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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the bonding effectiveness of two HEMA/BPA-free universal adhesives (UAs) to flat dentin, to characterize their adhesive-dentin interfacial ultrastructure, and to measure their water sorption (Wsp), water solubility (Wsl), and hydrophobicity. Materials and Methods: The immediate and aged (50,000 thermocycles) microtensile bond strength (μTBS) to flat dentin of the HEMA/BPA-free UAs Healbond Max (HbMax; Elsodent) and Healbond MP (HbMP; Elsodent) as well as the reference adhesives OptiBond FL (Opti-FL; Kerr), Clearfil SE Bond 2 (C-SE2; Kuraray Noritake), and Scotchbond Universal (SBU; 3M Oral Care) was measured. The adhesive-dentin interfaces of HbMax and HbMP were characterized by TEM. Wsp and Wsl of all adhesive resins and of the primer/adhesive resin mixtures of HbMax, Opti-FL, and C-SE2 were measured. Hydrophobicity was determined by measuring the contact angle of water dropped on adhesive-treated dentin. Results: In terms of μTBS, HbMax and HbMP performed statistically similarly to Opti-FL and C-SE2, but outperformed SBU. Aging only significantly reduced the μTBS of SBU when applied in E&R bonding mode. TEM revealed typical E&R and SE hybrid-layer ultrastructures at dentin, while electron-lucent globules of unknown origin, differing in size and shape, were observed within the adhesive resin of HbMP and even more frequently in that of HbMax. Higher Wsp was measured for the primer/adhesive resin mixtures than for the adhesive resins. Opti-FL was more hydrophobic than all other adhesives tested. Conclusion: The HEMA/BPA-free UAs bonded durably to flat dentin with bond strengths comparable to those of the goldstandard E&R/SE adhesives and superior to that of the HEMA/BPA-containing 1-step UA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To cope with the cross-sensitivity of simultaneous measurement of ultraviolet (UV) irradiance and temperature, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a miniature composite photoluminescent probe that is formed by thoroughly mixing Er/Yb co-doped tellurite glass powder into a resin adhesive substrate. Utilizing tellurite glass in form of powder not only guarantees its thorough mixing into the liquid resin base, but also retains its amorphous glass phase for hosting Er/Yb ions, thus breaking the limitations of studying tellurite glass only in bulk or fibrous form. Co-excited by UV radiation and NIR pumping, the composite probe produces a superimposed fluorescence emission spectrum, where the intensity change rate of the 488 nm dip can be used for UV irradiance measurement, and the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) of the 524 nm and 545 nm peaks for temperature measurement. Based on the sensitive specificity of the resin substrate and the Er/Yb co-doped tellurite glass, we have realized the simultaneous measurement of UV and temperature without cross-sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the wide application of epoxy resins in adhesives, electronic packaging materials, and aerospace fields, it is necessary to prepare high‐performance flame‐retardant epoxy resins to reduce the fire risk caused by their flammability. In this study, the rigid structure intermediate Schiff base (DMDA‐SH) was synthesized by condensation reaction of syringaldehyde (SH) with O‐Tolidine (DMDA). Then, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO, a novel P/N‐structured biobased flame‐retardant curing agent, was synthesized by addition reaction with 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxaza‐10‐phosphame‐10‐oxide (DOPO) and was applied to the preparation of intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin. As expected, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO has good flame‐retardant properties due to the synergistic action of N/P elements. Epoxy resin with only 2.5% DMDA‐SH‐DOPO (P = 0.16%) can pass the UL‐94 V‐0 test. Compared with DGEBA/DDM, DMDA‐SH‐DOPO‐7.5's (P = 0.49%) peak heat release rate was reduced by 48.4% and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) reached 27%, making it a flame‐retardant material. From the point of view of carbonaceous residue performance, the expansion height of carbon residue after DMDA‐SH‐DOPO‐7.5 combustion is significantly increased, and the amount of carbon residue at 800°C is increased by 36.4%. In addition, appropriate DMDA‐SH‐DOPO can effectively improve the bending property of epoxy resin. This study provides a new idea for preparing renewable high‐performance intrinsic flame‐retardant epoxy resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study assessed the bond strength of resin‐based restorative materials to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement (Aarhus Uinversity, Denmark) when treated with each of two one‐bottle universal adhesive systems. The cement surface (N = 256) was treated with a self‐priming adhesive and a self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing adhesive with and without etching of the cement surface. Specimens then received either resin composite or compomer restorative materials (n = 32). The bond strength was measured after 1 day and 1500 thermocycles (n = 16). The failure type was visually inspected. The cement‐adhesive‐restorative material interface was visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Restorative material type, resin adhesive system, and thermocycling had a statistically significant effect on the bond strength. Compomer restorative material and self‐etch universal adhesive system demonstrated statistically significantly higher bond strength values to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement, predominantly exhibiting cement cohesive failure. Etching the cement surface enhanced the bond strength of the self‐priming universal adhesive. Thermocycling significantly reduced the bond strength. SEM showed self‐etch universal adhesive seemingly diffused over the etched cement surface compared to other groups. Self‐etch phosphate monomer‐containing universal adhesive and compomer resulted in the highest bond strength to fast‐setting calcium silicate cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) when bonding a universal resin cement to a disilicate glass‐ceramic using different adhesive protocols. Sixty specimens were etched with 10% hydrofluoric acid (HF) for 20 s and assigned to one of four treatment protocols (n = 15): The Positive control protocol comprised use of a universal adhesive system + adhesive resin cement; the Test1 protocol comprised use of a new universal adhesive system + universal resin cement; the Test2 protocol comprised use of a silane coupling agent + universal resin cement; and the use of a universal resin cement without adhesive and silane served as the Negative control. One of the two resin cement cylinders built on each specimen in each group was used to test for 24‐h SBS, while the other was thermocycled and then tested for SBS. Data were submitted to two‐way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Weibull analysis. The negative control (24 h) showed the lowest SBS mean value. The Test2 protocol resulted in the highest SBS mean value after thermocycling. Adhesive and mixed failures were prevalent in all groups. No statistical difference in m values was observed among the groups at 24 h. After thermocycling, the two Test protocols showed the highest m values. The m values were significantly lower after thermocycling than at 24 h for all groups. After thermal aging, The Test2 protocol resulted in a statistically significantly higher SBS mean value after thermal aging than seen for the other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Material and Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the plant‐derived compound lignin (LIG) as a pretreatment of intraradicular dentin in combination with EDTA on push‐out bond strength (PBS) and nanoleakage of