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Purpose: To assess the antioxidant and antineoplastic effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Materials and Methods: Human squamous cell carcinoma HSCC cells were tested for cytotoxicity by a methanol extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (MEHSP). After 24, 48, and 72 h, the MTT assay and Trypan blue exclusion test were used to determine cell survival and death. 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), DNA Protection Assay (DPA), and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAPA) measured the antioxidant activity of MEHSP. Results: The antioxidant activity (%) ranged from 47.92-82.24 in the DPPH test, 11.61-73.65 in the DPA, and 4.97-52.09 in the FRAPA. The HSCC in-vitro cytotoxicity assay showed dose- and time-dependent cell viability. MEHSP at 5 μg/ml inhibited viable cells, while increasing MEHSP doses decreased cell viability. The Trypan blue exclusion test showed that MEHSP significantly reduced cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 h. Conclusion:Hibiscus sabdariffa contains antioxidant and HSCC-cytotoxic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high dependence on chemical fertilizers in the farming systems especially in the arid regions has become a serious challenge that threatens the stability and sustainability of crop production. Therefore, determining alternative nutrition systems based on the organic and biological sources is a critical issue of crops management. The objective of this study is to assess the response of the roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) to chemical, organic and biological nutrient systems. A two-year field experiment was conducted with a split-plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The main plots consisted of control (CL), vermicompost (VP), poultry manure (PM), and chemical fertilizer (NPK) (CF), while the sub-plots involved control (AM0), application of Glomus mosseae (AM1), and Rhizophagus intraradices arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM2). The results showed that PM and CF treatments led to the highest increase in fresh calyx yield (58.6%) compared to the control. While PM treatment showed the highest increase in dry calyx yield (23.9%) and seed yield (32.0%). AM inoculation resulted in a 27.3, 26.8, and 22.3% increase in mentioned traits, respectively compared to the control. PM treatment showed the highest values of dry calyx and seed water productivity (13.5 and 15.5 kg m−3, respectively). Also, AM2 treatment showed the highest values for these indices (13.5 and 14.5 kg m−3, respectively). The highest increase in calyx ascorbic acid (20.1%) was obtained from PM treatment, while the highest value of calyx anthocyanin content (0.307 and 0.292 µmol g−1) in the first and the second year was found in PM and CF treatment, respectively. VC treatment resulted in the highest increase in seed oil content (12.8%), while the highest increase in seed protein content (22.8%) belonged to the CF treatment. The average improvements in the calyx ascorbic acid, calyx anthocyanin content, seed oil content, and seed protein content due to AM inoculation were 11.2, 5.0, 9.2, and 7.8%, respectively. According to our findings, the use of mycorrhiza (especially Rhizophagus intraradices) in combination with poultry manure is recommended to achieve proper economic yields and improve water productivity and quality indices of the roselle in order to replace the chemical fertilizers in the cultivation of this plant in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

House mites frequently trigger allergic conditions. Although conventional treatments are effective, they can result in drug resistance and pose risks to the environment, human health, and non-target organisms. Therefore, this study evaluates new botanical extracts for their biological activities against Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart 1897; Pyroglyphidae), D. farinae (Hughes 1961; Pyroglyphidae), and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank 1781; Acaridae), not only to control them but also to reduce their allergens (dead bodies and faecal particles) by keeping them away. It is noteworthy that of these plants, Allium cepa L. (Alliaceae) and Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) peel extracts, as well as leaves of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae), were tested for the first time in the present study as new bioacaricides, while Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) and H. sabdariffa leaves proved to be new botanical repellents for these mite species. Based on LC50 values, A. cepa, Beta vulgaris, and S. melongena extracts had the most potent toxic effects on these mite species, while extracts of Aloe vera, Capsicum annum, and P. nigrum had the strongest repellent activity against them at the highest concentration. These natural plant extracts may have valuable potential as new acaricidal products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate influences of polyvinyl alcohol/ hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose/roselle anthocyanin–based (PHR) film on shrimp biochemical and flavor profiles. PHR films led to better preservation behaviors, and the film contained the highest anthocyanin contents exhibited the best biochemical properties with total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) content of 47.87 ± 3.57 mg/100 g, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value of 0.55 ± 0.05 mg MDA/kg, and total viable counts (TVC) value of 6.63 ± 0.11 log CFU/g. The PHR film had obvious effects on the metabolism pathway of flavor compounds. It could modify flavor profiles by increasing pleasant components such as glutamate, glycine, decanal, and 3-methylbutanal, while decreasing the off-related components like histidine, indole, and trimethylamine. Furthermore, the characteristic flavor markers which were highly correlated with chemical spoilage indexes were identified, and their concentration variations suggested that PHR film could affect their formation and release behavior. Meanwhile, the possible mechanism of PHR film in shelf-life prolongation and flavor profile enhancement was proposed. In conclusion, the PHR film had promising potentials in extension of shelf-life and modification of flavor profiles of refrigerated shrimp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to develop roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extracts with high amounts of phytochemicals and in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial effects using green extraction technique. Roselle extract prepared by ultrasonic extraction with 80% ethanol and 1% hydrochloric acid (RSUEH) promoted the highest yield and high total phenolic (5.21 ± 0.05 g% gallic acid equivalent of dried extract), total flavonoid (1.29 ± 0.06 g% quercetin equivalent of dried extract), and total anthocyanin contents (0.21 ± 0.00 and 0.44 ± 0.00 g% cyanidin 3‐glucoside equivalent of dried extract determined by pH‐differential method with standard calculation and pH‐differential method with standard curve of cyanidin 3‐glucoside, respectively). From the validated high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis, delphinidin‐3‐sambubioside, delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, and cyanidin‐3‐glucoside were found to be the major anthocyanins in roselle extract. This extract exhibited moderate 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging effect (EC50 289.61 ± 0.16 µg/mL) and strong inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus intermedius, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the inhibitory concentration (IC50) values in the range of 0.15 ± 0.05 to 4.64 ± 0.07 mg/mL and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 1.66 ± 0.06 to 7.11 ± 1.05 mg/mL. From partial purification, fraction 28 (F28) contained higher amounts of all analyzed phytochemicals than roselle extracts and promoted stronger DPPH scavenging effects (EC50 54.88 ± 2.23 µg/mL). F28 showed antibacterial activity with IC50 values against all tested bacteria in the range of 0.19 ± 0.07 to 4.69 ± 0.09 mg/mL, and the MIC values ranged from 2.46 ± 0.08 to 6.24 ± 0.09 mg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the inclusion of roselle seed flour as an enrichment ingredient in the preparation of crunchy gurundi snacks from 0% to 100% inclusions; 30% roselle inclusion had the highest protein and carbohydrate, fat content ranged from 4% to 12%, thickness from 2.77 to 3.69 m, and spread ratio from 7.00 to 13.54; 100% inclusion had the lowest weight and 10% the highest. A higher roselle percentage produced a darker color; 10% inclusion was the most adjudged in the overall acceptability. The potential of roselle seed flour as an enrichment ingredient is revealed in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate selected medicinal plants' anti-oxidative and antihyperglycemic activities to develop an effective remedy for lowering