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In response to the increasing traffic noise problem, we designed a combined acoustic metamaterial (CAM) based on the multi-channel Fano resonance principle. By utilizing the Fano resonance coupling between the acoustic spiral structure and the hollow structure, efficient sound insulation under effective ventilation conditions is achieved. Simulation results of acoustic transmission loss show that the acoustic transmission loss of CAM is more than 13 dB in the frequency band of 520–989 Hz. The broadband sound insulation characteristic can block the oblique angle incident sound waves from different angles. Simulation results of the elastic strain energy and acoustic pressure field validate the sound insulation mechanism of the Fano resonance of the combined acoustic metamaterial. The experimental results in the impedance tube generally agree with the simulation results. To explore the possibility of wider engineering applications of CAM, we propose a combined CAM and CAM0.7 structure. The results show that a series structure of acoustic metamaterials can be selected to further realize broadband sound insulation within 500–1574 Hz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operating bandwidth of miniaturized magnetoelectric (ME) antenna is generally narrow due to the acoustic wave driven magneto-electromechanical resonance effect, parallel connection of multiple ME antennas with different resonant frequencies is an effective way to broaden the operating bandwidth of the antenna. This paper presents an ME antenna array consisting of three units, which are constructed of a sandwich stack of Metglas/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3/Metglas. The −3 dB operating bandwidth of 152.4–172.8 kHz is achieved, and the relative bandwidth is 12.5%. Experimental results indicated that the bias magnetic field and coupling effect between the ME antenna units significantly influence the performance of ME antenna array. A modified Butterworth–Van Dyke (MBVD) equivalent circuit model is used and improved to analyze the influence of sound waves, electric fields, magnetic fields, parasitic capacitance, and bias magnetic field on the ME antenna array. The simulation results of the MBVD equivalent circuit model are agreed well with the experimental results. The improved MBVD model is beneficial for the design of acoustic wave driven antenna array. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IR spectra of CDF3 in the solid Ar and N2 matrices were measured and analyzed in the region of the Fermi polyads 2ν4/ν1/2ν2/ν4 + ν5, complicated by a close Fermi resonance ν4/ν3 + ν6. The symmetry lifting effect, observed in the N2 matrix, was found helpful for an accurate assignment of the individual components. The anharmonic calculation of the potential energy surface and the dipole moment function was performed on the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ level. The unperturbed values of vibrational eigenstates were determined in the region of ν1 (CD stretching vibration) in both matrices. The experimental findings and theoretical analysis are in good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the investigation of a metastructure, built with periodic arrays of inertial amplification (IA) cantilever-type resonators on a host beam, to improve its low-frequency flexural wave attenuation performance. The IA mechanism is composed of an additional mass and three rigid bars, which are connected by hinges and embedded on the host beam and cantilever-type resonators, respectively. The dynamical model of an IA cantilever-type resonant beam (IACRB) is established by the spectral element method, and its bandgap characteristics and vibration transmissibility are verified numerically and experimentally. The bandgaps of the lumped mass cantilever-type resonant beam are compared to those of the IACRB, showing that the latter has better low-frequency wave attenuation ability. To reveal the underlying physics, the effects of the amplification ratio, IA span, and length ratio of cantilever-type resonators on the band diagram of the IACRB are investigated. It is found that the variation of the amplification ratio results in the bandgap near-coupling phenomenon and the bandgap transposition phenomenon. The increase of IA span by changing position 1 weakens the coupling effect of local resonance and IA. However, the increase of IA span by changing position 2 creates the super-wide pseudo-bandgap as well, which is potential in engineering practices. The variation of the length ratio of cantilever-type resonators decreases its first bending modal frequency and shifts the IA bandgap to a lower frequency range slightly. The modal analysis results of the IACRB show that the proposed mechanism affects the modal distributions of the host structure. The modal frequencies existing in bandgaps are caused by the local vibration mode of the ends of the IACRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied the evolution of near-Earth asteroid (NEA) families and pairs to inform future searches. To do so, we integrated clusters of simulated NEAs with different initial conditions, namely the orbital inclination, ejection speed, and the effects of mean-motion resonances on the parent body prior to breakup while also varying the orbit, mass, and number of perturbing planetary bodies. We studied the orbital element dispersion rates of NEA family members and found a power-law increase in those families whose orbits brought them close to a planet. This allowed us to conclude that family dispersion is significantly affected by the Kozai–Lidov effect due to oscillations in the eccentricity, and that the rate of dispersion is slowest at high inclination relatively far from the nearest planet. In most cases, the ejection speed of the initial breakup does not affect the dispersion, except within weaker mean-motion resonances where more violent breakups will result in the ejection of a fraction of the asteroids, causing a large increase in dispersion. Within mean-motion resonances, where Kozai–Lidov oscillations are slowed, increases in the dispersion of a family are delayed, leading them to be identifiable for longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A customized metamaterial tailored for a specific functionality holds significant appeal in practical applications, yet its alteration after the structure is established can be challenging. A novel design for Fibonacci‐array inspired acoustic metamaterials is introduced, which are constructed using metamaterial bricks with unique physical mechanisms. This design aims to achieve multifunctional low‐frequency sound absorption. The Fibonacci sequence arrangement flexibly modulates the coupling between metamaterial bricks, thereby improving energy‐dissipating efficiency. Additionally, the strategic alignment enhances the wave‐absorbing properties of the metamaterial, allowing it to demonstrate remarkable absorption effects across targeted frequency bands. By controlling the resonance effect of metamaterial bricks in intensive and sparse modes, the proposed design exhibited frequency‐selective performance, resulting in three absorption peaks at 323, 687, and 1113 Hz, respectively, across low‐ to high‐frequency ranges. Furthermore, the broadband absorption performance, characterized by strong coupling strength, enables continuous sound absorption over a low‐frequency band from 290 to 440 Hz. This is supported by theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental results, showcasing the flexible modulation of the propagation characteristics of sound waves. Overall, this functionally actuated design dramatically enhances the tunability of the metamaterials and offers a promising avenue for multifunctional application in noise‐control engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We pioneered an angle-adjustable photonic crystal fluorescence platform (APC-Fluor) that integrates PCs, an angular resolution spectrometer and a strategically aligned laser source. This configuration, featuring a coaxial rotating swing arm, allows for precise control over the angles of incidence and emission. The presence of photonic crystal microcavities facilitates the dispersion of fluorescent materials and promotes the transition of electrons from the excited state to the lowest vibrational energy level. The optical resonance effect triggered by modulating the alignment of the reflection peaks of the photonic crystals with the emission peaks of the fluorescent materials can significantly enhance the fluorescence intensity. Compared with the single BSA-AuNCs, the