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The paper provides data on morphology, ecology, differentiation and distribution of the crustose, epiphytic and epixylic lichen Rinodina sibirica in Eurasia. An anatomical and morphological description of R. sibirica is provided based on 138 specimens studied. Based on these records, we show that the distribution of the species from the Russian Far East is ranging from the Kamchatka Peninsula to the Mongolian border in the south and the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Tyumen Region in the west. Current data suggest that R. sibirica is an American-Asian species with a wide Amphiberingian range, only slightly extending to Europe in the Ural Mts.

Seven genera new to science, i.e.: Helmutiopsis, Huriopsis, Johnsheardia, Klauskalbia, Kudratovia, Kurokawia and Poeltonia of the Physciaceae are proposed for the ‘Rinodina’ atrocinerea, the ‘Rinodina’ xanthophaea, the ‘Rinodina’ cinnamomea, the ‘Heterodermia’ obscurata, the ‘Rinodina’ straussii, the ‘Anaptychia’ isidiata and the ‘Physconia’ grisea groups consequently that all form strongly supported monophyletic branches in a phylogeny analysis based on a combined matrix of nrITS and mtSSU sequences. Phylogenetic positions of species belonging to the genera Kashiwadia s. l., Leucodermia, Mischoblastia,Oxnerella, Phaeorrhiza s. l., Polyblastidium and Rinodinella s. l. are discussed. Oxnerella afghanica which for the first time recorded as parasitic lichen species from both epiphytic and saxicolous crustose lichens is designated as type species for the genus Oxnerella. Sequences of the recently described Physcia orientostellaris as well as Huriopsis xanthophaea and additional sequences of Kashiwadia aff. orientalis and Mischoblastia aff. oxydata are submitted to the GenBank. The positions of Polyblastidium casaterrinum from Costa Rica, ‘Rinodina’ efflorescens from Białowieża, Poland, and ‘Mischoblastia’ confragosula from Cambodia in the Physciaceae are confirmed in a phylogeny analysis based on the nrITS sequences. The presence of ‘extraneous mycobiont DNA’ in lichen associations is exemplified with earlier incorrect identifications of Heterodermia, Kashiwadia, Kurokawia,Oxnerella and Poeltonia specimens. Fifty-six new combinations are presented: Helmutiopsis alba (for Rinodina alba Metzler ex Arn.), Helmutiopsis aspersa (for Lecanora aspersa Borrer), Helmutiopsis atrocinerea (for Parmelia atrocinerea Fr.), Huriopsis chrysidiata (for Rinodina chrysidiata Sheard), Huriopsis chrysomelaena (for Rinodina chrysomelaena Tuck.), Huriopsis lepida (for Lecanora lepida Nyl.), Huriopsis luteonigra (for Rinodina luteonigra Zahlbr.), Huriopsis plana (for Rinodina plana H. Magn.), Huriopsis thiomela (for Lecanora thiomela Nyl.), Huriopsis xanthomelana (for Rinodina xanthomelana Müll. Arg.), Huriopsis xanthophaea (for Lecanora xanthophaea Nyl.), Johnsheardia cinnamomea (for Rinodina mniaroea var. cinnamomea Th. Fr.), Johnsheardia herteliana (for Rinodina herteliana Kaschik), Johnsheardia jamesii (for Rinodina jamesii H. Mayrhofer), Johnsheardia reagens (for Rinodina reagens Matzer et H. Mayrhofer), Johnsheardia zwackhiana (for Lecanora zwackhiana Kremp.), Kashiwadia austrostellaris (for Physcia austrostellaris Elix), Kashiwadia jackii (for Physcia jackii Moberg), Kashiwadia littoralis for Physcia littoralis Elix), Kashiwadia nubila (for Physcia nubila Moberg), and Kashiwadia tropica (for Physcia tropica Elix), Klauskalbia crocea (for Heterodermia crocea R. C. Harris), Klauskalbia flabellata (for Parmelia flabellata Fée), Klauskalbia obscurata (for Physcia speciosa (Wulfen) Nyl. *obscurata Nyl.), Klauskalbia paradoxa (for Heterodermia paradoxa Schumm et Schäfer-Verwimp), Kudratovia bohlinii (for Rinodina bohlinii H. Magn.), Kudratovia candidogrisea (for Rinodina candidogrisea Hafellner, Muggia et Obermayer), Kudratovia luridata (for Buellia luridata Körb.), Kudratovia metaboliza (for Rinodina metaboliza Vain.), Kudratovia pycnocarpa (for Rinodina pycnocarpa H. Magn.), Kudratovia roscida (for Lecanora roscida Sommerf.), Kudratovia straussii (for Rinodina straussii J. Steiner), Kudratovia terrestris (for Rinodina terrestris Tomin), Kurokawia bryorum (for Anaptychia bryorum Poelt), Kurokawia isidiata (for Anaptychia isidiata Tomin), Kurokawia mereschkowskii (for Physcia mereschkowskii Tomin), Kurokawia palmulata (for Psoroma palmulatum Michx.), Kurokawia runcinata (for Lichen runcinatus With.), Kurokawia stippea (for Parmelia aquila var. stippea Ach.), Lecania safavidiorum (for Oxnerella safavidiorum S. Y. Kondr., Zarei-Darki, Lőkös et Hur), Leucodermia erinacea (for Lichen erinaceus Ach.), Mischoblastia confragosula (for Lecanora confragosula Nyl.), Mischoblastia destituta (for Lecidea destituta Nyl.), Mischoblastia moziana (for Lecanora moziana Nyl.), Mischoblastia moziana subsp. parasitica (comb. et stat. nova for Rinodina moziana var. parasitica Kaschik et H. Mayrhofer), Mischoblastia ramboldii (for Rinodina ramboldii Kaschik), Mischoblastia vezdae (for Rinodina vezdae H. Mayrhofer), Oxnerella afghanica (for Rinodina afghanica M. Steiner et Poelt), Oxnerella castanomelodes (for Rinodina castanomelodes H. Mayrhofer et Poelt), Physciella nigricans (for Lecanora nigricans Flörke), Poeltonia elegantula (for Physconia elegantula Essl.), Poeltonia grisea (for Lichen griseus Lam.), Poeltonia isidiomuscigena (for Physconia isidiomuscigena Essl.), Poeltonia perisidiosa (for Physcia perisidiosa Erichsen), Poeltonia venusta (for Parmelia venusta Ach.), and Polyblastidium albicans (for Parmelia albicans Pers.) are proposed.