blood glucose levels and/or reducing diabetes complications. Thai medicinal plants, reported to have blood sugar-lowering effects, were selected for the study: Coccinia grandis, Gymnema inodorum, Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Momordica charantia, Morus alba, and Zingiber officinale. Each species was extracted by Soxhlet's extraction using ethanol as solvent. The ethanolic crude extract of each species was then evaluated for its phytochemicals, anti-oxidant, and antihyperglycemic activities. The results showed that the extract of Z. officinale gave the highest values of total phenolic and total flavonoid content (167.95 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 81.70 mg CE/g, respectively). Anti-oxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity. Among the ethanolic extracts, Z. officinale exhibited the highest anti-oxidant activity with IC50 values of 19.16 and 8.53 µg/mL, respectively. The antihyperglycemic activity was assessed using α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption activities. M. alba and G. pentaphyllum demonstrated the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity among the ethanolic extracts, with IC50 values of 134.40 and 329.97 µg/mL, respectively. Z. officinale and H. sabdariffa showed the highest percentage of glucose consumption activity in induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells at a concentration of 50 µg/mL with 145.16 and 107.03%, respectively. The results from α-glucosidase inhibitory and glucose consumption activities were developed as an effective antihyperglycemic remedy. Among the remedies tested, the R1 remedy exhibited the highest potential for reducing blood glucose levels, with an IC50 value of 122.10 µg/mL. Therefore, the R1 remedy should be further studied for its effects on animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic part of the Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Malvaceae) plant is the sepal. One of the main challenges in harvesting this product is separating its seeds, which are surrounded by sepals. If the parthenocarpy process occurs without seeds, the labor costs are reduced and the profits from the production of this plant are increased. In current study, the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3), melatonin (M), and indole acetic acid (IAA) on the induction of parthenocarpy in H. sabdariffa plants was investigated. The study was conducted as a factorial experiment in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications. Different concentrations of GA3 (0 (control), 700, 800, and 900 ppm), M (0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 ppm), and IAA (0 (control), 1000, 1200, and 1400 ppm) were foliar sprayed after the emergence of the flower bud on the 50th, 60th, and 70th days of planting, and the control plants were also sprayed with distilled water. Various measurements were taken including the number of seeds per boll, parthenocarpy percentage, capsule volume, number of bolls per plant, number of mature seeds, and phytochemical parameters such as anthocyanin, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, antioxidant value, total phenol and flavonoid content, and soluble solids. The application of GA3 at 800 and 900 ppm along with IAA at 1000 ppm and M at 100 and 200 ppm led to the production of parthenocarpy fruits and showed the best results in the induction of parthenocarpy. The control group indicated the highest number of mature seeds per boll. The highest amount of phenol and flavonoid contents were obtained in plants treated with GA3 at 800 ppm. For anthocyanin, the control group showed the highest value (1.63 mg g−1), and in the case of the antioxidant trait, plants exposed to 100 ppm M showed the highest IC50 (40.68%). Hence, the application of plant growth regulators with appropriate concentrations can be effective in inducing parthenocarpy in H. sabdariffa plants. Additionally, parthenocarpy-induced by GA3, IAA, and M had different impacts on fruit quality and quantity, suggesting that the effect depends on the type of employed hormones used and their concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate fertilizer concentration and use of shade nets can favor the development and yield of agricultural crops. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the growth of roselle plants with nutrient solutions of different electrical conductivities (ECns) (1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 dS m−1) and under different colored shade nets (red, blue, black) compared with full sun. The experiments were conducted in a controlled greenhouse environment and in full sun in the Plant Production Department of ESALQ-USP, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. The experiments were organized using a 4 × 5 randomized block design. The results of analysis of variance and regression showed a significant impact of EC and colored shade nets on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, fresh and dry mass of shoots and fresh and dry calyxes. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression, which showed a quadratic effect for the variables studied, with increasing values up to 3.0 dS m−1; after this value, there was a decrease. Increasing ECns up to approximately 3.0 dS m−1 promoted increments of 2.34% in plant height, 7.21% in number of leaves, 19.76% in shoot fresh mass and 12.38% in shoot dry mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study develops roselle yogurt ice cream by combining the probiotic benefits of yogurt with bioactive compounds from roselle flowers. Yogurt is produced through milk fermentation by lactic acid bacteria, while roselle flower extract is rich in anthocyanins and flavonoids known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties. The research methods included a comprehensive analysis of physicochemical properties, nutritional content, antioxidant activity, and organoleptic characteristics. Using a randomized complete design, data analysis employed ANOVA and the Least Significant Difference tests (P < 0.05), with sensory evaluation conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The results of the exploration of the synergy between roselle yogurt and ice cream in various proportions (20:80, 30:70, 40:60) showed that the treatment with a 30:70 ratio of roselle yogurt to ice cream (P2) provided optimal results in terms of physicochemical characteristics, such as a pH of 5.47, total titratable acidity of 0.74%, overrun of 75.61%, and melting time of 26.98 minutes. P2 also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity at 137 μg/mL, with good sensory acceptance from consumers. This experiment provided an understanding of the potential of roselle yoghurt ice cream as a product that meets increasingly selective consumers' nutritional and health needs. It is hoped that these findings will stimulate the development of ice cream products that are not only commercially popular but also provide significant health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calyxes of Hibiscus sabdariffa (Hs) contain anthocyanins, that normalize blood glucose levels (BGL) in diabetic patients. Diabetes also causes memory alterations, which could hypothetically decrease with the consumption of Hs. Objectives: To investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with a Hs extract on working memory and BGL in rats. Methods: Diabetic hyperglycemia (DHG) was induced with streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg i.p.) in Wistar rats. After 72 h DHG was confirmed, and the consumption of Hs extract began (50 mg/Kg/day). BGL and body weight (BW) were measured at 10, 20 and 30 days after DHG induction in controls and treated animals. Learning and short-term memory were evaluated after 30 days with Novel Object Recognition Test (NOR) and Barnes Maze (BM). The gross hippocampal structure was histologically analyzed. Results: STZ-treated animals presented low BW and persistent DHG (BGL <300 mg/dL). Diabetic animals consuming the Hs extract had a dual response: some showed BGL comparable to controls, while others had levels comparable to diabetic animals not consuming extract. Diabetic animals that consumed the Hs extract had a better performance in NOR and BM than the diabetic animals not consuming the extract. At the histological level, hippocampal morphological differences were observed between diabetic animals that consumed the extract and those that did not. Discussion: The Hs extract used here could be a good co-adjuvant in the treatment of DHG, aimed at mitigating memory deficits and high BGL. These beneficial effects could be attributed to the anthocyanin content in the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscetin, a major bioactive ingredient of Hibiscus sabdariffa, exhibits numerous pharmacological actions and five metal-chelating sites. Since flavonoids play a vital role in scavenging or reducing the toxicity of redox-active metal ions, the chelation of Fe2+ cation by the flavonoid Hibiscetin was examined using