yr with the EXO-200 detector. No significant evidence of the spectral modification due to isotropic Lorentz-violation was found, and a two-sided limit of $-2.65 \times 10^{-5 } \; \textrm{GeV} < \mathring{a}^{(3)}_{\text{of}} < 7.60 \times 10^{-6} \; \textrm{GeV}$ (90% C.L.) is placed on the relevant coefficient within the Standard-Model Extension (SME). This is the first experimental study of the effect of the SME-defined oscillation-free and momentum-independent neutrino coupling operator on the double beta decay process., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Published
2016
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12. Cosmogenic Backgrounds to 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} in EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr, W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

As neutrinoless double-beta decay experiments become more sensitive and intrinsic radioactivity in detector materials is reduced, previously minor contributions to the background must be understood and eliminated. With this in mind, cosmogenic backgrounds have been studied with the EXO-200 experiment. Using the EXO-200 TPC, the muon flux (through a flat horizontal surface) underground at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) has been measured to be {\Phi} = 4.07 $\pm$ 0.14 (sys) $\pm$ 0.03 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, with a vertical intensity of $I_{v}$ = 2.97$^{+0.14}_{-0.13}$ (sys) $\pm$ 0.02 (stat) $\times$ $10^{-7}$cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ sr$^{-1}$. Simulations of muon-induced backgrounds identified several potential cosmogenic radionuclides, though only 137Xe is a significant background for the 136Xe 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} search with EXO-200. Muon-induced neutron backgrounds were measured using {\gamma}-rays from neutron capture on the detector materials. This provided a measurement of 137Xe yield, and a test of the accuracy of the neutron production and transport simulations. The independently measured rates of 136Xe neutron capture and of 137Xe decay agree within uncertainties. Geant4 and FLUKA simulations were performed to estimate neutron capture rates, and these estimates agreed to within ~40% or better with measurements. The ability to identify 136Xe(n,{\gamma}) events will allow for rejection of 137Xe backgrounds in future 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} analyses., Comment: Published in JCAP, 29 pages, 13 figures

Published
2015
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13. Search for $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay of $^{136}$Xe to the 0$_1^+$ excited state of $^{136}$Ba with EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., King, J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krücken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retière, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Winick, T. A., Wood, J., Xu, Q. Y., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the ground state of $^{136}$Ba. We report here on a search for the two-neutrino double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe to the first $0^+$ excited state, $0^+_1$, of $^{136}$Ba based on a 100 kg$\cdot$yr exposure of $^{136}$Xe. Using a specialized analysis employing a machine learning algorithm, we obtain a 90% CL half-life sensitivity of $1.7 \times 10^{24}$ yr. We find no statistically significant evidence for the $2\nu\beta\beta$ decay to the excited state resulting in a lower limit of $T^{2\nu}_{1/2}$ ($0^+ \rightarrow 0^+_1$) $> 6.9 \times 10^{23}$ yr at 90% CL. This observed limit is consistent with the estimated half-life of $2.5\times10^{25}$ yr., Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2015
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14. Measurements of the ion fraction and mobility of alpha and beta decay products in liquid xenon using EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., O'Sullivan, K., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Robinson, A., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wright, J. D., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Alpha decays in the EXO-200 detector are used to measure the fraction of charged $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ and $^{214}\mathrm{Bi}$ daughters created from alpha and beta decays, respectively. $^{222}\mathrm{Rn}$ alpha decays in liquid xenon (LXe) are found to produce $^{218}\mathrm{Po}^{+}$ ions $50.3 \pm 3.0\%$ of the time, while the remainder of the $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ atoms are neutral. The fraction of $^{214}\mathrm{Bi}^{+}$ from $^{214}\mathrm{Pb}$ beta decays in LXe is found to be $76.4 \pm 5.7\%$, inferred from the relative rates of $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ and $^{214}\mathrm{Po}$ alpha decays in the LXe. The average velocity of $^{218}\mathrm{Po}$ ions is observed to decrease for longer drift times. Initially the ions have a mobility of $0.390 \pm 0.006~\mathrm{cm}^2/(\mathrm{kV}~\mathrm{s})$, and at long drift times the mobility is $0.219 \pm 0.004~\mathrm{cm}^2/(\mathrm{kV}~\mathrm{s})$. Time constants associated with the change in mobility during drift of the $^{218}\mathrm{Po}^{+}$ ions are found to be proportional to the electron lifetime in the LXe.

Published
2015
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15. Investigation of radioactivity-induced backgrounds in EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

The search for neutrinoless double-beta decay (0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta}) requires extremely low background and a good understanding of their sources and their influence on the rate in the region of parameter space relevant to the 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} signal. We report on studies of various {\beta}- and {\gamma}-backgrounds in the liquid- xenon-based EXO-200 0{\nu}{\beta}{\beta} experiment. With this work we try to better understand the location and strength of specific background sources and compare the conclusions to radioassay results taken before and during detector construction. Finally, we discuss the implications of these studies for EXO-200 as well as for the next-generation, tonne-scale nEXO detector., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables

Published
2015
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16. Search for Majoron-emitting modes of double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., Ling, J., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

