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Con questo volume, che fa parte della collana BookMS Manuali (download dal sito www. centromicrozonazionesismica.it), intendiamo raccogliere, organizzare e mettere in condivisione i principali elementi e insegnamentitratti dall'intensa attività svolta in questi ultimi due anni. In particolare, sono riportate indicazioni utili alle attività di raccolta dati e relativa elaborazione per la realizzazione di carte di microzonazione sismica di livello3; si tratta di veri e propri protocolli per delineare procedure operative per la caratterizzazione delle Microzone Omogenee in Prospettiva Sismica (MOPS), la delimitazione delle Zone di Attenzione e la valutazione della Risposta Sismica Locale all'interno delle MOPS. In tal senso, si vuole sottolineare una volta di più il decisivo ruolo svolto dagli studi di microzonazione sismica quale strumento di mitigazione del rischio sismico, non solo nelle fasi post-evento, ma soprattutto nell'ambito di una lungimirante strategia di prevenzione che privilegi l'adozione di corrette scelte in sede di pianificazione e progettazione.

The seismic sequence that in May 2012 struck a large area of the river Po Valley (Emilia-Romagna region, Northern Italy) triggered significant fractures and deformations in a number of riverbanks located close to the earthquake epicenter. Among them, one of the most severely damaged structures turned out to be the banks of an irrigation canal known as Canale Diversivo di Burana, flowing through the small village of Scortichino (Municipality of Bondeno), near the historic town of Ferrara. Large, longitudinally-oriented ground cracks were observed along a 3 km bank stretch, causing in turn severe structural damages to a large part of the approximately one hundred houses and productive activities built on the bank crown. In order to interpret the response of such soil structure during the 2012 earthquake by identifying possible damage causes as well as to suggest relevant remedial measures and seismic risk mitigation actions towards possible future earthquakes, the Emilia-Romagna regional authority launched an in-depth study carried out by a number of research groups from various Italian universities in cooperation with technical experts of the Geological, Seismic and Soil Survey Regional Department. To this purpose, a number of geotechnical investigations were performed (in situ and laboratory tests) and an accurate geotechnical model for the seismic stability analyses was thus defined. Potential liquefaction phenomena of the shallow sandy soils, in the foundation subsoil, were taken into account in the analyses. The paper describes the main features of the extensive study carried out by the working group and summarizes the most significant achievements of the analyses.

This paper reports on the volatile components of oils from the aerial parts (CBA) and roots (CBR) of Centaurea bracteata Scop. and aerial parts of C. pannonica (Heuffel) Simonkai subsp. pannonica (CPA), two Asteraceae growing wild in Croatia. The volatile components, obtained by hydrodistillation, were determined by GC-MS analysis. The yields (w/w) of the dried oils were 0.10% (CBA), 0.22% (CBR) and 0.09% (CPA), respectively. A total of 91 compounds were identified accounting for 91.1%, 93.3% and 87.9% of the total oil for CBA, CBR and CPA, respectively. All the samples were characterized mainly by hydrocarbons (7.1-34.1%), fatty acids (9.7-45.9%), and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (15.2-16.6%). The major components of the samples were hexadecanoic acid (8.1-31.1%), nonacosane (0.6-13.4%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.5-11.9%). Monoterpenes, both hydrocarbons and oxygenated, were either absent or present in low amounts in all the oils. The similarity in the oil contents is consistent with the two species being placed in the same section, Jacea.

La sequenza sismica che ha colpito la pianura padana emiliana nel 2012, con scosse principali il 20 e 29 maggio, ha prodotto diffusi ed estesi dissesti in alcuni rilevati arginali che, in qualche caso, hanno determinato l’inagibilità di edifici e la chiusura di strade. Uno degli argini maggiormente colpiti è quello del canale diversivo in località Scortichino, frazione del Comune di Bondeno, sede di oltre 400 tra unità abitative e produttive, molte delle quali classificate inagibili proprio a causa dei dissesti verificatisi nell’argine. La Regione Emilia-Romagna, su richiesta dell’Amministrazione Comunale, ha costituito un Gruppo di Lavoro in cui l’Associazione Geotecnica Italiana, con diversi gruppi di ricerca già coinvolti nella rete di laboratori ReLuis, ha affiancato i tecnici della Regione con l’obiettivo di analizzare la risposta sismica dell’argine durante la sequenza sismica del 2012, comprendere le cause dei dissesti osservati e suggerire le necessarie azioni di mitigazione ed eventuali interventi di messa in sicurezza nei confronti di terremoti futuri. A questo scopo è stata condotta un’ampia campagna sperimentale di indagini in sito, sia geofisiche che geotecniche, e di prove di laboratorio, finalizzate alla ricostruzione di un accurato modello geotecnico per la valutazione delle condizioni di stabilità dell’argine in condizioni sismiche, portando in conto anche l’eventuale insorgenza di fenomeni di liquefazione nei terreni sabbiosi superficiali costituenti la fondazione del corpo arginale. La presente memoria intende dare conto delle attività del Gruppo di Lavoro e sintetizzare i principali risultati conseguiti.