the DFT method carried out at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d, p)/LANL2DZ level of theory in the aqueous phase. All the complexed species derived from neutral and deprotonated ligand forms were considered. The results show that the oxygen atoms of the di-deprotonated catechol moiety at the C-7 and C-8 positions of Hibiscetin interact best with the Fe2+ ion among the possible chelation sites on Hibiscetin. The stability of the most stable complex, HIB-[7-8] -Fe2+, was validated by Frontier molecular orbital, Natural bond orbital, and natural population reports. The topological analysis indicated the electrostatic interaction between the oxygen atoms of Hibiscetin and the metal ion in the complex. The investigation of the radical scavenging capabilities in gas, water, and benzene media proved the superior antioxidant activity of the most stable complex of Hibiscetin and Fe2+ ion when compared to parent flavonoid. The hydrogen atom transfer (HAT), single-electron transfer followed by proton transfer (SET-PT), and sequential proton-loss electron transfer (SPLET) mechanisms were studied, and the HAT mechanism was found to be the most effective radical scavenging mechanism in the gas and non-polar solvent and the SPLET mechanism in the polar solvent. The best site for radical attack is identified to be 4'-OH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the high content of phenolics and anthocyanins of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea and the sensibility of these bioactive compounds, this work aimed to optimize the obtention of microcapsules by spray-drying, using inulin as a carrier agent. Using a Box-Behnken Design, the effects of inlet temperature (130, 150, and 170 °C), feed flow rate (5, 10, and 15 mL min−1), and inulin concentration (5, 10, and 15 g L−1) were evaluated. It was possible to obtain pale-rose, slightly sweet instant powders with good total polyphenol content (1.12 mgGAE g−1) and anthocyanins encapsulation efficiency (32.3–60.6%), besides moisture (4.61–17.79%) and water activity (0.221–0.501), indicating physico-chemical and microbiological stability of the microcapsules. A simultaneous optimization with the desirability function was performed to maximize all the response variables analyzed, and the optimum conditions of 5 g L−1 of inulin, inlet temperature of 170 °C, and feed flow rate of 83 mL min−1 were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Roselle is a popular plant in Malaysia, especially for its use in food and beverage production. The roselle calyces are decocted to make roselle juice and cordial, resulting in a significant amount of waste or roselle decoction residues. Surprisingly, these residues retain their dark red colour and are still intact although softened. However, to date, no research on the antioxidant compounds and activities of roselle decoction residues from cordial and juice production has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to determine the anthocyanins content and antioxidant activities remaining in the roselle decoction residues. The roselle decoction residues were evaluated for colour, Delta E (ΔE), pH, total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing ability assay (FRAP), and ferrous ion chelating (FIC). All assays were also correlated and showed positive effects among themselves. The decoction residues reported were still in acidic conditions ranging from pH 2 to 4. The decocted cordial residue (DCR) showed a similar colour with control or fresh roselle calyx (FRC), and a bit duller in decocted juice residue (DJR). The DCR showed similar and slightly lower antioxidant content and activity of TAC, TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP and FIC (73.34 ± 1.26 mg/100 g FW, 185.01 ± 15.27 mg GAE/g extract, 98.13 ± 5.79 mg QE/g extract, 19.88 ± 1.29 %, 209.22 ± 20.43 µM TE/g extract and 38.37 ± 1.18 %, respectively) to FRC but much better than DJR. The study revealed that the DCR residues were still rich in anthocyanin contents and had good antioxidant activity without having colour changes. These residues can be converted to wealth and could be an alternative source of natural antioxidants. Further research is needed to explore their potential applications in functional foods, dietary supplements, and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants are rich in tandem repeats-containing proteins. It is postulated that the occurrence of tandem repeat gene families facilitates the adaptation and survival of plants in adverse environmental conditions. This study intended to identify the tandem repeats in the transcriptome of a high potential tropical horticultural plant, roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.). A total of 92,974 annotated de novo assembled transcripts were analysed using in silico approach, and 6,541 transcripts that encoded proteins containing tandem repeats with length of 20-60 amino acid residues were identified. Domain analysis revealed a total of nine tandem repeat protein families in the transcriptome of roselle, which are the Ankyrin repeats (ANK), Armadillo repeats (ARM), elongation factor-hand domain repeats (EF- hand), Huntingtin, elongation factor 3, protein phosphatase 2A, yeast kinase TOR1 repeats (HEAT), Kelch repeats (Kelch), leucine rich repeats (LRR), pentatricopeptide repeats (PPR), tetratricopeptide repeats (TPR) and WD40 repeats (WD40). Functional annotation analysis further matched 6,236 transcripts to 1,045 known proteins that contained tandem repeats including proteins implicated in plant development, protein-protein interaction, immunity and abiotic stress responses. The findings provide new insights into the occurrence of tandem repeats in the transcriptome and lay the foundation to elucidate the functional associations between tandem peptide repeats (TRs) and proteins in roselle and facilitate the identification of novel biotic and abiotic response related tandem repeats genes that may be useful in breeding improved varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Traditionally and empirically, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. has been used in treating diabetes mellitus due to its antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administering the ethyl acetate fraction of hibiscus calyxes (EAFHCs) on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, bleeding time, and platelet count in male white rats induced with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Method: Thirty-six Wistar Kyoto rats were induced with intraperitoneal streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg BW and stabilized for 5 days to obtain diabetic conditions. Diabetic animals were divided into four groups; the diabetic group was given vehicle, the glibenclamide group was given 0.45 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide, and two groups were administered the EAFHCs at doses of 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW for 5 days. Subsequently, the MDA, TNF-α, bleeding time and platelet count levels were examined on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results: EAFHC significantly reduced MDA and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, this fraction appeared to shorten bleeding time and decrease platelet count in diabetic rats. Administration of the EAFHC for 5 days effectively lowered MDA and TNF-α levels significantly, decreased platelet counts and prolonged coagulation (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that EAFHC effectively reduces MDA and TNF-α levels and reduces the risk of hypercoagulability in diabetic model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioremediation is used to reduce the effect of industrial and agricultural pollutants in contaminated soil, which in turn leads to removing and reducing the toxicity of heavy metals polluting the soil. This study evaluates the possibility of using the currant plant to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in some polluted soils within different locations in Babil Governorate. Soil samples were taken from four sites, representing agricultural soil irrigated with wastewater, soil adjacent to a brick factory, and soil adjacent to a sterile drinking water factory, in addition to a control sample, which is agricultural soil irrigated with river water. The soil samples were analyzed Soil to determine the general characteristics and concentration of the total heavy elements represented by lead (Pb), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn). Then the pollution standards for the soil and plants were calculated and the averages were compared using the least significant difference test at the 5% level. The results showed that nickel and Zinc were significantly superior to the total content of elements in the soil, and the lowest values were for Cobalt. The values of the contamination factor for the soil showed that nickel was in first place, followed by Cobalt, then Lead and Zinc. As for the pollution load index (PLI), its value was highest in the agricultural