Rinodina jacutica Galanina & Konoreva sp. nov. Mycobank no: 841873 (Figs 1A–C) Thallus thin to thick, areoles at first discrete, becoming confluent, light gray with a slight yellowish tinge. Apothecia quickly become narrowly attached. Vegetative propagules absent. Ascospores Dirinaria - type, (16.5–) 18.0–20.0 (– 23.0) × (7.5–) 8.5–10.0 (–11.5) μm, lumina Physcia- like, spores lightly pigmented at maturity, most mature spores inflated at septum, more so on application of KOH; torus absent; walls lightly ornamented. Secondary metabolite atranorin by TLC. Type:— RUSSIA, Republic of Sakha, Oymyakonskiy District, near Ust-Nera, right bank of Ambar-Yuryuete, Larix gmelinii - Sphagnum -lichen forest, 64°30′31.6″N, 143°16′56.8″E, 1179 m a. s. l., 7 July 2016, L. A . Konoreva 75 (holotype LE 15578!, isotype VLA L –2928!). Thallus thin in young parts to thick (0.4 mm) in old parts, light gray with a slight yellowish tinge, areolate, margin of scattered areoles. Areoles 0.2–0.5 mm wide, at first discrete, margins even or dissected and sublobate, then confluent, surface, matt, slightly convex. Prothallus black, well developed, clearly visible between areoles in young parts of the thallus (Fig. 1A). Vegetative propagules absent. Apothecia numerous, broadly attached when young but quickly become narrowly attached, scattered when young and densely contiguous in older parts of the thallus, 0.9–1.0 (–1.5) mm diameter (n = 30); disc black, at first plane, becoming slightly convex; thalline margin concolorous with thallus, mostly continuous but sometimes with a crenulate (beaded) appearance, to 0.1 mm wide, persistent, excipular ring absent. Сortex of apothecia to 20–30 μm wide with a slight yellowish tinge, not expanded below, epinecral layer absent, algal cells to 8.5–12 μm long. Proper exciple hyaline, 15 μm wide, expanding to 20 μm at surface, pigmented the same colour as epihymenium; hypothecium hyaline, 30–90 μm high; hymenium 80–150 μm high, paraphyses 1.5– 2.0 μm wide, not conglutinate, apices to 5.5–6.0 μm wide, forming a dark brown epihymenium, pigment arnoldiana - brown. Ascospores 8 per ascus, type A development, Dirinaria - type (Fig. 1: B, C; 2: A, B), (17.0–) 18.3–20.4 (–23.0) × (7.8–) 8.4–9.5 (–11.0) μm (n = 60), torus lacking, septal disc sometimes present (Figs. 1C, 2B 4), walls lightly ornamented. Chemistry: cortex K+ yellow, P+yellow (atranorin confirmed by TLC on 3 July 2021 by Paukov; and on 19 January 2022 by Konoreva). Etymology: The species is named after the site of its discovery, Yakutia, the cold pole of the northern hemisphere. Ecology: On stones in coniferous moss-lichen larch forest of the Ambar-Yuryuete river valley. Notes: The species was found in the Oymyakonsky Region, located in the eastern part of the Republic of Sakha (previously Yakutia) on the border with the Magadan Region and the Khabarovsk Territory. The Tas-Kystabyt Ridge (highest point 2341 m) is located within this region. The climate of the Oymyakonsky Region is very continental, the annual temperature range spans 100 °C (minimum -65 °C, maximum 35 °C). The region is extremely dry, the annual precipitation being around 200 mm. The region is in an area of continuous permafrost (Danilova, 2005). Larch woodlands occur at altitudes of 600(–800) m to 1200(–1600) m above sea level. At higher altitudes larch forests are replaced by thickets of dwarf pine, and mountain tundras are located at the highest elevations (Karavaev & Dobretsova, 1964; Danilova, 2005). Additional specimen examined (paratype). RUSSIA, Republic of Sakha, Oymyakonskiy District, near Ust-Nera, right bank of Ambar-Yuryuete, Larix gmelinii - Sphagnum -lichen forest, 64°30′31.6″N, 143°16′56.8″E, 1179 m a. s. l., 7 July 2016, L. A . Konoreva 65 (paratype LE 15579!)., Published as part of Galanina, Irina A., Sheard, John W. & Konoreva, Liudmila A., 2022, A new saxicolous species, Rinodina jacutica (Physciaceae, lichenized Ascomycota) from the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), Russia, pp. 121-126 in Phytotaxa 564 (1) on pages 122-124, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.564.1.10, http://zenodo.org/record/7077729, {"references":["Danilova, N. S. (ed.) (2005) Diversity of the flora of Yakutia. Publishing house of SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 328 pp. [In Russian]","Karavaev, M. N. & Dobretsova, L. A. (1964) A brief sketch of the vegetation of the river valley Nera in its lower reaches (basin of the upper Indigirka). Botanicheskii Zhurnal 49 (11): 1544 - 1559. [In Russian]"]}