EXO-200 is a single phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Here we report on a search for various Majoron-emitting modes based on 100 kg$\cdot$yr exposure of $^{136}$Xe. A lower limit of $T^{^{136}Xe}_{1/2} >1.2 \cdot 10^{24}$ yr at 90% C.L. on the half-life of the spectral index = 1 Majoron decay was obtained, corresponding to a constraint on the Majoron-neutrino coupling constant of $|< g^{M}_{ee} >|<$ (0.8-1.7)$\cdot$10$^{-5}$., Comment: Published in PRD. Version 2: Referee comments addressed, journal reference added

Published
2014
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17. Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data

Author

Collaboration, EXO-200, Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zhao, Y. B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics suggest that neutrinos should be Majorana-type fermions, but this assumption is difficult to confirm. Observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$), a spontaneous transition that may occur in several candidate nuclei, would verify the Majorana nature of the neutrino and constrain the absolute scale of the neutrino mass spectrum. Recent searches carried out with $^{76}$Ge (GERDA experiment) and $^{136}$Xe (KamLAND-Zen and EXO-200 experiments) have established the lifetime of this decay to be longer than $10^{25}$ yr, corresponding to a limit on the neutrino mass of 0.2-0.4 eV. Here we report new results from EXO-200 based on 100 kg$\cdot$yr of $^{136}$Xe exposure, representing an almost fourfold increase from our earlier published datasets. We have improved the detector resolution at the $^{136}$Xe double-beta-decay Q-value to $\sigma$/E = 1.53% and revised the data analysis. The obtained half-life sensitivity is $1.9\cdot10^{25}$ yr, an improvement by a factor of 2.7 compared to previous EXO-200 results. We find no statistically significant evidence for $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay and set a half-life limit of $1.1\cdot10^{25}$ yr at 90% CL. The high sensitivity holds promise for further running of the EXO-200 detector and future $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay searches with nEXO., Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures

Published
2014
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18. An improved measurement of the 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life of Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Albert, J. B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Cook, S., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., DeVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dolgolenko, A., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Díez, M. Montero, Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zhao, Y. B.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report on an improved measurement of the 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life of Xe-136 performed by EXO-200. The use of a large and homogeneous time projection chamber allows for the precise estimate of the fiducial mass used for the measurement, resulting in a small systematic uncertainty. We also discuss in detail the data analysis methods used for double-beta decay searches with EXO-200, while emphasizing those directly related to the present measurement. The Xe-136 2\nu \beta \beta\ half-life is found to be 2.165 +- 0.016 (stat) +- 0.059 (sys) x 10^21 years. This is the most precisely measured half-life of any 2\nu \beta \beta\ decay to date., Comment: 34 pages, 32 figures, Updated to published version

Published
2013
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19. Search for Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay in $^{136}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Cook, S., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Davis, C. G., Delaquis, S., deVoe, R., Dobi, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dolgolenko, A., Dunford, M., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hall, K., Hargrove, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Muller, A. R., Neilson, R., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We report on a search for neutrinoless double-beta decay of $^{136}$Xe with EXO-200. No signal is observed for an exposure of 32.5 kg-yr, with a background of ~1.5 x 10^{-3} /(kg yr keV) in the $\pm 1\sigma$ region of interest. This sets a lower limit on the half-life of the neutrinoless double-beta decay $T_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\beta}$($^{136}$Xe) > 1.6 x 10$^{25}$ yr (90% CL), corresponding to effective Majorana masses of less than 140-380 meV, depending on the matrix element calculation.

Published
2012
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20. Observation of Two-Neutrino Double-Beta Decay in Xe-136 with EXO-200

Author

Ackerman, N., Aharmim, B., Auger, M., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Barry, K., Bartoszek, L., Beauchamp, E., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Breidenbach, M., Burenkov, A., Cleveland, B., Conley, R., Conti, E., Cook, J., Cook, S., Coppens, A., Counts, I., Craddock, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M. V., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., deVoe, R., Djurcic, Z., Dobi, A., Dolgolenko, A. G., Dolinski, M. J., Donato, K., Fairbank Jr., W., Farine, J., Fierlinger, P., Franco, D., Freytag, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Green, M. P., Hagemann, C., Hall, C., Hall, K., Haller, G., Hargrove, C., Herbst, R., Herrin, S., Hodgson, J., Hughes, M., Johnson, A., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., LePort, F., Mackay, D., MacLellan, R., Marino, M., Martin, Y., Mong, B., Diez, M. Montero, Morgan, P., Muller, A. R., Neilson, R., Nelson, R., Odian, A., O'Sullivan, K., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Pushkin, K., Rivas, A., Rollin, E., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Sabourov, A., Sinclair, D., Skarpaas, K., Slutsky, S., Stekhanov, V., Strickland, V., Swift, M., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Vuilleumier, J. -M., Waite, A., Waldman, S., Walton, T., Wamba, K., Weber, M., Wichoski, U., Wodin, J., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., and Zeldovich, O. Ya.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the observation of two-neutrino double-beta decay in Xe-136 with T_1/2 = 2.11 +- 0.04 (stat.) +- 0.21 (sys.) x 10^21 yr. This second order process, predicted by the Standard Model, has been observed for several nuclei but not for Xe-136. The observed decay rate provides new input to matrix element calculations and to the search for the more interesting neutrino-less double-beta decay, the most sensitive probe for the existence of Majorana particles and the measurement of the neutrino mass scale.

