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In the temperate zone, many bat species depend on underground sites during the autumn mating period and as hibernacula in winter. Anthropogenic or natural alteration or destruction of a hibernaculum may severely threaten the bats that rely on the site, especially if they are not aware of suitable alternatives. Currently, the rate at which bats visit other hibernacula, or disperse between them, is poorly understood. Here, we studied hibernation site fidelity in two European bat species, Daubenton's bat (Myotis daubentonii) and Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri), that share hibernacula but differ in their hibernation phenology and mating systems. The activity of over 2500 RFID‐tagged individuals was monitored using an automated recording system at the entrances of three hibernacula over eight full years. Hibernation site fidelity was high in both species, with only 1.6% of Daubenton's bats and 4.1% of Natterer's bats moving between the monitored sites during their lifetimes. Juvenile bats moved more frequently than adults and contrary to our expectations, in Natterer's bats, more females moved between hibernacula than males. Movements almost always occurred during the autumn mating season, and more frequently between neighboring hibernacula than between distant sites. Finally, we also found that individuals rarely explored more than one of the three entrances to a site, despite their close proximity. Taken together, our results suggest that some juvenile bats may explore multiple sites, but that they rarely disperse to other hibernacula as adults. As a result, most individuals are either not aware of alternative sites or do not regularly update this information. We therefore argue that the creation of new underground objects as a mitigation measure may not function as an immediate compensation for the disturbance or the loss of an existing hibernaculum. Instead, the proactive identification and protection of existing hibernacula should be prioritized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia is one of the most common toxic gases in livestock and poultry environment. Its high concentrations can pose a potential health threat to humans, plants, and animals. Traditional active detection methods increase energy consumption, heat buildup may affect detection system performance, and are not suitable for livestock and poultry environment where circuit wired connections are limited. With the gradual transition from traditional to smart agriculture, radio frequency identification (RFID) technology has been widely used to integrate device sensing and wireless communication, due to its lightweight, low-cost, and non-line-of-sight readability. In this study, a passive RFID sensor simulation model was designed by using the high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software. A split-ring resonator was employed to operate at a center frequency, which was adjusted according to the length of the open gap. The additional flexibility was provided rather than the closed-loop resonant structure. According to the HFSS simulation model, a physical RFID tags were fabricated by screenprinting technique based on polyethylene terephthalate and polyimide substrates, and carbon nanotubes with high surface area were selected as ammonia-sensitive materials. The surface morphology and nanostructure of carbon nanotube materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sensor resistance was measured due to the contact of ammonia molecules on the surface of the sensitive materials, mathematical model of passive detection was established to analyze the sensing mechanism. Once an ammonia molecule came into contact with the surface of a carbon nanotube, some electrons or holes were used to change the carrier concentration, thus leading to the varying resistance of the carbon nanotube. Antenna frequency or impedance mismatch was found during adsorption between ammonia and free carriers on the surface of carbon nanotubes, thereby affecting the backscattering signal domain of RFID, the detection process of RFID sensing tags was simulated by analyzing the variation of transmission coefficients. Furthermore, a radio-frequency test system for ammonia testing in laboratories and livestock environment was built. The transmission gain of the tag can be calculated by detecting the transmission coefficient offset and amplitude change. According to the tag power reflection coefficient, return loss and phase analysis, the resonant frequency of the tags varied by 270 MHz under 0-18 mg/L ammonia ambient. The detection efficiency of the tag was easily affected by carbon dioxide, temperature and humidity factors, due to manual cutting, substrate deformation, environmental interference and other factors. There was a deviation about 0.05 GHz between the resonance frequency of the physical tag and the simulated resonance frequency, the sensing tag's sensitivity was about 15 MHz·L/mg, and the maximum reading distance was 24 cm. The sensing tag has obvious advantages in terms of service life and response time compared to commercial ammonia sensors. The tag sensor can be expected to fully meet the passive detection needs of ammonia. This finding can provide a reliable theoretical and practical basis for the passive detection of ammonia from agricultural sources. Further research can also be conducted to select the sensitive materials or suppress the interferences of radio frequency links in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dual-person inspection in IVF laboratories cannot fully avoid mix-ups or embryo transfer errors, and data transcription or entry is time-consuming and redundant, often leading to delays in completing medical records. Methods: This study introduced a workflow-based RFID tag witnessing and real-time information entry platform for addressing these challenges. To assess its potential in reducing mix-ups, we conducted a simulation experiment in semen preparation to analyze its error correction rate. Additionally, we evaluated its impact on work efficiency, specifically in operation and data entry. Furthermore, we compared the cycle costs between paper labels and RFID tags. Finally, we retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes of 20,424 oocyte retrieval cycles and 15,785 frozen embryo transfer cycles, which were divided into paper label and RFID tag groups. Results: The study revealed that comparing to paper labels, RFID tag witnessing corrected 