Search

This paper examines the effectiveness of public meetings for food security communication, that is, communication about the government’s rural food security enhancement programs and people’s participation in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts of eastern Tigray, Ethiopia. Ethnography was used as the research design, involving semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, and document reviews. The results revealed that development experts and government representatives dominate public meetings and that the deep-rooted socio-economic problems of rural people are not adequately discussed. Although public meetings are conceived as venues to help people collectively discuss their priority concerns and identify solutions, they are criticized for not embracing people’s input in decision-making processes. Although representation is necessary for public meetings, rural food securityrelated programs in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts do not necessarily embrace public representation. Overall, people in both districts played a nominal role in decision-making domains. This study contributes to our understanding of the effectiveness and limitations of public meetings as a communication approach in rural development in areas with limited access to technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: The development of the rural areas relies heavily on addressing health issues and ensuring access to healthcare for the villagers. The primary objective of this research is to explore the perceptions and experiences related to access to health services among the residents of the Falard county in Lordegan, Iran. Material and Methods: This study employed a qualitative research method utilizing grounded theory. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, achieving saturation with a sample of 20 participants. The manuscript data were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding methods, ultimately leading to the development of a grounded theory. Results: The findings showed that the understanding and experience of the villagers is based on the change in the pattern of diseases and the need for specialized and super-specialized services, and in this context, a kind of comparison is made with the urban dwellers. The participants face obstacles to receive the mentioned services, while the actions of the rural health house centers are not up to their expectations. The three main categories which explored are: incomplete access and coverage, feelings of inequality, and marginalization. The central theme of this research is encapsulated in the concept of an intensified perception of inequality in access to health services. Conclusion: The development of rural villages relies heavily on addressing health issues and ensuring access to related services. Despite the significant efforts made by governments over the past four decades to improve rural health, access to these services remains a critical concern. The changing patterns of diseases, the aging population of villagers, and the growing sense of relative deprivation and inequality in accessing health services are the most pressing challenges that health policymakers must prioritize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Menoufia Journal of Agricultural Economic & Social Science is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research aimed to: Identify the factors affecting environmental citizenship and its dimensions for rural people in light of climate change in Sharkia Governorate. The data was collected using a social survey approach on a random sample about 201 rural families in Al-Hamadin in Al-Husseiniyah district, and Qasha, in Mashtoul Al-Souq district in Sharkia Governorate. Data was collected using a personal interview questionnaire during from beginning of September until end of October 2023. Data was analyzed using: frequencies, percentages, weighted average, Pearson correlation coefficient, “Step wise” regression coefficient, T Test, and “ANOVA” Test. The research reached several results, which are: The level of environmental citizenship for the rural people was medium 62.2%. The most important of environmental citizenship dimensions is the environmental rights dimension with of 81.8 degrees, while the environmental justice dimension was in last place with of 66.8 degrees. Also it found that statistically significant differences in the level of environmental citizenship and its dimensions according to gender in favor of male. The results also found four independent variables contributed significantly together to explaining total variation in the level of environmental citizenship for rural people at 39.1%. These variables are: Attitude toward belonging to the local community (17.3%), level of future ambition (14.9%), age (5.9%) and level of cultural openness (1%), and the effects of these variables were all positive, except age which had a negative impact on level of environmental citizenship for the rural people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of premature morbidity and mortality in our daily clinical practice. Various studies carried out in the urban settings, but there is scarcity of epidemiological data regarding hypertension among the rural people in Bangladesh. Therefore, this current study has been designed to find out the frequency and risk factors stratification of hypertension among the rural people in Jashore, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 1812 participants above 18 years attending on national hypertensive week of 2019 in Bagherpara and Keshabpur upazila (subdistrict) health complex in Jashore, Bangladesh. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines had been demonstrated to classify hypertension. Results: Out of the total study population, the frequency of hypertension was 20.6% (Grade 1 and Grade 2 hypertensive patients 15.8% and 4.9%, respectively), and high normal blood pressure was 9.0%. The mean age of the study population, Grade 1 hypertensive and Grade 2 hypertensive cohorts were 42 ± 16, 49 ± 15 and 51 ± 14 years, respectively, with a male and female ratio was 1:2. Progressive rise of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed with increasing age. Age (P:

