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This publication contains data on geophysical measurements taken in the Szuszalewo wetlands located in northern Poland. The measurements were made using the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) method. The ERI data was collected during two survey expeditions – March 30th, 31st (two ERI profiles), April 1st (one ERI profile), and May 12th (two prospection lines) 2023. The reason goal was to illustrate the arrangement of geological layers creating this wetland. The data repository contains detailed data descriptions for each survey site. This Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) data from the selected survey sites can be used to perform numerical modeling of groundwater and surface water interaction in this environmentally valuable area, which is, to a certain extent a scientific terra incognita, hydrogeological investigation of hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic field, identify geological structure, and characterize engineering properties of the organic soils.

[Objective] Exploring the impact of hydropower development on local climate is an important guarantee for preventing and mitigating the possible negative effects of hydropower development and realizing sustainable energy development and environmental protection. [Methods] Four typical hydropower stations, Longkaikou and Guanyinyan in the middle reaches of the Jinsha River and Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba in the lower reaches of the river, were selected. By applying the climatic propensity rate, the M-K trend test, and the wavelet analysis, this study quantitatively analyzed the monthly, seasonal and yearly changes of temperature and precipitation before and after the impoundment of water in the middle and lower reaches of the river, as well as the sudden changes in the development of hydropower and the cyclical characteristics. [Results] (1) After water storage, the hydropower station had an inhibitory effect on the highest temperature and an uplifting effect on the lowest temperature in the valley. In summer and autumn, the downstream hydropower station played a cooling role, and the average monthly temperature decreased significantly in February, June, July, September, October and November, while the midstream hydropower station did not have the temperature regulation effect, with only a slight decrease in average air temperature in July. (2) After water storage, precipitation in each season increased significantly, with an increase of 0.71~27.95 mm in April, August, and September. (3) Air temperature and precipitation were related to hydropower development, and the air temperature and precipitation of the mid-and downstream hydropower stations underwent abrupt changes at different times during the development and after the water storage. (4) Air temperature and precipitation showed similar characteristics in wavelet change period, and after water storage, local precipitation showed more significant periodicity and had a certain degree of stability. [Conclusion] At different time scales, hydropower development affected local temperature and precipitation varied across river reaches, and was constrained by multiple factors such as geographic location, the surrounding environment and water storage duration.

Beaver-created ponds constitute an important element of small water retention in forest catchments and preserving biodiversity as breeding sites for vertebrates and invertebrates. In many areas, these habitats disappear as a result of drainage melioration, drainage formed from agricultural and developmental needs, and liquidation by littering and backfilling. This study was carried out from 2017 to 2019 to understand the transformations of river valley as a result of the beaver activity in the context of newly created ponds and mountain stream and to assess the changes and biodiversity. Beavers modified in-stream habitat by constructing dams, thus creating a series of interconnected dam ponds. Organic matter retention was higher in beaver ponds relative to unmodified river section. In beaver ponds, the invertebrate aquatic assemblages was highly variable. A total of 56 taxa were identified, and significant seasonal variability of benthos assemblages. The values of diversity indices confirmed the instability of benthos assemblage in beaver ponds (variability of species amongst years and sites), which may be related to the short period of their existence. Lotic macroinvertebrate assemblages were common in the beaver-modified section of stream, with some lentic taxa also being present. The unmodified section of stream had more abundant collectors- gatherers and predators and no filter feeders, while scrapers were more abundant in modified section. The environmental variables which significantly influenced invertebrate occurrence were pH, nitrates, iron and the content of organic matter. The results contribute to ecological characteristics of these aquatic environments, and enable determining their functioning in forest areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article provides a detailed examination of the geological structure of Quaternary deposits at the bottom of the Prut River valley in the «Chernivtsi Gate» area based on engineering and geological survey data. The primary focus is on analyzing the structure and composition of geological formations, as well as studying geological processes and phenomena that influence the formation of the relief. During the research, materials from engineering and geological surveys were analyzed. This allowed for obtaining reliable information about the composition and physico-mechanical properties of the Quaternary deposits that form the bottom of the Prut River valley. The studies revealed significant variability in the thickness of the alluvium in the «Chernivtsi Gate» area, directly influenced by the relief of the river's bedrock. The relief of the Neogene clay surface shows significant irregularities that are not reflected on the surface of the valley. This indicates a complex erosional history of the valley, determined by both hydrological and tectonic factors. The results of the surveys provide important information for assessing the stability of the area, planning construction, and other engineering works. The conclusions of the study emphasize the need to consider geological conditions during the design and development of infrastructure in this region. Overall, the article makes a significant contribution to understanding the geological structure and processes that influence the formation of the relief at the bottom of the Prut River valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Management and protection of regional water resources requires an understanding of the hydrological characteristics and water quality changes. In this study, we combined isotopic, geochemical and hydrometric measurements to investigate hydrological characteristics and water quality changes during the interactions between surface water and groundwater in mountain river valley. Our results showed that the stable isotope values in most of the groundwater and river water samples were located above the middle of the local meteoric water line in a mountain river valley. The hydrochemical types of most of the groundwater and river water samples were Ca–Mg–HCO3 and were primarily dominated by rock weathering. The hydrochemical compositions of groundwater and river water were mainly affected by carbonate dissolution and cation exchange, but influences of saltwater intrusion and human activity were found at the lakeside. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the changes in hydrological processes at these groundwater and river water sites and they were also affected by meltwater, soil water and the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The water level of the river increased, and the recharge of the groundwater by river water increased in river valley during the rainy season, which led to an increase runoff path in groundwater. The interaction between the river water and groundwater was affected by the rainfall frequency and intensity, the recharge time of the soil water and the pressure of the river on both sides of the river channels. Additionally, our results indicated that the flow of groundwater into the river will lead to water quality deterioration. The increasing pressure of the river on the groundwater will cause the deterioration of groundwater quality, which will also be affected by saltwater intrusion and human activity. Our results detailed the hydrological characteristics, water quality changes and main influencing factors of the interaction between surface water and groundwater of river valley in mountain, which will be beneficial to promote the reasonable protection of water resources under climate change in the future.