the glass fiber posts (GFPs) cemented using adhesive resin cement.Twenty‐eight human incisor roots were prepared for GFP cementation and divided based on dentin pretreatment: (1) CONTROL: no pretreatment, (2) EDTA: 17% EDTA for 3 min, (3) EDTA‐LIG: 17% EDTA and 2% lignin for 3 min, (4) EDTA‐PAC: 17% EDTA and 2% lignin for 3 min. The GFPs were cemented using the self‐adhesive resin cement Multilink Speed. The roots (n = 7) were sectioned into 1 mm‐thick discs and subjected to PBS testing after 1 week or 6 months. Nanoleakage was analyzed by SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using two‐factor ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05).Higher PBS was identified for the CONTROL group (p < 0.001). After 6 months, the EDTA‐LIG maintained the bond strength with a predominance of mixed failures, while the EDTA‐PAC, EDTA, and CONTROL groups showed reduction of bond strength, with a predominance of adhesive failures along with severe silver infiltration in the interface.LIG associated with EDTA as a pretreatment for intraradicular dentin shows significant potential for attaining stable bond strength and interfacial integrity of self‐adhesive resin cement to intraradicular dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study examines feasibility of incorporating waste hydrated cement paste (WHCP) and luminescent glass (LG) as sand replacements in conventional mortars. Luminescent glass aggregates (LG) were produced by initially mixing luminescent powder with adhesive resin and subsequently adding glass pellets with size smaller than 2 cm. WHCP was produced by mixing cement and water and then cured at room temperature prior to be ground into aggregate with size smaller than 2 mm. Luminescent composite mortars (WLM) were produced by replacing 50–70% of sand by WHCP and LG in which LG replaced 40% of the sand content while WHCP replaced the remaining 10–30%. The feasibility of WLM samples were assessed by their physical and luminescent properties. As results, WLM samples met requirements for constructive mortar such as flowability, drying skrinkage and porosity. At 28d, all WLM samples achieved a strength of around 45 MPa at 28 days, satisfying the strength requirements for constructive mortar. Regarding luminescence properties, all WLM samples exhibited luminescent intensity higher than the threshold of human eyes up to 8h. Luminescent decay curves followed the trend observed in luminescent powders. As such, WLM can be utilized in building projects, particularly for the auxiliary tasks related to road and bridge structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preparation of traditional wood-based panels mostly uses adhesives such as urea-formaldehyde resin and phenolic resin, which not only consumes petrochemical resources but also releases formaldehyde, posing potential health risks to the human body. Lignin, a natural adhesive in plant cells, is characterized by high reactivity, and it is expected to aid in the development of a new generation of green formaldehyde-free adhesives. However, current studies of lignin adhesives have revealed that while strides have been made in reducing formaldehyde emissions, its residual presence remains a concern, an issue which is compounded by inadequate water resistance. Dehydrogenated Polymer (DHP) has a lignin-like structure and good water resistance, offering a new option for the development of formaldehyde-free adhesives. In this paper, DHP and glucuronic acid were reacted with each other in a simulated hot-pressing environment to obtain DHP-glucuronic acid complex, and then the structure of the complex was characterized by infrared nuclear magnetic resonance to verify whether DHP can be efficiently connected with hemicellulose components under hot-pressing conditions. The results showed that the thermal condensation reaction of DHP and glucuronic acid can generate ester bonds at the Cα position in a simulated hot-pressing environment. This paper explores the thermal condensation mechanism of DHP and glucuronic acid, which is helpful for understanding the bonding process between adhesives and components of wood-based panels in the hot-pressing process, and provides key theoretical support for the design of more sustainable lignin adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central aim of adhesive dentistry is to improve the compatibility between current adhesives and a range of substrates by employing diverse application techniques. Therefore, the overarching objective of this review is to offer a comprehensive analysis of dentin bonding systems, starting with an introduction to adhesion and a detailed overview of enamel and dentin structures, their histology, and the impact of dentin structure on resin–dentin bonding. It covers the mechanisms of resin–dentin bonding, including resin adhesive application, bonding mechanisms, and factors influencing efficacy. Further, this review explores the composition of resin adhesive systems, including acidic components, cross-linking monomers, solvents, and other critical elements. It also examines various adhesive strategies—etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesives—highlighting their applications and advantages. The review extends to clinical applications of dental adhesion, including direct restorations, indirect restorations, and immediate dentin sealing (IDS), demonstrating the practical implications of adhesive systems in enhancing restoration longevity and performance. In conclusion, despite significant advancements, no gold-standard method for optimal adhesion exists. Each adhesive system has distinct strengths and limitations. The review emphasizes the importance of evaluating methods for achieving durable adhesion and staying current with technological advancements in adhesive systems. Summary: This review provides a thorough analysis of dentin bonding systems, delving into the structures and bonding mechanisms of both enamel and dentin. By exploring various adhesive systems and their components, it highlights the ongoing challenges in achieving optimal resin–dentin adhesion. The review also addresses the clinical applications of dental adhesion, including direct restorations, indirect restorations, and immediate dentin sealing (IDS), illustrating how different adhesive techniques impact clinical outcomes. It underscores the necessity for continuous innovation and assessment of adhesive systems to enhance long-term bonding effectiveness in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights The bonding interface of carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP)‐reinforced steel structure is a weak part, and nanomaterial‐modified adhesives are expected to improve its comprehensive performance. This paper investigates the micro‐modification mechanisms of nanomaterials on epoxy resin adhesives using molecular dynamics simulation method. It explores how the functionalized nano SiO2 and carbon nanotubes affects the thermal and mechanical properties of the epoxy resin adhesive. The models established using Materials Studio software include the pure epoxy resin adhesive model (EP) with varying degrees of crosslinking, the functionalized nano‐SiO2‐modified epoxy resin adhesive model (EP + SiO2/OH), the single‐walled carbon nanotube‐modified epoxy resin adhesive model (EP + SWNT), and the synergistic enhancements model of the epoxy resin adhesive with nano‐SiO2 and carbon nanotubes (EP + SWNT + SiO2/OH). Based on the aforementioned models, the Forcite module is used to calculate the free volume, glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the adhesive. The results show that the degree of crosslinking effects significantly the mechanical performance of epoxy resin adhesive. A high degree of crosslinking restricts the movement of the molecular chain, enhancing the strength of the epoxy resin adhesive. Furthermore, the trend of the mechanical and thermal properties of the four models remains