100% of tag errors, didn't affect gamete/embryo operations, and notably shorten the time of entering data, but the cycle cost of RFID tags was significantly higher. However, no significant differences were observed in fertilization, embryo quality, blastocyst rates, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates between two groups. Conclusions: RFID tag witnessing doesn't negatively impact gamete/embryo operation, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes, but it potentially reduces the risk of mix-ups or errors. Despite highly increased cost, integrating RFID tag witnessing with real-time information entry can remarkably decrease the data entry time, substantially improving the work efficiency. This workflow-based management platform also enhances operational safety, ensures medical informational integrity, and boosts embryologist's confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dual-person inspection in IVF laboratories cannot fully avoid mix-ups or embryo transfer errors, and data transcription or entry is time-consuming and redundant, often leading to delays in completing medical records. Methods This study introduced a workflow-based RFID tag witnessing and real-time information entry platform for addressing these challenges. To assess its potential in reducing mix-ups, we conducted a simulation experiment in semen preparation to analyze its error correction rate. Additionally, we evaluated its impact on work efficiency, specifically in operation and data entry. Furthermore, we compared the cycle costs between paper labels and RFID tags. Finally, we retrospectively analyzed clinical outcomes of 20,424 oocyte retrieval cycles and 15,785 frozen embryo transfer cycles, which were divided into paper label and RFID tag groups. Results The study revealed that comparing to paper labels, RFID tag witnessing corrected 100% of tag errors, didn’t affect gamete/embryo operations, and notably shorten the time of entering data, but the cycle cost of RFID tags was significantly higher. However, no significant differences were observed in fertilization, embryo quality, blastocyst rates, clinical pregnancy, and live birth rates between two groups. Conclusions RFID tag witnessing doesn’t negatively impact gamete/embryo operation, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes, but it potentially reduces the risk of mix-ups or errors. Despite highly increased cost, integrating RFID tag witnessing with real-time information entry can remarkably decrease the data entry time, substantially improving the work efficiency. This workflow-based management platform also enhances operational safety, ensures medical informational integrity, and boosts embryologist’s confidence.

This paper presents an innovative approach to the integration of thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs) based on thick-film thermopiles of planar constantan–silver (CuNi-Ag) and calcium cobaltite oxide–silver (Ca3Co4O9-Ag) thick-film thermopiles with radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The goal was to consider using the TEG for an active or semi-passive RFID tag. The proposed implementation would allow the communication distance to be increased or even operated without changing batteries. This article discusses the principles of planar thermoelectric microgenerators (μTEGs), focusing on their ability to convert the temperature difference into electrical energy. The concept of integration with active or semi-passive tags is presented, as well as the results of energy efficiency tests, considering various environmental conditions. On the basis of the measurements, the parameters of thermopiles consisting of more thermocouples were simulated to provide the required voltage and power for cooperation with RFID tags. The conclusions of the research indicate promising prospects for the integration of planar thermoelectric microgenerators with RFID technology, opening the way to more sustainable and efficient monitoring and identification systems. Our work provides the theoretical basis and practical experimental data for the further development and implementation of this innovative technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a hybrid model chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is introduced. It is constructed by using multi-resonator circuit with a bandstop filter simultaneously. Bandstop filter section is conventionally designed by quarter-wave open-circuited stubs, while the multi-resonator circuit is developed by coupling dual-band codirectional split ring resonators (CDSRRs) to a feeding line. Each stub and CDSRR can provide two and four frequency codes, respectively. The open-circuited stubs can form the resonant frequencies within wide frequency range, while the CDSRRs have notch band characteristics. The proposed hybrid model approach has the ability of combining notch and wide band resonant frequencies on a single circuit. A 12-bit chipless RFID tag is designed by locating two wideband monopole antennas vertically and horizontally at the end of the multi-resonator circuit. The monopole antennas are formed by using two orthogonal ellipses. 000000000000 and 100100100100 frequency coded two tags have been experimentally investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For multi-resonator based chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, a novel triple-mode resonator is designed by loading open-circuited stubs to a transmission line which is coupled to input and output ports. Since the proposed resonator provides independently controllable three resonant frequencies, three bits can be obtained by means of a single triple-mode resonator. The presence and absence of the open stubs results in eight states from a single triple-mode resonator. Therefore, N triple-mode resonators in different lengths can generate $8^{N}$ different frequency codes. For this purpose, a multi-resonator circuit operating between 1.9 and 3.75 GHz is also developed by using 5 triple-mode resonators, so that 15 resonant frequencies can be obtained. Two conventional vertically/horizontally polarized monopole antennas are used to demonstrate the tag performance. Bit density and spectral efficiency of the designed tag are 29.04 bits/ $\lambda _{g}^{2}$ and 8.33 bits/GHz. Two chipless RFID tags having different frequency codes have been fabricated and tested in a good agreement with the predicted results. The designed tags have also been tested under various circumstances successfully.