Published
2011
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21. Prospects for GRB Science with the Fermi Large Area Telescope

Author

Band, D. L., Axelsson, M., Baldini, L., Barbiellini, G., Baring, M. G., Bastieri, D., Battelino, M., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bogaert, G., Bonnel, J., Chiang, J., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Connaughton, V., Cutini, S., de Palma, F., Dingus, B. L., Silva, E. do Couto e, Fishman, G., Galli, A., Gehrels, N., Giglietto, N., Granot, J., Guiriec, S., Hughes, R. E., Kamae, T., Komin, N., Kuehn, F., Kuss, M., Longo, F., Lubrano, P., Kippen, R. M., Mazziotta, M. N., McEnery, J. E., McGlynn, S., Moretti, E., Nakamori, T., Norris, J. P., Ohno, M., Olivo, M., Omodei, N., Pelassa, V., Piron, F., Preece, R., Razzano, M., Russell, J. J., Ryde, F., Parkinson, P. M. Saz, Scargle, J. D., Sgrò, C., Shimokawabe, T., Smith, P. D., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Stamatikos, M., Winer, B. L., and Yamazaki, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The LAT instrument on the Fermi mission will reveal the rich spectral and temporal gamma-ray burst phenomena in the > 100 MeV band. The synergy with Fermi's GBM detectors will link these observations to those in the well explored 10-1000 keV range; the addition of the > 100 MeV band observations will resolve theoretical uncertainties about burst emission in both the prompt and afterglow phases. Trigger algorithms will be applied to the LAT data both onboard the spacecraft and on the ground. The sensitivity of these triggers will differ because of the available computing resources onboard and on the ground. Here we present the LAT's burst detection methodologies and the instrument's GRB capabilities., Comment: Accepted by ApJ

Published
2009
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22. Nuclear Transparency in 90 Degree c.m. Quasielastic A(p,2p) Reactions

Author

Aclander, J., Alster, J., Asryan, G., Averiche, Y., Barton, D. S., Baturin, V., Buktoyarova, N., Bunce, G., Carroll, A. S., Christensen, N., Courant, H., Durrant, S., Fang, G., Gabriel, K., Gushue, S., Heller, K. J., Heppelmann, S., Kosonovsky, I., Leksanov, A., Makdisi, Y. I., Malki, A., Mardor, I., Mardor, Y., Marshak, M. L., Martel, D., Minina, E., Minor, E., Navon, I., Nicholson, H., Ogawa, A., Panebratsev, Y., Piasetzky, E., Roser, T., Russell, J. J., Schetkovsky, A., Shimanskiy, S., Shupe, M. A., Sutton, S., Tanaka, M., Tang, A., Tsetkov, I., Watson, J., White, C., Wu, J-Y., and Zhalov, D.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We summarize the results of two experimental programs at the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron of BNL to measure the nuclear transparency of nuclei measured in the A(p,2p) quasielastic scattering process near 90 Deg .in the pp center of mass. The incident momenta varied from 5.9 to 14.4 GeV/c, corresponding to 4.8 < Q^2 < 12.7 (GeV/c)^2. First, we describe the measurements with the newer experiment, E850, which had more complete kinematic definition of quasielastic events. In E850 the angular dependence of the nuclear transparency near 90 Deg. c.m., and the nuclear transparency for deuterons was studied. Second, we review the techniques used in an earlier experiment, E834, and show that the two experiments are consistent for the Carbon data. E834 also determines the nuclear transparencies for Li, Al, Cu, and Pb nuclei as well as for C. We find for both E850 and E834 that the A(p,2p) nuclear transparency, unlike that for A(e,e'p) nuclear transparency, is incompatible with a constant value versus energy as predicted by Glauber calculations. The A(p,2p) nuclear transparency for C and Al increases by a factor of two between 5.9 and 9.5 GeV/c incident proton momentum. At its peak the A(p,2p) nuclear transparency is about 80% of the constant A(e,e'p) nuclear transparency. Then the nuclear transparency falls back to the Glauber level again. This oscillating behavior is generally interpreted as an interplay between two components of the pN scattering amplitude; one short ranged and perturbative, and the other long ranged and strongly absorbed in the nuclear medium. We suggest a number of experiments for further studies of nuclear transparency effects., Comment: 24 pages and 22 figures submitted to Phys. Rev. C

Published
2004
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23. Effective talent development environments : bridging the theory-practice gap within a UK context

Author

Martindale, Russell J. J.

Abstract

Performance sport has become a high priority for many Nations. For example, the UK distributes approximately £25 million per year through their World Class Performance programmes in order to aid effective identification, development and performance of our best athletes. Not surprisingly, in line with a more professional and scientific approach, the standards of sporting performance at an elite level are constantly improving. In order to remain competitive on the international stage, the processes and support mechanisms within our talent development environments (TDEs) must be effective in order to maintain a consistent stream of talent, capable of success at the highest level. Unfortunately, the structure and evidence base for talent development (TD) processes within the UK is weak and lacking in evidence -based guidance for those working `on the ground'. This is compounded by an apparent procedural bias towards the identification of talent as opposed to its development, a focus which is contrary to much of the research in this area. Against this backdrop, the objectives of this thesis are as follows: 1) To identify the `needs' within current TD practice and provide clear direction and methodological guidance for the required programme of research, 2) To identify guidelines through a triangulation of evidence that enables the application of effective TD procedures, 3) To develop a tool to help bridge the theory -practice divide and enable practitioners and researchers to examine TDEs within applied settings, and 4) To provide preliminary validation of the tool to assess the extent to which it has discriminant function.

