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Claw horn disorders, infectious diseases of hooves and leg injuries cause lameness in dairy cows (Olechnowicz and Jaskowski, 2011). A lame cow is easily recognized while walking. In tied system, hock and hoof injuries are common, and some of them is easy to spot. However, behaviour that indicates pain in the hooves often remains unnoticed which compromise welfare status of affected animals. The aim of the study was to determine the incidence and character of the changes in the hocks and hoofs among tied dairy cows, and also behavior of cows with those changes. Book of Abstracts

Paramphistomosis is a parasitic disease that in goats and rarely cause P.cervi and P.microbothrium. During the investigations conducted in the period 2012-2014 at several locations in Serbia, the prevalence ranged from 2.75-15.43%. Adult parasites were localized in the rumen and reticulum, immature in the duodenum or abomazus. Acute or intestinal pharamphistomosis occurs in young animals. It is caused by juvenile forms of the parasite. It occurs acute necrotizing hemorrhagic duodenitis, usually 2 -3 weeks after infection. The lining of the pyloric and duodenal rennet are edematous, catarrhal with bloody mucus, and a large number of parasites. Blood vessels are overfilled with blood. Diagnosis is made by stool examination and autopsy and histological examination determination by Nesmark-in. Paramfistomoza je parazitsko obolenje koje kod koza uzrokuju P.cervi a rede i P.microbothrium. Tokom istraživanja radenih u periodu 2012-2014 na više lokaliteta u Srbiji, prevalenca je varirala od 2.75-15.43%. Odrasli paraziti su lokalizovani u rumenu i retikulumu, nezreli u duodenumu ili abomazusu. Akutna ili crevna paramfistomoza se javlja kod mladih životinja. Izazivaju je juvenilni oblici parazita. Nastaje akutni nekroticni hemoragicni duodenitis, najčešće 2 -3 nedelje po infekciji. Sluznica pilorusa sirista i duodenuma su edematozne, kataralne sa krvavom sluzi i velikim brojem parazita. Krvni sudovi su prepunjeni krvlju. Dijagnoza se postavlja koprološkim pregledom i obdukcijom a determinacija histološkim pregledom po Nesmark-u.

The concept of modern industrial production of pigs on commercial farms is based, among other things, the implementation of biosecurity measures, as well as solving problems of environmental protection, which greatly burden the production. It is well known that good health is a prerequisite of good pig reproduction or successful and profitable production of pig. The health status of the herd depends on many factors, such as the maintenance technology, nursing, nutrition, organization, level of staff training and the systematic implementation of health care. Today we are witnessing a large number of bacterial diseases, viral etiology and certain parasites can seriously affect the production of pigs in intensive farming. These diseases are applying prophylactic and therapeutic measures, as well as increased surveillance of professional services to keep under control. Koncept savremene industrijske proizvodnje svinja na komercijalnim farmama zasnovan je, između ostalog i na sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, kao i na rešavanju problema ekološke zaštite koji u velikoj meri opterećuju proizvodnju. Poznato je da dobro zdravlje svinja predstavlja preduslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno uspešne i profitabilne proizvodnje u svinjarstvu. Zdravstveni status stada zavisi od velikog broja činilaca, kao što su tehnologija držanja, nege, ishrane, organizacija, stepen obučenosti kadrova kao i sistematsko sprovođenje mera zdravstvene zaštite. Danas smo svedoci da veliki broj oboljenja bakterijske, virusne etiologije kao i pojedine parazitoze mogu ozbiljno ugroziti proizvodnju svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju. Ove bolesti moguće je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanim nadzorom stručnih službi držati pod kontrolom.

Parasites infection were permanent health problem at swine production at exensive and farm breeding. Organic breeding induced permanent contact of swine and intermeditae host of numerous parasites and those infection were more frequent at these breeding condition. In most cases there were presented biohelminths from genus Metastrongylus, nematode which cause gastritis verminosa (Ascarops strongyllinae, Physocephalus sexalatus and Hyostrongylus rubidus), Oesophagostomum spp. And Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. There were presented at lover rate of infection Acaris suum,. and other helminths. Parazitske infekcije predstavljaju stalne pratioce svinjarske proizvodnje, nezavisno od načina držanja. Organska proizvodnja i držanje uslovljavaju da svinje imaju direktan dodir sa mnoštvom prelaznih domaćina parazita a samim tim da su kod njih parazitske infekcije češće. U najvećoj meri ovde se javljaju biohelminti od kojih su najvažniji predstavnici roda Metastrongylus, uzročnici verminoznog gastrita (Ascarops strongyllinae, Physocephalus sexalatus and Hyostrongylus rubidus), Oesophagostomum spp. i Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus. Ovde se takođe javljaju i Acaris suum, i drugi helminti u manjem obimu.