The article presents the technique for geoinformation modeling of a site of a river valley with an insufficient amount of hydrological data. The technique will make it possible to carry out a forecast of hydrological phenomena in order to prevent the flooding of adjacent territories by flood waters. The study is based on the use of Earth remote sensing (RS) data and the use of geoinformation technologies (GIS). The sequence of the work is briefly described. The study was carried out on the example of a site of the valley of the Yesil (Ishim) river, located near Petropavlovsk (North Kazakhstan region, Republic of Kazakhstan). On the basis of remote sensing data and GIS technologies, a digital relief model of the studied section of the river valley was developed. The initial data were SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) images. The modeling of the scenario of possible flooding of adjacent territories by flood waters has been carried out. Modeling and mapping of flooding carried out for the flood peak. Modeling and construction of a flood map were carried out for the flood peak. An approach is proposed that makes it possible to perform a more accurate assessment of the boundaries of flooding without the procedure for calculating the hydrological characteristics of the river during the flood period and the absence of hydrometric observation data. Recommendations are given for the prevention of flood events, measures to protect adjacent lands from possible flooding. The obtained cartographic materials can be useful for planning and carrying out measures to prevent emergency situations related to floods on the river, reduce the risk of flooding of adjacent areas, and territorial design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management and protection of regional water resources requires an understanding of the hydrological characteristics and water quality changes. In this study, we combined isotopic, geochemical and hydrometric measurements to investigate hydrological characteristics and water quality changes during the interactions between surface water and groundwater in mountain river valley. Our results showed that the stable isotope values in most of the groundwater and river water samples were located above the middle of the local meteoric water line in a mountain river valley. The hydrochemical types of most of the groundwater and river water samples were Ca–Mg–HCO3 and were primarily dominated by rock weathering. The hydrochemical compositions of groundwater and river water were mainly affected by carbonate dissolution and cation exchange, but influences of saltwater intrusion and human activity were found at the lakeside. Precipitation was the main factor affecting the changes in hydrological processes at these groundwater and river water sites and they were also affected by meltwater, soil water and the interaction between groundwater and surface water. The water level of the river increased, and the recharge of the groundwater by river water increased in river valley during the rainy season, which led to an increase runoff path in groundwater. The interaction between the river water and groundwater was affected by the rainfall frequency and intensity, the recharge time of the soil water and the pressure of the river on both sides of the river channels. Additionally, our results indicated that the flow of groundwater into the river will lead to water quality deterioration. The increasing pressure of the river on the groundwater will cause the deterioration of groundwater quality, which will also be affected by saltwater intrusion and human activity. Our results detailed the hydrological characteristics, water quality changes and main influencing factors of the interaction between surface water and groundwater of river valley in mountain, which will be beneficial to promote the reasonable protection of water resources under climate change in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proposed procedure of identifying the stages of formation of mountain gorges is based on the use of the orotectonic method. This method makes it possible to reveal schemes of different-scale erosion-accumulative cycles in the gorge and adjacent valley of a large river. These schemes are compared with each other and successively correlated with local and regional stratigraphic schemes for dating the identified stages. The proposed complex of geological, geomorphological, and correlation studies can be used to analyze the history of formation of gorge river valleys in active orogens, such as the Caucasus and Tien Shan. It may also be helpful for paleoenvironmental reconstructions in archaeological research and geotechnical surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important factor in ensuring the maneuvering freedom of land forces in lowland areas is the ability to overcome water obstacles, especially riverbeds. The complex genesis (polygenesis) of the river valley sections in the Polish Lowlands is the reason for the great diversity of their geological structure. Polygenesis also determines the specificity of the course of the evolution of the river system, which is driven by climate change and the growing human influence on the hydrological conditions of the catchment area. Since individual genetic sections differ like the processes within them, their specificity is also written in the relief of the valley bottom and the diversity of the land on its surface. The selection of appropriate places for crossing or forcing river beds may be based on identifying a specific set of land surface features, which can be carried out using aerial or satellite remote sensing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Perm Krai, production of potash salts is accompanied by storage of salt waste on the surface. From salt dumps and slime storages, an underground flow of mineralized water was formed, due to which a saline soil formation process develops in the valleys of small rivers in the Kama river basin. Secondary saline alluvial soils were examined in the Chernaya river valley on the territory of the Berezniki potash production mine management. The morphostructural profile of soils shows signs of frequent changes in redox conditions. The Fe (III) ↔ Fe (II) transitions characteristic of hydromorphic soils were accompanied by the formation of a black color in the gelled horizons, which is probably caused by the synthesis of dark-colored minerals, including magnetite and hydrotroilite. Alluvial saline soils are characterized by strong salinity, chloride and sulfate-chloride, sodium and calcium-sodium chemistry. They show the neutralization of acidity, the appearance of carbonates, gypsum formation, and the entry of sodium and potassium ions into the soil absorbing complex. An assessment of the scale of secondary halogenesis development showed that distinct signs of saline soil formation were observed on an area of 17.3 ha, which is about 16 % of the river valley area. The rest of the alluvial soils may also contain easily soluble salts in varying amounts due to the mineralization of soil and ground water. The studied secondary saline soils were diagnosed to the genus and species relative to the modern classification of soils in Russia (2004), as well as in accordance with the world correlation database of soil resources (WRB). In general, the salinity levels, the reaction of the soil environment, and the composition of exchange bases in the alluvial soils of the Chernaya river correspond to the characteristics of previously studied secondary saline soils in the valleys of other small rivers of the Kama region. This correspondence allows us to state that the technogenic transformation of soils under the influence of mineralized water from the dump-sludge economy in the production of potash salts develops according to the same laws.