Due to excessive dependence on the climate, the villagers have experienced the greatest effects of climate change in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to increase their resilience against the effects of climate change by adopting measures. The current descriptive and exploratory research was conducted with the aim of conducting a strategic analysis of the resilience of sustainable rural livelihoods against climate change using SWOT technique. The statistical population included 21 subject specialists. The sampling method was purposeful. The results obtained included 27 strengths (final coefficient = 4.032), 39 weaknesses (final coefficient = 3.723), 21 opportunities (final coefficient = 3.940) and 20 threats (final coefficient = 3.410). The SWOT matrix indicated that the dominant strategy is in the SO (offensive) area. In this regard, four offensive strategies were proposed including: SO1 (S1, S8, O3, O7: Using the technical ability of leading farmers and gardeners in educational and extension activities), SO2 (S2, O2, O10: Empowerment of extension developers by providing continuous at-services training to climate change), SO3 (S3, O5, O7: Using press media to inform farmers about climate change) and SO4 (S7, O7: Increase the connection between the extension system and research centers and paying serious attention to the issue of adapting to climate change). In the following, some strategies were determined for three other strategic areas including WO (conservative), ST (competitive) and WT (defensive). The proposed strategies can be used by policy makers in the field of rural development and agriculture.

This study aims to document the ethnobotanical knowledge of rural people from different villages of Agaya Narah Gram Panchayat, West Bengal, India. A total of 67 informants from nine ethnic communities were interviewed, and the collected information was examined qualitatively and quantitatively using various ethnobotanical indices such as use value (UV), informative consensus factor (Fic), fidelity value (FL) and Jaccard index (JI). We documented 32 plants belonging to 21 families and 32 genera. The most represented family is Apocynaceae (6 species), and the most used plant part is the fruit. The quantitative analysis revealed that the UV of the plants ranged from 0.12 to 0.66, while the Fic was found to be the highest (1.0) for worm disease, eye disease, and arthritis. Thirteen plants were found to possess a 100% FL value for different diseases. A high degree of similarity index (JI value) was calculated when compared with a study reported from the Jatasankar Region, Gujarat, India. The inhabitants of the study area have sound knowledge of the medicinal use of plants, which needs to be further investigated through systematic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences (2522-3380) is the property of Arab Journal of Sciences & Research Publishing (AJSRP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors of premature morbidity and mortality in our daily clinical practice. Various studies carried out in the urban settings, but there is scarcity of epidemiological data regarding hypertension among the rural people in Bangladesh. Therefore, this current study has been designed to find out the frequency and risk factors stratification of hypertension among the rural people in Jashore, Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 1812 participants above 18 years attending on national hypertensive week of 2019 in Bagherpara and Keshabpur upazila (subdistrict) health complex in Jashore, Bangladesh. 2020 International Society of Hypertension Global Hypertension Practice Guidelines had been demonstrated to classify hypertension. Results: Out of the total study population, the frequency of hypertension was 20.6% (Grade 1 and Grade 2 hypertensive patients 15.8% and 4.9%, respectively), and high normal blood pressure was 9.0%. The mean age of the study population, Grade 1 hypertensive and Grade 2 hypertensive cohorts were 42 ± 16, 49 ± 15 and 51 ± 14 years, respectively, with a male and female ratio was 1:2. Progressive rise of mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were noticed with increasing age. Age (P: <0.001), sex (P: 0.004), occupation (P: <0.001), BMI (P: <0.001), family (P: <0.001) and past history (P: <0.001) of hypertension, sedentary life style (P: 0.004), additional salt intake (P: <0.001) and smoking (P: 0.011) were significantly associated with hypertension following bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age after 50 years (AOR = 1.866, 95% CI: 1.210-2.876), positive past history of hypertension (AOR = 3.493, 95% CI: 2.676-4.558), additional salt intake (AOR = 0.591, 95% CI: 0.453-0.770) and obesity (AOR = 3.389, 95% CI: 1.830-6.274) were significantly associated with developing hypertension. Conclusion: High frequency of hypertension was found among the rural population in Bangladesh where presence with a lot of significantly associated risk factors. The data would be helpful for the health policymakers dealing noncommunicable diseases to reach the sustainable goal and mitigate morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past, the rural areas of West Java had rich various bird species. Local rural communities have Local Knowledge or Traditional Ecological Knowledge of birds because, in their daily lives, they are close to interacting with various