optimized fluorescence intensity can be significantly increased by 11.9-fold. The APC-Fluor system showcases rapid and highly sensitive detection capabilities for oxytetracycline (OTC), exhibiting a response across a concentration range from 2 to 1 × 104 nM and achieving a notably low detection limit of 1.03 nM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multi‐resonant thermally activated delayed fluorescent (MR‐TADF) materials, which combine large oscillator strengths, small singlet‐triplet energy gaps, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and color purity, have attracted great interest in both experimental and theoretical research in recent years. However, the differences between two classes of MR‐TADF, utilizing carbonyl groups and boron atoms as acceptors respectively, have not been clearly delineated, and the implementation of strategies combining both is extremely limited. This limitation hampers the diversity in composition and structure of MR‐TADF. In this study, we employed boron as the central acceptor and carbonyl groups as peripheral acceptors, designing and investigating 7 merged systems of MR‐TADF molecules. Calculations revealed that, in contrast to the strong acceptor characteristics of boron atoms, carbonyl groups do not exhibit absolute acceptor features, and their resonance effects depend on the surrounding environment. This unique resonance effect induces LRCT features to varying degrees, enabling the emission coverage of these molecules across almost the entire visible spectrum (theoretical emission wavelengths covering 452–751 nm). We gained an understanding of the differences between boron acceptors and carbonyl groups, achieving full‐color emission by adjusting only the MR cores. This provides insights into the rational design of complex‐component full‐color MR‐TADF emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the widely used EvtGen framework, we have added a new event generator model for B → K*ℓ+ℓ− with improved standard model (SM) decay amplitudes and possible BSM physics contributions, which are implemented in the operator product expansion in terms of Wilson coefficients. This event generator can then be used to estimate the statistical sensitivity of a simulated experiment to the most general BSM signal resulting from dimension-six operators. We describe the advantages and potential of the newly developed 'Sibidanov Physics Generator' in improving the experimental sensitivity of searches for lepton non-universal BSM physics and clarifying signatures. The new generator can properly simulate BSM scenarios, interference between SM and BSM amplitudes, and correlations between different BSM observables as well as acceptance bias. We show that exploiting such correlations substantially improves experimental sensitivity. As a demonstration of the utility of the MC generator, we examine the prospects for improved measurements of lepton non-universality in angular distributions for B → K*ℓ+ℓ− decays from the expected 50 ab−1 data set of the Belle II experiment, using a four-dimensional unbinned maximum likelihood fit. We describe promising experimental signatures and correlations between observables. The use of lepton-universality violating ∆-observables significantly reduces uncertainties in the SM expectations due to QCD and resonance effects and is ideally suited for Belle II with the large data sets expected in the next decade. Thanks to the clean experimental environment of an e+e− machine, Belle II should be able to probe BSM physics in the Wilson coefficients C7 and C 7 ′ , which appear at low q2 in the di-electron channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current inverter control strategies have limitations in suppressing grid resonance, especially in complex grid environments with high penetration of renewable energy sources. These strate-gies often focus on suppressing resonance at a single frequency point, but their effectiveness is constrained when dealing with multi-band resonance or dynamically changing grid conditions. The study investigates the application of parallel-operated inverters in the grid, particularly their impact on grid stability. A novel active damping strategy is developed to enhance the grid's dynamic response and suppress grid resonance. The effectiveness of the control strategy is verified through simulation by establishing Norton equivalent circuit models for multiple in-verters. Fast Through simulation, this study comprehensively evaluates the performance and adaptability of the strategy under various conditions. Results demonstrate that implementing the active damping strategy increases the inverter output power from 9.5 kW to 10 kW, an im-provement of 5.26%. System response time is reduced from 50 ms to 30 ms, and post-stabilization fluctuations decrease to 1.5%. These data conclusively prove the effectiveness of the control strategy in enhancing grid stability and reducing resonance effects. The findings underscore the potential of active damping strategies in improving grid performance and in-verter efficiency. However, further research and optimization are necessary to assess the adapt-ability of these strategies under different grid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanomaterials have emerged as compelling candidates for ultrafast photonics applications, owing to their outstanding saturable absorption properties induced by surface plasmon resonance effects. In recent years, the exploration of saturable absorbers has encompassed noble to non-noble metals as well as diverse structures such as clusters, nanowires and nanoplates. Herein, we comprehensively elucidate the operational principles of metal nanomaterials in ultrafast lasers, including the surface plasmon resonance effect and their complex optical properties. Furthermore, recent advancements in metal nanomaterials utilized in ultrafast lasers have been systematically summarized and classified according to the dimensional structure that profoundly affects their properties. Moreover, the operating parameters of saturable absorbers based on metal nanomaterials are listed in detail. Finally, we look ahead to further directions of metal nanomaterials in ultrafast photonics, presenting explorations in metasurfaces, potential alternatives, and novel integration methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porphyrins were identified some years ago as a promising, easily accessible, and tunable class of organic photoredox catalysts, but a systematic study on the effect of the electronic nature and of the position of the substituents on both the ground-state and the excited-state redox potentials of these compounds is still lacking. We prepared a set of known functionalized porphyrin derivatives containing different substituents either in one of the meso positions or at a β-pyrrole carbon, and we determined their ground- and (singlet) excited-state redox potentials. We found that while the estimated singlet excited-state energies are essentially unaffected by the introduction of substituents, the redox potentials (both in the ground- and in the singlet excited-state) depend on the electron-withdrawing or electron-donating nature of the substituents. Thus, the presence of groups with electron-withdrawing resonance effects results in an enhancement of the reduction facility of the photocatalyst, both in the ground and in the excited state. We next prepared a second set of four previously unknown meso-substituted porphyrins, having a benzoyl group at different positions. The reduction facility of the porphyrin increases with the proximity of the substituent to the porphine core, reaching a maximum when the benzoyl substituent is introduced at a meso position. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an experimental study of the spin rectification effects produced by ferromagnetic resonance in a NiFe wire. A system of four independent nonmagnetic contact probes was used to supply both rf and dc currents to the wire and to measure dc voltages at different locations in the wire. The rf current drives the ferromagnet's magnetization into resonance and produces a dc photovoltage which results from the rectification of rf current in the ferromagnet with oscillating magnetization. Our 4-probe system provided a means to detect the photovoltage and separate contributions from the ferromagnet/nonmagnet contacts and the bulk of the ferromagnet. The contact photovoltage was found to increase approximately linearly with the dc bias applied to the wire. In contrast, the bulk contribution was found to be almost independent of the dc bias. By tuning properties of individual contact probes we were able to change the magnitude of the contact photovoltage and even reverse its sign. Our results highlight the different contributions to photovoltage and the importance of contact properties/nonlinearities for rectification effects in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hypothesis of chaotic population dynamics was proposed in ecology by Robert May in the mid-1970s. At that time the idea was controversial, and it remains a fascinating and unsettled issue today. We report the results of a 20-year laboratory research programme that continued in the tradition of the pioneering ecologist Thomas Park using the Tribolium flour beetle model. We present biological evidence of complex population dynamics – including bifurcations, chaos, saddle nodes, phase switching, resonance effects, and multiple attractors – by using a low-dimensional difference equation model for Tribolium together with carefully designed, conducted, and statistically analysed experiments. The model, parameterized with data, also explains the results of historical Tribolium experiments, such as the classical competition studies of Thomas Park and his colleagues. Our research programme has inspired other studies using the Tribolium mathematical and laboratory model. This work was conducted by a multidisciplinary team, which included Jim Cushing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an ultra-wideband absorber spanning from UV-B to middle-IR was designed and analyzed using a novel structure. The multilayer metamaterial, arranged from bottom to top, consisted of an Al metal layer, a lower SiO2 layer, a graphite layer, another SiO2 layer, a thin Ti layer, and a top SiO2 layer. The top layer of SiO2 had a 200 nm square cavity etched out, and then a square Ti nanopillar and a square Ti hollow outside a Ti nanopillar were embedded. This specific arrangement was chosen to maximize the absorption properties across a broad spectrum. The absorption spectrum of the designed absorber was thoroughly analyzed using the commercial finite element analysis software COMSOL Multiphysics® (version 6.0). This analysis confirmed that the combination of these various components achieved perfect absorption and an ultra-wideband response. The synergistic interaction between the layers and the nanopillars structure contributed significantly to the absorber's efficiency, making it a promising candidate for applications requiring broad-spectrum absorption. The comprehensive analyses of the parameters for different structures demonstrated that the effects of guided-mode resonance, coupling resonance, optical impedance matching, and propagating surface plasmon resonance existed in the investigated structure. The optimal model, determined through analyses using COMSOL Multiphysics®, showed that the broadband absorption in the range of 270 to 3600 nm, spanning from UV-B to middle-IR, exceeded 90.0%. The average absorption rate within this range was 0.967, with the highest reaching a near-perfect absorptivity of 99.9%. We also compared three absorption spectra in this study: the t1–t6 flat structure, the t1–t5 flat structure with t6 featuring a square cavity, and the structure proposed in this study. This demonstrates that a square nanopillar and a square hollow embedded in a square cavity can enhance the absorptive properties of the absorber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the influence of varying shaft steelwork stiffness on the stability of horizontal mass displacements, which are crucial elements of a conveyance-shaft steelwork system, is a significant step in evaluating the risk of parametric vibrations in steel constructions. While the Rayleigh method is limited to the first approximation in the solution to this analysis, it still provides valuable insights. Our examination indicates that the impact of a varying shaft steelwork system may not be noticeable in practical applications. This is a significant finding, as it suggests that the impact of varying stiffness in real working objects may be ignored, because the increase in the parametric resonance effects is negligible. This underscores the importance of our research in understanding the stability of steel constructions. This research, which involves theoretical analysis, simplifies the dynamic analysis of the conveyance-shaft steelwork system's behavior. The result of the performed analysis is a valuable equation for predicting stable work in real hoist installations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microfluidics made of dimethylpolysiloxane were developed for chemical synthesis using microwave heating at 24.125 GHz, and microwave efficiency was enhanced by the microwave resonance effect. In addition, the device was fabricated using a mold created using a 3D printer to reduce production costs. The microchip structure comprised a post‐wall waveguide and a microchannel that passed through the waveguide. This post‐wall waveguide also comprises metal columns (post‐wall) instead of a conductor side wall, and easily introduces microchannels through the gaps between the metal columns. The waveguide length was adjusted to achieve a resonance frequency of 24 GHz using an electromagnetic wave simulation, assuming that the microchannel was filled with pure water. Microwaves with an input power of 4 W caused a maximum temperature increase of 93 °C; this result is ~10 °C higher than that of a microchip with non‐resonant structure. In this study, Ag nanoparticles were synthesized using a chemical reaction induced by microwave irradiation of a chip flow system. Owing to irradiating the mixing reagent with microwaves of an input power of 4 W while controlling the flow rate at 0.7 μl/min, the formation of Ag nanoparticles with an average particle size of ~19.2 ± 2.4 nm was demonstrated by absorbance measurements and dynamic light scattering. It is expected that microwave microfluidics enhanced by the resonance effect will substantialize nanoparticle synthesis and high‐efficiency automated chemical synthesis combined with multichemical unit operations. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we pioneered the synthesis of nanoflower-shaped TiO2-supported Au photocatalysts and investigated their properties. Au nanoflowers (Au NFs) were prepared by a Na-citrate and hydroquinone-based preparation method, followed by wet impregnation of the derived Au NFs on the surface of TiO2 nanorods (TNR). A uniform and homogeneous distribution of Au NFs was observed in the TNR + NF(0.7) sample (lower Na-citrate concentration), while their distribution was heterogeneous in the TNR + NF(1.4) sample (higher Na-citrate concentration). The UV-Vis DR spectra revealed the size- and shape-dependent optical properties of the Au NFs, with the LSPR effect observed in the visible region. The solid-state EPR spectra showed the presence of Ti3+, oxygen vacancies and electron interactions with organic compounds on the catalyst surface. In the case of the TNR + NF(0.7) sample, high photocatalytic activity was observed in the H2-assisted reduction of NO2 to N2 at room temperature under visible-light illumination. In contrast, the TNR + NF(1.4) catalyst as well as the heat-treated samples showed no ability to reduce NO2 under visible light, indicating the presence of deformed Au NFs limiting the LSPR effect. These results emphasized the importance of the choice of synthesis method, as this could strongly influence the photocatalytic activity of the Au NFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of microwave sources and detection circuits has led to the design of very compact electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) instruments, so-called EPR on-a-chip (EPRoC). As recently demonstrated, this approach also offers opportunities for electrical detection of magnetic resonance (EDMR), a variant of EPR in which the magnetic resonance effect is detected via changes in the electrical properties of materials or devices. Here, we report the demonstration of EDMRoC on lateral SiC MOSFETs under charge pumping (CP) conditions. The detected CP current gives direct access to microscopic information about the recombination centers within the transistor gate inversion region under the gate dielectric. Efficient and selective microwave excitation of the region of interest of the device can be obtained by only modest modifications to both the MOSFET and the EPRoC electronic board. A comparative study between EDMRoC and a traditional resonant cavity configuration reveals comparable signal-to-noise ratios for CP-detected EDMR spectra. In addition to space- and cost-efficiency, EDMRoC offers alternative detection modes with scanning and modulation of the microwave frequency, as well as potentially easier sample mounting and exchange. We end with a discussion of the advantages, limitations, and perspectives of the EDMRoC set-up compared to EDMR in a conventional EPR spectrometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The patent transfer (PT) has been an essential means of technological catch-up and control for countries and regions. The development and diffusion of PT is influenced by space and network. Analyzing China’s patent transfer network (PTN) from 2001 to 2020 through spatial and complex network analysis, we found that the PTN became denser with significant Matthew effect, hierarchical and small-world properties. Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen remained as national hubs, while new hubs like Suzhou, Guangzhou, Foshan, and Hangzhou, acting as intermediates, emerged. Network communities become more homogenised and geographically clustered due to the resonance effect. There was a shift from disperse hubs to spatial agglomerations, with the construction of long-distance shortcuts breaking spatial constraints on intercity patent transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of peripheral substitution and the nature of the macroheterocyclic heteroatoms on the basicity of hydrophilic 5,10,15,20-tetraarylporphyrins in the lowest excited singlet S1 state was studied using absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. The basicity of the porphyrins themselves in the lowest excited singlet S1 state was found to decrease as compared to the ground S0 state. The difference in basicity constants pKa depended on the nature of electronic communication between the macrocycle and peripheral substituents. In the case of an inductive effect of the substituents, the difference in the basicity constants pKa was small, while mesomeric effects led to significant differences in the pKa values. The cooperative nature of protonation, leading to almost simultaneous addition of two protons, was shown to be preserved in both cases. Replacement of a pyrrole with a thiophene in the macroheterocycle led to a decrease in cooperativity in both the ground S0 and the lowest excited singlet S1 states. The basicity constants characterizing the addition of the second and third protons by thia-substituted porphyrin differed significantly in the S1 state (pKa2 – pKa1 = 2), while they were close in the ground state. The activation entropy change ΔΔS‡ upon protonation of the porphyrins in the lowest excited S1 state was compared to that in the ground S0 state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the design and analysis of a novel surface plasmon resonance sensor based on D-type photonic crystal fiber. The analyte channel in the sensor comprises an open ring with a thin gold film deposited on the channel, inducing the surface plasmon resonance effect to enhance the resonance effect and improve the spectral sensitivity of the sensor. The proposed design eliminates the need to introduce liquid into the analyte channel. Upon inserting the sensor into the vessel, the analyte automatically flows into the liquid channel. Simulations illustrate the capability of the proposed sensor to detect low refractive indices spanning from 1. 1 5 to 1. 2 6 , exhibiting a remarkable spectral sensitivity of up to 9000 nm/RIU. The surface plasmon resonance sensor presented in this study emerges as a competitive candidate for applications requiring low refractive index detection. It is all because of its promising sensing results, wide refractive index sensing range, and simple, compact fiber design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, Cu-Ag and Cu-Zr bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) were embedded into VO2/VO2/VO2 tri-layer films by using pulsed laser deposition. The results showed that Cu-Ag and Cu-Zr NPs have a significant regulating effect on the crystallinity and surface morphology of VO2 films. In comparison to Cu-Ag NPs, Cu-Zr NPs exhibit a much milder degree of surface morphology regulating influence on VO2 films. The introduction of Cu-Ag and Cu-Zr nanoparticles leads to a completely different surface morphology of VO2 films. Owing to the ability to adjust the surface of the VO2 film to be granular, the resulting local surface plasmon resonance effect effectively modulates the spectral curve, thereby enhancing the thermochromic properties of the composite films. Both Cu-Ag and Cu-Zr NPs can significantly improve the thermochromic properties of VO2 films. And high luminous transmittance (Tlum = 74.6%) and high solar modulation ability (ΔTsol = 8.4%) were simultaneously achieved when the pulse number for depositing Cu-Zr NPs was 100. Additionally, the transmission spectrum of the composite films was simulated by using the finite-difference-time-domain method, and the growth mechanism of the composite films was explored. This work provides a guidance on controlling the morphology of VO2 films by Cu-based bimetallic NPs, which will promote the application of VO2 films in smart windows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] To cope with the demand of more complex and variable applications, it is urgent to develop dual-mode triggered, breathable, and shape-memory wearable heaters for all-weather personal thermal management of composite phase change materials (PCMs). Herein, after high-temperature carbonization of ZnCo-MOF (metal–organic framework) nanosheet array grown in situ on flexible and breathable carbon cloth (CC) and subsequent encapsulation of polyethylene glycol (PEG), the as-prepared PEG/CC@Co/CNT (carbon nanotube) composite PCMs exhibited good breathability, mechanical strength (tensile strength of 9.15 MPa), thermal energy storage density (114.19 J/g), and shape memory due to the synergy of flexible CC skeleton and rigid PEG. More importantly, composite PCMs possessed excellent solar-thermal (93.7 %, 100 mW/cm2) and electro-thermals (94.5 %, 2.0 V) conversion and storage capacity, benefiting from the conjugation effect of high graphitized carbon/carbon heterostructure with fast electron/photon/phonon transmission and the localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Co nanoparticles. Therefore, the integration of solar heating and Joule heating into breathable composite PCMs can be accurately used for next-generation all-weather, all-season, dual-mode triggered personal thermal management, including indoor/outdoor, daytime/night, rainy/cloudy and other complex and changeable scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) refractive index (RI) sensor based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect is proposed. By introducing a smiley-faced hole and Ag-TiO2 composite micro-grating, the high RI sensing performances can be realized. With finite element method, the propagation characteristics of the proposed D-shaped SPR-PCF RI sensor are numerically investigated. The simulation results show that the average wavelength sensitivity (WS) is 5400 nm/RIU, and the maximum WS can reach 15,500 nm/RIU in the RI range from 1.30 to 1.39. Besides, the proposed D-shaped SPR-PCF RI sensor can obtain the maximum resolution (R) of 4.95 × 10−5RIU and the maximum figure of merit (FOM) of 423.78 RIU−1, respectively. It is believed that the proposed SPR-PCF RI sensor has potential applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, biomedical analysis, and food safety management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the influence of soil with finite depth on the vibrational behavior of a multi-span continuous beam resting on an elastic foundation. The simplified model of the Timoshenko beam supported on soil with finite depth is established, introducing the foundation displacement decay function. The numerical solution of the continuous beam's vibration response on the elastic foundation is obtained by using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and fourth-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4). Taking a two-span continuous beam as an illustrative example, the validity of the calculation theory is validated by comparing it with the outcomes obtained from the finite element method (FEM). Utilizing numerical computation and parametric analysis, the vibration response of continuous beams is evaluated in terms of its influence by various factors such as soil thickness, viscous damping coefficient of the soil, subgrade reaction coefficient, and span ratio. The findings indicate that the inertial motion of the soil with a finite depth significantly reduces the continuous beam's inherent frequency and enhances