constant with the rise of temperature, and the properties decrease most significantly in the range of the glass transition temperature. Moreover, the epoxy resin adhesive doped with nanomaterials exhibits varying degrees of enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties. The epoxy resin adhesive reinforced with functionalized nano‐SiO2 and carbon nanotubes exhibits better properties compared to those with a single nanomaterial. The micro‐modification mechanism is revealed for nanomaterial modified epoxy resin adhesive. The degree of crosslinking effects significantly the mechanical performance of epoxy resin adhesive. The epoxy resin adhesive doped with nanomaterials exhibits varying degrees of enhancement in mechanical and thermal properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights Bamboo‐based composite, being an eco‐friendly green material, has garnered widespread utilization across diverse sectors including construction and domestic appliances owing to its impressive strength, innate aesthetic appeal, and wear resistance. However, it tends to crack at bonding interface between bamboo and the brittle resin adhesive due to stress concentration, reducing its mechanical properties and lifespan. To address this issue, the epoxy‐based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was incorporated to modify the phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resin and improve the interfacial bonding strength. And the results showed that the incorporation of 5% epoxy‐POSS could markedly increase the impact and flexural strength of the modified PF resin by 75.7% and 27.6%, respectively, in contrast to the original PF resin. Moreover, the dry and wet shear strength of bamboo‐PF composites bonded by the POSS modified PF resin adhesive was also apparently improved by 17.03% and 28.55%, respectively. The increased toughness and bonding strength were mainly attributed to the nano‐effect of POSS and good compatibility and cross‐linking reaction with the PF resin, which helped dissipate energy and avoid stress concentration within the PF resin and at the bonding interface. This study aims to address the cracking problem of bamboo‐based composites and extend their longevity in architectural and domestic applications. Epoxy‐POSS disperse well in PF resin due to its unique multi‐epoxy structure. Epoxy‐POSS can react with PF resin and effectively improve its toughness. Nano‐effect and cross‐linking effect enable dissipate energy and disperses stress. Modification increased bonding strength and decreased interfacial cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the effect of Polydopamine (PDA) compound coating on the bonding strength of zirconia and self - bonding resin cement 3M ESPE Rely X™ U200 and the change of bonding strength after aging test. Methods Zirconia specimens were treated with three different surface treatments: "sandblasting," "sandblasting + silanization," and "sandblasting + PDA composite coating." These treated zirconia specimens were then bonded to resin blocks using 3M U200. The samples were divided into three groups for immediate shear bond strength testing, thermocycling aging, and pH cycling aging followed by shear bond strength testing. Statistical analysis was performed on the bonding strength data of each group. Results The "sandblasting + silanization" group showed the highest bonding strength between zirconia and resin, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group had slightly higher bonding strength than the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) After aging tests, all surface treatment groups experienced a significant reduction in bonding strength (P < 0.05) The "sandblasting + PDA composite coating" group exhibited the greatest decrease in bonding strength, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05) The decrease in bonding strength for the " sandblasting + silanization" group was slightly higher than that of the "sandblasting" group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05) Conclusion The PDA composite coating did not effectively enhance the bonding strength between zirconia and resin cement. Its bonding strength and stability after aging were inferior to those of the silanization coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considerable efforts have been made to replace formaldehyde-containing adhesives in the manufacturing of wood products, particularly particleboard, with natural alternatives. One promising solution is the liquefaction of lignocellulosic materials such as wood using glycerol (C3H8O3) under sulfuric acid catalysis (H2SO4). The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition and properties of spruce and oak biomass after liquefaction and to evaluate its potential as a formaldehyde-free adhesive substitute. All samples were liquefied at 150 °C for 120 min in five different wood–glycerol ratios (1:1 to 1:5). The liquefaction percentage, the insoluble residue, the dry matter and the hydroxyl (OH) number were determined as characteristic values for the polymer properties of the liquefied samples. The results showed the liquefaction percentage was up to 90% for spruce and oak. The insoluble residue ranged from 10 to 29% for spruce and from 10 to 22% for oak, the dry matter ranged from 54 to 70% for spruce and from 51 to 62% for oak, while the highest xydroxyl number was 570 mg KOH/g for spruce and 839 mg KOH/g for oak. Based on these results, liquefied wood was shown to be an effective natural alternative to synthetic resins in particleboard adhesives and a way to reduce formaldehyde emissions. This research not only supports environmentally sustainable practices but also paves the way for various bioproducts derived from liquefied biomass and points to future avenues for innovation and development in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Silicone Material is the property of Silicone Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To integrate excellent heat dissipation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties, some flexible hybrid sheets were fabricated using a polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS) matrix for a foldable display. The PDMS matrix was filled with Cu flakes and silicon carbide (SiC) powder, known for its high thermal conductivity and excellent EMI shielding properties, improving heat dissipation and EMI shielding. The acrylate resin used for an adhesive had Graphene powder and hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) as fillers with high heat dissipation characteristics. The optical microscopy confirmed multiple heat-transfer paths formed by the fillers. In the fabricated foldable hybrid sheet, the in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities were 0.81 $ \textrm{W}/\textrm{mk} $ W / mk and 0.61 $ \textrm{W}/\textrm{mk} $ W / mk , respectively. EMI shielding rate was 11.67 $ \textrm{dB} $ dB (X Band, 8∼12 $ \textrm{GHz} $ GHz ). In addition, the hybrid sheet exhibited excellent flexibility without microcracks in 2R repeated bending tests over 300,000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, formaldehyde-based adhesives are heavily used in the production of WBP, which is the primary source of indoor formaldehyde pollution and severely affects people's health, work and living quality. In recent years, soy protein adhesives have attracted extensive attention in the field of wood adhesives because of their advantages such as non-toxic, biodegradable, low cost and convenient processing. However, compared with the widely used commercial formaldehyde-based adhesives such as phenolic resin and urea-formaldehyde resin, soy protein-based adhesives have some shortcomings in low bonding strength, poor water resistance and poor mildew resistance. In view of the above problems, it is commonly used to functionalize soy protein adhesives by physical and chemical means such as cross-linking modification, mixed