Published
2008

24. Relative age effects in international age group championships: A study of Spanish track and field athletes.

Author

Javier Brazo-Sayavera, María Asunción Martínez-Valencia, Lisa Müller, Georgios Andronikos, and Russell J J Martindale

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The relative age effect is a well-researched phenomenon, however there is still a dearth of understanding in track and field and female sport. This study investigated the role of relative age on selection for international competition of Spanish age group athletes between 2006-2014. Six hundred and forty two athletes competed for Spain at U20 or U18 age group international competition (n = 359 males; 283 females) across 9 years. The birthdates of these athletes were compared against the population of registered athletes at that time (14,502 males; 10,096 females). The results highlighted the influential role of relative age on selection to these opportunities. In line with previous research, this effect was mediated by age and gender, with stronger effects for both males and younger athletes (U18). The data best supported the 'maturation-selection' hypothesis as a mechanism for RAEs. These results highlight the need to carefully consider the role and need for international competitive opportunities at different age groups. A number of possible context relevant solutions are discussed, including correction adjustments techniques and competition structure within track and field.

Published
2018
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26. Spanish version of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire for sport: Cultural adaptation and initial validation.

Author

Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Pedro R Olivares, Georgios Andronikos, and Russell J J Martindale

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

This study aimed to translate the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire into Spanish and provide an initial validation. A recommended methodology for translation and cultural adaptation of questionnaires was applied. Once this had been completed, three hundred and thirty-two young athletes completed the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire. The results revealed that the five factor solution Talent Development Environment Questionnaire was confirmed. With the exclusion of one item due to low factor loading, the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire-5 had robust statistical support for its factor structure (χ2 (df = 305) = 499.64, p

Published
2017
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27. Talent Development: A Guide for Practice and Research Within Sport

Author

Martindale, Russell J. J., Collins, Dave, and Daubney, Jim

Abstract

The transformation of talented youngsters into senior world-beaters is a topic of interest for practitioners and researchers alike. Unfortunately there is a dearth of research to guide the optimization of this process. Accordingly, this paper offers an overview of key themes apparent in the literature that have relevance to the effective development of talent. The five key generic features that emerge consistently include long-term aims and methods; wide ranging coherent messages and support; emphasis on appropriate development rather than early selection; individualized and ongoing development; and finally, integrated, holistic, and systematic development. In addition to the review, exemplars of current worldwide practice are used to further highlight both the need and direction for further research and more broad education of an effective talent development model. (Contains 1 figure.)

Published
2005

29. Fermi Large Area Telescope Performance after 10 Years of Operation

Author

Ajello, M., primary, Atwood, W. B., additional, Axelsson, M., additional, Bagagli, R., additional, Bagni, M., additional, Baldini, L., additional, Bastieri, D., additional, Bellardi, F., additional, Bellazzini, R., additional, Bissaldi, E., additional, Bloom, E. D., additional, Bonino, R., additional, Bregeon, J., additional, Brez, A., additional, Bruel, P., additional, Buehler, R., additional, Buson, S., additional, Cameron, R. A., additional, Caraveo, P. A., additional, Cavazzuti, E., additional, Ceccanti, M., additional, Chen, S., additional, Cheung, C. C., additional, Ciprini, S., additional, Cognard, I., additional, Cohen-Tanugi, J., additional, Cutini, S., additional, D’Ammando, F., additional, de la Torre Luque, P., additional, de Palma, F., additional, Digel, S. W., additional, Dirirsa, F., additional, Di Lalla, N., additional, Di Venere, L., additional, Domínguez, A., additional, Fabiani, D., additional, Ferrara, E. C., additional, Fiori, A., additional, Foglia, G., additional, Fukazawa, Y., additional, Fusco, P., additional, Gargano, F., additional, Gasparrini, D., additional, Giroletti, M., additional, Glanzman, T., additional, Green, D., additional, Griffin, S., additional, Grondin, M.-H., additional, Grove, J. E., additional, Guillemot, L., additional, Guiriec, S., additional, Gustafsson, M., additional, Hays, E., additional, Horan, D., additional, Jóhannesson, G., additional, Johnson, T. J., additional, Kamae, T., additional, Kerr, M., additional, Kuss, M., additional, Larsson, S., additional, Latronico, L., additional, Lemoine-Goumard, M., additional, Li, J., additional, Liodakis, I., additional, Longo, F., additional, Loparco, F., additional, Lovellette, M. N., additional, Lubrano, P., additional, Maldera, S., additional, Manfreda, A., additional, Martí-Devesa, G., additional, Mazziotta, M. N., additional, Menon, N., additional, Mereu, I., additional, Meyer, M., additional, Michelson, P. F., additional, Minuti, M., additional, Mitthumsiri, W., additional, Mizuno, T., additional, Mongelli, M., additional, Monzani, M. E., additional, Moskalenko, I. V., additional, Negro, M., additional, Nuss, E., additional, Ojha, R., additional, Orienti, M., additional, Orlando, E., additional, Paccagnella, A., additional, Paliya, V. S., additional, Paneque, D., additional, Pei, Z., additional, Perkins, J. S., additional, Pesce-Rollins, M., additional, Pinchera, M., additional, Piron, F., additional, Poon, H., additional, Porter, T. A., additional, Primavera, R., additional, Principe, G., additional, Racusin, J. L., additional, Rainò, S., additional, Rando, R., additional, Rani, B., additional, Rapposelli, E., additional, Razzano, M., additional, Razzaque, S., additional, Reimer, A., additional, Reimer, O., additional, Russell, J. J., additional, Saggini, N., additional, Saz Parkinson, P. M., additional, Scolieri, N., additional, Serini, D., additional, Sgrò, C., additional, Siskind, E. J., additional, Smith, D. A., additional, Spandre, G., additional, Spinelli, P., additional, Suson, D. J., additional, Tajima, H., additional, Thayer, J. G., additional, Thompson, D. J., additional, Tibaldo, L., additional, Torres, D. F., additional, Tosti, G., additional, Valverde, J., additional, Vigiani, L., additional, and Zaharijas, G., additional