The inventory of lichens, allied fungi, and their parasites in the Ottawa region has grown from 391 in 1988 to 543 today, almost entirely because of the discovery of species overlooked in previous years and the inclusion of fungal parasites. In addition, almost 140 names have changed with reclassifications and re-identifications. These changes are presented here together with a list of synonyms updating the 1988 list. Vouchers are cited for all new records, and notes are presented for many species neither described nor keyed out in easily accessible literature. Reference is made to the new, complete list of lichens and lichenicolous fungi available online. The new checklist includes one species new for North America (Tremella christiansenii); five species and one variety new for Canada (Caloplaca parvula, Caloplaca reptans, Cladonia petrophila, Enchylium tenax var. ceranoides, Leprocaulon adhaerens, and Merismatium peregrinum); four new for Ontario (Caloplaca reptans, Kiliasia tristis, Lempholemma chalazanum, and Rinodina fimbriata); and nine new for Quebec (Arthonia helvola, Arthonia hypobela, Caloplaca parvula, Cladonia petrophila, Lempholemma chalazanum, Leprocaulon adhaerens, Merismatium peregrinum, Rimularia badioatra, and Tremella christiansenii). Although the climate of the region is warming, especially with higher minimum temperatures in winter, the lichen biota has not increased as a result but, in fact, may be threatened by the effects of climate change on the health of the forests and the trees that support lichens. Air quality has improved in recent decades, allowing numerous lichens to again become established in urban areas. Local areas of especially rich lichen diversity can be found on both the Ontario and Quebec sides of the region, and some of these “hot-spots” are mentioned. Other factors influencing the decrease or increase of lichen cover are also discussed.

The lichen genus Rinodina in the Magadan Region is revised on the basis of extensive collections by the authors in 2011–2015. Fifteen species have been recorded, of which Rinodina cinereovirens, R. endospora, R. laevigata, R. metaboliza, R. olivaceobrunnea, R. parasitica, and R. subparieta are new for the study area. Rinodina endospora and R. sicula are rare in Russia and have only recently been found in Northeastern Asia. The presence of R. archaea and R. exigua in the Far East of Russia has not yet been confirmed.

Two saxicolous species of crustose lichens new to Poland, Carbonea assimilis and Rinodina aspersa, were recorded from the SW part of the country where there is an abundance of different rock formations, including natural outcrops of volcanic rocks. The characteristics of these species, as well as their ecology and geographical distribution, are provided and briefly discussed.

Rinodina ascociscana, R. subminuta, and R. trevisanii are reported as new to China. A detailed description of each species is provided, and comparisons with related species are made.

Rinodina salicis Lee & Hur and Rinodina zeorina Lee & Hur are described as new lichen-forming fungi from forested wetlands or a humid forest in South Korea. Rinodina salicis is distinguishable from Rinodina excrescens Vain., the most similar species, by its olive-gray thallus with smaller areoles without having blastidia, contiguous apothecia, non-pruinose discs, paler disc color, wider ascospores in the Pachysporaria-type II, and the absence of secondary metabolites. Rinodina zeorina differs from Rinodina hypobadia Sheard by areolate and brownish thallus, non-pruinose apothecia, colorless and wider parathecium, narrower paraphyses with non-pigmented and unswollen tips, longer and narrower ascospores with angular to globose lumina, and the absence of pannarin. Molecular analyses employing internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences strongly support the two new species to be unique in the genus Rinodina. An updated key is provided to assist in the identification of all 63 taxa in Rinodina of the far eastern Asia.