modification, structure modification, hydrolase modification and filling modification. The different methods of functional modification of soy protein adhesive were reviewed, the problems of different modification methods were summarized, and the future development of soy protein adhesive was prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The in vitro study aimed to investigate mechanical characteristics of resin composites and their suitability in direct restauration of endodontically treated teeth (ETT). (2) Methods: 38 endodontically treated premolars with occlusal access cavities were directly restored using the following resin composites and adhesives: Tetric Evo Ceram® + Syntac classic® (n = 10), Venus Diamond® + iBond Total-Etch® (n = 10), Grandio® + Solobond M® (n = 9), Estelite® Sigma Quick + Bond Force® (n = 9). After thermocycling, the elastic modulus, shear-bond-strength, fracture load (Fmax) and fracture mode distribution were evaluated. Statistical analysis: one-way ANOVA, t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test; p < 0.05. (3) Results: Grandio® showed the highest E-modulus (15,857.9 MPa) which was significant to Venus Diamond® (13,058.83 MPa), Tetric Evo Ceram® (8636.0 MPa) and Estelite® Sigma Quick (7004.58 MPa). The highest shear-bond-strength was observed for Solobond M® (17.28 MPa), followed by iBond® (16.61 MPa), Syntac classic® (16.41 MPa) and Bond Force® (8.37 MPa, p < 0.05). The highest fracture load (Fmax) was estimated for ETT restored with Venus Diamond® (1106.83 N), followed by Estelite® Sigma Quick (1030.1 N), Tetric Evo Ceram® (1029 N) and Grandio® (921 N). Fracture-mode distribution did not show any significant differences. (4) Conclusions: The observed resin composites and adhesives show reliable mechanical characteristics and seem to be suitable for direct restoration of endodontically treated teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effects of sterilization, conditioning method, and thermal aging on the retentive strength of two‐piece zirconia abutments. Materials and Methods: In total, 128 stock zirconia abutments were divided into four groups (n = 32) according to the conditioning parameters: (A) air‐abrasion using 50 μm alumina particles/1.0 bar, (B) 50 μm/2.0 bar, (C) 100 μm/1.0 bar, and (D) 100 μm/2.0 bar. All abutments were bonded onto titanium bases using DTK adhesive resin and stored in water bath (37°C) for 72 h. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups (n = 16), group 1 was disinfected, whereas group 2 followed disinfection and autoclave sterilization. Half of the specimens of each subgroup (n = 8) was directly subjected to the axial retention test (groups N), while the other half was first subjected to 150 days of thermocycling followed by retention test (groups T). Statistical analysis was performed with three‐way ANOVA, additional statistical analysis was performed by using separate one‐way ANOVAs followed by the Tukey's post‐hoc test for post hoc pairwise comparisons among groups. Results: The highest median retention strength was recorded for group B2N (1390 N), whereas the lowest strength was recorded for group C1T (688 N). No significant interaction (p ≥ 0.05) was detected between the different variables; conditioning method, sterilization, and the thermal cycling regarding the effect on the resulting retention. However, the sterilization always showed a positive effect. Thermocycling presented an adversely significant effect only in the absence of sterilization (p < 0.05), with the exception of subgroups A. For the sterilized groups, thermocycling had no statistically significant effect on the retention. Conclusion: Steam autoclaving increased the retention of hybrid zirconia abutments. DTK adhesive resin for two‐piece zirconia abutments performed well after sterilization and thermocycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aydin Dental Journal is the property of Aydin Dental Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The interface mechanical performance between aluminum alloy and timber is the key to ensure that the two work together. In this study, 11 group connection performance tests were carried out to investigate the influence of connection type (shear bolt connection, epoxy resin adhesive connection, and mixed connection), number and spacing of bolts, thickness, and length (the area of incidence of the adhesive in the structure) of epoxy resin adhesive on the interface shear-resistant capacity of aluminum–timber composite connections. The shear performance of the three kinds of connections were studied via finite element analysis, and the calculation formula for interface shear-resistant capacity of the aluminum–timber composite connection was proposed based on the bond-slip mechanism of adhesive. The analysis results indicate that the mixed connection can avoid the brittle failure characteristics of the shear bolt connection and the epoxy resin adhesive connection, and the shear-resistant capacity is increased by 45.6% and 14.7%, respectively. The results of the calculation formula for interface shear-resistant capacity are in good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that it is suitable for the aluminum–timber composite connection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Automobile Technology & Material is the property of Automobile Technology & Material Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims to evaluate the influence of the air abrasion of dentin on the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate using three different types of luting cements. Sixty cylindrical specimens were milled from lithium disilicate CAD/CAM blocks (IPSe.max CAD). Sixty sound human maxillary premolar teeth were decoronated to the level of peripheral dentin, then randomly divided into three groups according to the type of luting cement used for the cementation of the lithium disilicate specimens (n = 20); Group A: Glass ionomer cement (Riva Self- Cure); Group B: Adhesive resin cement (Rely X Ultimate); Group C: Self-adhesive resin cement (Rely X U200). Each group was then further subdivided into two subgroups (n=10); Subgroups AI, BI, and CI, in which lithium disilicate specimens were cemented directly to dentin; Subgroups AII, BII, and CII, in which dentin surface was air abraded prior to cementation of lithium disilicate specimens. A computerized universal testing machine was used to measure the shear bond strength. A digital microscope was used to study the failure mode. SEM was used to analyze the cement-dentin interface of the de-bonded samples. The data were analyzed statistically using One-way ANOVA test and independent sample t-test at the level of significance of (0.05). Air abrasion of dentin improved the shear bond strength of lithium disilicate to dentin with all three types of cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Current Research in Dental Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: The use of crowns made of all-ceramic, metal-ceramic, or porcelain fused to metal (PFM) with a self-adhesive resin cement as an indirect restorative process is a method of indirect restorative. The cement is anticipated to improve survival rates due to its many benefits. Thus, this research aimed to ascertain how long self-adhesive resin cement will last when applied to different types of crown materials. Materials and Methods: The study used a scoping review methodology that followed a Population, Concept, and Context framework. The articles included were published from January 1, 2013, to May 24, 2023, full-text, full-access, written in English, original article study design (clinical studies, observational studies, follow-up case reports, and comparative studies), and in vivo method. Boolean operators were applied to search across the databases Science Direct, PubMed, and EBSCOhost with the corresponding keywords “((survival rate) OR (success rate) AND (adhesive resin cement) AND (crown)).” Since Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) was implemented as the study design, it did not include randomization or statistical analysis. However, we added bias-risk information. Results: There were 104 studies in total. After the duplication checking and abstract screening processes, 23 articles were provided. A full-text assessment was done, and seven articles were extracted. Additionally, information about the author, publication year, study design, research methodology, selfadhesive resin cement brand, crown material, research duration, and outcomes was gathered. Conclusions: The results concluded that the self-adhesive resin cement survival rate on various crown materials, both all-ceramic and PFM, within 6 years is excellent. Due to the minimal number of articles that met the inclusion criteria, additional research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composite attachment loss during orthodontic clear aligner therapy is an adverse event that commonly happens in clinical practice and can affect the overall outcome and length of treatment. The aim of our research is to provide a basis for the further study of an innovative digital protocol and application method for orthodontic aligner attachments. Two 3D models were designed, one based on the proposed protocol and the other on the conventional method for aligner attachment application. Four attachment shapes were used to identify the maximum values for the von Mises equivalent stresses, the maximum displacements values and the areas in which these values were recorded through FEM analysis. The results of the mechanical simulation show lower values of von Mises stress recorded in the 3D printed attachments assemblies, independent of their shape, when simulated under the same boundary and load conditions. The trapezoidal prism shaped 3D printed model has a 3.7 times smaller displacement value (0.088 [mm]) compared to the adhesive resin model (0.326 [mm]). In conclusion, the proposed protocol for aligner attachments and the introduction of innovative materials is a promising method of solving conventional attachment problems in current orthodontic treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study utilizes starch as the primary raw material for preparing a water‐resistant biomass adhesive to replace formaldehyde‐based resin adhesive, which is subsequently used in plywood production. The preparation process of starch‐based adhesive (SBA) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM), and the effects of the mass ratio of starch to tannic acid, the dosages of phragmites fiber and boric acid on wet‐bond strength were studied. The quadratic regression model of SBA showed significant results (p < 0.0001). The optimal preparation condition was that the mass ratio between starch and tannic acid was 5:2, in the dosages of 2.9% for phragmites fibers and 3.2% for boric acid. The wet‐bond strength of the plywood prepared with this adhesive was 1.73 MPa. Characterization analysis showed that the hydroxyl group on the surface of starch and tannic acid had complexation with boric acid, which improved the wet‐bond strength, water resistance, and, thermal stability of the adhesive. The alkali‐treated phragmites fibers had better compatibility with the starch matrix than the original fiber, which improved the cohesion of the SBA and increased the wet‐bond strength by 26%. Highlights: The phragmites fibers have been used to reinforce starch‐based adhesives.Boric acid facilitates the formation of crosslinked structures.The phenolic hydroxyl group in tannins provides excellent water resistance.Phragmites fiber exhibits good compatibility with the adhesive matrix.The cured starch‐based adhesive has excellent wet‐bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic electroless plating on insulating substrate holds great potential in additive manufacturing of printing circuits. A tri-layer interpenetration architecture was constructed to improve the peeling strength of Cu plating layer. The corona-treated PET was coated by epoxy resin, which served as ground floor for the rooting of Cu NWs. Benefiting from high aspect ratio, the ends of Cu NWs were exposed to surface. Which assembled into middle layer, forming 3D Cu NWs catalytic arrays. Along with Cu electroless plating, the catalytic arrays were gradually filled up and covered by the top layer of Cu plating. Both epoxy resin layer and Cu plating layer were deeply rooted by Cu NWs, which afforded the Cu plating layer with 5B adhesion, an increase of 86% compared to that of Cu MSs catalyst. Through investigating the subsidence behavior of Cu NWs in epoxy resin adhesive layer, the strengthen mechanism of peeling strength of Cu plating layer has been validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite constructions made of wood and concrete are being researched as revolutionary structural components that offer many benefits. The connection in timber-concrete-composite (TCC) is typically made via mechanical means. This study describes the TCC bonded by adhesives, particularly the mechanical behaviour of the joints between timber (GL24h) and self-compacting concrete (SCC) set by the dry or wet bonding process. For this purpose, double push-out shear tests on TCC joints bonded by epoxy resin of adhesives were performed. The role of several variables was considered for both fabrication processes. These parameters were: variation of moisture content (m.c.) of timber, adhesive type, adhesive thickness, sand addition, concrete surface treatment, and scale of bonding length. The results showed that glueing seems to be a feasible alternative instead of mechanical means for producing dry and wet TCC joints. Under dry conditions of timber elements, the shear strength can be considered highly satisfactory, with a mean value range of 6–8 MPa. The failure mode is primarily affected by concrete and timber failure. However, the findings of this study confirm the hypothesis that increasing the moisture content of timber before the gluing process significantly reduces the shear strength of adhesively bonded TCC joints by approximately 30% in certain instances. These results contribute to understanding the challenges and limitations of the bonding system, providing valuable insights for optimizing the design and manufacturing of timber-concrete composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to innumerable confounding factors and a high number of types and brands of dental restorative materials, the clinical performance of restorative materials are sought predicted by various in vitro tests. However, only few such tests have been found to correlate well with clinical findings. Thus, the present study determined the in vitro dentin bond strength and marginal adaptation of Class II restorations and correlated the results to their clinical outcomes. Dentin bond strength (µTBS and µSBS) and marginal gap formation of Class II restorations (replica technique and SEM) were measured after 24 h and 6 m water storage using eight combinations of adhesive and resin composite. Clinical outcomes (mean survival time, Hazard Ratio, annual failure rate; n = 10.695) were gained from a data set of a retrospective multicenter study of direct restorations. Significant differences were found for dentin bond strength and marginal gap formation between the restorative material groups, and negative effects of long-term storage were observed. µTBS correlated significantly with certain clinical outcomes of Class I restorations, while µSBS correlated with certain clinical outcomes of Class II, III, IV and V restorations. Marginal gap formation in enamel and number of paramarginal fractures correlated with certain clinical outcomes of Class II restorations. Using the same restorative materials in vitro as in vivo, gave significant, but weak correlations between in vitro bond strength or marginal adaptation and clinical outcomes, lending support to the use