Published
2021
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33. Fermi Large Area Telescope Performance after 10 Years of Operation

Author

Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Bagagli, R., Bagni, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Cognard, I., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dirirsa, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Fabiani, D., Ferrara, E. C., Fiori, A., Foglia, G., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Griffin, S., Grondin, M.-H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, Guðlaugur, Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Kerr, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Menon, N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Mongelli, M., Monzani, M. E., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paccagnella, A., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Primavera, R., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Russell, J. J., Saggini, N., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scolieri, N., Serini, D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Vigiani, L., Zaharijas, G., Ajello, M., Atwood, W. B., Axelsson, Magnus, Bagagli, R., Bagni, M., Baldini, L., Bastieri, D., Bellardi, F., Bellazzini, R., Bissaldi, E., Bloom, E. D., Bonino, R., Bregeon, J., Brez, A., Bruel, P., Buehler, R., Buson, S., Cameron, R. A., Caraveo, P. A., Cavazzuti, E., Ceccanti, M., Chen, S., Cheung, C. C., Ciprini, S., Cognard, I., Cohen-Tanugi, J., Cutini, S., D'Ammando, F., de la Torre Luque, P., de Palma, F., Digel, S. W., Dirirsa, F., Di Lalla, N., Di Venere, L., Dominguez, A., Fabiani, D., Ferrara, E. C., Fiori, A., Foglia, G., Fukazawa, Y., Fusco, P., Gargano, F., Gasparrini, D., Giroletti, M., Glanzman, T., Green, D., Griffin, S., Grondin, M.-H., Grove, J. E., Guillemot, L., Guiriec, S., Gustafsson, M., Hays, E., Horan, D., Jóhannesson, Guðlaugur, Johnson, T. J., Kamae, T., Kerr, M., Kuss, M., Larsson, Stefan, Latronico, L., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Li, J., Liodakis, I., Longo, F., Loparco, F., Lovellette, M. N., Lubrano, P., Maldera, S., Manfreda, A., Marti-Devesa, G., Mazziotta, M. N., Menon, N., Mereu, I., Meyer, M., Michelson, P. F., Minuti, M., Mitthumsiri, W., Mizuno, T., Mongelli, M., Monzani, M. E., Moskalenko, I. V., Negro, M., Nuss, E., Ojha, R., Orienti, M., Orlando, E., Paccagnella, A., Paliya, V. S., Paneque, D., Pei, Z., Perkins, J. S., Pesce-Rollins, M., Pinchera, M., Piron, F., Poon, H., Porter, T. A., Primavera, R., Principe, G., Racusin, J. L., Raino, S., Rando, R., Rani, B., Rapposelli, E., Razzano, M., Razzaque, S., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Russell, J. J., Saggini, N., Saz Parkinson, P. M., Scolieri, N., Serini, D., Sgro, C., Siskind, E. J., Smith, D. A., Spandre, G., Spinelli, P., Suson, D. J., Tajima, H., Thayer, J. G., Thompson, D. J., Tibaldo, L., Torres, D. F., Tosti, G., Valverde, J., Vigiani, L., and Zaharijas, G.

Abstract

The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the primary instrument for the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi) mission, is an imaging, wide field-of-view, high-energy gamma-ray telescope, covering the energy range from 30 MeV to more than 300 GeV. We describe the performance of the instrument at the 10 yr milestone. LAT performance remains well within the specifications defined during the planning phase, validating the design choices and supporting the compelling case to extend the duration of the Fermi mission. The details provided here will be useful when designing the next generation of high-energy gamma-ray observatories.

Published
2021
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34. Search for Majorana neutrinos with the first two years of EXO-200 data

Author

Albert, J. B., Auty, D. J., Barbeau, P. S., Beauchamp, E., Beck, D., Belov, V., Benitez-Medina, C., Bonatt, J., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Chambers, C., Chaves, J., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Davis, C. G., Davis, J., DeVoe, R., Delaquis, S., Didberidze, T., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Jr, Farine, J., Feldmeier, W., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Giroux, G., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Herrin, S., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Jiang, X. S., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Leonard, D. S., Leonard, F., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Ouellet, C., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Rivas, A., Rowson, P. C., Rozo, M. P., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Slutsky, S., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tosi, D., Twelker, K., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J.-L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wright, J. D., Yang, L., Yen, Y.-R., Ya. Zeldovich, O., and Zhao, Y. B.