Three new genera Coppinsidea, Vandenboomia and Wolseleyidea are described and the genera Ivanpisutia, Lecaniella and Myrionora are resurrected on the basis of a phylogenetic analysisof multi-locus sequence data of the Ramalinaceae including the nuclear protein-codingmarker rpb2, the internal transcribed spacer and a fragment of the small mitochondrialsubunit. The genus Hertelidea was positioned within the Ramalina clade of the phylogenetic tree of the Ramalinaceae. Bacidia sipmanii, Phyllopsora chlorophaea, P. castaneocincta and Ramalina subbreviuscula were recorded from South Korea for the first time here confirming by molecular data, too.Forty-eight new combinations are proposed: Bacidia alnetorum (basionym: Biatoraalnetorum S. Ekman et Tonsberg), Biatora amazonica (basionym: Phyllopsora amazonica Kistenich et Timdal), Biatora cuyabensis (basionym: Lecidea cuyabensis Malme), Biatora halei (basionym: Pannaria halei Tuck.), Biatora kalbii (basionym: Phyllopsora kalbii Brako), Biatora subhispidula (basionym: Psoroma subhispidulum Nyl.), Coppinsidea alba (basionym: Catillaria alba Coppins et Vězda), Coppinsidea aphana (basionym: Lecidea aphana Nyl.), Coppinsidea croatica (basionym: Catillaria croatica Zahlbr.), Coppinsidea fuscoviridis (basionym: Bilimbia fuscoviridis Anzi), Coppinsidea pallens (basionym: Bilimbia pallens Kullh.), Coppinsidea ropalosporoides(basionym: Gyalidea ropalosporoides S. Y. Kondr., L. Lőkos et J.-S. Hur), Coppinsidea scotinodes (basionym: Lecidea scotinodes Nyl.), Coppinsidea sphaerella (basionym: Lecidea sphaerella Hedl.), Ivanpisutia hypophaea (basionym: Biatora hypophaea Printzen et Tonsberg), Ivanpisutia ocelliformis (basionym: Lecidea ocelliformis Nyl.), Lecaniella belgica (basionym: Lecania belgica van den Boom et Reese Naesb.), Lecaniella cyrtellina (basionym: Lecanora cyrtellina Nyl.), Lecaniella dubitans (basionym: Lecidea dubitans Nyl.), Lecaniella erysibe (basionym: Lichenerysibe Ach.), Lecaniella hutchinsiae (basionym: Lecanora hutchinsiae Nyl.), Lecaniella naegelii(basionym: Biatora naegelii Hepp), Lecaniella prasinoides (basionym: Lecania prasinoides Elenkin), Lecaniella sylvestris (basionym: Biatora sylvestris Arnold), Lecaniella tenera (basionym: Scoliciosporum tenerum Lonnr.), Mycobilimbia albohyalina (basionym: Lecidea anomala f. albohyalina Nyl.), Mycobilimbia cinchonarum (basionym: Triclinum cinchonarum Fee), Mycobilimbia concinna (basionym: Phyllopsora concinna Kistenich et Timdal), Mycobilimbia ramea (basionym:Bacidina ramea S. Ekman), Mycobilimbia siamensis (basionym: Phyllopsora siamensisKistenich et Timdal), Myrionora australis (basionym: Biatora australis Rodr. Flakus et Printzen), Myrionora ementiens (basionym: Lecidea ementiens Nyl.), Myrionora flavopunctata (basionym: Lecanora flavopunctata Tonsberg), Myrionora globulosa (basionym: Lecidea globulosa Florke), Myrionora hemipolia (basionym: Lecidea arceutina f. hemipolia Nyl.), Myrionora lignimollis (basionym: Biatora ligni-mollis T. Sprib. et Printzen), Myrionora malcolmii (basionym: Phyllopsora malcolmii Vězda et Kalb), Myrionora vacciniicola (basionym: Lecidea vacciniicola Tonsberg), Phyllopsora agonimioides (basionym: Coenogonium agonimioides J. P. Halda, S.-O. Oh et J.-S. Hur), Phyllopsora sunchonensis (basionym: Agonimia sunchonensis S. Y. Kondr. etJ.-S. Hur), Vandenboomia chlorotiza (basionym: Lecidea chlorotiza Nyl.), Vandenboomia falcata (basionym: Lecania falcata van den Boom, M. Brand, Coppins, Magain et Serus.), Wolseleyidea africana (basionym: Phyllopsora africana Timdal et Krog), Wolseleyidea byssiseda (basionym: Lecidea byssiseda Nyl. ex Hue), Wolseleyidea canoumbrina (basionym: Lecidea canoumbrina Vain.), Wolseleyidea furfurella (basionym: Phyllopsora furfurella Kistenich et Timdal), Wolseleyidea ochroxantha (basionym: Lecidea ochroxantha Nyl.), and Wolseleyidea swinscowii (basionym: Phyllopsora swinscowii Timdal et Krog). The combination Biatora longispora (Degel.)Lendemer et Printzen is validated here. The new names Biatora vezdana for Lecaniafurfuracea Vĕzda and Coppinsidea vainioana for Lecidea sphaeroidiza Vain. are proposed. The phenomenon of presence of ‘extraneous mycobiont DNA’ in lichen association, i.e. DNA, belonging neither to mycobiont nor photobiont or to endophytic fungi is for the first time illustrated. So the presence of nrITS and mtSSU sequences of crustose lichen Coppinsidea ropalosporoides in thalli of crustose Verrucaria margacea and foliose Kashiwadia orientalis, as well as nrITS of Phyllopsora sp. KoLRI in Agonimia pacifica and Biatora longispora, or nrITS and mtSSU of Biatora longispora in thalli of Agonimia pacifica, Oxneriopsis oxneri and Pyxine limbulata, Ivanpisutia oxneri in thalli of Rinodina xanthophaea, etc. is documented. Scarce cases of presence of ‘extraneous mycobiont DNA’ in representatives of the Teloschistaceae, Physciaceae known from literature data are discussed, too.