birds in rural ecosystems. However, currently, the bird population in rural ecosystems in West Java has been declining due to various factors, including damage or loss of bird habitats, pesticide disturbances, and hunting of birds for trade both in villages and towns. This study aimed to elucidate local knowledge of the nomenclature and classification of birds of the villagers, the functions of socio-economic-culture and ecology of birds based on the village community, and various disturbances to bird species in the village area. Study was undertaken in Bojongsalam and Sukaresmi Village, Rongga District, West Bandung, Cisokan Watershed, West Java. The method used was the qualitative method with an ethnoornithological approach. The result of the study showed that the rural communities of the Upper Cisokan watershed still have quite deep local knowledge of various bird species. Bird species are important in socioeconomic, cultural, and ecological functions. Disturbance to bird populations, among others, due to the construction of the Cisokan hydropower project, and intensively hunted by the rural people for trading both in villages and urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rainwater harvesting systems is an effective method for the utilization of surface water resources in rural and agricultural areas especially and can be considered as a factor for the development of these areas. However, since site selection and identifying suitable places to implement this technology in rural areas is one of the most important and basic steps of using these systems, the main purpose of this study was to determine the location of rain water harvesting systems for sustainable rural development in Northern Savadkooh county. This research was carried out using remote sensing technology and using satellite images, meteorological organization data and geographic information system and Analytical Hierarchy Process. For this purpose, data were collected through pair wise comparison questionnaire by 16 samples among water sources and the paired matrix of criteria and the weight of each was estimated. Then the layers of each criterion were combined and the final layer of susceptible areas was determined. Based on the results, this county was classified into four categories: unsuitable, medium talent, good talent and suitable talent. According to the talent of the region, this city is classified into four categories: unfit, medium talent, good and suitable, and the suitable and good areas cover a total of 57.2 percent of the study area. Applying appropriate methods of rainwater extraction can be used to store rainwater and optimal management to prevent wastage of surface water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examined the use of extension agents in connecting rural people to food security programs in the Irob and Gulomekeda districts, in eastern Tigray, Ethiopia. This study employed qualitative research involving 50 semi-structured interviews, 10 focus group discussions, and 15 hours of personal observation. Extension agents use public meetings to transfer agricultural technologies to rural people. However, results showed that public meetings are ineffective to connect rural people to food security programs. This has limited peoples' power to voice their concerns and restrained their agency to sanction their choices and negotiate the structures. Besides, the food security implementation procedures are not inclusive limiting people's participation in the strategy design and strategy implementation procedures. Study results also showed that administrative challenges and personal incompetence have affected extension agents from undertaking their duties effectively. Overall, despite Ethiopia invests in agricultural extension systems, little has been achieved to improve rural food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has posed the in-service training of agents of the Farmers, Rural People, Nomads Social Insurance Fund (hereafter the Fund) to many problems. In-service training is one of the most effective development factors for organizational goals. This sort of training will increase employees' skills and subsequently improve their job performance. Accordingly, the present research mainly aimed to shed light on the effect of in-service training policy on employees' capabilities and job performance.MethodsThe research was conducted among the agents of the Fund in Fars province, Iran (N = 197) out of whom 127 agents were sampled by simple randomization. The research instrument was a standard questionnaire whose face and content validity was confirmed by a panel of experts and its reliability was determined by calculating Cronbach's alpha in a pilot study. The results showed that the indicators used to measure the research variables were acceptably consistent with the factor structure and the theoretical framework of the research.Results and discussionBased on the findings, in-service training in the Fund during the COVID-19 pandemic has had a positive and significant effect on the agents' capabilities (communication and team-working skills, creativity and problem-solving skills, commitment and responsibility, technical information and knowledge, and technical and practical skills) and job performance at the individual, technical, and general levels. Also, the agents' capabilities have had a positive and significant influence on their job performance. It can be concluded that in-service training can influence the agents' capabilities and job performance and improve organizational performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the enhancement of in-service training courses' quantity and quality during the COVID-19 pandemic can influence the job performance of the agents at the individual, general, and technical performance levels.

