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Background: This study compared efficacy, safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and immunogenicity between AVT04 and reference product (RP) ustekinumab (Stelara®) in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis (PsO)., Patients and Methods: This multicenter, double-blind, 52-week study randomized patients in 1:2 ratio to AVT04 or RP. At week 16, responsive patients (≥50% improvement in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI)) previously on AVT04 continued on AVT04, while those on RP were re-randomized 1:1 to switch to AVT04 or stay on RP. The primary endpoint was a percent improvement in PASI from baseline to week 12. Therapeutic equivalence was demonstrated if the confidence interval (CI) for the adjusted difference in means was contained within the equivalence margins; ±10% (90%CI)., Results: Of the 581 patients initially randomized (AVT04:RP, 194:387), 575 completed week 16 and 544 completed end of study visit. The percent PASI improvement for AVT04 vs RP was 87.3% vs 86.8% (CI: -2.14%, 3.01%); study met its primary endpoint. Efficacy, safety and PK profiles were comparable across treatment arms throughout the entire study duration, and the incidence of antibodies to ustekinumab had no clinically meaningful impact., Conclusion: This study demonstrates the therapeutic equivalence between AVT04 and RP in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic PsO, with similar safety and tolerability., Trial Registration: NCT04930042; EudraCT Number: 2020-004,493-22.

Background: The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interchangeability guidelines state that the primary endpoint in a switching study should assess the impact of switching between the proposed interchangeable product and the reference product on clinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (if available), as these assessments are generally sensitive to changes in immunogenicity and/or exposure that may arise due to switching. In addition, interchangeability designation requires no clinically meaningful difference in safety and efficacy of switching between the biosimilar and reference, compared with when using the reference product alone., Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the PK, immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety in participants undergoing repeated switches between Humira ® and AVT02 as part of a global interchangeable development program., Methods: This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis comprises three parts: lead-in period (weeks 1-12), switching module (weeks 12-28), and the optional extension phase (weeks 28-52). Following the lead-in period during which all participants received the reference product (80 mg in week 1, followed by 40 mg every other week), participants with a clinical response of ≥ 75% improvement in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI75) were randomized 1:1 to receive AVT02 alternating with the reference product (switching arm) or reference product only (non-switching arm). At week 28, participants who were PASI50 responders could opt to take part in an open-label extension phase receiving AVT02 up to week 50, with an end of study visit at week 52. PK, safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy were evaluated at various timepoints throughout the study for both switching and non-switching arms., Results: In total, 550 participants were randomized to switching (277) and non-switching arms (273). The switching versus non-switching arithmetic least square means ratio [90% confidence intervals (CIs)] was 101.7% (91.4-112.0%) for the area under the concentration-time curve over the dosing interval from weeks 26-28 (AUC tau, W26-28 ) and 108.1% (98.3-117.9%) for maximum concentration over the dosing interval from weeks 26-28 (C max, W26-28 ). The 90% CIs for the switching versus non-switching arithmetic means ratio for primary endpoints AUC tau, W26-28 and C max, W26-28 were within the prespecified limits of 80-125%, demonstrating comparable PK profiles between groups. In addition, the PASI, Dermatology Life Quality Index, and static Physician's Global Assessment efficacy scores were highly similar for both treatment groups. There were no clinically meaningful differences between the immunogenicity and safety assessments of repeated switching between AVT02 and the reference product, versus the reference product alone., Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the risk, in terms of safety or diminished efficacy of switching between the biosimilar and the reference product, is not greater than the risk of using the reference product alone, as required by the FDA for interchangeability designation. Beyond the scope of interchangeability, a consistent long-term safety and immunogenicity profile, with no impact on the trough levels up to 52 weeks, was established., Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04453137; date of registration: 1 July 2020., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Background: This study assessed pharmacokinetic (PK) similarity, safety, and immunogenicity of AVT04, a candidate biosimilar, compared with reference product (RP) ustekinumab (EU-approved and US-licensed Stelara®)., Methods: Healthy subjects ( N  = 298) were randomized 1:1:1 to receive one 45 mg dose of AVT04, EU-RP, or US-RP. The primary PK parameters were Cmax and AUC0-inf. PK similarity was demonstrated if the 90% confidence intervals (CI) for the ratio of geometric means were all contained within the prespecified margins of 80% and 125%. Additional PK parameters, including AUC0-t, were also assessed. Safety and immunogenicity were also assessed until Day 92., Results: After pre-specified protein content normalization, the 90% CI for the ratio of geometric means for primary PK parameters were all contained within the pre-specified bioequivalence margins of 80% and 125%, supporting demonstration of PK similarity between AVT04 and both EU- and US-RP. Secondary PK parameters supported the analysis. Safety and immunogenicity profiles were comparable across all three treatment arms, although the study was not powered to detect small differences in these parameters., Conclusion: Results supported a demonstration of PK similarity between candidate biosimilar AVT04, US-RP and EU-RP. Similar safety and immunogenicity were also shown. Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT04744363.