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6 results on '"RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE"'

1. Livelihood strategies, environmental dependency and rural poverty: the case of two villages in rural Mozambique.

Author

Walelign, Solomon

Subjects
RURAL poor, HOUSEHOLDS -- Environmental aspects
Abstract

This article attempts to explore the nexus between rural households' environmental dependency, poverty and livelihood strategies. Households' income from each livelihood activities formed the basis for categorizing households according to livelihood strategies. The principal component analysis, agglomerative hierarchical and the k-means cluster analysis were employed to determine the four livelihood clusters and to assign households to the identified livelihood strategies. Households' environmental dependency, poverty and asset holding were compared across the strategies, and the determinants of livelihood choice were analyzed using multinomial logit model. The results indicate the existence of marked differences in environmental dependency, rural poverty and asset endowments across the livelihood groups. Household's total saving, access to credit, production implements, business cost, exposure to agricultural shock determined household's access to a more remunerative livelihood strategy. Incomes from each livelihood activities for the identified livelihood strategies were analyzed, and their implications were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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2. Republic of Niger : Measuring Poverty Trends

Author

World Bank

Subjects
MEASURES, ANTIPOVERTY POLICIES, REGIONAL POVERTY LINES, POOR POPULATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE, MILK, TRANSACTION COSTS, CONSUMPTION AGGREGATE, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SUBSISTENCE, CONSUMER PRICES, POOR, AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, UNEMPLOYMENT, INCOME, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, POVERTY RATES, FOOD PRICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, POVERTY, ABSOLUTE TERMS, CHANGES IN POVERTY, ECONOMIC INSECURITY, RUNNING WATER, WELFARE INDICATORS, BASIC FOODSTUFFS, RURAL PEOPLE, FARMING AREAS, FARMERS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, POOR HOUSEHOLD, LIVING STANDARDS, CONSUMPTION BASKET, ECONOMIC DIVERSIFICATION, DROP IN POVERTY, SANITATION, MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY, TRANSFERS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL AREAS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, WELFARE LEVEL, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, VEGETABLES, HOUSEHOLD DEMOGRAPHICS, RURAL WORKERS, DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, CONSUMPTION, POVERTY REDUCTION, FORMS OF POVERTY, REGIONAL LEVEL, CALORIE INTAKE, NATIONAL POVERTY RATE, SHEEP, CALORIES PER PERSON, ASSET POVERTY, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, WELFARE INDICATOR, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENTS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, INEQUALITY, FARMING SEASON, POVERTY GAP, DECLINE IN POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, IMPACT ON POVERTY, CONSUMPTION DATA, FOOD EXPENDITURES, POVERTY MAPS, POVERTY COMPARISONS, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, IRRIGATION, TOTAL POVERTY, POVERTY DYNAMICS, POVERTY MEASURES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, NATIONAL POVERTY, INCOME POVERTY, MEAT, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, FARMER, INFORMAL EMPLOYMENT, REGIONS, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY ESTIMATES, HUMAN CAPITAL, DIVERSITY OF LIVELIHOODS, NUTRITION, CALORIES PER PERSON PER DAY, DIVERSIFICATION, REGIONAL POVERTY, POTABLE WATER, POVERTY DATA, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, POVERTY INCIDENCE, REGION, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, ECOLOGICAL ZONES, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY LEVELS, CONSUMPTION PRICE, HOUSING, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, RURAL, RURAL POVERTY RATE, DECLINE IN POVERTY RATES, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY INDICATORS, CONSUMER GOODS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, POVERTY RATE
Abstract

Accurately measuring poverty and assessing trends in its incidence and severity are among the most fundamental challenges in economic development. The issue of effective poverty measurement has been the subject of renewed interest since the United Nations adopted the millennium development goals (MDGs) in 2000. In Niger, as in many comparable countries worldwide, poverty data are collected through household surveys of consumption patterns and living conditions. A number of methodological factors can affect the accuracy of consumption data during the collection phase, especially the number of survey visits, the time of year during which the questionnaire is administered, the recall period, and the composition of the consumption basket defined in the survey. The purpose of this paper is to produce a robust analysis of poverty trends in Niger from 2005 to 2011 by using the 2011 survey as the basis for monitoring poverty and correcting for methodological differences in earlier surveys. The decision to use the 2011 survey as the basis for establishing methodological consistency is rooted in two factors. First, the large variations in poverty estimates obtained in different survey periods are suspected to be due in part to changes in the survey methodology. Second, the 2011 survey coincided with the adoption of Niger’s current growth and poverty reduction strategy, programme de développement economique et social (PDES). The report describes the 2011 survey methodology and the techniques used to make the previous figures compatible with this methodology. It presents the revised poverty figures and discusses their implications. It also offers conclusions and recommendations.