of in vitro tests in early stages of material selection. • In vitro outcomes differed significantly between the restorative material groups. • µTBS correlated significantly with certain clinical outcomes of Class I restorations. • µSBS correlated with certain clinical outcomes of Class II - V restorations. • Marginal integrity parameters correlated with certain clinical outcomes of Class II restorations. • In vitro tests can predict clinical performance to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the effect of different chemical compositions of primers on the bond strength between nano-ceramic, polymer-infiltrated ceramic, and zirconia ceramic materials and dual-cure cement. Methods: Fifty 2 mmthick specimens were prepared from Vita Enamic, Cerasmart, and Katana Zirconia UTML. The specimens were embedded in acrylic blocks. To standardize the surfaces, 600 grit silicon carbide abrasives were applied underwater for 60 seconds. Then, each section underwent grit-blasting using A12O3 with a particle size of 50 Bm at 10 mm and a pressure of 2 bar for 10 seconds. Each prepared sample from the experimental groups received the appropriate primer (Z-PRIME Plus, G-Multi Primer, Alloy Primer, Clearfil Primer Plus) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Subsequently, the prepared CADCAM specimens underwent cementation using Duo-Link Universal Adhesive Resin Cement with a cylinder mold of 2.6 mm diameter and 3 mm height. The cement was light-cured for 20 seconds from both sides. The specimens obtained were stored in distilied water at 37°C for 24 hours. The shear bond strength test of the specimens was performed using a Bisco Shear Bond Tester device. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test (P< 0.05). Results: The highest bond strength was observed in Z-Prime Plus applied specimens, regardless of material differences (Cerasmart 1 1.60*4.61; Vita Enamic 12.93=1=3.86; Katana Zirconia 13.85*4.00). The lowest bond strength, showing differences according to materials (P< 0.05), was found for Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus-Cerasmart (7.8813.90), Alloy Primer-Vita Enamic (7.90= 12.14), and G Multi Primer-Katana Zirconia UTML (4.9813.67). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a universal adhesive in self-etch mode to demineralized dentin. Methods: Seventy-five dentin specimens were randomly divided into five groups (n=15) as follows: Group 1, intact dentin; Group 2, demineralized dentin receiving no remineralization agent; and Groups 3-5, demineralized dentin receiving CPP-ACP for 30, 90, and 180 seconds, respectively. All groups were bonded by Adper Single Bond Universal adhesive in self-etch mode. After 24 hours, the SBS test was conducted, and failure modes were recorded. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test, and chi-square test at the significance level of P<0.05. Results: The highest and lowest mean SBS values were observed in groups 1 (intact dentin: 29.58 ± 8.13 MPa) and 2 (demineralized dentin: 13.41 ± 4.85 MPa), respectively. ANOVA revealed a significant difference in SBS among the groups (P< 0.001). A pairwise comparison revealed that the SBS of demineralized groups (groups 2-5) was significantly lower than that of the intact samples (P< 0.05). Group 5, with CPP-ACP, applied for 180 seconds, showed a significantly higher SBS (20.74 ± 4.54 MPa) compared to group 2 (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Applying CPP-ACP paste for three minutes can increase the bond strength of the universal adhesive in self-etch mode to demineralized dentin, whereas shorter application times are not effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the depth of penetration of adhesive resin in resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) after different surface pretreatment methods using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Methods: Class I cavity preparation was done in 45 freshly extracted premolars and divided into three groups, according to the surface pretreatment of RMGIC which was placed in a thickness of 1 mm in the cavity. In the control group, no pretreatment was done, and other two groups were pretreated with acid etching and air abrasion (AA). The fifth-generation dentin bonding agent mixed with rhodamine B dye 0.1% was applied on RMGIC in all the samples and cured for 15 s. Samples were restored using composite resin and sectioned longitudinally. The depth of penetration of adhesive resin was evaluated using CLSM. Results: Depth of penetration of adhesive resin was highest with AA (153.70 ± 10.23), followed by acid etching (122.71 ± 12.25) and control group (77.12 ± 6.37). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, AA enhances the depth of penetration of adhesive resin in the RMGIC surface. Thus, AA before placement of composite resin on the RMGIC can be effective in a clinical scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their mechanical load-bearing and functional wave transmission, adhesively bonded joints of carbon fiber–quartz fiber composites have been widely used in the new generation of stealth aviation equipment. However, the curing defects, caused by deviations between the process environment and the setting parameters, directly affect the service performance of the joint during the curing cycle. Therefore, the thermophysical parameter evolution of adhesive films was analyzed via dynamic DSC (differential scanning calorimeter), isothermal DSC and TGA (thermal gravimetric analyzer) tests. The various prefabricating defects within the adhesive layer were used to systematically simulate the impacts of void defects on the tensile properties, and orthogonal tests were designed to clarify the effects of the curing process parameters on the joints' bonding performance. The results demonstrate that the J-116 B adhesive film starts to cure at a temperature of 160 °C and gradually forms a three-dimensional mesh-bearing structure. Furthermore, a bonding interface between the J-116 B adhesive film and the components to be connected is generated. When the curing temperature exceeds 200 °C, both the adhesive film and the resin matrix thermally degrade the molecular structure. The adhesive strength weakens with an increasing defect area ratio and number, remaining more sensitive to triangle, edge and penetration defects. By affecting the molecular structure of the adhesive film, the curing temperature has a significant impact on the bonding properties; when the curing degree is ensured, the curing pressure directly impacts the adhesive's performance by influencing the morphology, number and distribution of voids. Conversely, the heating rate and heat preservation time have minimal effects on the bonding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the development of implant-supported prostheses, there are still patients for whom conservative treatments such as resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) are more appropriate. This study's objective was to analyze the available research on full-ceramic RBFDPs. In this study, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published in English between 2010 and 2020. A total of 14 studies were reviewed based on the eligibility criteria. The results showed that using a cantilever design with one abutment had an advantage over two abutments. Additionally, it was proposed that preparations designed with retentive aids, such as a proximal box, groove, and pinhole, could improve RBFDP survival rates. IPS e.max ZirCAD, In-Ceram alumina, and zirconia CAD/CAM were the most commonly used framework materials. Most studies used air abrasion, salinization, or hydrofluoric acid for surface treatment. Adhesive resin cements were the most frequently used type of cement. The survival rate of In-Ceram ceramics (85.3%–94.8%) was lower than that of In-Ceram zirconia and IPS e.max ZirCAD. Debonding, followed by framework fracture, was the leading cause of failure. Following 