van den Boom, P. P. G., Elix, J. A. & Giralt, M. 2020. Lichen diversity of crustose Caliciaceae and Physciaceae from Alentejo, the Azores and Madeira (Portugal) including the new Amandinea madeirensis. – Herzogia 33: 420 – 431.Examination of crustose Caliciaceae and Physciaceae from Portugal (Alentejo, Madeira and the Azores) revealed the new corticolous species, Amandinea madeirensis, characterized by 16-spored asci and small Physconia-type ascospores. The new species is compared with the other known corticolous species of Buellia s. lat. with polyspored asci and a key to these species is provided. Additional information is given for a further 49 species, of which Amandinea polyspora, Rinodina teichophila and the lichenicolous fungus Wernerella maheui are new records for Portugal. The following are new records for the regions studied: Buellia mediterranea and B. caloplacivora are new to the Azores, Buellia uberiuscula and Rinodina guzzinii are new to Madeira, while most records from Alentejo are new for the province. An additional record of the rare species Buellia indissimilis, hitherto known only from two localities (including the type) in northern Portugal, is included.

Oran, S. 2020. Additions to the lichen biota of the Kaz Mountains (Canakkale-Balikesir, Turkey). – Herzogia 33: 432– 446.In the present paper, 195 lichen taxa and one lichenicolous fungus are reported from the Kaz Mountains. Rhizocarpon jemtlandicum and Rinodina moziana are new to Turkey.

Bu çalışmada Bursa ilinin Büyükorhan ve Harmancık ilçelerinin liken çeşitliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 2014-2015 yılları arasında yapılan arazi çalışmalarında 64 farklı lokaliteden toplanan örneklerin değerlendirilmesi ile 54 cinse ait 94 liken taksonu tespit edilmiştir. Bu taksonlardan 10 tanesi Bursa ili için yeni kayıttır. Ayrıca, 41 tanesi Büyükorhan ilçesi, 67 tanesi Harmancık ilçesi için yeni kayıt durumundadır. Çalışma alanında içerdiği takson sayısı bakımından en zengin cinsler sırasıyla Lecanora, Ramalina, Physcia, Physconia ve Rinodina olarak bulunmuştur., In this study, the lichen diversity of Büyükorhan and Harmancık districts in the city of Bursa were investigated. 94 lichen taxa belonging to 54 genera were determined by evaluating samples collected from 64 different localities in field studies conducted between 2014 and 2015. 10 taxa for Bursa province are new records. In addition, 41 taxa for Büyükorhan district, 67 taxa for Harmancık district are new records. The richest genera in terms of the number of taxa included in the study area were found as Lecanora, Ramalina, Physcia, Physconia and Rinodina, respectively.

Czarnota, P., Mayrhofer, H. & Bobiec, A. 2018. Noteworthy lichenized and lichenicolous fungi of open-canopy oak stands in east-central Europe. - Herzogia 31: 172–189.Eighteen species of lichenized and two species of lichenicolous fungi from oak stands of east-central Europe's rural landscapes are presented. Rinodina isidioides is new to eastern Europe and the Carpathians, Abrothallus microspermus is new to the Carpathians, Rinodina excrescens is new to the eastern Carpathians, Biatora pontica is new to the Polish Carpathians, Lecanora substerilis, Ramonia chrysophaea and Verrucaria viridigrana are new to the Polish Carpathians and Poland, and others are new to Hungary, Romania or Ukraine. Distinguishing characters are emphasised and notes on ecology as well as global and Carpathian distributions are given. Open-canopy oak stands and solitary oaks in wood-pastures are important for the protection of the lichen diversity of the Carpathians and need the special attention of conservation authorities and local stakeholders.

Among hitherto unidentified collections of lichens from Brazil and Venezuela, we have encountered several new taxa, twelve of which are described in the present paper, viz. Absconditella rosea, Absconditella viridithallina, Allographa hypostictica, Astrothelium miniannulare, Astrothelium rhinothallinum, Astrothelium trematum, Chiodecton graphidastroides, Graphis halonata, Lecanactis malmideoides, Maronora cyanosora, Rinodina densisidiata and Rinodina maronisidiata. The new genus Maronora is described to accommodate an enigmatic species with Lecanora habitus but with a Fuscidea ascus.

The paper presents new data on distribution of the lichen Rinodina megistospora in the Russian Far East and its revealed range in eastern Asia. R. megistospora is recorded for the first time for the Sakhalin Region (Sakhalin and Iturup islands). It has been found on the territory of Russia in eight localities in the boreal and nemoral zones of Northeast Asia. The species grows in old-growth intact coniferous and oak forests on bark of Betula sp., Kalopanax septemlobus, Picea sp., Quercus crispula and Sorbus sp. Current data suggest that R. megistospora is one of the species belonging to the Eastern Asiatic — Western North American group of species, characterized by disjunctive range. The paper presents the anatomical and morphological description of Rinodina megistospora, based on the examined specimens.