The use of textronic RFID transponders (RFIDtex tags) offers completely new possibilities in designing household appliances. Their implementations in technologies of washing or ironing textiles are very promising. Specific information on maintaining clothes can be stored in the memory of RFIDtex tags that are permanently bound to the products. This information can be read by washing or ironing devices and then can be used to automatically select the best program or mode of machine operation. Since RFID technology is becoming more and more common, the solution seems simple and ordinary. Nevertheless, there are some barriers that prevent the popularization of such applications. Reliability and efficiency of identification are major concerns, especially near surrounding objects, such as other tags, material composition of textiles, and above all, metal drums of washing machines. The main purpose of the presented work is to propose the communication model in the anti-collision dynamic RFID system, dedicated to use in future intelligent industrial and home washing machines. To develop the elaborated idea, the washing machine demonstrator equipped with read/write RFID devices was designed. Moreover, the RFIDtex transponders according to the authors’ conception (restricted under Polish patent, No. PAT.231291) are used in experimental stages. As part of the work, appropriate reading and scanning algorithms were developed to manage multiple data readings from tags inside the drum. Also, measurements were carried out to confirm the identification efficiency in such an Internet of Textile Things (IoTT) system basing on the RFIDtex tags that are placed inside the demonstration washing machine.

In this paper, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is designed and fabricated based on highly electrical and thermal conductive graphene films. The tag operates in the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band, which is suitable for high-power microwave environments of at least 800 W. We designed the protection structure to avoid charge accumulation at the antenna's critical positions. In the initial state, the read range of the anti-high-power microwave graphene film tag (AMGFT) is 10.43 m at 915 MHz. During the microwave heating experiment, the aluminum tag causes a visible electric spark phenomenon, which ablates the aluminum tag and its attachment, resulting in tag failure and serious safety issues. In contrast, the AMGFT is intact, with its entire read range curve growing and returning to its initial position as its temperature steadily decreases back to room temperature. In addition, the proposed dual-frequency tag further confirms the anti-high-power microwave performance of graphene film tags and provides a multi-scenario interactive application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is aimed to discuss use of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology in the libraries of Uzbekistan. RFID technology is being used to automate all library processes. In recent years, this technology has entered the activities of libraries in Uzbekistan, and interest in it is growing. In the near future, RFID in the libraries of our country will become an indispensable assistant in the inventory and accounting of the library fund. Also, the self-service station based on RFID allows library users to independently interact with the fund. This technology not only helps to automate library processes, but also protects against theft or loss of resources through a security system installed at the entrance of the library. Therefore, this article discusses the priorities and features of the introduction of radio frequency identification technology in the libraries of Uzbekistan. The main types of RFID equipment are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a 915 MHz low-loss harmonic transponder for harmonic radar sensors. The proposed through-type harmonic transponder comprises an input and output matching network with an independent impedance control circuit. This control circuit enables the independent matching of the input and output loads. The circuit minimizes the impedance influence between the input and output matching networks, regardless of the impedance change of the input and output terminals according to the internal and external environments. The designed harmonic transponder was implemented and its performance was measured. The results show that the conversion gain of the proposed circuit is >-10 dB over a wide input power range of -20-0 dBm. Furthermore, the implemented circuit maintains the