Published
2015

3. Philippines Quarterly Update, June 2011 : Generating More Inclusive Growth

Author

World Bank

Subjects
PRIVATE INVESTMENT, FOOD PRICE, INFLATIONARY PRESSURES, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES, RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE, DEPOSIT, PUBLIC SECTOR DEBT, INFLATION, EMERGING MARKET, FISCAL DEFICIT, INVESTOR BEHAVIOR, INVESTOR CONFIDENCE, UNEMPLOYMENT, EXPORT GROWTH, RECESSION, FEDERAL RESERVE, EMERGING MARKET INVESTMENTS, PERSONAL INCOME, PORTFOLIO INFLOWS, POVERTY RATES, RETURNS, FINANCIAL MARKET, PER CAPITA INCOME, DEBT RATIOS, PUBLIC SPENDING, EMPLOYMENT IN AGRICULTURE, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, OUTSOURCING, WHOLESALE PRICES, TRANSPARENCY, EMERGING MARKETS, PRICE INCREASES, FINANCIAL MARKETS, SHORT-TERM DEBT, EMERGING ECONOMIES, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, SOVEREIGN DEBT, ISSUANCES, REMITTANCE, DEBT LEVEL, POVERTY PROFILE, TAX POLICY, PURCHASING POWER, TAX EXPENDITURES, BASIS POINTS, INCOME INEQUALITY, MONETARY POLICY, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, INCOME TAXES, LIQUIDITY, INTEREST RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, INCOME LEVELS, INTEREST PAYMENTS, INFLATION EXPECTATION, PER CAPITA INCOMES, FOREIGN PORTFOLIO, LEADING INDICATORS, PORTFOLIO INVESTMENT, TAX RATE, EXPANSIONARY FISCAL POLICY, HUMAN CAPITAL ENDOWMENTS, PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH, TARGETING, CONSUMERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, GDP, TRADE BALANCE, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, BASE YEAR, POLITICAL UNREST, PORTFOLIO, POVERTY DYNAMICS, INCOME TAX, EXPORTS, DEBT RATIO, DERIVATIVES, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, CURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTERNATIONAL RESERVES, DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES, POVERTY ESTIMATES, FINANCIAL SYSTEM, FISCAL POLICY, CAPITAL OUTLAYS, SPECIFIC TAXES, POOR PEOPLE, FORECASTS, NATURAL DISASTERS, GOVERNMENT SECURITIES, INFLATION TARGETING, RURAL AREA, FOREIGN INVESTMENTS, GOOD GOVERNANCE, INCOME LEVEL, EQUITY MARKET, FINANCIAL MARKET PARTICIPANTS, TRADE FINANCE, SECONDARY TRADING, COMMODITY PRICES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, MATURITY, REAL GDP, DOLLAR BONDS, POVERTY LINES, EXPOSURE, LABOR MARKETS, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, INCOME GROUPS, ISSUANCE, REAL ESTATE, LOW INTEREST RATES, SOVEREIGN RATINGS, RURAL, INFLATION EXPECTATIONS, CAPITAL FORMATION, POVERTY LINE, CASH TRANSFER, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, VOLATILITY, TAX SYSTEM, HOUSEHOLD PER CAPITA INCOME, TAX, INVENTORY, STOCK MARKET, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EXCHANGE RATES, OVERSEAS DEBT, COMMODITY, STOCKS, POOR, BANK LENDING, FINANCIAL INFLOWS, FINANCIAL DERIVATIVES, PRODUCTIVITY, INDEXATION, FINANCIAL CRISIS, RED TAPE, AGRICULTURAL YIELDS, FOOD PRICES, INFLATION RATE, DEBT MATURITY, GOVERNMENT BONDS, FOOD ITEMS, CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS, TAX COLLECTION, INCOME DYNAMICS, POVERTY REDUCING, LIVING STANDARDS, DOMESTIC LIQUIDITY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, WAGE GROWTH, RURAL INCOME, TRADE DEFICIT, WAGES, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, EXTERNAL DEBT, NATIONAL INCOME, NET EXPORTS, LABOR MARKET, STOCK EXCHANGE, POVERTY SEVERITY, COMPLIANCE COSTS, ECONOMIC EXPANSION, TRADE SECTOR, CONSUMER SPENDING, DURABLE, COMMODITY PRICE, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, RETURN, COUPON, RESERVE REQUIREMENT, AGRICULTURE, POVERTY GAP, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, FOOD EXPENDITURES, INFLATION TARGET, TAX INCENTIVES, DEFICITS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, ACCOUNTING, FOOD NEEDS, DEPOSIT ACCOUNTS, GLOBAL TRADE, REMITTANCES, FOOD SECURITY, POOR FAMILIES, BENCHMARK, GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECTS, DEBT STOCK, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, OUTPUT, OIL PRICES, RESERVE, BANKING INDUSTRIES, HUMAN CAPITAL, MARKET PERFORMANCE, NET CAPITAL, AGRICULTURAL INCOMES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, TREASURY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, ASSET PURCHASE, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, DURABLE EQUIPMENT, FOREIGN DEBTS, POVERTY INCIDENCE, GLOBAL BONDS, CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS, GROWTH RATE, SIDE EFFECTS, INTERNATIONAL POVERTY LINE, POVERTY THRESHOLD, DAMAGES, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, FOOD PRODUCTS, JOB CREATION, FISCAL CONSOLIDATION, COST ASSUMPTIONS, SAVINGS, CAPITAL INFLOWS, PUBLIC WORKS, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, POVERTY LINKAGES, YIELD CURVE, EXPENDITURE
Abstract