Rinodinais a widespread, polyphyletic genus of crustosePhysciaceaewithc. 300 species worldwide. A major missing link in understanding its global biogeography has been eastern Asia where the genus has never been systematically revised. Here we review specimen and literature records forRinodinafor north-eastern Asia (Russian Far East, Japan and the Korean Peninsula) and recognize 43 species. We describe two species,R. hypobadiaandR. orientalis, as new to science.Rinodina hypobadiais distinguished by its pigmented hypothecium,Dirinaria-type ascospores and pannarin in both thallus and epihymenium.Rinodina orientalisis characterized by its erumpent apothecia that remain broadly attached, with discs sometimes becoming convex and excluding the thalline margins, ascospores belonging to thePhyscia-type and secondary metabolites absent. Nine other species are reported from the region for the first time. These includeR. dolichospora,R. freyi,R. metaboliza,R. sicula,R. subminutaandR. willeyi. Of particular biogeographical interest are three additional new records that have western North American–eastern Asian distributions: the corticolous speciesR. endospora,R. macrosporaandR. megistospora. Six species have the better known eastern North American–eastern Asian distributions:R. ascociscana(syn.R. akagiensis,R. melancholica),R. buckii,R. chrysidiata,R. subminuta,R. tenuis(syn.R. adirondackii) andR. willeyi, and two have eastern North American–eastern Asian–European distributions:R. excrescensandR. moziana(syn.R. destituta,R. vezdae). Our study begins to close one of the largest gaps in our knowledge of circumboreal species distributions inRinodinaand, together with previous studies in North America and Europe, provides new insights into circumboreal crustose lichen biogeography.Rinodina cinereovirens(syn.R. turfaceavar. cinereovirens) is also reported as new to North America.

As a result of lichenological exploration of the Erzi Nature Reserve in the Republic of Ingushetia, North Caucasus, Russia, we report 266 species of lichenized fungi, 13 of lichenicolous fungi and seven of non-lichenized saprophytic fungi, representing 115 genera. Twenty-three species are recorded for the first time for North Caucasus, of which 16 are new for the Caucasus and ten are new for Russia (Arthonia protoparmeliopseos, Aspicilia viridescens, Buellia abstracta, Lecidella viridans, Micarea soralifera, Rinodina straussii, R. tunicata, R. zwackhiana, Schizoxylon alboatrum and Verrucaria fuscoatroides). Of the 16 species new for the Caucasus, seven are recorded for the first time for Asia (Buellia abstracta, Micarea nigella, M. soralifera, Ramonia chrysophaea, Rinodina tunicata, Schizoxylon alboatrum and Verrucaria elevata). In addition, two taxa listed in the Red Data Book of Russia are recorded: Leptogium burnetiae and Usnea florida.Citation: Urbanavichus G. P. & Urbanavichene I. N. 2017: Contribution to the lichen flora of Erzi Nature Reserve, Republic of Ingushetia, North Caucasus, Russia. — Willdenowia 47: 227–236. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47306Version of record first published online on 9 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.

Data on 54 new for China, India, Korea and Russia species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including 22 new for science taxa of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, i.e.: Acarospora ulleungdoensis, Amandinea trassii, Aspicilia geumodoensis, Biatora ivanpisutii, Caloplaca patwolseleyae, Catillaria ulleungdoensis, Coenogonium agonimieoides, Gyalidea austrocoreana, G. ropalosporoides, Opegrapha briancoppinsii, O. ulleungdoensis, Phyllopsora loekoesii, Psoroglaena coreana, Psorotichia gyelnikii, Rinodina oxneriana, Scoliciosporum jasonhurii, Staurothele oxneri, Stigmidium coarctatae, Thelocarpon ulleungdoense, Thelopsis loekoesii, Toninia poeltiana, Unguiculariopsis helmutii, and and 7 new species to China (Caloplaca ussuriensis, Megaspora rimisorediata, Rinodina xanthophaea, Rusavskia dasanensis, Xanthoria splendens, Zeroviella coreana, Z. esfahanensis), and 1 new species to India (Zeroviella esfahanensis), and 24 new species to Korea (Agonimia blumii, Arthonia rinodinicola, Buelliella minimula,...

As part of a comprehensive biodiversity inventory of Galapagos lichens, species in the genus Rinodina were reviewed. If most of the new species occur only in the archipelago, the degree of endemism in Galapagos Rinodina could be as high as 37%, significantly higher than the rate previously suggested for Galapagos lichens in general (8–10%). Across South America the genus Rinodina has, however, been very poorly studied. It is therefore currently not possible to assess if this rate of endemism will be confirmed in the long run. In addition to the newly described species, several are reported for the first time from Ecuador: Rinodina colobinoides occurs both in Galapagos and on the mainland; R. lepida is so far not known from continental Ecuador. Rinodina subtubulata was previously known only from its type locality in New Zealand. A key to all species and detailed descriptions to the new taxa as well as the poorly known R. subtubulata are provided.