The Po River is the major Italian watercourse. Over half its length is controlled with embankments as protection measures against heavy floodings. Recently, the Italian Government has funded a project for the evaluation of the seismic stabil-ity of about 90 km of embankments of the Po River. The project mainly aims at the seismic stability analyses of the river banks, with assessment of local site response and evaluation of the liquefaction potential. Hundreds of geotechnical investigations within the study area were performed and the water level variations in the embankment and subsoil were investigated using piezometers. This paper describes the methodology and the main results of the analyses. The safety of 43 significant sections in static and seismic conditions was investigated using limit equilibrium analyses. Dynamic effects in the seismic condition were considered using the pseudostatic method. Local seismic hazard and effects of site conditions on the ground motion are taken into account in the definition of the expected seismic action. Eventually, the analysis results are summarized in a static and seismic stability map of the investigated area, a useful tool for the local Authority in the prevention and mitigation.

La memoria riguarda l’analisi della circolazione idrica sotterranea in bacini appenninici caratterizzati da torbiditi silico-clastiche, basata su prospezioni idrogeologiche e sul regime di drenaggio del sistema di gallerie per la connessione ferroviaria veloce fra Firenze e Bologna. Vengono considerati 4 bacini (Diaterna, Veccione, Bosso, Bagnone) situati nell’areale di affioramento della Formazione Marnoso Arenacea a cavallo dello spartiacque appenninico fra il bacino del Reno ed il bacino dell’Arno. I dati di base, raccolti su una serie di 9 anni idrologici dal 1995 al 2003, sono stati impiegati per ricostruire gli idrogrammi annuali di 47 sorgenti e 11 sezioni di torrenti, le caratteristiche idrodinamiche durante la recessione estiva ed il regime di drenaggio delle gallerie; tali elaborazioni, integrate dall’idrochimica e dalle modalità con cui si sono manifestate le interferenze sul sistema naturale, hanno permesso di definire un modello di circolazione idrica sotterranea «attiva» basato su 3 sistemi di flusso: un sistema effimero e sub-superficiale, uno intermedio legato ai primi 150-200 m di spessore dell’ammasso roccioso detensionato e fessurato ed uno trans-bacino legato a fratture post-orogeniche di tipo distensivo. Lo scarico del sistema è focalizzato sui torrenti rispetto alle sorgenti. Il coefficiente di infiltrazione efficace può risultare anche superiore al 30%.

The paper deals with defining a methodology to map the combination of groundwater resources allocation key factors in such a way to define the areas where there is the maximum likehood to locate groundwater discharge phenomena, either by point springs or creeks base flow discharge. To get such a tool, however, it’s important to manage geological and hydrogeological data according to a GIS based approach and, also, to link morphological and geological spatially discretized data to groundwater and creeks base flow data (hydrological data); moreover the results must be validated against some watershed with a detailed geological survey already performed and where location and hydrology of all existing springs and creeks are well known. The chosen pilot catchments for the research are the upper watershed of the Montone river, in Romagna Apennines across boundary between Tuscany and Emilia-Romagna, and the upper Secchia watershed, in the Reggio Emilia Apennines; the first one is entirely located in the outcropping area of Marnoso Arenacea formation, whereas the second presents a widespread variety of units: flysch units, argillitic chaotic units, evaporites, moraines. Concerning the base geological features (lithostratigraphic units otucrops, tectonic lineaments, quaternary deposits and strata setting) they were derived from the geological maps available in the Geological, Seismic and Soil service of Emilia-Romagna region, because of its participation in the CARG project. The objective of the study is to propose a hydrogeological map legenda useful for the estimation of renewable and exploitable underground water volumes, so becoming a tool for technicians committed with the management of prescribed permissions for water abstraction according to the Emilia-Romagna regulations. Data on spring discharge and their chemical characteristics, creek base flows inferred by using NaCl tracer, spring and creek hydrographs reconstruction and runoff partitioning based on continuous monitoring, GIS based data elaboration, are among the research tool utilized.

This paper presents the methodology and the results of the local seismic analyses, performed in the bank areas of the Po River (Lombardia and Emilia-Romagna regions, northern Italy) characterized by the highest seismic hazard and finalized for the seismic stability analyses of the banks themselves. The proposed methodology includes the following steps: collection of the pre-existing information and geologic maps; deployment of in-situ investigations by collecting soil samples for geotechnical laboratory tests; definition of the geologic-geophysical and geotechnical model; individuation of the expected seismic inputs; analyses of local seismic response. In this paper, we mainly discuss the results obtained in order to illustrate how the methodology employed enables the definition of the local seismic hazard and allows performing the future stability analyses of the banks. The results are given in term of amplification factors, expected accelerograms and acceleration response spectra modified by the litho-stratigraphic characteristics of the sites. © 2014-OGS.

21st Conference on Isoprenoids -- SEP 23-29, 2005 -- Bialowieza, POLAND, WOS: 000236743300015, …

From the aerial parts of Teucrium montbretii subsp. libanoticum 10 neoclerodane diterpenoids were isolated. Three of them are new [3b-hydroxyteubutilin A (I), 12-epi-montanin G (II), 20-epi-3,20-di-O-deacetylteupyreinidin (III)], whereas the other seven, namely, 6-ketoteuscordin, teuscordinon, 6b-hydroxyteuscordin, montanin D, 3,20-di-O-deacetylteupyreinidin, montanin G, and 3-O-deacetylteugracilin A, are previously known structures. The structures of I-III were detd. by spectral and chem. methods.