Dermatomycosis is well known skin disease of cattle. Clinically manifested dermatomycosis diagnosed in period from october to november in high pregnant heifers Holstein Friesian race in tied housing, and in dairy cows on the farm with extensive breeding.. Characterized by lesions on the skin of the head in patients with head, in the form of round hairless mass covered with white flakes from 0.5 to 1.0 cm thick. Papillomatosis is a viral disease caused by DNA virus of the family Papovaviridae. Cause disease in all ruminants, and is considered to have the character of zoonosis. Papillomatosis was found on the farm of high-producing dairy cows, and changes such as fibropapiloma the head and neck. The incidence and nature of these diseases highlight the importance of ensuring the conditions of growing cattle. Trihoficija je dobro poznato oboljenje kože goveda, koja je prisutna na našim farmama visoko-mlečnih krava. Klinički manifestna trihoficija dijagnostikovana je u periodu oktobar-novembar kod visoko steonih junica holštajn-frizijske rase u vezanom sistemu držanja i kod mlečnih krava ekstenzivnog uzgoja. Karakterisale su je promene na koži glave kod obolelih grla, u vidu okrugle bezdlačne mase pokrivene belim ljuspicama debljine 0,5-1,0 cm. Papilomatoza je virusno oboljenje koju prouzrokuje DNK virus iz porodice Papovaviridae. Prouzrokuje oboljenje kod svih preživara, a smatra se da ima i karakter zoonoze. Papilomatoza je utvrđena na jednoj farmi visoko-mlečnih krava, sa promenama u vidu fibropapiloma na glavi i vratu. Učestalost pojave i karakter ovih oboljenja ukazuju na značaj obezbeđenja uslova gajenja goveda.

In the cattle raising, hog raising is one of the largest and the most important parts. Hog raising is of great importance for Serbia, especially in regions with favorable conditions for the production of corn as the main food for pigs. By analyzing the number of pigs in ten-year period, it can be established that the average number of pigs in the Republic of Serbia was 3,497,000.00 ranged from 3,165,000.00 to 3,832,000.00, with a tendency of decrease of 10,000 pigs per year. The average number of sows and pregnant gilts was 714,600.00 ± 74 730, a first-degree equations true indicates that the average annual reduction in the number of animals was 22,850. Analyzing price movements of pigs in the period 2001-2011, we conclude that the price was on average 1.86 ± 0.39 Euros, the average price of pigs being fattened in the same period was 1.32 ± 0.28 Euros, and price of maize was 0.13 ± 0.05 Euros. Analyzing the relationship between corn price and piglets price we get (rxy= -0.45) negative and low correlation coefficient, which indicates a small negative dependence of the price of piglets due to the change of the corn price. The effect of the corn price on the price of the pigs being fattened is almost negligible (rxy = 0,11). Slightly larger and positive impact has the change in the price of pigs being fattened on increasing the price of piglets (rxy = 0.59). . U okviru stočarske proizvodnje proizvodnja svinja predstavlja jedan od najvećih i najznačajnijih delova. Svinjarska proizvodnja ima veliki značaj za Srbiju, a posebno za regione koji imaju povoljne uslove za proizvodnju kukuruza kao osnovnog energetskog hraniva za ishranu svinja Analizirajući broj svinja u desetogodišnjem ispitivanom period može se ustanoviti da je prosečan broj svinja u R Srbiji bio 3.497.000,00 sa variranjem od 3.165.000,00 do 3.832.000,00. sa tendencijom smanjenja od 10.000 grla godišnje.. Prosečan broj krmača i suprasnih nazimica bio je 714.600,00 ± 74.730, a jednačina prave prvog stepena ukazuje da je prosečno godišnje smanjenje broja grla bilo 22.850. Analizirajući kretanje cena prasadi u periodu od 2001. do 2011. godine ustanovljava se da je ona bila prosečno 1,86 ± 0,39 eura, prosečna cena tovljenika u istom periodu bila je 1,32 ± 0,28 eura, a cena kukuruza bila je 0,13 ± 0,05 eura Analizirajući vezu između cene kukuruza i cene prasadi dobijamo (rxy = -0,45) negativan i nizak koeficijent korelacije, što ukazuje na malu i negativnu zavisnost cene prasadi u odnosu na promenu cene kukuruza. Uticaj cene kukuruza na cenu tovnih svinja gotovo je zanemarljiv (rxy = 0,11). Nešto veći i pozitivan uticaj ima promena cene tovljenika na povećanje cene prasadi (rxy = 0,59). .