The Philippines quarterly update provides an update on key economic developments and policies over the past three months. It also presents findings from recent World Bank work on the Philippines. It places them in a longer-term and global context, and assesses the implications of these developments and other changes in policy for the outlook for the Philippines. Its coverage ranges from the macro-economy to financial markets to indicators of human welfare and development. It is intended for a wide audience, including policy makers, business leaders, financial market participants, and the community of analysts and professionals engaged in the Philippines. Though the revised gross domestic product (GDP) growth estimates show small deviation from the old base year and methodology, the revision has resulted in a nominal GDP which is 6 percent larger and hence, lower fiscal statistics as a percentage of GDP (e.g., lower tax effort, but improved debt ratio), but also important sectoral growth changes. Investment is now noticeably higher due to improved coverage and transfer of items previously booked under consumption (e.g., military goods) the investment-to-GDP ratio in 2010 is now 20.5 percent instead of 15.6 percent. The demand side growth continues to post a remarkable uptick in investment. Investment grew by 37 percent year-on-year and contributed 6.8 percentage points to GDP growth, mostly driven by durable equipment and private construction. Private construction grew by 22 percent, albeit at a slower pace than the preceding three quarters, and compensated for the contraction in public construction which shrank by 37.3 percent due to continued fiscal tightening and a high base effect. Investment in durable equipment grew 17 percent with the building up of inventory in industrial machineries and road vehicles.

Published
2011

4. Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia : A General Equilibrium Analysis