soils adjacent to the bricks factory, while the values of the accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that the Nickel element had surpassed on Cobalt, Zinc and lead. The concentration of elements in the plant shoots indicated a superiority in Zinc and Cobalt, while Nickel and Lead were superior in the root system. The BCF index was less than one for all sites except agricultural soils irrigated with river water, and the site transfer factor TF values were greater than 1 In the elements Cobalt and Zinc. The results also showed that the currant plant is one of the plants that accumulates the heavy metals because it does not show negative symptoms during its growth and thus the possibility of using it to reduce the risk of heavy elements in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the use of low-energy electrons in various ecological and biotechnological applications has become increasingly relevant. One important application is the treatment of wastewater, wherein highly reactive species produced by water irradiation are used to oxidize pollutants. Low-energy electron irradiation has several advantages, such as minimal demands on radiation protection and electron beam (EB) source dimensions. However, to play into the main advantages of this technology and keep it economically viable, it is necessary to keep the absorbed dose as low as possible. This calls for a liquid dosimeter with sensitivity in the single digit kGy range. An extract from natural Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) has been reported to show a radiochromic effect in this dose range. In the present work, Roselle dosimeter solutions were closely investigated and optimized to characterize a new module for EB wastewater treatment. Upon EB irradiation, the dosimeter solution demonstrated a dose-dependent fading in color, making it useful in the 0.3–7.5 kGy dose range.

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) calyces have abundant phenolic compounds to which multiple therapeutic benefits are attributed. The study aimed to develop a nutraceutical beverage from Hs extracts of genotypes with different pigmentation and phytochemical composition, with sensory characteristics accepted by the consumer and with a high content of antioxidants. Calyces of three cultivars with intense red, light red, and non-pigmentation were used to prepare aqueous extracts, which were mixed in different proportions to achieve beverages with a standardized anthocyanin content (TAC). Four beverage formulations, denoted as B1, B2, B3, and B4, were obtained, which were subjected to global acceptance tests through different sensory variables. The variables determined in the beverages were color, pH, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble phenols (TSPs), TAC, proanthocyanidins (PAs), and antioxidant capacity (AC). The TAC in the beverages ranged from 23 to 24.9 mg anthocyanin per 240 ml portion. The color and TA of the beverages were statistically different according to the objective measurement, but sensory differences were not detected. Beverages B1 and B4, formulated with mixtures of the three cultivars, had the highest TSP content and AC and had the best aroma and flavor. Incorporating pigment-free calyx extracts in the formulation of roselle beverages improves their sensory characteristics and antioxidant content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. is a widely cultivated herbaceous plant with diverse applications in food, tea, fiber, and medicine. In this study, we present a high-quality genome assembly of H. sabdariffa using more than 33 Gb of high-fidelity (HiFi) long-read sequencing data, corresponding to ∼20× depth of the genome. We obtained 3 genome assemblies of H. sabdariffa : 1 primary and 2 partially haplotype-resolved genome assemblies. These genome assemblies exhibit N50 contig lengths of 26.25, 11.96, and 14.50 Mb, with genome coverage of 141.3, 86.0, and 88.6%, respectively. We also utilized 26 Gb of total RNA sequencing data to predict 154k, 79k, and 87k genes in the respective assemblies. The completeness of the primary genome assembly and its predicted genes was confirmed by the benchmarking universal single-copy ortholog analysis with a completeness rate of 99.3%. Based on our high-quality genomic resources, we constructed genetic networks for phenylpropanoid and flavonoid metabolism and identified candidate biosynthetic genes, which are responsible for producing key intermediates of roselle-specific medicinal natural products. Our comprehensive genomic and functional analysis opens avenues for further exploration and application of valuable natural products in H. sabdariffa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extracts from Jamaica flowers (Hibiscus sabdariffa) from Morelia (Mexico) were evaluated as antidiabetic ingredients in a diabetic rat lab model for 80 days at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg extract/kg rat weight. The hydroalcoholic extract (water:ethanol 80:20 (v/v) at 50 °C) showed a TPC value of 403.28 ± 7.71 mg GAE/g extract, and an antioxidant activity of 0.219 ± 0.00003 mmol Trolox/g (ABTS) and 0.134 ± 0.00001 mmol Trolox/g (DPPH). The extract allowed reducing the diabetic glucose plasma levels under fasting conditions in a dose-dependent manner by 35.2%, 41.63%, and 50.1%. Additionally, the highest dose of the extract (600 mg/kg) slightly reduced the short-term postprandial glucose response while improving the long-term response, reducing hyperglycemia by 45.1%. The same dose also improved lipid metabolism by reducing total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and LDL, while the HDL level increased. The improvement in glucose and lipid management in the treated groups also led to reduced levels of glycosylated hemoglobin, as well as lower insulin resistance (TyG index), compared to the diabetic control group. The results of this study suggest that extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa (Morelia) can be used as potential functional ingredients or nutraceuticals for managing the diabetic condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dragon's blood (血竭) is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its wound hemostasis, blood circulation, and stasis properties. Recently, it has also been utilized in cosmetics, though its antioxidant capacity remains unclear. This study aims to stabilize the bioactivity of dragon's blood using various plant extracts. We evaluated single plant extracts and their combinations to identify the conditions that maintained the antioxidant capacity of dragon's blood the longest. Selected plants included Hibiscus sabdariffa, Clitoria ternatea, Hylocereus sp., Pandanus amaryllifolius, and Camellia sinensis. We used two sources of dragon's blood: Daemonorops draco and Dracaena cochinchinensis. Extraction conditions were optimized and antioxidant activity was assessed using the free radical scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total anthocyanin concentration (TAC), total polyphenol content (TPC), the free radical scavenging activity of ABTS, and a ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The results showed that all plant extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity. Clitoria ternatea had the highest DPPH scavenging ability at 93.81%, with the best combination being green tea and Daemonorops draco at 92.57%. Clitoria ternatea had the highest TPC at 9921 mg GAE/100 g, with the best combination (green tea and Dracaena cochinchinensis) at 10500 mg GAE/100 g. ABTS activity was highest for green tea at 98.3%, with the best combination (Clitoria ternatea and Daemonorops draco) at 93.29%. The FRAP assay showed that green tea had the highest electron-donating potential at 3.85 mg/mL, with the best combination (Daemonorops draco and Dracaena cochinchinensis) at 3.71 mg/mL. This study advances our understanding of the antioxidant properties of these plants and the traditional Chinese medicine dragon's blood, enhancing the efficacy of dragon's blood in skincare and cosmetics. Moreover, the application of these extracts could rejuvenate local agriculture, impacting the skincare, cosmetics, and sustainable agriculture sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in recent years has shown the antioxidant activities of kecombrang and roselle flowers, as well as the antibacterial properties of kecombrang, so these materials have potentials to be developed as a functional food product. With an easy manufacturing process and basic ingredients that are easy to obtain, jelly candy is one of the preparations that can be applied to kecombrang and roselle flower extracts. This research aims 1) to determine the effect of variations in microwave-assisted extraction time and power on the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting extract and 2) to determine the effect of variations in the ratio of kecombrang and roselle flower extracts as ingredients for jelly candy products on the physical, chemicall, and sensory characteristics of the product. Research on the extraction of kecombrang and roselle flower powder used a randomized block design (RBD). Treatment consisted of two factors: 1) extraction power (150, 200, and 250 watts); 2) extraction time (3, 5, and 7 minutes). The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS program. The analysis results showed that the best extraction of kecombrang and roselle flowers were at 250 watts of power and 5 minutes of extraction time. The best extraction results are then processed into jelly candy with the best sensory results in the 15%:25% sample. This jelly candy product contains reduced sugar levels of 12.41%, vitamin C levels of 23.58 mg/100g, total phenol levels of 47.58 mg/100g, total flavonoid levels of 18.80 mg/100g, and antioxidant activity amounting to 28.24 mg/100g. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. extract (HS) as an adjunct to valsartan in the treatment of high blood pressure in patients with mild chronic kidney disease (CKD). Materials and Methods: This trial was conducted in Gorgan, Iran. Seventy-two participants with CKD and high blood pressure were randomly assigned to either the HS group, receiving a 350 mg pill every 12 hr for 90 days along with 40 mg of valsartan every 12 hr, or the control group (40 mg valsartan + 12.5 mg hydrochlorothiazide). The primary objective was to assess the improvement of hypertension, while secondary objectives included the evaluation of proteinuria, albuminuria, kidney function, lipid profile, and electrolyte levels. Molecular docking analysis was performed to examine the mechanisms of action of the isolated components of HS. Results: Out of 80 initial participants, 72 were included in the analysis. Both groups showed a significant reduction in blood pressure (p<0.001). The HS group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in lipid profile (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding the reduction of renal markers. Molecular docking analysis revealed that the compounds present in HS, particularly its anthocyanins and flavonoids, exhibited greater angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory potential than hydrochlorothiazide in both domains. Moreover, the compounds met the criteria for drug likeness and Lipinski rules. Conclusion: Adjunctive therapy with HS showed promising results in reducing hypertension and improving lipid profile in patients with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) belongs to the Malvaceae family, and originates from Africa. It is characterized by a high polyphenols content (e.g., quercetin and anthocyanins), and has recognized bioactivity, that makes this plant an interesting resource for possible addition of its extracts to dairy beverages and obtain functional beverages. Nonetheless, it may be observed that many of these phenolic compounds are not stable depending on the environmental conditions. In this work, we propose the use of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) as a carrier for the loading of H. sabdariffa extracts, for further incorporation in daily beverages. Polyphenols-enriched extracts from H. sabdariffa were obtained using two distinct extraction approaches: by (i) microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), or by (ii) pressurized liquid extraction (PLE). The obtained extracts were then loaded into NLC to obtain two distinct samples identified as: HS-MAE-NLC and HS-PLE-NLC. The developed nanoparticles were then incorporated into a dairy beverage for the production of fortified milks identified with the same names. The long-term stability, texture properties and in vitro release profile were evaluated. The results show that the fortified milks, HS-MAE-NLC and HS-PLE-NLC, were stable under stress conditions attributed to the enhanced stability provided by the protein content present in the milk. The in vitro release profile of quercetin and anthocyanins from NLC-enriched dairy beverage was more prolonged than the milk containing the non-loaded extract, fitting better to the Korsmeyers–Peppas model. From our results, NLC may be considered a potential approach to formulate photoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant bioactives from H. sabdariffa adding the extracts into dairy beverages to increase their bioavailability, and bioactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although green leafy vegetables are a great source of micronutrients, they can also often include harmful heavy metals and pesticides. Hence, the objective of this paper was to assess the levels of heavy metals and pesticide residues in Abelmoschus esculentus (Okra), Amaranthus cruentus (Spinach), Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) and Cabbage vegetable samples from Agricultural Area of Boronji Jimeta, Adamawa State, Nigeria using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) respectively. Result show that the detected heavy metals include Cd, Cr, Pb, Zn, and Cu whereas pesticide residues include Dichlorvos, Dimethoate, Chlorpyrifos Lambda.-Cyhalothrin and Imdacloprid. The concentration of Cd 0.62mg/kg, 0.47mg/kg, 0.56mg/kg and 1.93mg/kg in spinach, Roselle, okra and Cabbage. Pb 0.60mg/kg, 0.35mg/kg and 0.32mg/kg in spinach, Roselle, and okra and pesticide residues in Dimethoate in cabbage 0.202mg/kg and Lambda.-Cyhalothrin 0.067mg/kg and Chlorpyrifos 0.195mg/kg in okra were found to be above the establish permissible limit. Pesticide residues and heavy metal levels fluctuated, showing distinct patterns even though they were mostly below the established maximum permissible limit. These heavy metals and pesticide residues can be harmful to human health, especially if consumed in excess. They can come from both naturally occurring and man-made sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Replacing of sodium nitrite from meat processing is a new promising advance in clean label meat products. The current article explored the positive effects of total replacement of sodium nitrite with a combined antimicrobial and antioxidant mixture comprised of 400 ppm nisin (N), 25 ppm Nano sized zinc oxide (Z), 1% chitosan (C) and 1% roselle extract (R) on proximate and fatty acid composition, cooking loss, color analysis and sensory profile of beef sausage. Four types of beef sausage were prepared as following: NT sausage samples as control positive group containing 120 ppm sodium nitrite, NCR samples (400 ppm N, 1% C and 1% R), ZCR (25 ppm Z, 1% C and 1% R) and NZCR samples containing (400 ppm N, 25 ppm Z, 1% C 5and 1% R). The outcomes of the study displayed that there was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in proximate composition of control (NT) and reformulated (NCR, ZCR and NZCR) samples. Concerning fatty acid profiling, saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the predominant portions in all sausage types and oleic acid was the prevalent one, moreover, reformulated sausages exhibited lower SFA and higher MUFA and PUFA improving fat quality of reformulated beef sausage. A significant difference in cooking loss percentage was observed in NZCR sausage samples compared to other sausages. Noteworthy, cooked reformulated sausages kept their red color after cooking and their a* values were close to those of NT. Sensory assessment (odor, taste and overall acceptance) of reformulated sausages were higher than NT especially for NZCR that recorded the highest scores. Overall, our findings established that combination of antimicrobials (nisin and Nano sized ZnO), antioxidant (chitosan) along with Roselle extract (for red color enhancement) could be potentially applied as a possible nitrite replacer to produce healthier product free from sodium nitrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roselle was used as a raw material for extracting anthocyanins. The anthocyanins were purified using Amberlite XAD-7 macroporous resin. Purified roselle anthocyanins (PRA) were identified using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The antioxidant activity of PRA in vitro and in HepG2 cells was evaluated. The results showed that the anthocyanin content in PRA increased by 6.35-fold, reaching 175.27 mg/g. PRA contained five anthocyanins, of which delphinidin-3-sambubioside was the most abundant, accounting for 57.35% (m/m) of the total anthocyanins. PRA exhibited high antioxidant activity in vitro. The DPPH scavenging rate reached 90% when the PRA concentration was 0.23 mg/mL, and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rate was 97.85% at a PAR concentration of 2.0 mg/mL. Additionally, PRA showed high intracellular antioxidant activity in HepG2 cells. Treatment with 200 µg/mL PRA significantly reduced the H2O2-induced HepG2 intracellular reactive oxygen species level and nitric oxide content from 117.47% (taking the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence intensity of the control group as 100%) and 53.18 nmol/mL to 102.09% and 45.79 nmol/mL, respectively. PRA treatment significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities from 18.19 and 10.10 U/mg prot to 35.05 and 19.38 U/mg prot, respectively. The main component of PRA anthocyanins was delphinidin-3-sambubioside, which exhibited strong antioxidant activity in vitro and anti-oxidative stress response effects in vivo. These results provide a theoretical basis for the high-value development and the potential health benefits of roselle anthocyanins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The use of herbal medicines (HMs) for the treatment of hypertension (HTN) is increasing globally, but research on the potential adverse effects and safety of HMs in HTN patients is limited. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aim to determine the global prevalence of HMusage among HTN patients and assess the safety of identified herbs based on current scientific evidence. Methods: The PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) databases were searched for cross-sectional studies on the use of HM among HTN patients. Our review includes studies published in English up to the year 2023. After extracting and appraising the data from the studies, a meta-analysis was conducted using the Stata version 16.0 to estimate the pooled prevalence of HM use in patients with HTN (PROSPERO: CRD42023405537). The safety classification of the identified HM was done based on the existing scientific literature. Results: This study analyzed 37 cross-sectional studies from 21 countries and found that 37.8% of HTN patients used HM to manage their health. The prevalence of HM use varied significantly based on publication year and geographical region. Among the 71 identified herbs, Allium sativum L., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., and Olea europaea L. were the most commonly used. However, four herbs were identified as contraindicated, 50 herbs required caution, and only 11 herbs were considered safe for use. Conclusion: The study highlights the potential risks of toxicities and adverse effects associated with HM use in the treatment of HTN. Ensuring patient safety involves using safe HMs in appropriate doses and avoiding contraindicated HMs. Future research should focus on identifying commonly used herbs, especially in resource-limited countries with poor HTN management, and additional clinical research is required to assess the toxicity and safety of commonly used HMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented study sought to investigate the response of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) plants on the influence of micronutrients nano fertilizer (silicon and zinc), carried out in June 2021 on private orchard fields in the Wasit Province, Iraq. The treatment construction was a perfectly randomized factorial experiment (5 × 5 × 3) in a completely randomized design, done with three replications. The roselle plant received micronutrients spraying with nano fertilizer silicon at concentrations of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppm and nano zinc with concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 ppm, studying their effects on the plant height (cm), fresh and dry weights (g plant-1 ), anthocyanin content, total soluble sugars, acidity citric acid, and TFAA of roselle rhizome in yield in single and two-way interactions. The discovery revealed a single application of the previously indicated factors had a considerable influence on the roselle’s development and productivity features, especially at high concentrations. Different outcomes resulted using two-way interactions. The most crucial effect observed was on the total soluble sugars. Based on the results, adding nano silicon and nano zinc to the roselle plant significantly increased all traits, regardless of the vegetable characteristics or chemical content achieved with the highest concentrations using the highest effects, whether alone or with two interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) is a flowering plant reported to have anti-obesity, antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to evaluate the UV-absorbing and antioxidant activities of roselle aqueous extracts (RAE) and test the protective effects of RAE against UV radiation in zebrafish embryos. (2) Methods: DPPH assay and UV-spectrum methods were applied to evaluate the antioxidant and UV-absorbing activities, respectively. The protective effects of RAE were evaluated using fin morphology recording, Kaplan–Meier analysis, and Cox proportional hazards regression. Real-time PCR experiments were also applied to detect both the UV- and RAE-induced gene expressions. (3) Results: Our results show that (i) RAE had UV-absorbing abilities and significantly reduced ROS production in vitro; (ii) the mean times of malformed fins in the UV + RAE (36 and 48 ppm) groups were 3.56 and 4.44 days, respectively, and were prolonged compared to those in the UV-only group (3.36 days); (iii) zebrafish in the UV + RAE (36 and 48 ppm) groups were 0.963 and 0.496 (p < 0.001) times more likely to develop to malformed fins, respectively, than those in the UV-only group; and (iv) the RAE treatment led to the 0.19- to 0.62-fold downregulation of the p53, p21, mdm2, and bcl2 gene expressions, compared to the UV-only group. (4) Conclusions: The UV-protective effects of RAE might derive from both the in vitro UV-absorbing activity and in vivo regulation of the p53, p21, mdm2, and bcl2 gene expressions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven experimental diets were prepared to feed the common carp Cyprinus carpio L. They are the control diet without additives T1 and three diets to which sweet bean seed powder was added in three proportions, namely 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, respectively, for the diets T2, T3 and T4, and the diets contained T5 and T6. And T7 on Roselle seed powder at rates of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%, in an experiment that lasted for 60 days. The results showed a greater weight elevate in the T5, T6, and T7 treatments (21.24, 24.07, and 22.12 grams) compared to the T1 and T4 control treatments (18.06, 19.29) grams. These treatments contained Roselle seeds. At 0.401 grams per day, treatment T6 exceeds all other treatments and control treatment, which recorded 0.250 grams per day. Between the roselle seed powder treatments and the control and sweet bean seed powder treatments, there was a substantial (P≤0.05) increase in the specific growth rate. With percentages of 13.873, 11.035, and 11.053%, respectively, the relative growth rate increased significantly (P≤0.05) in treatments T5, T6, and T7 compared to treatments T1, T3, and T4. Continuous feed conversion rate. In treatment T6, the feed efficiency rate increased up to 19.26%. This study concludes that the addition of sweet bean powder and Roselle's to fish meals enhances the nutritional value of the diets as well as the fish's development, and general health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yogurt is one example of a functional food that can improve health and reduce the risk of diseases. Certain ingredients, such as probiotic bacteria and roselle extract, are added to yogurt to enhance its benefits. The utilized probiotic, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5, provides notable antimicrobial benefits. Additionally, the incorporated roselle extract is established to possess antioxidant and antihypertensive properties. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, antioxidant, and antihypertensive activities of probiotic Greek yogurt (PGY) and probiotic Greek yogurt with roselle extract (PGYR). The roselle extract added to the Greek probiotic yogurt was 3%, and the bacteria used in the fermentation process for both treatments were S. thermophilus IFO 13957, L. bulgaricus IFO 13953, and L. plantarum IIA-1A5. Each treatment was replicated three times in duplicate. The results showed that the addition of roselle extract to probiotic Greek yogurt significantly influenced (p<0.05) the antioxidant and antihypertensive activity, water activity (aw), pH, total acidity (TAT), and the color aspect in the hedonic test and the flavor, color, and aroma aspects in the hedonic quality test. The antioxidant activity and antihypertensive activity tests yielded significantly different results. The antioxidant activity increased from 29.32% (PGY) to 44.93% (PGYR), while the antihypertensive activity increased from 35.68% (PGY) to 81.36% (PGYR). This study concluded that the characteristics of PGYR have met the SNI standards and have a higher antioxidant and antihypertensive activity value than PGY. PGYR also has a promising potential for commercial development due to its health benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the future, it is necessary to discover natural resources with no or less toxicity and side effects instead of synthetic drugs. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize, isolate, measure, and reveal the biological activities of substances in the structure of natural resources. In this study, the two extracts prepared from the plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa) and the insect (Dactylopius coccus) were examined. Sampling of the released substances was performed using Gas-ChromatographyMass Spectrometry (GC-MS). In addition, viability, apoptosis, and oxidative stress of the derivatized samples were determined. Due to the biological differences between the samples, the chemical structures observed in the GC-MS analysis were not the same. It was observed that stigmasterol and its derivatives were found in the pomegranate sample, whereas naphthol and its derivatives were more abundant in the Cochineal insect sample. The cell viability increased with increasing concentrations of stigmasterol, which is present in large amounts in the structure of the pomegranate flower. However, the cell viability decreased with the Cochineal insect sample. Apoptosis and oxidative stress test results were also found to be different and contrasted for both samples. Therefore, the present study presents a new, natural, and different source that can be used as an antiviral and anticancer agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus sabdariffa calyx was assessed for nutritional value and biocidal potential. Proximate analysis revealed moisture content of 2.85%, while protein, fat and carbohydrate contents were 18.31%, 3.40% and 73.62% respectively. Phytochemical screening revealed presence of reducing sugars, flavonoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Inhibition zones due to sensitivity testing of the ethylacetate fraction (10 mg/ml) ranged between 10.33±0.58 and 17.17±0.76 mm against Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CISp1) and Escherichia coli (NCIB 86) respectively. The partially purified ethylacetate fraction (5 mg/mL) inhibition zones ranged between 12.00±1.00 (P. aeruginosa (CISp1)) and 24.00±0.00 (P. aeruginosa (NCIB 950)) while MIC ranged between 1.25 and 2.50 mg/mL. After 120 min of direct contact between the fraction (1×MIC) and Staphylococcus aureus, total cell death was 74.7%. Absolute mortality rate was achieved 3×MIC concentration at 120 mins and 60 mins for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia, respectively. + Amount of K leakages at 1×MIC was 2.24µg/mL from S. aureus and 3.38µg/mL from K. pneumoniae. In general, leakages of cytoplasmic contents increase with increase in the concentration of the extract and the contact time. The green calyx of H. sabdariffa was found to have combined nutritional and medicinal values, thus, confirm its traditional application as food and in the treatment of infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of cisplatin as a breast cancer chemotherapy agent has side effects, one of which is toxicity to normal cells. Therefore, this study aimed to use Hibiscus sabdariffa extract (HSE) to promote cytotoxic prevention. Several active compounds such as anthocyanin, protocatechuic acid, and hydroxyl citric acid compounds in HSE have cytotoxic activities. Combining cisplatin and the extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HSE) as a co-chemotherapy agent reduces the dose of cisplatin. It was discovered that HSE and cisplatin had cytotoxic effects on T47D cells with IC50 values of 32.3 ± 2.15 μg/mL and 6.64 ± 0.68 μg/mL, respectively. Selectivity assay on Vero cells resulted in SI values of 52.84 for HSE and 1220.7 for cisplatin. Anti-proliferation test on control cells indicated a doubling time value of 55.74 ± 0.55 h, while HSE at concentrations of 32.3 µg/mL,16.15 µg/mL, and 8.08 µg/mL didn't indicate any doubling time value. Based on this study, we found that the combination of 16.15 µg/mL of HSE and 3.32 µg/mL of cisplatin had a strong synergistic effect with a Combination Index (CI) value of 0.002. The mechanism of HSE and cisplatin was identified through the increasing expression of p53 and decreasing expression of Bcl-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The residue from roselle beverage production is rich in polyphenols and dietary fiber. We investigated its potential as a preventive and therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male Wistar rats were fed a high-fat high-fructose diet (HFFD) for 17 weeks, reaching insulin resistance by week 9, and induced to T2DM with streptozotocin (STZ) at week 13. Roselle beverage residue (RBR) was administered ad libitum mixed at 6% with the HFFD. Rats received HFFD+RBR as a preventive strategy starting at week 1 (healthy) and week 9 (insulin resistant), whereas the treatment strategy in T2DM rats started at week 14 alone or in combination with metformin (200 mg/kg/day), with a control metformin-treated group. All RBR-supplemented groups showed reduced serum glucose levels (1.4-fold to 1.8-fold) compared with the HFFD+STZ control group. Preventive RBR administration enhanced pancreatic function, leading to improved insulin sensitivity (6.5-fold to 7.9-fold). Gene expression analysis identified slight alterations in hepatic and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Additionally, RBR supplementation demonstrated a preventive role in mitigating hyperuricemia (2.1-fold to 2.2-fold), with no effect on glomerular hyperfiltration. While the exact mechanisms underlying RBR effects remain to be fully elucidated, our findings highlight its promising potential as a dietary supplement for preventing and treating T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, biodegradable active films were prepared from potato starch and polyvinyl alcohol at different proportions, mixed with acetone extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HS) and using glycerol as a plasticizer. Functional properties, antimicrobial, and antioxidant capacity were evaluated. Potato starch films with a proportion of polyvinyl alcohol up to 50% and HS extract had significant antioxidant capacity and antibacterial effect against most of the analyzed strains. Adding polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) and HS extract improved the mechanical performance and reduced water vapor permeability of the materials. The active biobased films with HS extract presented good physicochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. These materials are considered as suitable for food packaging, and the active compounds in the roselle extract are a natural antibacterial option for the food area. The materials based entirely on biodegradable products are an excellent alternative when developing and marketing biobased materials, minimizing the environmental impact of food packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Obesity is associated with many chronic non-communicable diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, gallbladder disease, bone and joint disorders, skin diseases, fatty liver disease, etc. (Wharton et al., 2020)1 The recent report revealed that overweight and obesity were prevalent in 60 % of the adult population. Several studies have been published to determine the effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. on obesity treatment, but the findings are still inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and safety of H. sabdariffa Linn in the treatment of obesity. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL from inception to February 2024. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included if they explored the effect of H. sabdariffa on one of the following outcomes: body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. A random-effects model was used to meta-analyze the data. I2 was used to quantify statistical heterogeneity among the included RCTs. PROSPERO registered protocol: CRD42023408880. Results: A total of six RCTs with 339 participants were included. Four trials used H. sabdariffa extract in capsules as the intervention of interest compared to placebo, while the other two trials used H. sabdariffa tea compared to black or green tea. Our meta-analyses showed that the mean difference in weight reduction between H. sabdariffa and control was − 0.27 kg (95 % confidence interval (CI); − 1.98 to 1.42, I2 = 0.0 %). The mean differences for BMI and waist circumference reduction were − 0.06 kg/m2 (95 % CI; − 0.58 to 0.47, I2 = 0.0 %) and − 0.20 centimeters (95 % CI; − 2.06 to 1.66, I2 = 0.00 %). No safety concerns were reported in the included studies. Conclusion: Our study did not show a clinical benefit of H. sabdariffa extract in obesity treatment. However, further high-quality RCTs with a longer treatment duration and a standard dose are still warranted.