• This is first ethnomedicinal survey conducted in the Kangra valley. • Study includes systematic documentation using quantitative indices. • A total of 108 plants belonging to 51 families and 95 genera were reported. • Various ailments treated and route of administration were reported. The importance of medicinal plants in traditional health care practices has long been recognized as a source of biodiversity conservation and research. However, many remote areas of Himachal Pradesh lack information upon the usage of plants for medicinal purposes. The current study was conducted in Kangra Valley (district Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India) from March 2020 to August 2021 for the documentation of ethnomedicinal plants. Information on the ethnomedicinal plants was collected through extensive field visits using a pretested questionnaire, interviews and group discussions with the selected informants. Data collected from the study site were analysed using three different quantitative indices, viz., use-value, informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (Fl), (%) to check the importance and homogeneity of traditional ethnomedicinal knowledge among the informants of the study site. A total of 116 informants were selected using the snowball sampling technique. The rural inhabitants of the study area reported a total of 108 plants belonging to 51 families and 95 genera. A maximum number of plant species was reported from the Fabaceae (9) family, followed by Rosaceae (6), Moraceae (5) and Euphorbiaceae (5). The plant part that was most frequently used for the preparation of traditional remedies includes leaves (31%), followed by fruits (13%), whole plants (12%), bark (11%), roots (10%) and flowers (8%). Most of the plant species were used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders (73), followed by dermatological (55) and respiratory disorders (38). The informants reported that the younger generation was not very interested in traditional knowledge due to cultural changes and the acceptance of Western culture. As a result, documenting traditional knowledge and ethnomedicinal plants from various parts of the world is critical. It not only helps in the documentation but also helps in the conservation and protection of endemic and endangered medicinal plants globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the unsettling stories of poverty from rural Indonesia in two films, Siti (2014) and Turah (2016). The concept of structural poverty enables a thorough analysis of these films' depictions of poverty and the main characters' reactions to the poverty they experience. This paper also employs the concept of gendered poverty to highlight how gender injustice perpetuates the poverty of women, as depicted in the films. Both structural and gendered poverty are propagated by the interpellation of ideological state apparatuses. This paper argues that the poverty of the rural people depicted in both films results from structural engineering by the elite, not from natural or inevitable conditions. This poverty is further intensified by the patriarchal culture of rural communities, which perpetuates gender inequality and results in deeper poverty for women. Every woman in these two films seems to have accepted, or at least resigned herself to, the patriarchal system and the gendered poverty it produces. The sole exception is Siti, who struggles against the double burden of being both housewife and breadwinner, resisting the naturalization of poverty and thereby revealing the role that ideological state apparatuses play in perpetuating oppression in society writ large as well as in individuals' minds and souls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundHypertension is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Enhancing health literacy (HL) may help to alleviate the risk of hypertension and its burden. However, evidence on the association between HL and hypertension and potential mechanisms remain to be explored.ObjectivesThis study examined the association between HL and hypertension; and explored whether body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (PBF), and visceral fat (VF) were mediators of this association in people who resided in rural and suburban areas in Vietnam.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted from 1st July to 31st December 2019, involving 1655 residents and exploring participants' sociodemographic characteristics, HL, health-related behaviors, comorbidities, body composition, and blood pressure (BP). People with systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or using antihypertensive medication were classified as having hypertension. Multiple logistic regression and mediation analyses were used to explore associations.ResultsThe hypertension prevalence was 41.9% (694/1,655). In adjusted models, a higher HL score was associated with a lower hypertension likelihood (OR = 0.96; 95%CI = 0.95–0.97; p < 0.001). Factors associated with a higher odd of hypertension were overweight/obese (OR = 1.69; 95%CI = 1.24–2.29; p = 0.001), high PBF (OR = 2.35; 95%CI = 1.85–2.99; p < 0.001), and high VF (OR = 2.27; 95%CI = 1.63–3.16; p < 0.001). Notably, PBF significantly mediated the association between HL and hypertension (indirect effect, OR = 0.99; 95%CI = 0.98–0.99; p = 0.009; percent mediated = 8.56%). The mediating roles of BMI and VF were not found.ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension was relatively high. People with better HL were less likely to have hypertension. The association between HL and hypertension was partially explained by PBF. Strategic approaches are required to improve people's HL and body fat which further help to manage hypertension in rural and suburban areas.