the structure's resonance effect. The rise of the subgrade response coefficient increases the system's resonant frequency while decreasing the displacement response amplitude. The ratio between the adjacent spans determines the effect of beam span vibration energy transfer to adjacent spans. In addition, compared with the span directly excited by a concentrated harmonic load, the impact of soil thickness, subgrade reaction coefficient, and viscous damping, the coefficient of the soil is more significant on the indirect influence span of a continuous beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The present paper reports the fabrication of novel types of hybrid fibrous photocatalysts by combining block copolymer (BCP) templating, sol–gel processing, and coaxial electrospinning techniques. Coaxial electrospinning produces core–shell nanofibers (NFs), which are converted into hollow porous TiO 2 NFs using an oxidative calcination step. Hybrid BCP micelles comprising a single plasmonic nanoparticle (NP) in their core and thereof derived silica-coated core–shell particles are utilized as precursors to generate yolk-shell type particulate inclusions in photocatalytically active NFs. The catalytic and photocatalytic activity of calcined NFs comprising different types of yolk-shell particles is systematically investigated and compared. Interestingly, calcined NFs comprising silica-coated yolk-shells demonstrate enhanced catalytic and photocatalytic performance despite the presence of silica shell separating plasmonic NP from the TiO 2 matrix. Electromagnetic simulations indicate that this enhancement is caused by a localized surface plasmon resonance and a confinement effect in silica-coated yolk-shells embedded in porous TiO 2 NFs. Utilization of the coaxially electrospun TiO 2 NFs in combination with yolk-shells comprising plasmonic NPs reveals to be a potent method for the photocatalytic decomposition of numerous pollutants. It is worth noting that this study stands as the first occurrence of combining yolk-shells (Au@void@SiO 2) with porous electrospun NFs (TiO 2) for photocatalytic purposes and gaining an understanding of plasmon and confinement effects for photocatalytic performance. This approach represents a promising route for fabricating highly active and up-scalable fibrous photocatalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider an abstract linear wave equation with a time-dependent dissipation that decays at infinity with the so-called scale invariant rate, which represents the critical case. We do not assume that the coefficient of the dissipation term is smooth, and we investigate the effect of its oscillations on the decay rate of solutions. We prove a decay estimate that holds true regardless of the oscillations. Then we show that oscillations that are too fast have no effect on the decay rate, while oscillations that are in resonance with one of the frequencies of the elastic part can alter the decay rate. In the proof we first reduce ourselves to estimating the decay of solutions to a family of ordinary differential equations, then by using polar coordinates we obtain explicit formulae for the energy decay of these solutions, so that in the end the problem is reduced to the analysis of the asymptotic behavior of suitable oscillating integrals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Sleep disturbance is the most common concern of patients with schizophrenia and can lead to a poor prognosis, a low survival rate and aggressive behaviour, posing a significant threat to social security and stability. The aim of this study was to explore the mediating role of depression in the relationship between sleep disturbance and aggressive behaviour in people with schizophrenia living in the community, as well as the regulatory role of family intimacy and adaptability. These findings, in turn, may provide a theoretical basis and constructive suggestions for addressing the physical and mental health problems of these patients. Method: From September 2020 to August 2021, a convenience sampling method was used to select schizophrenia patients from the community attending follow-up appointments at the Fourth People's Hospital of Pengzhou City, China. The researchers conducted a survey in the form of a star questionnaire. The survey included questions about general demographic data and disease-related questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the revised Chinese version of the Modified Over Aggression Scale (MOAS), the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale, Second Edition. FACES-II and SPSS 21.0 were used to organize and analyse the data. Results: A total of 818 schizophrenia patients living in the community participated in the survey, and 785 valid questionnaires were ultimately collected, for a response rate of 95.97%. The results of multivariate analysis indicated that sex, number of psychiatric medications used, outpatient follow-up, history of hospitalization for mental disorders and sleep disturbances were factors influencing aggressive behaviour. Depression played a partial mediating role between sleep disturbance and aggressive behaviour, and the indirect effect size was 0.043 (57.33% of the total). In addition to sleep disturbance, family intimacy (β=-0.009, P < 0.01) and adaptability (β=-0.145, P < 0.001) can significantly predict depression. Conclusion: The findings indicate that sleep disturbance in schizophrenia patients in the community is a risk factor for aggressive behaviour, and depression plays a partial mediating role in the relationship among sleep disturbance, aggressive behaviour and family intimacy. In addition, adaptability plays a regulatory role in the relationship between depression and sleep disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly sensitive, selective and recyclable histidine detection method based on magnetic Fe3O4@mTiO2 (M-TiO2) nanocomposites with SERRS was developed. Mesoporous M-TiO2 nanoparticles were functionalized with 4-aminothiophenol and then coupled with histidine through an azo coupling reaction in 5 min, producing the corresponding azo compound. The strong and specific SERRS response of the azo product allowed for ultrasensitive and selective detection for histidine with an M-TiO2 device loaded with Ag NPs due to the molecular resonance effect and plasmonic effect of Ag NPs under a 532 nm excitation laser. The sensitivity was further enhanced with the magnetic enrichment of M-TiO2. The limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 8.00 × 10−12 mol/L. The M-TiO2 demonstrated applicability towards histidine determination in human urine without any sample pretreatment. Additionally, the M-TiO2 device can be recycled for 3 cycles with the photodegradation of the azo product under UV irradiation due to TiO2-assisted and plasmon-enhanced photocatalysis. In summary, a multifunctional and recyclable M-TiO2 device was synthesized based on azo coupling and SERRS spectroscopy for ultra-sensitive and specific histidine sensing. In addition, the proposed system demonstrated the potential for the multiplex determination of toxic compounds in the fields of food safety, industrial production and environmental protection, which benefit from the fingerprint property and universality of SERRS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between ether naphthotube and a series of dication guests in organic solution were investigated. It was found that ether naphthotube formed stable host‐guest complexes selectively with these guests in a 1 : 1 stoichiometric ratio with association constants ranging from 102 to 106 M−1, which were confirmed by 1H‐NMR spectra and ITC experiments. The host‐guest interactions are driven by enthalpy change as the entropic factors are unfavorable. Positive correlations between ΔH and ΔS have been observed in the host‐guest complexes. Furthermore, the para‐substitution of the guests can significantly affect the binding affinities through a combination of field/inductive and resonance effects by following a linear free energy relationship. Based on the host‐guest complexes composed of ether naphthotube and organic cations, two interlocked [2]rotaxanes were prepared by cationization reaction and Huisgen cycloaddition between the cations and the stopper components. The ether naphthotube‐based host‐guest complexes are useful for creating sophisticated interlocked molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological processes within living systems. With the advent of materdicine, an array of nanomaterials has been intricately engineered to influence the redox equilibrium in biological milieus, thereby pioneering a distinctive therapeutic paradigm predicated on ROS‐centric biochemistry. Among these, two‐dimensional carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, collectively known as MXenes, stand out due to their multi‐valent and multi‐elemental compositions, large surface area, high conductivity, and pronounced local surface plasmon resonance effects, positioning them as prominent contributors in ROS modulation. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements in harnessing MXenes for catalytic redox reactions in various biological applications, including tumor, anti‐infective, and anti‐inflammatory therapies. The emphasis lies on elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of MXenes, involving both pro‐oxidation and anti‐oxidation processes, underscoring the redox‐related therapeutic applications facilitated by self‐catalysis, photo‐excitation, and sono‐excitation properties of MXenes. Furthermore, this review highlights the existing challenges and outlines future development trends in leveraging MXenes for ROS‐involving disease treatments, marking a significant step towards the integration of these nanomaterials into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart rate and vascular tension baroreflex exhibit resonance characteristics at approximately 0.1 and 0.03 Hz. In this study, we aimed to induce postural resonance (PR) through rhythmic postural adjustments. To assess the viability of this technique, we investigated the acute impacts of postural resonance on blood pressure, sympathetic nerve activity, and mood. Fifteen healthy study participants, consisting of 8 males and 7 females, were selected for this self-controlled study. Skin sympathetic nerve activity was continuously monitored during both the intervention and stress test on the experimental day. After PR intervention, the diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure in the PR group exhibited significant reductions compared to the CON group (P = 0.032, CON = 71.67 ± 2.348, PR = 64.08 ± 2.35; P = 0.041, CON = 75.00 ± 2.17, PR = 81.67 ± 2.17). After PR intervention both left brachial ankle pulse wave velocity and right brachial ankle pulse wave velocity exhibited a significant reduction compared to pre-intervention levels (from 1115.86 ± 150.08 to 1048.43 ± 127.40 cm/s, p < 0.001; 1103.86 ± 144.35 to 1060.43 ± 121.35 cm/s, p = 0.018). PR intervention also led to a significant decrease in burst frequency and duration (P = 0.049; CON = 8.96 ± 1.17, PR = 5.51 ± 1.17) and a noteworthy decrease in burst amplitude and burst threshold during the cold-pressor test (P = 0.002; P = 0.002). Additionally, VAS scores exhibited a substantial increase following PR (P = 0.035, CON = 28.4 ± 4.49, PR = 42.17 ± 4.10). PR can induce resonance effects within the cardiovascular system, resulting in the effective reduction of blood pressure, skin sympathetic nerve activity and pulse wave velocity, and decreased burst amplitude and burst threshold of the sympathetic nerve during the cold-pressor test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewed interest in nonlinear wave–wave coupling phenomena is motivated by the observations of radiation belt storm probes (RBSP) in the Earth's magnetosphere. The recent studies on this subject are mainly limited to the qualitative explanations of RBSP satellites observations. In magnetized plasmas like solar wind, Earth's magnetosphere and many astrophysical environments electrons and ions spiraling along magnetic field lines during cyclotron motion can interfere with the turbulent wave–wave coupling phenomena. This work quantitatively shows that cyclotron resonance plays a complementary role in understanding the turbulent wave–wave coupling in magnetized plasma. It is considered that electrons are in cyclotron resonance with very-low-frequency (VLF) waves, which are coupled with Langmuir oscillations and ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves. Several illustrative examples are presented. It is found that the resonant electron pitch angles and energy seriously affect the coupling of VLF, ULF, and Langmuir waves. Our findings are important for understanding turbulence in magnetotail region of Earth's magnetosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extended-MHD modeling of planned Runaway Electron Mitigation Coils (REMC) for SPARC and DIII-D is performed with the NIMROD code. A coil has been designed for each machine, with the two differing in shape and location, but both having n = 1 symmetry (with n the toroidal mode number). Compared to previous modeling efforts, three improvements are made to the simulations boundary conditions. First a resistive wall model is used in place of an ideal wall. Second, the ThinCurr code is used to compute the time-dependent 3D fields used as magnetic boundary conditions for the simulations. Third, the simulation boundary is moved from the first-wall location to the Vacuum Vessel (VV), which extends the boundary past the location of the internal REMC. To remove the 3D coil from the simulation domain, an equivalent set of 3D fields is calculated at the VV boundary that produce approximately the same field distribution at the last closed flux surface assuming vacuum between the two. Each of these three boundary condition improvements leads to an improvement in the predicted performance of the REMC for both machines. The resistive wall alone primarily effects the resonance of the coil with the plasma after the TQ, affecting the q-profile evolution in the SPARC modeling, and allowing the applied spectrum to be modified in response to the plasma in the DIII-D modeling. The movement of the simulation boundary has the most significant effect on the RE confinement overall, including in the early stages, particularly for a DIII-D inner wall limited equilibrium, where the RE loss fraction increases from 90% to > 99%, with SPARC RE losses also occurring much earlier when the boundary is placed at the VV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a refractive index (RI) sensor is presented on the basis of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect of double-ring hollow-core anti-resonant fiber (DR-HC-ARF), which has great sensitivity and wide detection range. In the design, the DR-HC-ARF consists of 12 silica tubes in two layers inside and outside, with the X-forward inner silica tube filled with gold wire. The simulation results indicated that the achievable maximum sensitivity, minimum resolution, and largest figure of merit of the DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire are −20600 nm/RIU, 4.85 × 10−6 RIU, and 615.79 RIU−1, respectively, when measuring using the confinement loss approach. The maximum sensitivity, minimum resolution, and largest birefringence of the DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire are −21200 nm/RIU, 4.71 × 10−6 RIU, and 2.38 × 10−4, respectively, for the birefringence analysis approach. The ultrahigh RI sensitivity of DR-HC-ARF sensor filled with gold wire paves a promising way on the applications in the field of biochemical detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a theory that explains the resonance effect of the vibrational strong coupling (VSC) modified reaction rate constant at the normal incidence of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) cavity. This analytic theory is based on a mechanistic hypothesis that cavity modes promote the transition from the ground state to the vibrational excited state of the reactant, which is the rate-limiting step of the reaction. This mechanism for a single molecule coupled to a single-mode cavity has been confirmed by numerically exact simulations in our recent work in [J. Chem. Phys. 159, 084104 (2023)]. Using Fermi's golden rule (FGR), we formulate this rate constant for many molecules coupled to many cavity modes inside a FP microcavity. The theory provides a possible explanation for the resonance condition of the observed VSC effect and a plausible explanation of why only at the normal incident angle there is the resonance effect, whereas, for an oblique incidence, there is no apparent VSC effect for the rate constant even though both cases generate Rabi splitting and forming polariton states. On the other hand, the current theory cannot explain the collective effect when a large number of molecules are collectively coupled to the cavity, and future work is required to build a complete microscopic theory to explain all observed phenomena in VSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resonance circuit's design has a major influence on the inductive electric vehicle (EV) charging system's performance