3–10 years follow-up, the survival percentage of all-ceramic RBFDPs ranged from 76% to 100%. Although RBFDPs have demonstrated satisfactory success as a conservative treatment, long-term follow-ups and higher sample sizes in clinical research are required to gain more reliable outcomes on the clinical success rate of various RBFDP designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study improved laser shock-wave adhesion test (LaSAT) to evaluate the bonding strength of an aluminum alloy/epoxy resin adhesive, since the bonding strength is dependent on loading rate. In this method, strong shock wave due to laser ablation induces interfacial fracture, and the critical stress is computed using numerical simulations of the FEM. To accurately evaluate the bonding strength, the input waveform caused by laser ablation was identified for FEM computation. Such ablation impact (pressure vs. time) and its spatial distribution of ablation impact were experimentally investigated, and this study computed stress-wave propagation in the specimen. It is found that numerical simulation with FEM reproduced well the wave propagation. A wide range of loading rates was achieved by the quasi-static tensile test, split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test, and LaSAT. As a result, bonding strength exhibited a significant dependence on the strain rate, similar to that of bulk resin materials in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Zirconia (ZrO2) is a ceramic material with high-temperature resistance and good insulating properties. Herein, for the first time, the surface of ZrO2 was modified with docosanoic acid (DCA) to improve its self-cleaning and hydrophobic properties. This surface modification transformed the surface of ZrO2 from hydrophilic to superhydrophobic. A two-step spraying method was used to prepare the superhydrophobic surface of ZrO2 by sequentially applying a primer and a topcoat. The primer was a solution configured using an epoxy resin as the adhesive and polyamide as the curing agent, while the topcoat was a modified ZrO2 solution. The superhydrophobic surface of ZrO2 exhibited a contact angle of 154° and a sliding angle of 4°. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and other analytical techniques were used to characterize the prepared zirconia particles and their surfaces. Moreover, results from surface self-cleaning and droplet freezing tests showed that DCA-modified ZrO2 can be well combined, and its coatings show good self-cleaning and anti-icing properties on TA2 bases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lignin is the natural binder in wood and lignocellulosic plants and is regarded as the main natural and renewable source of phenolic compounds. Its incorporation in the composition of fiberboards will enhance both the environmental performance of the panels and the complex use of natural resources. In recent years, the increased valorization of hydrolysis lignin in value-added applications, including adhesives for bonding fiberboard panels, has gained significant research interest. Markedly, a major drawback is the retention of lignin in the pulp until the hot-pressing process. This problem could be overcome by using a small content of phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin in the adhesive mixture as an auxiliary binder. The aim of this research work was to investigate and evaluate the effect of the hot-pressing temperature, varied from 150 °C to 200 °C, in a modified hot-press cycle on the main physical and mechanical properties of fiberboard panels bonded with unmodified technical hydrolysis lignin (THL) as the main binder and PF resin as an auxiliary one. It was found that panels with very good mechanical properties can be fabricated even at a hot-pressing temperature of 160 °C, while to provide the panels with satisfactory waterproof properties, it is necessary to have a hot-pressing temperature of at least 190 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polishing after the removal of brackets is the final step in orthodontic treatment. It is simple to perform, though some studies have reported that polishing causes damage to the enamel surface. An in vitro study was made of the influence of the buccal surface convexity of the tooth upon possible enamel loss when the remaining resin and adhesive are removed after bracket decementing using two different polishing modes: a tungsten carbide bur at low and high speeds. The convexity of the buccal surface was quantified in 30 incisors and 30 premolars. A stereoscopic microscope was used to obtain photographs of the profile of the crown, and Image J software was used to calculate convexity by dividing the length of a line from the cementoenamel junction to the incisal margin by another line from the mentioned junction to the maximum convexity of the buccal surface. Brackets were cemented on all the teeth and were decemented 24 h later. In both groups, the residual composite was removed with a tungsten carbide bur at a low speed in one-half of the teeth and at a high speed in the other half. The buccal surface of each tooth was then photographed again, and the convexity was calculated and compared against the baseline value. The difference between the two values were taken to represent the enamel loss. The convexity of the premolars was significantly greater than that of the incisors, but this did not result in greater enamel loss when the same polishing mode was used. However, the tungsten carbide bur at a high speed proved more aggressive, causing significantly greater enamel loss than when used at a low speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of different adhesives and veneering resins on the shear bond strength (SBS) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK). Methods: A total of 138 PEEK specimens were randomly divided into 6 groups according to adhesive material application: Control (C, no application), Adhese Universal (A) (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Gluma Bond Universal (G) (Heraeus Kulzer, South Bend, IN, USA), G-PremioBOND (P) (GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), Single Bond Universal (S) (3M, Saint Paul, MN, USA) and visio.link (V) (Bredent, Senden, Germany). Each adhesive group was divided into two subgroups according to the type of veneering material: Estenia direct composite (D) and Gradia Plus indirect composite (IN) (both GC Corporation). After the veneering process, the specimens were aged by thermal cycling. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for SBS analysis (P < 0.05). Results: The highest SBS results were obtained in the VIN group, followed by the VD, PD, GIN, AIN, AD, SIN, SD, PIN, GD, CIN and CD groups, respectively (P = 0.001). There were no significant differences in terms of the type of veneering composite when the same adhesive was applied (P > 0.05), except for Gluma Bond Universal (P = 0.009). All the adhesives tested showed clinically acceptable SBS results. Conclusion: Visio.link offered the highest adhesion to PEEK, whereas the tested universal adhesives may be used as an alternative to visio.link in clinical settings. It was determined that changing the veneer type has no statistical difference when the same adhesive material is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To prepare biomass-based wood adhesives with good bonding properties and water resistance is still a challenge and meaningful work in the field of the wood industry. Thus in this present study, under low reaction temperature conditions (50°C), sodium periodate was used as an oxidant to treat carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose and starch to form biomass-derived aldehydes solutions. Then oxidized glucose- hexamethylenediamine (OGLH), oxidized sucrose- hexamethylenediamine (OSUH) and oxidized strarch-hexamethylenediamine (OSTH) resins were prepared via Schiff base reaction from these solutions