Author

Warr, Peter

Subjects
PRICE LEVELS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, INVENTORY, VALUE ADDED, ECONOMIC GROWTH, WELFARE MEASURE, DISTRIBUTIONAL EFFECTS, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE, TARIFF BARRIERS, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, MILK, FOOD POLICY, AGRICULTURAL LAND, ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CONSUMER PRICES, POOR, CONSUMER DEMAND, UNEMPLOYMENT, BENEFICIARIES, INCOME, INSTRUMENT, AGRICULTURAL SECTORS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, PERSONAL INCOME, FOOD PRICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, ABSOLUTE TERMS, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CHANGES IN POVERTY, UTILITY MAXIMIZATION, AGRICULTURAL REGIONS, GINI COEFFICIENT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES PER CAPITA, TRADE POLICY, FARMERS, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, CONSTANT RETURNS TO SCALE, POVERTY REDUCING, INVENTORIES, AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, VARIABLE COSTS, TOTAL COSTS, WAGES, GLOBAL ECONOMY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, PURCHASING POWER, RURAL POOR, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, DEFLATORS, PROFIT MAXIMIZATION, CONSUMER PRICE INDICES, VEGETABLES, LABOR MARKET, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, INCOME INEQUALITY, ELASTICITY, TOTAL OUTPUT, POVERTY REDUCTION, EQUILIBRIUM, SHEEP, PRICE CHANGES, TRADE POLICIES, EXCISE TAXES, INEQUALITY, VEGETABLE OILS, FIXED CAPITAL, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, TAX RATE, AGRICULTURE, CONSUMERS, CORPORATE INCOME TAXES, WELFARE IMPLICATIONS, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, TRADE BALANCE, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, STATIC ANALYSIS, ACCOUNTING, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, TAXATION, INCOME TAX, NATIONAL POVERTY, EXPORTS, GLOBAL TRADE, MEAT, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, GDP DEFLATOR, FARMER, DIMINISHING RETURNS TO SCALE, FACTOR DEMAND, NATIONAL POVERTY LINES, EXCHANGE RATE, POOR PEOPLE, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, CURRENCY, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE, FARM PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, FOOD COMMODITIES, GOVERNMENT SPENDING, POVERTY INCIDENCE, COMPETITIVE PROFIT, PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, CURRENT ACCOUNT SURPLUS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, REAL GDP, AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, RATES OF RETURN, FARMING HOUSEHOLDS, POVERTY LINES, INCOME GROUPS, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, GOVERNMENT BUDGET DEFICIT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, FOOD PRODUCTS, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES, RURAL, SMALL FARMERS, POVERTY LINE, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, SAVINGS, EXOGENOUS VARIABLES, DOMESTIC PRICES, CONSUMER GOODS, TRUST FUNDS, CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, DIMINISHING RETURNS, TAX SYSTEM
Abstract

A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor rural and urban have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also will decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.

Published
2009

5. Poverty Implications of Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Price Distortions in Pakistan

Author

Cororaton, Caesar B. and Orden, David

Subjects
BORDER PRICE, FOREIGN TRADE, PRICE LEVELS, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, REAL INCOME, TAX, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY, GLOBAL POVERTY, VALUE ADDED, DIVIDEND INCOME, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, WORLD TRADE, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, COMMODITIES, RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE, ELASTICITY OF SUBSTITUTION, DOMESTIC PRICE, COMMODITY, DEMAND FUNCTION, INFLATION, FOOD POLICY, RURAL GROWTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CONSUMER PRICES, DOMESTIC MARKET, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, BUDGET IMPLICATION, POOR, SUPPLY FUNCTION, health care economics and organizations, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, FIXED EXCHANGE RATE, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, INCOME, TRADE SECTORS, LANDHOLDINGS, TRADE TAX, DISPOSABLE INCOME, SALE, DECLINING WAGES, COMPETITIVENESS, FISCAL BURDEN, POVERTY RATES, RETURNS, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, FARM ACTIVITIES, CONSUMPTION INCREASES, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, GOVERNMENT FUNDS, LANDOWNERS, FARMERS, FINANCING REQUIREMENT, GOVERNMENT BUDGET, REAL EXCHANGE RATE, SKILLED WORKERS, PRICE INCREASES, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POVERTY IMPACT, EXPORT MARKET, INCOMES, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, AGRICULTURAL PRICE, INCOME EFFECTS, TAX STRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION, LAND HOLDINGS, TAX POLICY, WAGES, DEMAND CURVE, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, SUPPLY ELASTICITY, RURAL POOR, DOMESTIC MARKETS, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATIONAL INCOME, LABOR MARKET, WORLD MARKET, INCOME REDISTRIBUTION, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, POVERTY SEVERITY, INCOME INEQUALITY, ELASTICITY, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INCOME TAXES, CONSUMER PRICE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY INDEX, PRICING POLICIES, TRADE SECTOR, DIVIDEND, PRICE CHANGES, TRADE POLICIES, COMMODITY PRICE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES, INEQUALITY, MARKETING, FACTOR PRICES, TAX RATE, AGRICULTURE, DIVIDENDS, POVERTY GAP, PRICE CHANGE, CONSUMERS, MARKET PRICES, DEMAND ELASTICITY, WTO, DOMESTIC INFLATION, RATE OF RETURN TO CAPITAL, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS, WAGE RATES, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, IRRIGATION, SUBSTITUTES, POLITICAL ECONOMY, ACCOUNTING, POVERTY MEASURES, TAXATION, DROUGHT, INCOME TAX, NATIONAL POVERTY, EXPORTS, GLOBAL TRADE, POVERTY INDICES, REMITTANCES, MONOPOLY, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, DYNAMIC ANALYSIS, WORKERS ­ EXPERIENCE, EXCHANGE RATE, RATE OF RETURN, AGRICULTURAL PRICES, ECONOMIC MODELS, PRODUCTION STRUCTURE, RURAL AREA, FARM PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, GROSS VALUE, COMMERCE, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, TARIFF REVENUE, POVERTY INCIDENCE, COMMODITY PRICES, NOMINAL INCOME, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, REAL GDP, AGRICULTURAL WORKERS, RATES OF RETURN, POVERTY LINES, GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT, EQUILIBRIUM PRICES, SALES, EXPORT SECTORS, SUPPLY CURVE, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, SMALL FARMS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, LIBERALIZATIONS, RURAL, PRICE DISTORTIONS, HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS, TRADE TAXES, CAPITAL ACCUMULATION, POVERTY INDICATORS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, SAVINGS, DOMESTIC PRICES, TRUST FUNDS, ESTIMATES OF POVERTY, LOCAL CURRENCY, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, EXPENDITURE
Abstract