Data on about 27 new for South Korea species of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, including one new for science genus Verseghya and 11 new for science species, i.e.: Agominia loekoesii, Lecanora pseudosambuci, Nectriopsis verseghyklarae, Polysporina golubkovae, Protoparmeliopsis zerovii, Psoroglaena chirisanensis, Pyrenopsis chejudoensis, Ropalospora chirisanensis, Thelopsis chirisanensis, Trapelia coreana, and Verseghya klarae, as well as 27 taxa newly recorded for the country (Biatora aff. subduplex, Buellia cf. uberior, Caloplaca kedrovopadensis, Catillaria chalybaea, Coenogonium isidiatum, Dibaeis yurii, Halecania australis, H. lobulata, Intralichen christiansenii, Ivanpisutia oxneri, Lecania cf. olivacella, Lecanora lojkahugoi, L. sulphurea, Lecidella mandshurica, Lichenoconium erodens, Micarea lithinella, M. aff. stipitata, Muellerella pygmaea var. pygmaea, Oxneria alfredii, Pertusaria aff. flavocorallina, Phaeosporobolus alpinum, Polycoccum innatum, Porina fluminea, Rinodina xanthophaea, Ropa...

Rinodina intrusa and R. maculans are reported as new to Fakahatchee Strand State Park, Florida. The distribution, morphology and distinguishing features of the two species are discussed.

Urbanavichus, G., Vondrak, J., Urbanavichene, I., Palice, Z. & Malicek, J. 2020. Lichens and allied non-lichenized fungi of virgin forests in the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Western Caucasus, Russia). – Herzogia 33: 90 –138.We report on 659 epiphytic and epixylic species recorded from seven one-hectare plots established along an altitudinal gradient in a virgin forest of the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve. A total of 564 species are lichens, 61 are lichenicolous fungi and 34 are allied non- or facultatively lichenized fungi. one hundred forty – nine species (116 lichens, 17 lichenicolous and 16 saprophytic fungi) are new to the Northern Caucasus, including 133 species (104 lichens, 15 lichenicolous and 14 saprophytic fungi) that are new to the Caucasus Mountains. Fifty species are reported from Russia for the first time: 37 lichens (Andreiomyces obtusaticus, Bacidina mendax, Biatora aegrefaciens, B. bacidioides, B. chrysanthoides, Biatorella dryophila, Buellia iberica, Cliostomum haematommatis, Endohyalina ericina, Fellhanera christiansenii, Gyalidea minuta, Japewia aliphatica, Lecanora barkmaniana, L. subravida, Lecidea strasseri, Leptogium hibernicum, Lithothelium hyalosporum, L. phaeosporum, L. septemseptatum, Loxospora cristinae, Melanelixia epilosa, Micarea nowakii, M. perparvula, Opegrapha trochodes, Orcularia insperata, Parvoplaca servitiana, Phylloblastia inexpectata, Psoroglaena stigonemoides, Ptychographa xylographoides, Ramonia dictyospora, R. luteola, Rinodina polysporoides, Thelopsis flaveola, Topelia jasonhurii, Verrucaria hegetschweileri, Wadeana minuta, Waynea giraltiae), nine lichenicolous fungi (Arthonia vorsoeensis, Didymocyrtis melanelixiae, Epigloea urosperma, Muellerella polyspora, Phacographa zwackhii, Pronectria pilosa, Rhymbocarpus pubescens, Taeniolella friesii, Unguiculariopsis acrocordiae) and four non-lichenized saprophytic fungi (Cyrtidula major, Karschia cezannei, Kirschsteiniothelia recessa, Pseudotryblidium neesii).The ratio of macrolichens ranges between 26.5 – 40 % and rises with elevation. Lichens with a trentepohlioid photobiont are represented by 15 –51 species per plot and their species richness decreases with elevation. The species richness of cyanolichens is substantial in all plots (15 –28 species) reflecting a negligible effect of acidification/air pollution. Low species richness and low abundances of nitrophilous species indicate insignificant uptake of nitrogen emissions. Beech and fir are the most preferred phorophytes, but the vast majority of lichen species have low substrate specificity. Species richness per plots ranged between 236 and 379. The highest richness was found in a plot outside the Caucasian Reserve and we recommend its inclusion into the protected area.

Rinodina lecideopsis is described as new to science. The species is characterized by the lecideine appearance of its apothecia due to the darkly pigmented cortex of the thalline margin and by a broad, hyaline proper exciple, which limits the algae to a narrow region at the base of the margin. The hymenium is densely inspersed with oil droplets and the spores are Bischoffii-type, both characters indicating a relationship with R. bischoffii. The new species belongs to a group of ecologically similar saxicolous lichens restricted to outcrops in tallgrass prairies, and glade openings in savannas and woodlands, fire-adapted ecosystems of the central United States. The biogeography and conservation needs of these lichens is briefly discussed.