This study presents a green, novel, one-pot, and single-step method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide/silver nanocomposites (RGO/Ags) with different Ag ratios using Roselle extract and 80kGy of γ-ray for symmetric supercapacitor applications. As a natural antioxidant, Roselle extract served as a scavenger of oxidative free radicals to inhibit the oxidation of graphene oxide/silver nitrate suspensions (GO/AgO3), which were undergoing radiolysis under γ irradiation. An additional sample of GO/AgO3 was irradiated with the same dose in the absence of Roselle for comparability. The efficient reduction of GO/AgO3 has been assessed by several analytical techniques, including XRD, FTIR, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of Roselle hindered the formation of the AgO phase while concurrently promoting the construction of the Ag phase. Furthermore, using Roselle extract results in a more homogeneous dispersion of spherical silver nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets. Symmetric supercapacitor has been assembled from arbitrary samples amongst RGO/Ags, which showed good performance like low internal resistance and suitable specific capacitance (96 F/g at current density 0.2 A/g). The findings point to the merit of RGO/Ag nanocomposites prepared by the synergetic effect of γ-ray and Roselle extract as an efficient supercapacitor material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bissap is prepared from Roselle calyxes (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) by hot infusion and marketed as a health drink. To improve the tart attributes, sucrose is usually added. However, because of nutrition and health concerns, processors explore other types of sweeteners, but the impact on the phytochemical and physicochemical quality and sensory properties of Bissap is not reported despite the potential influence on consumer acceptability. In this study, Roselle calyx extract was prepared to which sugarloaf pineapple pulp, Roscoe ginger, Negro/Ethiopian pepper, and cloves were added to obtain the Bissap stock (control). Then, either sucrose, caramel, honey, or sucralose was added to the Bissap to achieve a comparable sweetness (13.1°Brix), and the effects were assessed during storage. The results showed that caramel and honey significantly increased the nonenzymatic browning of Bissap from 0.49 ± 0.04 to 0.66 ± 0.07 and 0.64 ± 0.02 , and the cloud value from 0.14 ± 0.01 to 0.23 ± 0.01 and 0.28 ± 0.02 , respectively. The use of honey increased the ascorbic acid from 2.58 ± 0.17 to 3.35 ± 0.19 mg AE/mL, phenols from 11.25 ± 0.90 to 17.66 ± 1.07 mg GAE/mL, flavonoid from 15.33 ± 1.12 to 27.02 ± 1.69 mg QE/mL, and antioxidant capacity from 16.59 ± 1.34 to 25.36 ± 1.00 mg GAE/mL. During storage, ascorbate content decreased, but at a rate lower for honey-Bissap than the other sweeteners whilst the flavonoid and antioxidant activity of honey- and caramel-Bissap improved. The physicochemical changes led to a shelf life of 10 days at 6°C storage. Sensory analysis revealed the highest consumer (n = 75) acceptability scores for sucrose (5.89 ± 0.17), sucralose (5.43 ± 0.17), caramel (5.07 ± 0.17), honey (4.30 ± 0.20), and unsweetened Bissap (2.59 ± 0.22). Although honey enhanced the functional quality of Bissap, sucralose showed the highest potential as an alternative sweetener. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalent utilization of medicinal plants in communities underscores their promise as antimicrobial agents amid rising antibiotic resistance. This study assesses five medicinal plants; Bambusa vulgaris, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Heteropogon contortus, Moringa oleifera, and Carica papaya against clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi and Shigella dysenteriae. Methodology: Five medicinal plants were chosen based on traditional knowledge and ethnobotanical practices. Phytochemical analysis followed standard methods. Plant extracts were prepared using ethanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and hexane. Various concentrations (R conc., D1 conc., D2 conc, D3 conc, and D4 conc) of the extracts were evaluated using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion and broth dilution methods to ascertain antimicrobial properties, including minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). Results: Phytochemical analysis revealed abundant saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins, notably higher with ethanol extraction. Hibiscus sabdariffa demonstrated potent activity against S. Typhi with inhibition zone diameters of 29.00 mm (R conc), 27.00 mm (D1 conc), 14.00 mm (D2 conc), and 4.00 mm (D3 conc). Heteropogon contortus exhibited activity against S. dysenteriae with inhibition zone diameter of 25.05 mm (R conc), 15.00 mm (D1 conc), 10.00 mm (D2 conc), and 5.00 mm (D3 onc). The inhibition zone diameters of B. vulgaris were 18.50 mm (R conc), 17.00 mm (D1 conc), and 10.00 mm (D2 conc) against S. dysenteriae. The MIC and MBC were similar for both organisms, with H. sabdariffa (MIC: D3-4.27 mg/mL, MBC: D1-68.25 mg/mL) and H. contortus (MIC: D3-4.69 mg/mL, MBC: R-75.00 mg/mL), while M. oleifera, C. papaya, and B. vulgaris had negligible antimicrobial activity. Conclusion: Hibiscus sabdariffa and H. contortus exhibited potent antimicrobial effects against Salmonella, with MICs of 4.27 mg/mL and 4.69 mg/mL, and MBCs of 68.25 mg/mL and 75.00 mg/mL respectively. Their consistent low MICs against Shigella suggest their potentials for antibiotic production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Rosella) has a long history of use in food preparation, herbal remedies, hot and cold beverages, food industry flavoring, and herbal drinks. More than 300 species of Hibiscus are grown all over the world. It is an annual herbaceous shrub belonging to the family Malvacea. However, limited is known about the antimicrobial properties of H. sabdariffa; the purpose of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of H. sabdariffa (Rosella) extract against a range of pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. The results of the study showed that H. sabdariffa (Rosella) extract had a significant antimicrobial effect, against S. aureus and E. coli. Further the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) shows 128 µg/mL concentration followed by E. coli 256 µg/mL. The biocompatibility of crude metabolites shows highly compatible with Red blood cells (RBC's). This finding suggests that the crude metabolites of H. sabdariffa (Rosella) could be the source to control the human pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worm infections remain a significant health challenge globally, including in Indonesia, where they continue to contribute to a majority of health issues. Soil-transmitted helminths (STH), particularly intestinal nematode parasites, are predominant in causing these infections. Microscopic examination with 2% eosin staining is a conventional method for diagnosing worm infections. However, exploring alternative staining agents, such as anthocyanin-rich extracts from Hibiscus rosasinensis L. (hibiscus flower) and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (roselle flower), presents a promising avenue. These plants possess anthocyanin compounds, resulting in a captivating red pigment and making them suitable for utilization as natural coloring agents. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of hibiscus and roselle infusions as alternative staining reagents for examining STH egg, compared to the standard 2% eosin staining method. Adopting a true experimental design, samples of STH worm egg suspensions were subjected to different concentrations of hibiscus and roselle infusions. The results revealed varying staining outcomes with different concentrations. However, a 1: 1 concentration ratio of hibiscus and roselle infusions demonstrated effective staining against STH worm eggs. In conclusion, this research underscores the comparative effectiveness of hibiscus and roselle infusions as alternative staining reagents for STH egg examination, with 2% eosin serving as the control. These findings hold potential implications for improving diagnostic techniques in managing worm infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roselle, also known as Hibiscus sabdariffa L., is a plant that is quite easy to grow, making it a viable option for developing nations. It is rich in vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds such as organic acids, phytosterols, and polyphenols. Research suggests that the extract from roselle calyx shows promise as a potential agent for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. Osteoblasts are cells that play an important role in bone tissue engineering. However, the potential toxicity effect of roselle extract on osteoblasts is yet to be determined. The dried roselle calyx was extracted using 96% ethanol as the solvent. The extract was then divided into four concentrations: 15 mg/ml, 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the secondary metabolites of the extract. The cytotoxicity activity against osteoblast cells was evaluated using the MTT Assay. Roselle calyx extract has alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, and tannins. The results show that all four concentrations had non-toxic effects, with viabilities exceeding 70%. The highest viability was at 30 mg/ml (241%), followed by 25 mg/ml (134%), 20 mg/ml (99%), and the lowest at 15 mg/ml (77%). Roselle calyx extract shows potential as an agent for bone tissue engineering and regeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]