conversion gain of over -11.5 dB and the low fundamental output power of under -32.2 dBm in the frequency range of 900-930 MHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research proposes a compact tag antenna for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) which provides two bands of operation at 2.3-2.5 GHz and 5.78-6 GHz. The tag antenna structure consists of two meander lines connected with an inductive loop of the metamaterial. This design topology offers benefits such as achieving multi-band, good impedance matching and radiation pattern at resonant frequencies. The design has a small size of 16 x 23 x 1.6 mm³. The suggested tag antenna is produced on top of the FR4 substrate having εr = 4.3 and tanδ = 0.022. The tag antenna has a maximum gain of 2.14 dBi and 3.22 dBi at the resonant frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively. The study of the suggested tag antenna with the human body, solution bag, and bandage is presented. In addition, the proposed tag antenna has good performance and supports two bands of operation, which confirms its suitability for RFID technology and remote healthcare applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the design of a reconfigurable planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The proposed antenna is designed and optimized to operate in two frequency bands. 2.4 GHz allocated to the industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band for the identification of a set of vehicules within a given area, and 1.575 GHz allocated to the global positioning system (GPS) band to locate them outside. The ISM band is used for microwave frequencies for active radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, which is associated with the object to be identified. This antenna consists of two radiating elements connected by a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) diode to obtain the frequency reconfigurability. The first radiating element is connected to the ground plane by a shorting pin and excited by a 50 O coaxial feed line. Its total size is 30 mm × 50 mm × 7 mm. The substrate used is FR4 with constant dielectric relativity of 4.4 and a height of 1.6 mm. Computer simulation technology microwave studio (CST MWS) software is used to simulate and optimize the proposed reconfigurable PIFA antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag is designed and fabricated based on highly electrical and thermal conductive graphene films. The tag operates in the ultrahigh-frequency (UHF) band, which is suitable for high-power microwave environments of at least 800 W. We designed the protection structure to avoid charge accumulation at the antenna’s critical positions. In the initial state, the read range of the anti-high-power microwave graphene film tag (AMGFT) is 10.43 m at 915 MHz. During the microwave heating experiment, the aluminum tag causes a visible electric spark phenomenon, which ablates the aluminum tag and its attachment, resulting in tag failure and serious safety issues. In contrast, the AMGFT is intact, with its entire read range curve growing and returning to its initial position as its temperature steadily decreases back to room temperature. In addition, the proposed dual-frequency tag further confirms the anti-high-power microwave performance of graphene film tags and provides a multi-scenario interactive application.

This study developed a miniature tag antenna attached to a backing metal for ultrahigh-frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) applications. The impedance of this antenna can be easily controlled at the desired fixed frequency by using different mechanisms and was not considerably affected by backing metal size. This antenna comprises a radiating patch with double I-shaped slots and a ground layer shorted to a narrow inductive plate. Loading a closed slot in the center of the patch and the open slits enabled flexible frequency tuning to match the complex impedance of the microchip used. This tag antenna has a low profile of $28.02\times 25.02\times2.61$ mm3 ( $0.086\times 0.076\times 0.0079\,\,\lambda _{0}^{3}$ ), and it provides a high power transmission coefficient of 99.74%, realized gain of −2.3 dB, and a reading distance of 8.1 m when it is located at the center of a metallic plate of size $250\times250$ mm2. The operational frequency of the proposed antenna was designed to reside the frequency bands for North and South America (860–960 and 902–928 MHz, respectively). Measurements of the antenna prototype proved that the experimental results agreed with the simulated data.