Previous attempts to elucidate the drivers of speciation mechanisms and spatial distribution patterns of biodiversity in mountain regions have treated different floras within a single geological region as one flora, ignoring the potential contributions of high habitat/ecosystem heterogeneity. Furthermore, current conservation strategies largely focus on forest ecosystems and/or specific flagship species, ignoring marginal ecosystems, leaving species in these ecosystems at risk. Here, we compared the spatial patterns of biodiversity and the potential drivers of these patterns in the river valley and subnival ecosystems of the Hengduan Mountains region (HDM) in southwestern China. Specifically, we compared spatial patterns of diversity, endemism, and threatened species in these ecosystems based on both traditional measurements and recent phylogenetic approaches. We then examined how those patterns were related to environmental factors and human activity in these same regions. We found that the middle-southern HDM supports the highest diversity and endemism for the river valley and subnival ecosystems; however, the distribution patterns of neo- and paleo-endemism in these two ecosystems differ. Regression models indicate that habitat diversity and paleo-climatic fluctuation are important drivers of diversity and endemism for these two ecosystems. Temperature and precipitation, however, showed different influences on the spatial patterns in different ecosystems. Categorical analysis of neo- and paleo-endemism (CANAPE) indicated that most endemism centers are not covered by current nature reserves. Moreover, the intensity of human activity is highest in the southern and southeastern HDM, which coincides with the distribution patterns of diversity, mixed-endemism and high-priority (and threatened) species. These findings suggest that different floras within a single geographic/floristic region respond differently to environmental factors and show different spatial phylogenetic patterns. We, therefore, recommend that future research into the drivers of biodiversity consider the contributions of various ecosystem types within a single geological region. This study also provides a theoretical basis for protecting habitat diversity. Our work confirms that current conservation efforts are insufficient to protect ecosystem diversity in the river valley and subnival ecosystems of the Hengduan Mountains. Therefore, we recommend the establishment of nature reserves in the regions identified in this study; furthermore, we strongly recommend improving current and establishing new management policies for biodiversity conservation in this region.

On January 1, 2021, the Rector by his order created a separate structural unit within IFNTUOG – Center of forecasting and prevention of technogenic and hydroecological danger in Prykarpattia. In recent years, two catastrophic floods occurred in the Carpathian region and in Podillia: one – on July 23-28, 2008, and the other one – on June 20-24, 2020. Both caused enormous damage to the environment and the population, as it was widely reported in the media. To be prepared for natural disasters, it is necessary to learn how to predict them, i.e. know the territory in which they appear, water rise height and when it may happen. From this triad, the first two components can already be predicted, but the third one cannot be predicted yet. The article deals with the possibility of temporal prediction that was confirmed during the flood on June 20-24, 2020. O. M. Adamenko and D. O. Zorin developed the graphs of global climate change over the period of the Earth’s history from its birth 4.567 billion years ago to the present. It turned out that the warm and cold periods alternated periodically, starting from the Galactic Year (225-250 million years), of which there were 19, to the current 11 summer cycles of Solar activity. A total of 13 orders of cycles were identified, which interfere in the form of sinusoids, determining the periodicity of geological events. Geotectonic epochs of the 2nd order (50-70 million years) overlap with the cyclicity of the 1st order – galactic years – these are Karelian, Baikal, Caledonian, Hercynian, Pacific and Alpine tectonic-magmatic epochs, which are divided into subepochs of the 3rd (30-40 million years) and 4th (10- 15 million) orders. The following cycles – 5 (3-5 million years), 6 (150-140 thousand years) and 7 (10-20 thousand years) are associated with a large Cenozoic cooling, which ended with the Quaternary glaciation. Cycles 8 (1-4 thousand years) and 9 (500-600 years) reflect changes in warming and cooling in the quarter. And then the analysis of events was reconstructed on the basis of archaeological and chronicle data: from the beginning of our era to the twelfth century the warming of the ninth cycle continued – a small climatic optimum and a small ice age (13th –17th centuries). Modern warming began in the 19th century with clear 33-year fluctuations of the 10th cycle. Beginning in 1881, instrumental observations appeared at meteorological stations and hydro posts. Cycles 11 (20-15-11 years), 12 (5-6 years) and 13 (3-4 years) appeared. Against the background of 33 annual fluctuations in the global climate, 11 annual cycles and catastrophic floods of 1911, 1927, 1941, 1955, 1969, 1980, 1988, 2002, 2008 appeared, and the catastrophic flood of 2020 was predicted by O. M. Adamenko and D.O. Zorin. Thus, it is possible to learn to predict the time of the next catastrophic flood