and the distance between the primary and secondary inductive coils. If resonance circuitry is not included in an inductive power transfer (IPT) system, its performance suffers dramatically and its power transfer efficiency suffers significantly. Furthermore, the design of the resonance circuit has a major impact on the rating as well as the voltage and current strains on the semiconductor switches. The sequence, amplitude, and shape of the waveform are determined by the configuration of the energy storage components. The arrangement of these components is critical in defining how the inductive power transfer system behaves and operates. A few popular architectures play an important role in shaping how the system works. In this paper, the significance and effect of resonance circuits on the inductive charging of electric vehicles have been reviewed and discussed comprehensively. Furthermore, a detailed discussion was presented for the second-order resonance circuit, the higher-order resonance circuit, and the hybrid resonance circuit. Additionally, H-bridge resonant inverter topology was discussed and three main resonant architectures for the H-bridge inverter were studied inclusively. They include the inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) resonance architecture, switched inductor-capacitor (SLC) resonance architecture, and High-gain resonance architecture. Also, a comparison of these architectures was done and represented in tabular form. Lastly, an analysis of the effect of frequency variations in the resonant circuit architectures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent materials with narrowband emission show great potential for diverse applications in optoelectronics. Purely organic phosphors with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) have made significant success in rationally manipulating quantum efficiency, lifetimes, and colour gamut in the past years, but there is limited attention on the purity of the RTP colours. Herein we report a series of closed-loop molecules with narrowband phosphorescence by multiple resonance effect, which significantly improves the colour purity of RTP. Phosphors show narrowband phosphorescence with full width at half maxima (FWHM) of 30 nm after doping into a rigid benzophenone matrix under ambient conditions, of which the RTP efficiency reaches 51.8%. At 77 K, the FWHM of phosphorescence is only 11 nm. Meanwhile, the colour of narrowband RTP can be tuned from sky blue to green with the modification of methyl groups. Additionally, the potential applications in X-ray imaging and display are demonstrated. This work not only outlines a design principle for developing narrowband RTP materials but also makes a major step forward extending the potential applications of narrowband luminescent materials in optoelectronics. Luminescent materials with narrowband emissions are vital for optoelectronic applications. Here, the authors achieve room temperature phosphorescence with a FWHM of 30 nm through the multiple resonance effect and showcase its practical application in X-ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narrow width of optical absorption of conducting polymers and photons energy losses have been the challenges for fabricating highly efficient thin-film organic solar cell. Nickel-doped silver nanoclusters (Ni/Ag NCs) are employed here to capture more photons using polymers blend solar absorber medium to improve solar cell performances. The poly-3-hexylthiophene and (6-6)phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester molecules blend were used a solar absorber layer in this investigation. The solar cells fabricated with NCs exhibited enhanced opt-electronic properties compared to the reference solar cell. Consequently, the experimental results suggest that the power conversion efficiency (PCE) has substantially increased with the incorporations of NCs in absorber layer, which is dependent on the concentrations of NCs in the medium. The maximum PCE achieved, in this work, is η = 6.2% at 2% of NCs by weight, which has exhibited to the lowest energy losses compared to other doping levels. This improvement in PCE is attributed to the occurrence of local surface plasmon resonance effect due to the inclusion of Ni/Ag NCs in polymer matrix. The results provide valuable insights on the use of Ni/Ag NCs for efficient photons capture in thin-film polymers blend medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In urban environments, buildings are often seismically designed with their standalone response, such as isolated structures devoid of surrounding structures. Nonetheless, there is always a chance that a significant seismic interaction between nearby buildings through the underlying soil will occur in big urban areas with high building densities. This paper evaluates the Site-City interaction (SCI) between different city block arrangements under seismic excitation given different parameters of the buildings and centre-to-centre interbuilding distances. A database of strong ground motion records with Far- Field, Near-Field Without Pulse and Near-Field Pulse-Like characteristics are employed. The results suggest that the SCI effects were strongly influenced by the building properties and resonance effects of the soil stratum. Furthermore, as a mean for all the earthquakes considered here, the SCI can amplify or reduce the seismic response of the buildings, depending on the relative position between the city blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalysts with different molar ratios of Ag-modified ZnO to g-C3N4 were prepared through an electrostatic self-assembly method and characterized through techniques such as X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The resulting Ag-ZnO/g-C3N4 photocatalysts exhibited a unique 1D-0D-2D morphology and Z-type heterojunction. Moreover, g-C3N4 nanosheets with large layer spacing were prepared using acid treatment and thermal stripping methods. The Z-type heterostructure and localized surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag nanowires enabled high-speed electron transfer between the materials, while retaining large amounts of active substances, and broadened the light response range. Because of these features, the response current of the materials improved, and their impedance and photoluminescence reduced. Among the synthesized photocatalysts, 0.05Ag-ZnO/g-C3N4 (molar ratio of g-C3N4/ZnO: 0.05) exhibited the highest photocatalytic performance under UV–visible light. It degraded 98% of methylene blue in just 30 min, outperforming both g-C3N4 (21% degradation in 30 min) and Ag-ZnO (84% degradation in 30 min). In addition, 0.05Ag-ZnO/g-C3N4 demonstrated high cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Ag@ZnO core–shell nanostructures were prepared via the wet chemical method and were then dissolved in methanol and drop cast onto a p–Si wafer. Experimental current–voltage measurements of the Ag@ZnO/p–Si heterojunction device were investigated under both visible and UV illumination of 365 and 395 nm. The photocurrent, responsivity, detectivity, and on/off ratio were found to be dependent on the light intensity of visible light and wavelength of UV light. The low photocurrent at low light intensities and its rapid increase at high light intensities was attributed to the recombination of electrons and holes and also to the presence of traps at low light intensities. The responsivity and detectivity of the photodiode reach 1.32 A/W and 5.47 × 1011 Jones, respectively at 365 nm. On the contrary, the high performance under UV light was explained by the surface plasmon resonance between Ag and ZnO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of photocatalysts that effectively utilize low-energy photons for efficient photocatalysis still faces a number of challenges. Herein, an efficient NIR-driven system based on WO 3-x /ZnIn 2 S 4 (WO 3-x /ZIS) prepared by a simple low-temperature water-bath method, and the optimal WO 3-x /ZIS-3 composites can reach a hydrogen-production efficiency of 14.05 μmol g-1h−1 under NIR light irradiation. The localized surface plasmon (LSPR) resonance effect in WO 3-x quantum dots (QDs) not only broadens the ZIS photo-response range, but also the photothermal effect of WO 3-x can increase the local reaction temperature of WO 3-x /ZIS composite system, thus enhancing the photothermal-assisted photocatalytic activity. In addition, density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that the difference in work function between WO 3-x and ZIS can lead to the formation of interfacial electric field (IEF), which not only promotes