A correctly selected positioning system for controlling the mobile robotic means movement ensures high positioning accuracy of the robotic platform in the garden, allows to automate precise operations in the garden and systematize route planning algorithms.(Research purpose) To substantiate the rational choice of a positioning system for controlling the mobile robotic device movement.(Materials and methods) The author formulated requirements for the positioning system to perform precise operations in the garden: mechanized collection of fruits and berries, diff erentiated application of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The main ones were: the positioning error was no more than 5 centimetres, the stability of information transfer to the server for building traffi c maps, the movement of a robotic device along a given trajectory, equipping beacons with a mobile power source with a capacity of at least 800 milliampere-hour, information exchange between the beacon and the built-in robotic means with a microprocessor controller according to the RS-485 standard, the signal coverage area was at least 100 square meter.(Results and discussion) The six most relevant positioning systems of the following manufacturers were described: RealTrac, Rusoft CKT, Neomatic, ISBC, Avtosensor, Marvelmind. The author compared their technical and operational parameters: operating frequencies, range, data transfer interface, location accuracy and cost of ready-made kits. He showed that Marvelmind provided uninterrupted operation at frequencies of 433 and 915 megahertz with a positioning error of no more than 2 centimetres. The tests were carried out on a small robotic vehicle with the following characteristics: maximum transport speed – 30 kilometre per hour, operating weight – 500 kilograms, length 2 metres, width – 1.2 metres, height – 1.6 metres.(Conclusions) The author substantiated the choice of the most suitable and aff ordable Marvelmind positioning system and experimentally confi rmed the positioning accuracy declared by the manufacturer. When driving in a loop-free and looped turn, the positioning accuracy did not exceed 1.5 centimetres, which met the agrotechnical requirements for mechanized collection of fruits and berries, for diff erentiated application of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products

Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman pada saat ini, maka kebutuhan masyarakat pada alat transportasi sangat meningkat, salah satunya adalah kendaraan sepeda motor. Semakin meningkat nya alat transportaasi pada saat ini juga sangat mempengaruhi kasus pencurian kendaraan sepeda motor yang akan ikut meningkat. Kasus kejahatan pencurian kendaraan seperti ini masih sering terjadi dikarenakan kurangnya alat sistem keamanan pada kendaraan sepeda motor. Tugas Akhir ini membahas Sistem Keamanan Sepeda Motor Berbasis Internet of Things untuk mengirimkan koordinat sepeda motor tersebut dan dapat menampilkan google maps untuk melihat dimana keberadaan sepeda motor tesebut. Pemanfaatan teknologi Internet of Things pada keamanan kendaraan sepeda motor merupakan solusi yang sangat bagus, dikarenakan sistem seperti ini dapat menjadi solusi sebenarnya dari masalah keamanan pada kendaraan. Dengan memanfaatkan Internet of Things, pemilik kendaraan bisa melacak lokasi kendaraan sepeda motornya dimanapun berada. Manfaat nyata adanya teknologi Internet of Things adalah semakin efektif dan efisien tata kelola di berbagai bidang. Selain itu diharapkan di masa mendatang harga teknologi ini semakin terjanngkau oleh masyarakat.

A new Miniaturized RFID tag has been designed and optimized using meander theory and split ring resonator theory. The proposed RFID tag is designed and adapted for an UHF chip with Zchip=30.39-i*211Ohm. The proposed RFID tag is simulated using an EM solver and supported to operate in UHF sub-band [866.9-870.9MHz] with a band width of 4MHz. A prototype has been fabricated using inkjet method on a polyimide substrate and has been tested using a RFID base station which has proved an excellent agreement between theoretical reading range and experiment which is over up 4m.The miniaturized RFID tag is highly suitable for applications require a middle range between 4 and 8m and a flexible compact RFID tag for integration on items such clothing application and access control.

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technique is a kind of wireless, automatic identification technology that is being widely used. Compared to other identification methods such as bar code and two‐dimensional code (quick response code or QR code), the RFID technique has several remarkable merits, such as long reading distance, strong penetrating ability, pollution resistance, high reading efficiency, small size, and large information storage. However, the technique involves high cost and cannot be accepted by cost‐sensitive commodities or applications. To reduce its cost, chipless RFID tags were proposed in recent years using surface acoustic wave (SAW) to read and store the information is one such RFID tags. The tags feature small size, high flexibility, strong radiation resistance, high consistency and repeatability, as well as high temperature stability. In this paper, we propose a novel design for the SAW‐based RFID tags by using the commercial software COMSOL and analyze the performance of SAW tags with different structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tags represent some of the smallest animal‐borne technologies available. They are frequently used for understanding fine‐scale associations between animals and their environments. However, currently available devices are often prohibitively expensive or difficult to customise.We present 'WildWID', an open‐source radio‐frequency identification system that can be used for detecting encounters between tags and loggers and/or integrated into more advanced experimental set‐ups for triggering audio or visual playbacks following the detection of RFID tag codes. WildWID systems can be made using commercially available components (costing ~$20 USD for tags and ~$60 for loggers) and can be customised to fit project and species‐specific needs.WildWID tags have been deployed on a range of species including koalas Phascolarctos cinereus, lions Panthera leo and shy albatross Thalassarche cauta for a range of research topics, including the assessment of road‐crossing structures and species' responses to intraspecific competitors.WildWID is a cost‐effective RFID system that can increase the accessibility of this technology for a wider range of researchers and study questions. Its use provides researchers with opportunities to mitigate ethical concerns, for example, by customising systems for species‐specific conditions, and its customisability extends the range of applications where RFID systems can be used by field biologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]