The study covered an urban river valley, strongly transformed due to the transport infrastructure development. The paper evaluates changes in spatial management of the valley section passing through the city centre that occurred during the past two centuries (long-term and short-term phenomena) as well as their effect on selected environmental components. The basic spatial analyses were carried out with the use of specialized software, cartographic materials and photographic and descriptive documentation of the studied area (archival data). The most unfavourable changes in the potential of the valley environment occurred over the past few decades. They are manifested in a considerable deterioration of landscape values as well as the quantity and quality of water resources. Relationship was identified between water quality and intensity of motor vehicle traffic near the river. Despite the progressing urbanisation of the valley, revitalisation procedures can be still carried out and attractive space in the city centre can be created. In order to demonstrate the reasonableness of the presented concept, the paper suggests that urban succession should be incorporated as a term covering time trends and accumulated transformations. It can be helpful in analysing and determining the directions of development in disputable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large river valleys (LRVs) are heterogeneous in habitat and rich in biodiversity, but they are largely overlooked in policies that prioritize conservation. Here, we aimed to identify plant diversity hotspots along LRVs based on species richness and spatial phylogenetics, evaluate current conservation effectiveness, determine gaps in the conservation networks, and offer suggestions for prioritizing conservation. We divided the study region into 50 km × 50 km grid cells and determined the distribution patterns of seed plants by studying 124,927 occurrence points belonging to 14,481 species, using different algorithms. We generated phylogenies for the plants using the "V. PhyloMaker" R package, determined spatial phylogenetics, and conducted correlation analyses between different distribution patterns and spatial phylogenetics. We evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation practices and discovered gaps of hotspots within the conservation networks. In the process, we identified 36 grid cells as hotspots (covering 10% of the total area) that contained 83.4% of the species. Fifty‐eight percent of the hotspot area falls under the protection of national nature reserves (NNRs) and 83% falls under national and provincial nature reserves (NRs), with 42% of the area identified as conservation gaps of NNRs and 17% of the area as gaps of NRs. The hotspots contained high proportions of endemic and threatened species, as did conservation gaps. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the layout of current conservation networks, establish micro‐nature reserves, conduct targeted conservation priority planning focused on specific plant groups, and promote conservation awareness. Our results show that the conservation of three hotspots in Southwest China, in particular, is likely to positively affect the protection of biodiversity in the LRVs, especially with the participation of the neighboring countries, India, Myanmar, and Laos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a basic project, pile foundations directly determine the stability and service life of bridge structure. Based on the construction of bridge pile foundations in the artificial fill area in Yubei District, Chongqing, taking the Shuangqiao Road road project as an example, combined with the concepts of safety, applicability and economy of pile foundation construction, the hole formation, hole collapse treatment measures and technological methods of pile foundation under the geological condition of loose artificial filling soil were discussed. The paper expounds the treatment methods of rotary drilling and hole collapse in the construction of concrete cast -in -place piles on Shuangqiao Road, which provide a reference for the construction of similar projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Large river valleys (LRVs) are heterogeneous in habitat and rich in biodiversity, but they are largely overlooked in policies that prioritize conservation. Here, we aimed to identify plant diversity hotspots along LRVs based on species richness and spatial phylogenetics, evaluate current conservation effectiveness, determine gaps in the conservation networks, and offer suggestions for prioritizing conservation. We divided the study region into 50 km × 50 km grid cells and determined the distribution patterns of seed plants by studying 124,927 occurrence points belonging to 14,481 species, using different algorithms. We generated phylogenies for the plants using the “V. PhyloMaker” R package, determined spatial phylogenetics, and conducted correlation analyses between different distribution patterns and spatial phylogenetics. We evaluated the effectiveness of current conservation practices and discovered gaps of hotspots within the conservation networks. In the process, we identified 36 grid cells as hotspots (covering 10% of the total area) that contained 83.4% of the species. Fifty‐eight percent of the hotspot area falls under the protection of national nature reserves (NNRs) and 83% falls under national and provincial nature reserves (NRs), with 42% of the area identified as conservation gaps of NNRs and 17% of the area as gaps of NRs. The hotspots contained high proportions of endemic and threatened species, as did conservation gaps. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the layout of current conservation networks, establish micro‐nature reserves, conduct targeted conservation priority planning focused on specific plant groups, and promote conservation awareness. Our results show that the conservation of three hotspots in Southwest China, in particular, is likely to positively affect the protection of biodiversity in the LRVs, especially with the participation of the neighboring countries, India, Myanmar, and Laos.