Published
2014
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36. Relationship between Sibling Characteristics and Talent Development.

Author

MACKENZIE, KYLE, ANDRONIKOS, GEORGIOS, TRAVLOS, ANTONIOS, SOUGLIS, ATHANASIOS, FOUNTAIN, HOLLIE, ENGLISH, CEDRIC, and MARTINDALE, RUSSELL J. J.

Abstract

Objective/Background: Parents have been shown to be highly influential in the development of sporting talent, however the relationship between sibling characteristics and talent development is comparatively under-researched. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the associations between athlete skill level, birth order, sibling's participation, and achievement in sport in the UK. Materials and Methods: The methodology by Hopwood et al. (2015) was followed for the purpose of the current study One hundred and eight UK based athletes competing at three different skill levels (elite, pre-elite, non-elite) divided according to the Athlete Development Triangle (Gulbin et al., 2010) reported data concerning their own and siblings' participation in sports using the Developmental History of Athletes Questionnaire (Hopwood, 2013). A Pearson's chi-square test for independence was used to assess skill level differences in categorical independent variables. Results: Results reinforced previous findings from Hopwood et al. (2015) demonstrating that elite athletes were more likely to be later-born siblings, than pre-elite and non-elite athletes (p = .007). Elite athletes were also more likely to have siblings who were involved in competitive sport (p = .005), competed at elite level (p = .001) in the same sport (p < .001) than siblings of pre-elite and non-elite athletes. Conclusions: The findings revealed that siblings may influence the development of sporting talent and involvement in sport by facilitating the growth of key psychological characteristics and providing additional support and opportunities. Therefore, incorporating those relationships within talent development environments coupled with the concept of role models could be a positive influence aiding towards effective talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Acceptability and feasibility of implementing accelorometry-based activity monitors and a linked web portal in an exercise referral scheme : a mixed-methods feasibility randomized controlled trial

Author

Hawkins, J., J., Edwards, M., M., Charles, J., J., Russell, J., J., Kelson, M., M., Morgan, K., K., Murphy, S., S., Oliver, E.J., Simpson, S., Tudor Edwards, R., and Moore, G.

Abstract

Background: Exercise referral schemes (ERSs) are recommended for patients with health conditions or risk factors. Evidence points to the initial effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such schemes for increasing physical activity, but effects often diminish over time. Techniques such as goal setting, self-monitoring, and personalized feedback may support motivation for physical activity and maintenance of effects. Wearable technologies could provide an opportunity to integrate motivational techniques into exercise schemes. However, little is known about acceptability to exercise referral populations or implementation feasibility within exercise referral services. Objective: To determine the feasibility and acceptability of implementing an activity-monitoring device within the Welsh National ERS to inform a decision on whether and how to proceed to an effectiveness trial. Methods: We conducted a feasability randomized controlled trial with embedded mixed-methods process evaluation and an exploratory economic analysis. Adults (N=156) were randomized to intervention (plus usual practice; n=88) or usual practice only (n=68). Usual practice was a 16-week structured exercise program. The intervention group additionally received an accelerometry-based activity monitor (MyWellnessKey) and associated Web platform (MyWellnessCloud). The primary outcomes were predefined progression criteria assessing acceptability and feasibility of the intervention and proposed evaluation. Postal questionnaires were completed at baseline (time 0:T0), 16 weeks (T1), and 12 months after T0 (T2). Routine data were accessed at the same time-points. A subsample of intervention participants and scheme staff were interviewed following the initiation of intervention delivery and at T2. Results: Participants were on average aged 56.6 (SD 16.3) years and mostly female (101/156, 64.7%) and white (150/156, 96.2%). Only 2 of 5 progression criteria were met; recruitment and randomization methods were acceptable to participants, and contamination was low. However, recruitment and retention rates (11.3% and 67.3%, respectively) fell substantially short of target criteria (20% and 80%, respectively), and disproportionally recruited from the least deprived quintile. Only 57.4% of intervention participants reported receipt of the intervention (below the 80% progression threshold). Less than half reported the intervention to be acceptable at T2. Participant and staff interviews revealed barriers to intervention delivery and engagement related to the device design as well as context-specific technological challenges, all of which made it difficult to integrate the technology into the service. Routinely collected health economic measures had substantial missing data, suggesting that other methods for collecting these should be used in future. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate short- and long-term feasibility and acceptability of integrating wearable technologies into community-based ERSs. The findings highlight device- and context-specific barriers to doing this in routine practice, with typical exercise referral populations. Key criteria for progression to a full-scale evaluation were not met. Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN85785652; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85785652

Published
2019

44. The examination of mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates in an Arctic ultra-marathon.

Author

Graham, Scott Murray, Martindale, Russell J. J., McKinley, Mairi, Connaboy, Chris, Andronikos, Georgios, and Susmarski, Adam

Subjects
*AFFECT (Psychology), *ANALYSIS of variance, *PSYCHOLOGY of athletes, *LONGITUDINAL method, *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience, *STATISTICAL sampling, *SLEEP, *SPORTS injuries, *LONG-distance running, *DATA analysis software, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