Abstract Background Food security is considered a pivotal factor for the sustainable development of communities and focus on this issue in rural areas. More specifically, it is of paramount importance in developing countries. Accordingly, this descriptive-analytical study aimed to evaluate the status of food security in rural areas of Iran. The main originality of the present study is to assess the strategic future-oriented vision for food security in addition to the evaluation of the current status of the studied area. Methodology Data were collected using the standard questionnaire of U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and a researcher-made close-ended questionnaire. The validity and reliability of the research instrument were confirmed by a panel of specialists and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, respectively. In addition, data analysis was performed using SPSS24 (to analyze the descriptive statistics) and Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (FTOPSIS). Results According to the results, 80% of the villagers suffered from food insecurity (25% in low food insecurity situation, 42% in moderate food insecurity situation, and 13% in severe food insecurity situation). Evaluation of the factors affecting food insecurity demonstrated that economic (standardized weight of 0.566), stability (standardized weight of 0.559), and availability (standardized weight of 0.558) were the most important components affecting food insecurity. Moreover, in a systemic approach, the growth of migration from rural to urban areas, pressure on water and soil resources, and the occurrence of environmental hazards are of the most significant consequences of food insecurity. In addition, due to the excessive use of underground water for cucurbits, which is the dominant cultivation pattern in this region, the groundwater level has dropped sharply in some villages farther from the city which can be alarming for exacerbating food insecurity in the near future. Conclusion Since the low-income level of villagers, lack of job diversity, and lack of access to adequate food are the main reasons for food insecurity, in this respect, it is suggested that more attention be paid to the development of occupations and job diversity in these regions by decision-makers and policy-makers.

The closure of schools located in rural communities in Brazil by public authorities has been recurrent in the country. Based on the development of a quantitive and qualitative research, characterized as a case study, this work sought to analyze the closure process of a school located in the rural area of ​​the municipality of Tocantinópolis-TO, and its consequences for students and their families. The research corpus consists of semi-structured interviews with social actors in the community (six students, a student’s parent, a principal and the municipality’s Secretary of Education), in addition to documents. Among the results of the research, it is worth mentioning that in 2018 the number of students who lived in Ribeirão Grande II village and its surroundings and who studied in the urban area of Tocantinópolis totaled 78, and that these students had to travel an average of 15 km daily by bus to the schools in urban area. Of this total, 28 students are between 4 and 10 years old and are enrolled from kindergarten I to 4th grade. Considering the principle that rural people need an education that is in and out of the countryside and that the school should value knowledge, cultural identity, history, as well as the struggles of peasants in training processes, it is important to emphasize the reopening of a school in the community to serve the students who live there.