A major part of Poland, classified geographically as Polish Lowland, is covered by a layer of loose or cohesive sediments whose thickness increases toward the north. Numerous authors emphasize the impact of the protrusion of the erosional base level on the course of processes shaping modern river valleys. It has been demonstrated, among other things, that the culmination of the sub-alluvial, cohesive bedrock determines the manner in which the channel zone and the adjacent floodplain are formed, which is associated with the hydrological system of the river. A number (12) of geological documenting holes have been drilled to the bottom of the valley. Also, geological profiles were recorded for 34 natural outcrops. The range of the individual outcrops was determined using a geomorphological analysis based on, among other things, the data from airborne laser scanning. The main objective of the research based on geomorphological criteria was to identify the differences in valley morphology and geological structure as well as the dynamics of currently occurring fluvial processes, along with geological features influencing their development, in particular in the middle course of a river. The research allowed the distinction of three geologically and geomorphologically characteristic sections. This allowed an answer to the question: why is the river in the lowland similar to a mountain stream.

The influence of morphodynamics of individual river valley zones on the anthropogenically induced distribution of heavy metals in the Małopolska Gorge of the Vistula River near Kępa Gostecka was studied. Based on the analysis of cartographic and geological mapping data, several floodplain features were distinguished. For each feature, lithological analysis of the deposits was carried out. It comprised determination of clay content, organic matter, carbonates and iron oxides and hydroxides, as well as analysis of heavy metal concentration. The investigations show that the concentration of heavy metals in floodplain surface deposits is strictly linked with the variability of depositional environments, which reflected in the intricate feature pattern. The highest contents of heavy metals have been found in the deposits of the contemporary floodplain, stagnation zones of floodwaters, oxbow lakes buried under floodplain or organic deposits and escarpment foot back swamps, while the lowest in deposits of the Pleistocene terrace and slope wash zones. Variability of floodwater dynamics modelling the floodplain surface is associated with the specific geological setting of the Vistula River valley stretch analysed.

Based on the results of palynological, sedimentological, radiocarbon and OSL studies, the changes that occurred during the Late Glacial and Holocene with landscapes of the territory of the Sporovsky Reserve were defined. Using archaeological research methods, it was found that the active use of the region’s landscapes by human has taken place since the Neolithic.

In the 2017-2018 mushrooming seasons at the (Bohemian-Moravian Highlands near Dolní­ Roží­nka) a total of 505 mushrooms belonging to 9 species were collected, and analyzed by gamma spectrometry for 137Cs activity. The maximum 137Cs activity of 575 Bq.kg-1 was detected in Boletus edulis species, what in native state, is just below the allowed limit. In contrast, in mushroom Imleria badia, which is reported to be associated with the highest cumulative capability from all fungi species, detected activity level was only 316 Bq. kg-1. However, differences in mean contamination values were not significant due to high variability. It was shown, that activity concentration is not dependent on the weight (size) of Imleria badia. Our results also confirmed generally well known lower 137Cs activity in the Russula species representatives belonging to the group of gills or lamella bearing mushrooms.