There is scarcity of research examining the physiological and psychological effects of ultra-endurance racing on athletes in extreme conditions. The purpose of the current study was to identify common injury patterns and illness, profile mood states and sleep patterns and finally examine the relationships between mental toughness, sleep, mood and injury rates during a 120 mile, three-day Arctic ultra-marathon. Twelve participants (3 females, 9 males) with a mean age of 42 ± 5.35 yrs participated in the study. Mental toughness was measured using the MT18 questionnaire. Injuries were clinically assessed and recorded each day. Temperatures ranged from −20 to −6 degrees Celsius throughout the race. Sleep quantity and mood state were recorded using the BRUMS questionnaire. 10 out of the 12 participants experienced injuries; almost half of the participants had injuries that carried over a number of days. Mean sleep duration over the three days was 4.07 h, with an average of 0.78 injuries per day. Significant changes in mood were recorded across the three days, specifically a reduction in vigour (p =.029) and increase in fatigue (p =.014). Neither sleep quantity nor mental toughness was correlated with injury rate. Interestingly, sleep quantity was not related to changes in mood, as previously shown in ultra-marathons. Mental toughness had a moderate negative correlation (p < 0.01) with depression (−.623), reduced anger (−.616), confusion (−.558), increased vigour (.497) and tension (−.420) during the race. Success in this type of event involves significant psychological and physiological preparation to minimize the effects of sleep deprivation and avoidance of injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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45. Relationship between the talent development environment and motivation, commitment, and confidence.

Author

ANDRONIKOS, GEORGIOS, SOUGLIS, ATHANASIOS, and MARTINDALE, RUSSELL J. J.

Abstract

Introduction: Examining the influence of the talent development environment on athletes is crucial for understanding sport participation and the identifying the characteristics of effective talent development. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the relationship between the talent development environment and youth athletes' goals, life aspirations, commitment, and confidence. Methods: One hundred and twenty-six development Greek athletes aged 12 - 17completed a combination of five questionnaires(Talent Development Environment Questionnaire, Basic Psychological Needs Scale, Achievement Goal in Sport Questionnaire, Life Aspiration Inventory, and Mental Toughness Questionnaire)that measured the key environmental and personal characteristics in question. The data analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation, internal consistency, and hierarchical regressions. Results: Long-term development focus was a positive predictor of intrinsic goals (p=.04) and was associated, positively and negatively respectively, with relatedness and mastery-avoidance goals (p<.05). Lack of quality preparation predicted extrinsic goals (p<.01) and mastery-avoidance goals (p<0.01) but was negatively related with mastery-approach goals (p<.05). Long-term fundamentals predicted commitment (p<.05) and communication was positively associated with relatedness, but negatively related to extrinsic goals (p=.02) and mastery avoidance goals (p<.05). A mastery-approach promoted intrinsic goals (p<.04) and performance-avoidance orientation predicted extrinsic goals (p<.01).However, interestingly the environment did not predict confidence. Conclusions: Implications regarding the types of environments to facilitate successful development of young athletes were presented to provide coaches, teachers, and parents with the knowledge for effective talent development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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46. Searches for Double Beta Decay of $^{134}$Xe with EXO-200

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Anton, G., Badhrees, I., Barbeau, P. S., Bayerlein, R., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Cree, W., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hoessl, J., Hufschmidt, P., Hughes, M., Jamil, A., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Kr��cken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Li, S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Michel, T., Mong, B., Moore, D., Murray, K., Nelson, R., Njoya, O., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Reti��re, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Vogel, P., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Wagenpfeil, M., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., Zettlemoyer, J., and Ziegler, T.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

Searches for double beta decay of $^{134}$Xe were performed with EXO-200, a single-phase liquid xenon detector designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of $^{136}$Xe. Using an exposure of $29.6\text{ kg}\!\cdot\!\text{yr}$, the lower limits of $\text{T}_{1/2}^{2\nu\beta\!\beta}>8.7\cdot10^{20}\text{ yr}$ and $\text{T}_{1/2}^{0\nu\beta\!\beta}>1.1\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$ at 90% confidence level were derived, with corresponding half-life sensitivities of $1.2\cdot10^{21}\text{ yr}$ and $1.9\cdot10^{23}\text{ yr}$. These limits exceed those in the literature for $^{134}$Xe, improving by factors of nearly $10^{5}$ and 2 for the two antineutrino and neutrinoless modes, respectively., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017

47. Measurement of the drift velocity and transverse diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with the EXO-200 detector