Antibiotic resistance is a serious global health problem. This study endeavours to assess the current knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding antibiotic usage among the rural people of Meherpur district, Bangladesh. This study followed quantitative approach and used social survey method to collect data from 399 respondents of Meherpur district. Results reveal that the respondents had a moderate knowledge of antibiotic usage but a negative attitude towards following the guideline and poor practice in using antibiotics made the situation worse for them. The findings of this study will help for the policymakers to develop the current awareness level of the rural people regarding antibiotic use and will provide a guideline for the improvement of current community clinics health-care providers' efficiency on their service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Goats, more popular than cattle in rural Benin, are mainly kept for meat production. Their milk is still unpopular but can provide the much-needed nutrients for children in food-insecure households. This study explored the socio-economic factors affecting the attitude of rural households in the Niger Valley of Benin toward goat milk consumption. Data were collected through individual face-to-face interviews of 721 heads of households or their representatives. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to test the association between socioeconomic variables and goat milk consumption. Goat milk and its products were consumed in 14.7% of the surveyed households and were not part of the traditional diets of remaining 81.8%. Their sensory qualities were further reasons reported by 18.4% of respondents for their non-consumption. A household's likelihood to consume goat milk or its derivatives was significantly influenced by the sociocultural background of its head and whether it kept goats or not. The odds of consuming goat milk and/or its derivatives were 2.285 and 2.017 times higher, respectively, for households from Dendi and Peulh socio-cultural groups. Despite the recorded cultural barriers, there is room for increasing goat milk consumption by rural households by increasing its availability and raising awareness of its nutritional and health benefits.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the tuberculosis (TB)-related social stigma and health beliefs among residents of Gorgan's rural areas, North of Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional research, 672 individuals in Golestan were enrolled. The target group included non-TB individuals aged 15 years and above with no TB patients in their families at the time of study. They were selected by two-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 2 sections. The first section included demographic information. The second section was related to the questions of perceived susceptibility (n = 5), perceived severity (n = 7), and social stigma (n = 11) measures. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. Findings: The mean age of respondents was 33.00 ± 1.17 years. In this study, only 5.6% of the individuals had high perceived susceptibility. 97.7% of the samples had a moderate and high level of severity. This percent is 91.5% for social stigma. Pearson correlation test showed a direct relationship between perceived severity and social stigma (r = 0.30) and an inverse relationship between perceived susceptibility and perceived severity (r = -0.13). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, levels of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, and social stigma among people were moderate. Therefore, intervention studies should focus on initiating health education and health promotion programs in order to increase perceived susceptibility and decrease social stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study attempted to understand rural Bangladesh's health information, awareness level, and preventive measures in the Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey by face-to-face interview was conducted with rural people from 14 June 2020 to 13 August 2020. An ordered logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. A total of 3,007 people (Female = 55.97%; Male = 44.03%) participated in the survey who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The demography of respondents revealed that a significant portion of villagers were within the ages 21-30 (26.80%), had primary education (23.88%), unemployed (31.73%), and middle class (56.17%). The most common and influential used media to know about the Coronavirus disease were electronic media and relative/family/friend/neighbors. Change of demography created a spectacular difference in public awareness level and hygiene practice. Female, illiterate, poor, and age above 60 were comparatively less aware of seven essential facts about the disease. There was no mentionable difference in personal hygienic practices due to sex. But particpants who were aged 51-60 years, graduates or postgraduates, unmarried, government or non-government employees and middle class exhibitedthe best hygiene practice over other features. Invariably, the education level of rural people had a positive effect on awareness and preventive measures. Conclusions: Overall, the government and policymakers must identify vulnerable groups whose awareness and hygienic practices are not at the optimum level. Afterward, the government and related organizations should take necessary measures immediately to protect these groups from COVID-19 threats until the complete immunization.