Using recent estimates of industry assistance rates, the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world and in Pakistan alone are analyzed using a global and a Pakistan computable general equilibrium (CGE) model under two tax replacement schemes: a direct income tax and an indirect tax replacement. The results indicate that the distributional and poverty effects in Pakistan of a unilateral liberalization of all traded goods are significantly greater than the effects of trade liberalization in the rest of the world. There is relatively higher increase in real income and larger decline in poverty incidence in poor households both in rural and urban areas. The effects of agricultural trade liberalization alone in both the rest of the world and in Pakistan are considerably smaller than those from trade liberalization involving all goods. In both the agricultural and all-goods trade liberalization scenarios involving direct income tax replacement, real household income is raised and the poverty incidence is lowered at varied rates across all household groups except for the urban non-poor. When an indirect tax replacement is used, where the burden of replacing tariff revenue is shared by all household groups depending on their consumption structure, there is reduction in household income for most of the groups and less reduction of poverty.

Published
2009

6. Agricultural Trade Reform and Poverty in Thailand : A General Equilibrium Analysis

Author

Warr, Peter

Subjects
REDUCTION IN POVERTY, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE, EXPORT SUBSIDIES, EXPORT VOLUME, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, INVENTORY, ECONOMIC GROWTH, WORLD TRADE, RURAL POVERTY INCIDENCE, TARIFF BARRIERS, MILK, FOOD POLICY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CONSUMER PRICES, POOR, IMPORT PRICE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, CONSUMER DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL SECTORS, IMPORT, QUOTAS, FOOD PRICES, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, ABSOLUTE TERMS, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, CHANGES IN POVERTY, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS, GINI COEFFICIENT, TRADE DATA, RURAL PEOPLE, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS, TRADE POLICY, POVERTY REDUCING, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, AGRICULTURAL LIBERALIZATION, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS, TOTAL COSTS, WAGES, GLOBAL ECONOMY, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POVERTY, PURCHASING POWER, RURAL POOR, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, VEGETABLES, EXPORTER, AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, INCOME INEQUALITY, ELASTICITY, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, POVERTY REDUCTION, SHEEP, TRADE POLICIES, INEQUALITY, VEGETABLE OILS, AGRICULTURE, CONSUMERS, MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS, DISTORTIONS, STATIC ANALYSIS, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, TAXATION, NATIONAL POVERTY, EXPORTS, MEAT, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, GDP DEFLATOR, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, FARMER, PURCHASING POWER PARITY, FARM HOUSEHOLDS, POOR PEOPLE, PRODUCTION SIDE, CURRENCY, EXPENDITURE INCREASES, EXPORT SUBSIDY, FARM PRODUCTS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, WEIGHTS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, POVERTY INCIDENCE, COMMODITY PRICES, IMPORTS, REAL GDP, COMMODITY MARKETS, IMPORT PRICES, POVERTY LINES, WORLD ECONOMY, EXPORT COMMODITY, POOR HOUSEHOLDS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS, RURAL, POVERTY LINE, CASH TRANSFERS, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT, ECONOMIC MODEL, INTERNATIONAL PRICES
Abstract

A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Thailand of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that across the board trade liberalization is poverty-reducing within Thailand, whether other countries participate in the liberalization or not. This poverty reduction occurs among both farm and non-farm households and this qualitative outcome is not dependent on the particular poverty line used in the analysis. Liberalization in agricultural products alone raises poverty incidence among farm households, while reducing it slightly among non-farm households.

Published
2009

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