Author

200 Collaboration, Albert, J. B., Barbeau, P. S., Beck, D., Belov, V., Breidenbach, M., Brunner, T., Burenkov, A., Cao, G. F., Cen, W. R., Chambers, C., Cleveland, B., Coon, M., Craycraft, A., Daniels, T., Danilov, M., Daugherty, S. J., Daughhetee, J., Davis, J., Delaquis, S., Der Mesrobian-Kabakian, A., DeVoe, R., Didberidze, T., Dilling, J., Dolgolenko, A., Dolinski, M. J., Dunford, M., Fairbank, W., Farine, J., Feyzbakhsh, S., Fierlinger, P., Fudenberg, D., Gornea, R., Graham, K., Gratta, G., Hall, C., Hughes, M., Jewell, M. J., Johnson, A., Johnson, T. N., Johnston, S., Karelin, A., Kaufman, L. J., Killick, R., Koffas, T., Kravitz, S., Krucken, R., Kuchenkov, A., Kumar, K. S., Lan, Y., Leonard, D. S., Licciardi, C., Lin, Y. H., MacLellan, R., Marino, M. G., Mong, B., Moore, D., Njoya, O., Nelson, R., Odian, A., Ostrovskiy, I., Piepke, A., Pocar, A., Prescott, C. Y., Retiere, F., Rowson, P. C., Russell, J. J., Schubert, A., Sinclair, D., Smith, E., Stekhanov, V., Tarka, M., Tolba, T., Tsang, R., Twelker, K., Vuilleumier, J. -L., Waite, A., Walton, J., Walton, T., Weber, M., Wen, L. J., Wichoski, U., Wood, J., Yang, L., Yen, Y. -R., Zeldovich, O. Ya., and Zettlemoyer, J.

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Time projection chamber, Drift velocity, Field (physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Charge (physics), Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Fick's laws of diffusion, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Xenon, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Diffusion (business), 010306 general physics
Abstract

The EXO-200 Collaboration is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay using a liquid xenon (LXe) time projection chamber. This measurement relies on modeling the transport of charge deposits produced by interactions in the LXe to allow discrimination between signal and background events. Here we present measurements of the transverse diffusion constant and drift velocity of electrons at drift fields between 20~V/cm and 615~V/cm using EXO-200 data. At the operating field of 380~V/cm EXO-200 measures a drift velocity of 1.705$_{-0.010}^{+0.014}$~mm/$\mu$s and a transverse diffusion coefficient of 55$\pm$4~cm$^2$/s., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, added minor clarifications recommended by the reviewer on E-field non-uniformities, minor edits to formatting of figures to conform with journal requirements

Published
2017

48. THE EFFECTS OF BRITISH ARMY FOOTWEAR ON GROUND REACTION FORCE AND TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF BRITISH ARMY FOOT DRILL.

Author

RAWCLIFFE, ALEX J., GRAHAM, SCOTT M., SIMPSON, RICHARD J., MOIR, GAVIN L., MARTINDALE, RUSSELL J. J., PSYCHARAKIS, STELIOS G., and CONNABOY, CHRIS

Subjects
MUSCULOSKELETAL system injuries, PREVENTION of injury, BIOMECHANICS, GAIT in humans, GROUND reaction forces (Biomechanics), MILITARY education, OVERUSE injuries, RUNNING, SHOES, MILITARY personnel, PLYOMETRICS, DESCRIPTIVE statistics
Abstract

High rates of occupational training-related lower-limb musculoskeletal (MSK) overuse injuries are reported for British Army recruits during basic training. Foot drill is a repetitive impact loading occupational activity and involves striking the ground violently with an extended-knee (straight-leg) landing. Foot drill produces vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) equal to or greater than those reported for high-level plyometric exercises/activities. Shock absorbing footwear aid in the attenuation of the magnitude of vGRF, resulting in a reduced risk of lower-limb MSK overuse injury when running. The potential shock absorbing characteristics of standard issue British Army footwear on the magnitude of vGRF and temporal parameters of foot drill are scant. Therefore, this study sought to determine the magnitude of and examine changes in vGRF and temporal parameters of foot drill across 3 types of British Army footwear. Sampled at 1,000 Hz, the mean of 8 trials from 15 recreationally active men were collected from 4 foot drills; stand-at-ease, stand-at-attention, quick-march (QM), and halt. Analysis of a normal walk was included to act as a comparison with QM. Significant main effects (P ≤ 0.05) were observed between footwear and foot drill. The training shoe (TR) demonstrated significantly greater shock absorbing capabilities when compared with the combat boot and ammunition boot. Foot drill produced peak vGRF and peak vertical rate of force development in excess of 5 bw, and 350 bw·s, respectively. Time to peak vGRF ranged from 0.016 to 0.036 ms across foot drills, indicating that passive vGRF may not be under neuromuscular control. The marginal reductions in the magnitude of vGRF and temporal parameters in foot drill associated with the TR may act to reduce the accumulative impact loading forces experienced by recruits, subsequently minimizing the severity and rates of lower-limb MSK overuse injuries and recruit medical discharges during basic training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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50. Talent Development: A Guide for Practice and Research Within Sport.

Author

Martindale, Russell J. J., Collins, Dave, and Daubney, Jim

Subjects
GIFTED children, EXCEPTIONAL children, GIFTED persons, EDUCATION, RESEARCH
Abstract

The transformation of talented youngsters into senior world-beaters is a topic of interest for practitioners and researchers alike. Unfortunately there is a dearth of research to guide the optimization of this process. Accordingly, this paper offers an overview of key themes apparent in the literature that have relevance to the effective development of talent. The five key generic features that emerge consistently include long-term aims and methods; wide ranging coherent messages and support; emphasis on appropriate development rather than early selection; individualized and ongoing development; and finally, integrated, holistic, and systematic development. In addition to the review, exemplars of current worldwide practice are used to further highlight both the need and direction for further research and more broad education of an effective talent development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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