BACKGROUND The study attempted to understand rural Bangladesh's health information, awareness level, and preventive measures in the Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS A cross-sectional survey by face-to-face interview was conducted with rural people from 14 June 2020 to 13 August 2020. An ordered logistic regression model was employed for data analysis. A total of 3,007 people (Female = 55.97%; Male = 44.03%) participated in the survey who met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The demography of respondents revealed that a significant portion of villagers were within the ages 21-30 (26.80%), had primary education (23.88%), unemployed (31.73%), and middle class (56.17%). The most common and influential used media to know about the Coronavirus disease were electronic media and relative/family/friend/neighbors. Change of demography created a spectacular difference in public awareness level and hygiene practice. Female, illiterate, poor, and age above 60 were comparatively less aware of seven essential facts about the disease. There was no mentionable difference in personal hygienic practices due to sex. But particpants who were aged 51-60 years, graduates or postgraduates, unmarried, government or non-government employees and middle class exhibitedthe best hygiene practice over other features. Invariably, the education level of rural people had a positive effect on awareness and preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the government and policymakers must identify vulnerable groups whose awareness and hygienic practices are not at the optimum level. Afterward, the government and related organizations should take necessary measures immediately to protect these groups from COVID-19 threats until the complete immunization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of current study is to provide a significant traditional knowledge on wild medicines used for ethnoveterinary purposes in the rural area of Maraog region in district Shimla. The medicinal plants have played a significant role in the treatment of human as well as animal’s diseases. The rural people of the Maraog region were interviewed through a questionnaire and extensive field surveys were conducted from June 2020 to July 2021. The discussion, observations and interviews were conducted in study site and included 96 informants. The information gathered from the residents is presented in a table format and includes scientific and local names, different parts used diseases treated and mode administration. The most commonly used taxa are calculated with used value. The study revealed 100 plants in which trees (7), shrubs (26), herbs (56), ferns (5), grasses (3) and climbers (3) were identified. The most commonly documented livestock diseases were found to be hoof infections, eyes infections, poisoning and skin infections. In the current study, the Rosaceae family was reported as being the highest number (11), followed by Asteraceae (10) and then Lamiaceae (6). It was found that leaves, roots, flowers and fruits are the commonly used parts for ethnoveterinary medications. The phytochemicals present in the plant, such as alkaloids, sterols glycosides, flavonoids, lignin, coumarins and terpenoids, etc., may be responsible for their medicinal properties. In this documentation, it was observed that the younger generation does not have good knowledge of medicinal plants as compared to the older ones. Therefore, it is necessary to preserve the traditional knowledge of these medicinal plants before their permanent loss. The documentation and conservation of medicinal plants can be a good start for novel phytopharmacological research in the veterinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis discovered in ancient centuries still remains a major public health problem in India. Lack of awareness about the cause, risk factors, treatment and prevention of TB among rural people is a major challenge to be addressed to reduce disease transmission. Aims: To assess the knowledge of TB among rural people. To assess the awareness about RNTCP services. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected villages attached to a medical college. Methods and Materials: Houses were selected by systematic random sampling method and younger person was identified as study subject. Data were collected from a sample of 300 by predesigned pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were presented in proportions with confidence interval and Chi-square test was applied to find the association between variables by using SPSS ver. 23. Results: The study showed that 79.6% knew that the cause of TB is bacteria. Majority of the participants 93.6% (95% CI: 90.3, 96.1) knew that TB primarily affects lungs. Subjects were aware of free diagnostic services (85.3%), free treatment services (89%) available in the govt setup. Conclusions: Although the awareness of symptoms, causative agent, mode of spread was reasonably good, knowledge on availability of DOTS centres, services offered through RNTCP is still poor among rural population.

Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The basic needs of citizens, such as information, education, entertainment and health services, may be addressed through the establishment of Community Service Centres. The CSC Network will serve as a significant connectivity backbone to provide e-government, elearning and other IT-enabled platforms. In this paper, the investigator attempts to analyse the information needs of rural people in Tamilnadu and to identify the relevance of the Community Service Centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study examines the correlation between Canadian University Student Oversea International credit facilities, entrepreneurship development programme and the socio-economic life of rural people in Southern Senatorial District. Adopting the survey research method, data was collected from 400 participants from a population of 3847 beneficiaries of the various CUSO programs in Southern Cross River State, using a structured questionnaire. The participants were selected using proportional stratified and accidental sampling technique. Elicited data was analyzed using descriptive statistics before the result was then subjected to correlation analysis at 0.05 confidence level. The descriptive analysis revealed that all the participants, 371 (100.00%), were beneficiaries. 335 (90.30%) participants reported that their socioeconomic status has improved since they benefitted from the CUSO microcredit scheme. 352 (94.88) participants reported that they were beneficiaries of the CUSO entrepreneurship program. 346 (93.3%) reported that the entrepreneurship development program has helped improved their employment status. From the parametric statistics carried out, it was discovered that there was a statistically significant correlation (r (369) = 0.113; p <0.05) between CUSO credit facilities and the Socioeconomic life of rural people. The result also revealed a statistically significant relationship between CUSO international entrepreneurship development programme and the Socioeconomic life of rural people. The study thereby calls for an expansion in the number of beneficiaries of the CUSO program.