The paper presents changes in the lithology of the deposits of floodplain of the Mrożyca River valley in the city of Brzeziny (Wzniesienia Łódzkie) and changes in the morphology of its surface over the last 1000 years. The research was carried out in the area of the archaeological site and its surrounding. Traces of late-medieval and early-modern urban buildings and roads are documented. The analyzed part of the settlement was abandoned as a result of excessive wetting and flooding of this area in the 17th century. Then this part of floodplain was transformed into a wetland, turned next into an urban wasteland in 20th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River valleys are considered natural corridors for migration of plant species; however, there is a lack of studies confirming higher colonisation rates of plant species in these areas. We compare plant species richness between ancient and recent forests (developed during and after the nineteenth century) and those located in a river valley with those located outside the river valley. We hypothesise that, close to a river, higher plant species richness will be associated with recent forests, thus indicating a higher colonisation rate. The study area includes parts of the Elbe River Valley and a landscape outside the river valley in the Czech Republic. We sampled an equal number of recent and ancient forests (20/20), but lying at different distances from the river. We used generalised linear models to test the effect of distance from the river in dependence upon forest continuity (recent/ancient forest) on two plant species richness categories, i.e. richness of forest species and overall species richness. Outside the river valley, higher richness of forest species was associated with ancient forests, whereas overall species richness was comparable. In the river valley, richness of forest species as well as overall species richness was higher in the recent forests. Recent forests in the river valley were more saturated by plant species than those outside the river valley, indicating that in the river valley, the colonisation rate of plant species is higher. These results confirm the importance of river valleys as natural corridors for migration of plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Santok played a strategic socio‐political role in the Early Middle Ages. It is situated at the confluence of two large rivers (Warta and Noteć) on the boundary of historical regions in north‐western Poland. The stronghold in Santok is located on a sandy elevated floodplain with frequent floods in the immediate vicinity of the morainic plateau. The geological and engineering conditions within the stronghold were complex, making it a very difficult area for construction. The oldest settlement in Santok was established in the 8th century AD as a seasonal exchange point. By the 10th century, a well‐fortified fortress was built as a strategic centre at the border of the first Polish state. Santok's stronghold was maintained for over 600 years, during which the community benefited from its wetland location and useful waterways connecting local and distant territories. The extended use of one location in Santok allowed for investigation of the anthropogenic and natural environmental changes throughout a long time period. Given its past significance, this area has become a key geoarchaeological site to understand human–environment interactions of the western Slavs in the Early Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst modernity and associated natural resources extraction has altered, often permanently, natural systems, we explore a river valley that has been radically altered during industrialization. We investigate how community emplacement functions. It is an emerging spatial understanding of severed, preserved and reconnected belongings to a place (in this case, a river system. This case study concentrates on the Kokemäenjoki River in Finland. We argue that the lifework of our co-researcher, fisherman Kalevi Veko, provides evidence of the persistence of traditional knowledge and livelihoods. Hydropower is a central element of displacement and represents spatial nodes of modernity. Weather change was observed by Veko early on. Yet hydropower was seen as a solution to produce climate-friendly energy in the river system, ignoring traditional knowledge. Continued fish harvests are investigated to demonstrate a range of qualities and adaptations to the alterations. Secondly we explore Veko's role in the restoration of asp population to the altered river. This constitutes an endemic act of emplacement. This rests on tensions between preserved fisheries and the impact of hydropower development. Traditional skills do not necessarily disappear during industrial modernization. Instead, in certain encouraging conditions, they can re-emerge and pave routes to endemic futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban river valleys are so important with regard to their benefits and functions, including air temperate, microclimate creating, landscape, fresh water supplement. Urban development over considering environmental issues, population density, constructions, solid waste or effluent discharging, especially in quantitative and qualitative river boundaries and land taking of their beds, are significant reasons to decline cities functions and ecosystems degradation. So, natural ecosystems should be restored and a thorough strategic planning is necessary for their conservations. METHODS: With regards to managerial aspects involving ecological, spatial, economic, socio-cultural, and managerial- executive dimensions integrated management model has been recommended for Farahzad River Valley in Tehran city as a case study via Urban River Survey and Geographic Information System. Finally, effective and efficient strategically management plan was suggested by implementing SWOT, QSPM and Analytical Hierarchy Process. FINDINGS: Amongst 12 identified strategies regulation settings, "correlation between green space and the surrounding park", and "preventing the increase of residential" and "the expansion of recreation" are prioritized as most significant strategies, scores have been calculated 5.616, 5.589, and 5.375 on QSPM matrix or 0.256, 0.192, and 0.133 by AHP method, respectively. CONCLUSION: in overall, systemically multi dimensional and holistic decision of river valleys environmental management is a magnificent example that provides essential tools to urban planners. Environmental and ecological approaches of the model are counted as a main key of succession to sustainable development achievement and its advantage to other past studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to identify the morphological changes in Gendol river, Merapi volcano. After the eruption 2010, Gendol river filled up by pyroclastic materials, then utilized as mining area. As the volcanic materials are abundance in Gendol river, sand mining activities are dominant, causing antrophogenic interferences that changes the morphology of Gendol valley. In this study, the morphological changes is measured by terrestrial survey, aerial mapping, and materials analysis through petrographic and granulometric analysis. Aerial mapping was conducted in February and August 2019 in order to identify the dynamic changes during 6 months observation. Vertical changes is found in the active mining zone, in western-side of research area, while horizontal changes was found in eastern-side. The comparison of widening and narrowing valley is 13:1 due to horizontal changes. Result of petrographic analysis showes that three different sampling locations originated from similar provenance, which is undissected arc provenance but may differ in period of sedimentation. Grain material found in research are categorized as suitable material for mining with the 0,733 mm grain size. However, the mining activities should be aware of material availability to minimize the riverbank failure.

The environmental and landscape values of the Kraska River Valley as the typical example of small lowland water flow path were analysed. The WULS-SGGW method, allowing to the estimation of whole valley reach as well as its peculiar eco-morphological zones, was used. The unregulated, regulated in the years 1990– –2012 and continuously maintained from the year 2015 reaches are present in the valley. It was stated that the unregulated reaches characterise themselves by higher environmental values and biological diversity, especially in the case of invertebrate fauna. The invertebrates, as the key element of the river community, quickly rebuild their structure after the termination of maintenance works. The vertebrate fauna, even unconnected strictly with the riverbed, shows higher values on the unmaintained valley reaches.