Muggia, L., Kati, V., Rohrer, A., Halley, J. & Mayrhofer, H. 2018. Species diversity of lichens in the sacred groves of Epirus (Greece). – Herzogia 31: 231–244.The sacred groves in the mountains of Epirus in NW Greece have been established during the Ottoman period and consist of locally adapted systems set apart from the surrounding intensively managed, anthropogenic landscape. We inventoried eight sacred groves and compared them with nearby control (managed) forests. In total, 166 taxa of lichens and five of lichenicolous fungi were recorded. The most common lichen species were Anaptychia ciliaris, Phlyctis argena and Lecidella elaeochroma. Seven species are new for Greece: Calicium quercinum, Chaenotheca ferruginea, Chaenotheca trichialis, Chaenothecopsis nana, Leptogium hibernicum, Parvoplaca nigroblastidiata and Rinodina orculata. The sacred groves appeared not very different from the control forests; more pronounced differences were observed between deciduous oak evergreen oak and pine forests. Localities characterized by deciduous oak forest hosted the highest number of taxa belonging to the order Peltigerales, the most frequent were: Nephroma laevigatum, Collema subflaccidum, Leptogium lichenoides and Lobaria pulmonaria, but also rare species such as Polychidium muscicola, Koerberia biformis and Degelia atlantica were recorded.

Urbanavichus, G. & Urbanavichene, I. 2015. New records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the NW Caucasus (Russia). — Herzogia 28: 185–192. Twenty-two noteworthy records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the northwestern Caucasus are listed, of which 11 are reported for the first time for Russia: Abrothallus acetabuli, Arthonia diploiciae, Dendrographa decolorans, Leptosphaeria ramalinae, Lecania sambucina, Polycoccum rinodinae, Rinodina fimbriata, Stigmidium clauzadei, Verrucaria corticola, V. phloeophila and V. schindleri. Brief taxonomic descriptions, comments, and notes on localities, habitat, substrata and distribution of the species are given.

A detailed taxonomic survey of the saxicolous European species of Buellia based on a detailed survey and assessment of the important features of the genus is presented. These include the conidia, the anatomy of the exciple, the spore wall pigmentation, ornamentation and internal wall thickening, as well as analysis of the lichen substances. As a result, 36 saxicolous species are recognized, of which Buellia griseosquamulata and B. longispora are new taxa and B. atrocinerella and B. parvula are new combinations. Buellia coniops, B. lecideina and B. punclata are transferred to the validated genus Amandinea. A key to 43 accepted species of Buellia, Amandinea and Hafellia is included.

Rinodina pallidescens is described as a new species, endemic to southern Alaska. Rinodina buckii and R. oregana are discussed in terms of their range extensions and possible phytogeographic histories.

Mayrhofer, H., Obermayer, W. & Wetschnig, W. 2014. Corticolous species of the genus Rinodina (lichenized Ascomycetes, Physciaceae) in southern Africa. — Herzogia 27: 1–12.Four corticolous species of Rinodina are recorded from southern Africa: Rinodina albocincta, R. australiensis, R. capensis and R. ficta. Rinodina boleana is regarded as a synonym of R. ficta. A key to the species is provided. Characters, distribution and habitats are discussed.

Motiejūnaitė, J. & Grochowski, P. 2014. Miscellaneous new records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi. — Herzogia 27: 193–198. New localities for 8 species of lichens and 12 species of lichenicolous fungi are reported. New to Belarus is Cornutispora lichenicola, to Brazil — Pronectria subimperspicua, to Denmark — Lichenochora obscuroides. Diederichia pseudeverniae, Myriospora heppii and Tremella hypogymniae are reported for the first time for Latvia, Agonimia flabelliformis, Caloplaca chlorina, Chaenotheca laevigata, Cladonia cryptochlorophaea, Lecidea ahlesii, Pertusaria coronata, Polycauliona ucrainica, Pronectria minuta and Rinodina aspersa — for Lithuania, Rhymbocarpus aggregatus — for Lithuania and Portugal. New localities in Italy are reported for Arthrorhaphis aeruginosa, Briancoppinsia cytospora, Cornutispora lichenicola, Diederichia pseudeverniae, in Denmark — for Marchandiobasidium aurantiacum and Xanthoriicola physciae.

A review of the crustose lichen genus Rinodina in Great Smoky Mountains National Park is presented. Seventeen species are reported from the study area, of which three represent new reports (R. bullata, R. excrescens, and R. oxydata) and one is described as new to science (R. brodoana). Based on current collections, the new species is restricted to old growth hardwoods and occurs at middle to low elevations. Also based on collections information, two species (R. brodoana and R. chrysomelaena) are proposed to have IUCN Red List ranks of critically endangered. We discuss the increasing significance of middle to low elevation habitats in this biodiversity hotspot. All 17 species reported from the study are illustrated, their biogeographic patterns and ecologies are discussed, and maps showing revised North American distributions, are provided. A key to the 21 species of Rinodina known to occur in the southern Appalachian Mountains is also provided.

Three species, Biatoridium monasteriense, Catillaria picila and Hymenelia cyanocarpa are reported as new to North America, the first two occurring in Oregon and the last in British Columbia. Northward range extensions from California are reported for Aspicilia knudsenii, Lecanora mellea, and Lecidea mannii. The range of Caloplaca nivalis is extended southward. Other range extensions are given for Acarospora sinopica, Anaptychia bryorum, Caloplaca nivalis, Gyalidea asteriscus, Gypsoplaca macrophylla, Heterodermia japonica, Pertusaria chiodectonoides, Pycnothelia papillaria, Rhizocarpon sulphurosum, and Rinodina oregana.