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed basi-cally at identifying and analyzeing the types of social participation of rural people at Menoufia governorate, and identifying the most important correlates and determinants of social participation types. Data were collected from a random sample of 200 respondents, in two villages at Menoufia governorate through personal interviews with respondents. The study was carried out in two villages in El-Shohadaa district at Menoufia governorate, the first village was Sahel El-Gawaber and the second village was Kafer El-Swalmya, 100 respondents were selected randomly from each village. Data were collected through personal interviews with respondents. The simple correlation Coefficients, multiple correlation and regression (step-wise) analysis, percentages, range, mean, standard deviation, reliability estimate, and F-test were used to analyze the data with SPSS )Statistical Package for Social Sciences). The most important findings of the study were: 1-The majority of rural people have a low participation degree in both social organizations and environmental activities, while the majority of them have a medium participation degree in both developmental projects, informal social activities and opinion participation. In general, 38.5% from respondents have a low degree of social participation, while 51.5% of them have a medium degree. 2- The findings of step-wise multiple regression analysis indicated that: - The most important variables affecting degree of rural people's participation in social organizations, respectively, were geographical cosmoplitnes, cultural cosmoplitness, attitudes towardes voluntary participation, attitudes towardes environment, Animal and poultry possession and trust in governmental agencies. These six significant independent variables explained only 24.5% of the total variance of the rural people's participation degree in social organizations. - The most important variables affecting degree of rural people's participation in informal social activities, respectively, were cultural cosmoplitness, visiting of service centers, trust in governmental agencies and monthly income. These four significant independent variables explained only 29.4% of the total variance of the rural people's participation degree in informal social activities. - The most important variables affecting degree of rural people's participation in opinion, respectively, were trust in governmental agencies, visiting of service centers, satisfaction about the local community and standard of living. These four significant independent variables explained only 15.1% of the total variance of the rural people's participation degree in opinion. - The most important variables affecting degree of rural people's participation in developmental projects, respectively, were visiting of service centers, trust in governmental agencies, benefit from the development projects, and standard of living. These four significant independent variables explained only 21% of the total variance of the rural people's participation degree in in developmental projects. - The most important variables affecting degree of rural people's participation in environmental activities, respectively, were trust in governmental agencies, visiting of service centers, monthly income, family size and geographical cosmoplitness. These five significant independent variables explained only 31.5 % of the total variance of the rural people's participation degree in environmental activities. - In general, the most important variables affecting degree of rural people's social participation, respectively, were trust in governmental agencies, visiting of service centers, cultural cosmoplitness, monthly income and geographical cosmoplitness. These five significant independent variables explained only 41.5 % of the total variance of degree of the rural people's social participation. Finally, some recommendations were suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed basically at identifying work status of the Rural and urban people, A total sample of 204 Household participated in the study . Percentages, frequencies, and chi Squire x² were used to achieve the objectives of the study. Results indicated that the percentage of workers at the sample level reached 80.4% of the total sample (74.5% urban, 86.3% rural), while the percentage of unemployed was 19.6% of the total (25.5% urban and 13.7% rural). The results of the Chi Square also showed a significant relationship between the marital status, the educational level, and the economic level of the family, as independent variables and the work status as a dependent variable, The value of "x² " was ** 24.87, ** 44.94, * 5.68, which are significant, Suggestions are discussed in this study as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis discovered in ancient centuries still remains a major public health problem in India. Lack of awareness about the cause, risk factors, treatment and prevention of TB among rural people is a major challenge to be addressed to reduce disease transmission. Aims: To assess the knowledge of TB among rural people. To assess the awareness about RNTCP services. Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study was conducted in six randomly selected villages attached to a medical college. Methods and Materials: Houses were selected by systematic random sampling method and younger person was identified as study subject. Data were collected from a sample of 300 by predesigned pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were presented in proportions with confidence interval and Chi-square test was applied to find the association between variables by using SPSS ver. 23. Results: The study showed that 79.6% knew that the cause of TB is bacteria. Majority of the participants 93.6% (95% CI: 90.3, 96.1) knew that TB primarily affects lungs. Subjects were aware of free diagnostic services (85.3%), free treatment services (89%) available in the govt setup. Conclusions: Although the awareness of symptoms, causative agent, mode of spread was reasonably good, knowledge on availability of DOTS centres, services offered through RNTCP is still poor among rural population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]