This article reports on the first find of a relic of the Cretaceous period on the territory of the West Kazakhstan region, where today the mycobiota has been little studied. As a result of studying the species composition of macromycetes in the forest communities of the Ural River valley, a new habitat of the Cretaceous relic was discovered, a unique species common in arid regions around the world, also on sands in a temperate climate Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. Distribution area of Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. occupies the steppe and desert zones of Eurasia. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the area of Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. includes the eastern and southern regions, and there were also finds along the river. Ili, Chu, Charyn, Syrdaria, in the lower reaches of the Ittas river. Currently, due to the anthropogenic factor, which poses a very high threat to nature, environmental protection and conservation of biodiversity is one of the main tasks. Conservation and identification of habitats of rare, relict and endangered species is the most important and responsible part of the conservation of biological diversity. Based on our research, for the first time in November 2020, on the border of the steppe and desert zones within the West Kazakhstan region in forest communities in the lower reaches of the Ural River, in the central floodplain along inter ridge depressions in a small-leaved black poplar (Populus nigra L.) forest in combination with white poplar (Populus alba L), elm (Ulmus laevis Pall) and willow (Salix alba L.) groves revealed a new habitat of the humus saprotroph Battarrea phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. The article shows the macro- and micromorphometric characteristics of the find, its location and natural complexes in the habitat of the species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the results of palynological, sedimentological, radiocarbon and OSL studies, the changes that occurred during the Late Glacial and Holocene with landscapes of the territory of the Sporovsky Reserve were defined. Using archaeological research methods, it was found that the active use of the region's landscapes by human has taken place since the Neolithic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dissertations of Cultural Landscape Commission / Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego is the property of Polish Geographical Society (Cultural Landscape Commission) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dissertations of Cultural Landscape Commission / Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego is the property of Polish Geographical Society (Cultural Landscape Commission) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to protect the ecological environment of the Qilian Mountains and utilize the vegetation resources along the river, the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of NDVI in the main growing valleys of the southern slope of Qilian Mountains on the vegetation growing season from 2000 to 2018 based on the NDVI products and DEM datasets of MODIS data, and extracts the main topographic factors of the study area was analyzed. The results were as followes: With the increasing distance of buffers on both sides of the river, the NDVI values of each year showed increase first and then level off and then decreased. The trend of NDVI was basically same and the peak of the past 20 years appeared in 2010 in the study area from 2000 to 2018. The NDVI value of the river valley increased from the slope(16°-25°)to the steep slope(41°-45°)in the southern slope of the Qilian Mountains, indicating that the interval is the NDVI value mutation interval. The spatial and temporal distribution of NDVI may be affected by natural factors such as topography, temperature and precipitation, which were less affected by human disturbance factors, and the precipitation did not affect the NDVI distribution, and temperature may be the dominant factor affecting the distribution of NDVI in the valleys of the southern slope of Qilian Mountains from 2000 to 2018. Among the topographic factors, there was a specific slope interval that suitable vegetation growth, and the increase of solar radiation energy is beneficial to the growth of vegetation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication contains data on geophysical measurements taken in the Szuszalewo wetlands located in northern Poland. The measurements were made using the electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) method. The ERI data was collected during two survey expeditions - March 30th, 31st (two ERI profiles), April 1st (one ERI profile), and May 12th (two prospection lines) 2023. The reason goal was to illustrate the arrangement of geological layers creating this wetland. The data repository contains detailed data descriptions for each survey site. This Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) data from the selected survey sites can be used to perform numerical modeling of groundwater and surface water interaction in this environmentally valuable area, which is, to a certain extent a scientific terra incognita, hydrogeological investigation of hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic field, identify geological structure, and characterize engineering properties of the organic soils., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

The aim of this study was to present the use of the natural elements of the relief of river valleys such as changes in the width of the valley bottom, landforms occurring in the bottom of the valley, differences in height of the valley terraces as favourable for the location of the dam partitioning the bottom of the valley and creating a water reservoir for the requirements of historic metallurgical centres. The research was carried out based on DEM analysis from LiDAR data. Features were chosen in river basins with a rich metallurgical legacy. Analysis of the location of the former ironworks was carried out using Surfer 12 software. Five centres were selected due to the fact that only these are the only centres suitable for research which have survived to this day. Using the shaded relief models and contour coloured maps absolute differences in height between valley levels and other forms of relief occurring in the valley were analyzed, as well as the distribution of individual terrain forms in the designated part of the valley and changes in the width of the valley bottom were analysed in the context of the location of former metallurgical centres. On the basis of the contours of the former water reservoir visible in the valley relief, and using a surface area measurement tool (Surfer software), the range of the area that the reservoir could cover was measured. On the basis of the results obtained, it can be seen that convenient geomorphological conditions were used for the placement of selected weirs and metallurgical ponds which facilitated the damming of the valley. Natural narrowing of the valley bottom, or dunes and hills directly adjacent to the valley floor, were utilised during the construction of the dam. The rivers on which the furnace ponds were constructed are relatively small watercourses, so the weirs created by the constructors are not impressive. Their height is generally in the range of about 2 to 3 metres and their length is from about 120 to 300 metres. Nevertheless, they were effective in allowing sufficient water retention and the creation of furnace ponds with a measured area of about 4.5 ha to about 25 ha.