U ovom radu dat je pregled uzročnika oboljenja prasadi na sisi na farmama svinja industrijskog tipa. Današnja industrijska proizvodnja svinja bazira se na sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, kao i rešavanju ekoloških problema, koji znatno opterećuju proizvodnju. Dobro zdravlje svinja je uslov dobre reprodukcije, odnosno rentabilne proizvodnje. Zdravlje svinja zavisi od uslova držanja, nege, ishrane, kontrole zdravlja i zdravstvene zaštite. Veliki broj bolesti koje su prisutne na farmama svinja industrijskog tipa moguće je primenom profilaktičkih i terapeutskih mera, kao i pojačanom kontrolom stručnih službi držati pod kontrolom. Fleksibilnom saradnjom vlasnika farmi sa stručnim službama, uz poštovanje i sprovođenje stručnih saznanja, te primenom niza biotehničkih mera i stavljanjem akcenta na preveniranje bolesti svinja, a u cilju promocije dobrog zdravlja svinja, moguće je unaprediti proizvodnju. Biosigurnost, dobrobit, dobra proizvođačka praksa i analiza rizika na kritičkim kontolnim tačkama su veoma značajni elementi za intenzivnu proizvodnju svinja. Planska primena biosigurnosnih mera presudna je u zaštiti zdravlja svinja i za uspeh proizvodnje. Today industrial production of pigs is based on the implementation of biosecurity measures and addressing environmental problems, which substantially burden the productions. Good health is a condition for successful pig reproduction and cost-effective production. Health depends on the housing conditions, care, nutrition, control of health and health care. A large number of disease that are present in the industrial swine farms, it is possible using prophylactic and therapeutic measures as well as enhanced control of professional services are in control. Flexible corporation of farm holders with professional service , to respect and implementation of professional knowledge and application of a number of biotechnical measures and focusing on prevention of disease of pigs in order to promote the good health of pigs it is possible to improve production. Biosecurity, welfare, good manufacturing practice and hazard analysis at critical control points are very important elements for intensive pig production. The planned use of biosecurity measures is crucial in protecting the health of pigs and production success.

Respiratory disease in pigs are major cause of morbidity, mortality, and major cause of economic losses. As results of this situation, it is necessary to carry out timely diagnoses, adequate therapy and on farms established prophylactic measures. Our intention was to show in this paper, production indicators, such as consequence presence of PRRS in pig farms industrial type. The biggest losses in pigs were the first three month of out break in the period from 3-12 month mortality gradually decreased. The costs of prevention and treatment of secondary infections during the 12 month after outbreak of the disease were on average about 40% higher in the period before in relation on period before appear disease. . Bolesti organa za disanje kod svinja su jedan od glavnih uzroka morbiditeta, mortaliteta i jedan od glavnih uzroka ekonomskih gubitaka. Kao rezultat takvog stanja, neophodno je blagovremeno sprovesti dijagnostiku, adekvatnu terapiju i na farmama uvoditi profilaktičke mere. Namera nam je bila da u ovom radu prikažemo proizvodne pokazatelje, kao posledicu prisustva PRRS na farmi svinja industrijskog tipa. Najveći gubici kod tovnih svinja bili su prva 3 meseca od izbijanja zaraze a u periodu od 3-12 meseci mortalitet se postepeno smanjivao. Troškovi prevencije i lečenja sekundarnih infekcija tokom 12 meseci posle izbijanja bolesti bili su u proseku oko 40 procenata veći u odnosu na period pre izbijanja bolesti. .