the separation and migration efficiency of photogenerated carriers, but also facilitates the photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen production. This study provides possible directions for the construction of NIR-driven photothermal-assisted photocatalytic hydrogen production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative local electrostatic gyrokinetic eigenvalue code is developed for the ion-temperature-gradient-driven mode, the trapped-electron mode (TEM), and the electron-temperature-gradient (ETG)-driven mode. It numerically solves the linear eigenvalue problem for the electrostatic drift waves in the Fourier transformed space and benchmarks well with the HD-7 code and FULL code. The linear ETG and TEM instabilities in the electron thermal internal transport barrier (eITB) with dominant electron heating in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak are analyzed by using this code. The linear analysis results are consistent with that from the critical electron-temperature-gradient threshold analysis. Moreover, the sensitivity of ETG and TEM instabilities to parameters during the eITB formation has been investigated. For the typical eITB discharge, it is found that the instability of ETG mode is more sensitive to the stabilizing effect of the electron–ion temperature ratio (τe), while the instability of TEM is more sensitive to the destabilizing effect of η e . In addition, mixing length estimation of the turbulent transport in the eITB is also discussed, which suggests that the TEM may be saturated by other nonlinear effects than the resonance broadening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to improve the efficiency of ecological environment governance and strengthen the construction of an ecological civilization society, it is necessary to stimulate the efforts of all sectors of society, including social organizations. However, the previous literature has paid less attention to the importance of social organizations in stimulating public participation in ecological and environmental supervision. Therefore, from the perspective of "behavior demonstration" and "publicity and education," based on the data of 1041 questionnaires from various provinces in China, this paper constructs a moderated mesomeric effect model to analyze the impact of environmental protection organizations, industry associations, schools, foundations and other social organizations on the willingness of public participation in ecological environmental supervision and conducts robustness tests and heterogeneity analysis. The research finds that: (1) The "behavior demonstration" and "publicity and education" incentive activities of social organizations significantly enhance the public's willingness to participate in ecological environment supervision. (2) Environmental supervision cognition plays a part of intermediary effect in the relationship between the "behavior demonstration" and "publicity and education" incentive activities of social organizations and the public's willingness to participate in ecological environment supervision. (3) In the regulatory effect, the impact of "behavior demonstration" and "publicity and education" activities of environmental protection organizations, schools and foundations and the "behavior demonstration" activities of industry associations on the public's willingness to participate in ecological environment supervision are all regulated by environmental attitudes. The process of "publicity and education" activities of industry associations affecting the public's willingness to participate in ecological environment supervision is not regulated by environmental attitudes. (4) The results of heterogeneity analysis show that the incentive activities of social organizations in coastal areas have a stronger effect on the public's willingness to participate in ecological environment supervision than those in inland areas; the willingness of students, the government and the public in public institutions to participate in ecological environment supervision are generally higher than that of employees in enterprises and other professions; the analysis of heterogeneity in psychological preferences shows that the public with altruistic preferences is more willing to participate in ecological environment supervision under social organization incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodetectors with ultrathin thickness and high efficiency are increasingly needed in the developing of wearable devices. However, the very limited active layer thickness has seriously restricted the photoelectric conversion efficiency. Here, the optical nanostructure fabricated with the assistance of self-assembly polystyrene mask layer has been integrated to increase the light absorption capacity by simultaneously utilizing the local surface plasma resonance, gap plasma, and the microcavity resonance effect. With the incorporation of triangular silver (T-Ag) nanostructure, the photogenerated current and response speed have significantly enhanced 481.25% and 26.30%, respectively. This strategy provides a viable way to design high-efficiency ultra-thin photodetectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of metal catalysis has gained prominence as a study area in recent years. In this work, we use adsorptive reduction and calcination to create Au–Pd alloy catalysts on COCN-2 with varying metal loadings. The plasma resonance effect of the alloys increases the photoresponse of the catalysts, and the engineering of nitrogen defects strengthens the strong bonds between Au–Pd alloy particles and carbon nitride graphite, optimizing the electronic structure, encouraging electron-directed migration, and increasing the efficiency of the reduction reaction. As a result, the efficiency of hydrogen generation by the Au–Pd 0.6 /COCN-2 catalyst is 5.089 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 2367 times higher than that of the g-C 3 N 4 catalyst. Our findings highlight the crucial part that flaws play in strengthening the strong bonds that exist between the metal and the support, which enhances photocatalytic hydrogen generation. This work offers insightful information about creating effective photocatalysts. • A series of Au–Pd/COCN catalysts were prepared via a facile method. • The performance of Au–Pd 0.6 /COCN-2 reached 5.089 mmol g−1 h−1, which is 2367 times higher than the pristine g-C 3 N 4. • A series of investigations were conducted to reveal the mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main scientific result of this paper is the demonstration of the fact that tidal effects induced by the Moon affect the Schumann resonance amplitudes measured at magnetometers located at different geographical locations of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Each magnetometer is paired with the closest monitoring station of the global tidal wave measurement network. This paper introduces the Schumann Resonance Complexity Index (SRCI), computed by using the calibrated H-rank algorithm on the local magnetic field data recorded by each magnetometer of the Global Coherence Monitoring System. Tidal wave data recorded at each monitoring station are also used to compute the Tidal Wave Complexity Index (TWCI). Eliminating diel cycles from the SRCI data yields significant statistical correlations between the SRCI and TWCI data, proving the hypothesis of tidal effects on the global network of magnetometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesium doped tungsten bronze (CWO) nanoparticles can selectively keep high transmittance in the visible while presenting significant shielding rate in the near-infrared region. How to further improve the optical properties of CWO based on solid state method is crucial to the industry production. Based on changing the particle size and morphology of WO3 precursors, cesium-tungsten bronze powders with different dispersivity and concentrations of Cs+ doping were successfully prepared by solid-phase method. The characterization analysis reveals that the precursors with appropriated surface area and morphology are significant to improve the dispersivity of CWO nanocrystal and increase the density of free carriers, thereby improving the small polariton absorption performance and the local surface plasmon resonance effect. The result provides an effective strategy to boost the optical property of CWO nanocrystal synthesized by optimizing the morphology and size of precursor, which is important to the industry production and practical applications in the field of energy-saving window films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]