North American invasions of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. (Russian olive) are still expanding, and hydrochory could be increasing invasion impacts along rivers. Spatial association between riverine flood-inundation patterns and E. angustifolia distributions suggests a link between seed movement potential and invasion patterns in time and space. Using output from hydraulic inundation models, we mapped inundation zones associated with successive flood return intervals within 10.81 km2 of the estimated 500-year floodplain of the Yellowstone River, Montana, USA. We then evaluated spatial relationships among inundation zones and E. angustifolia distribution. Elaeagnus angustifolia was highly spatially associated with frequent flood return intervals: 80% of E. angustifolia exists within a subset of the floodplain predicted to flood every 10 years or less, with the highest occupancy in the 1.5- to 5-year return zones. Within frequently inundated areas, floodplain occupancy of E. angustifolia was distributed in patterns consistent with likely areas of sediment deposition. Thus, existing predictions of invasion timelines are likely to improve with explicit consideration of dispersal opportunities associated with hydrochory during flooding. In particular, if hydrochory is a significant secondary dispersal mechanism, then seed immigration at flood intervals of 5 years or less could lead to substantially shorter invasion lags than currently predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative assessment of the amount of renewable resources allows their evaluation, valorization and protection in terms of the possibility of their environmental management under climate change conditions. The aim of the study was to determine the amount of renewable resources in the Middle Vistula valley, in the region of the Kampinos National Park, central Poland. The amount of renewable resources was calculated on a hydrodynamical model for three variants, as the average, the lowest and the highest infiltration recharge rate for a specified period of 1999–2013. The modelling research was conducted in a strongly differentiated hydrogeological valley unit, in which several geomorphological units could be delineated: the floodplain, over-flood terraces and the plain area. The hydrodynamic modelling results were verified by comparing the obtained data with both the amount of drainage in the valley zone and the underground streamflow. The assessment of renewable groundwater resources in three distinctive variants was the basis for calculating the groundwater footprints, defined as a quantitative assessment of the groundwater use in climate change conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

River valley terrain can lead to local amplification effects of site seismic responses and significant spatial variation of strong ground motions. This paper presented a semi-analytical solution for the scattering of incident plane P-waves by a saturated river valley with arbitrary shapes containing water, using the moment method and the wave function expansion method. The influence of factors such as valley geometry shapes, soil porosity, wave incident angle and frequency on the seismic response of valley topography is further investigated. Parameter analysis shows that these factors have a significant impact on the site seismic response. Soil porosity has a greater impact on the horizontal response of the site than on the vertical response. Moreover, the soil porosity is directly related to the amplitude of the pore pressure, while the incidence angle and frequency of the incident wave determine the distribution position of the pore pressure amplitude. This semi-analytical solution can be seen as an attempt to solve the scattering problem of incident P wave by saturated river valleys of arbitrary shapes containing water. The purpose of this paper is to provide a reference and a possible way for subsequent scholars to study the analytical solution to this problem. The conclusions drawn from the parameter analysis in this paper can also serve as a theoretical basis for seismic fortification in saturated valley areas. • Semi-analytical model for plane P waves scattering by saturated river valley with arbitrary shapes containing water. • Moment method is applied to obtain the semi-analytical solution to system response. • Influence of the water, medium porosity, and incident wave on ground surface displacement is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive understanding of the deposit morphodynamics of debris flows in river valleys is crucial for disaster prevention and mitigation in mountainous areas. However, debris flows in river valleys are complex and variable, and the influence of the composition and terrain on deposit mechanisms and morphology remains unclear. In this study, a series of laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the impact of the water content, slope, and grain size distribution on the deposit morphology of debris flows in river valleys. In the experiments, debris flows form narrow and elongated shuttle-shaped deposits upon entering river valleys. Increased water content and slope enhance the mobility of debris flows, resulting in wider deposit widths, gentler deposit slopes, and larger deposit areas. An increase in the gravel fraction partially facilitates the movement and deposition of debris flows. However, a large number of coarse particles may increase internal friction within the debris flow, hindering the spread of deposits and resulting in a relatively concentrated deposit with a steeper morphology. Furthermore, the debris flow regime shifts from friction to collision as the water content, slope, and gravel fraction increase. Debris flows dominated by collision forces exhibit higher mobility and a wider impact area, potentially leading to more severe disaster consequences. Compared with unconfined debris flows, the deposit area of debris flows in the river valley is smaller, and the deposit width to height ratio is larger. There is a power function relationship between deposition area and Savage number in river valleys. Additionally, particle sorting and flow regime transformation during the movement and deposition of debris flows can significantly impact the morphology and internal structure of the deposits in river valleys and then affect the development of debris flow dam breaching. In summary, this study utilized experiments to simulate natural debris flows, offering fresh insights into the depositional behavior of debris flows in river valleys. • Debris flows tends to create narrow and elongated shuttle-shaped deposits upon entering river valleys. • Water content, slope and grain size distribution strongly influence movement and deposition behavior of debris flow. • Collision-dominated debris flows lead to more severe disaster consequences. • Particle sorting and flow regime transformation significantly impact deposition characteristics of debris flow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]