with hexamethylenediamine. The resins obtained were applied to the preparation of three-layer laboratory plywood. The whole synthesis was a simple process and low energy consumption; meanwhile, OGLH and OSUH resins show excellent bonding performance, allowing them to be able to consider as a substitute for the current widely used urea-formaldehyde (UF) and its modified resin wood adhesives. Furthermore, this study provides a new process reference for the preparation of carbohydrate-based adhesives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment of three different universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal [SBU], All-Bond Universal [ABU], and Prime&Bond universal [PBU]) on the bonding durability of an adhesive (Panavia F 2.0, PF) and a conventional (Duo-Link, DL) resin cements to air-abraded zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Rectangular-shaped zirconia specimens were prepared. The chemical composition and surface energy parameters of the materials were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement, respectively. To evaluate resin bonding to the zirconia, all the bonding specimens were immersed in water for 24 h and the specimens to be aged were additionally thermocycled 10000 times before the shear bond strength (SBS) test. RESULTS. The materials showed different surface energy parameters, including the degree of hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity. While the DL/CON (no pretreatment) showed the lowest SBS and a significant decrease in the value after thermocycling (P < .001), the PF/CON obtained a higher SBS value than the DL/CON (P < .001) and no decrease even after thermocycling (P = .839). When the universal adhesives were used with DL, their SBS values were higher than the CON (P < .05), but the trend was adhesive-specific. In conjunction with PF, the PF/SBU produced the highest SBS followed by the PF/ABU (P = .002), showing no significant decrease after thermocycling (P > .05). The initial SBS of the PF/PBU was similar to the PF/CON (P = .999), but the value decreased after thermocycling (P < .001). CONCLUSION. The universal adhesive pretreatment did not necessarily show a synergistic effect on the bonding performance of an adhesive resin cement, whereas the pretreatment was beneficial to bond strength and durability of a conventional resin cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of different endodontic irrigants and adhesive systems on the resin bond strength of fiber post cementation. In total, 144 single-rooted, unrestored human teeth were endodontically treated and randomly divided into 12 groups according to four endodontic irrigants (distilled water as control; EDTA 17%; NaOCl 5%; chlorhexidine digluconate 2%) and three different adhesive/resin cement systems (etch-and-rinse: orthophosphoric acid, Parabond® A+B/Paracore®; self-etch: ParaBond® Non-Rinse Conditioner, Parabond® A+B/Paracore®; Universal: ClearfilTM Universal Bond/ClearfilTM DC Core Plus). Forty-eight hours after post cementation, ten teeth from each group were cross-sectioned into three discs (cervical, middle and apical regions). Thirty specimens of each group (n = 30) were submitted to a push-out test at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The remaining two teeth of each group were sectioned in the same manner, and the resin–dentin interface was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results were statistically analyzed with the ANOVA test and Tukey's test (p < 0,01). The adhesive protocols and post space region showed no significant effect on bond strength (p > 0.01). The combination of NaOCl 5% and ClearfilTM Universal Bond reduced the adhesive strength (p < 0.01). The NaOCl 5%, in relation to other irrigants, significantly decreased the push-out bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preference for thermoplastic composites over thermoset ones is steadily growing, especially in constructing resilient, lightweight, and fuel-efficient structures in industrial settings due to their recyclability and superior energy absorption. Elium®, an acrylic-based thermoplastic resin, offers enhanced stiffness and improved toughness at room temperature. Investigation into elium-based composites with diverse fiber reinforcements has revealed elium's potential as an alternative to traditional thermoset epoxy resins. This study explores recyclable elium resin as an adhesive for creating curable and non-permanent joints in various elium-based composites. Various joining techniques, including adhesive bonding, mechanical joints, and hybrid bolted/bonded connections, were assessed, with hybrid bonded/bolted (HBB) joints emerging as a preferred solution for structures requiring higher load-carrying capacity. The study's results indicate that, when using elium adhesive, eliumhybrid bolted/bonded (HBB) joints demonstrate superior mechanical strength compared to their epoxy counterparts, resulting in improved toughness and stiffness values for each type of composite material. In addition, the research demonstrates superior load-bearing strengths in bonded glass/elium composite joints using elium adhesive compared to bolted joints, with HBB joints featuring elium adhesive displaying even higher load-bearing strengths. This research highlights the potential of elium-based composites and adhesives in various industrial applications, enabling the production of lightweight, robust structures with exceptional damage tolerance. Highlights • Investigates recyclable elium resin for curable and non-permanent joints. • Elium-based composites offer lightweight, robust, and damage-tolerant structures. • Elium HBB joints demonstrate superior strength. • FTIR analysis reveals distinct chemical signatures and bonding characteristics. • Elium adhesive enhances bond strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of excessive consumption of petrochemical resources and the harm of free formaldehyde release to human health, biomass raw materials, such as sucrose (S) and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) can be chemically condensed in a simple route under acidic conditions to produce a formaldehyde free wood adhesive (S-ADP), characterized by good storage stability and water resistance, and higher wet shear strength with respect to petroleum based phenolic resin adhesive. The dry and boiling shear strength of the plywood based on S-ADP adhesive are as high as 1.05 MPa and 1.19 MPa, respectively. Moreover, is Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) is as high as 4910 MPa. Interestingly, the plywood based on the developed S-ADP adhesive exhibited good flame retardancy. After burning for 90 s, its shape remains unchanged. Meanwhile, it can be concluded from thermomechanical analysis (TMA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) that the S-ADP acquired excellent modulus of elasticity (MOE) and good thermal stability. It is thus thought promisingly that the use of S-ADP adhesive as a substitute for PF resin adhesive seems feasible in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) with teeth severely damaged by dental caries and/or periodontal disease are often managed with medication and/or tooth extraction. A common endodontic treatment for severely decayed teeth in a 26-year-old female chimpanzee is reported. The left maxillary central incisor tooth had lost its crown, probably due to trauma that was not recent, and it had a fistula most likely due to chronic apical periodontitis. The diagnosis was confirmed radiographically before treatment. To treat the infected root canal, endodontic treatment used in humans was adapted for a chimpanzee. After the treatment, the tooth was sealed using an adhesive resin composite. At 11-years post-treatment, there were no signs of recurrence of the lesion or of failure of the tooth seal. The results of this case report suggest that common endodontic treatments used in humans are also effective in chimpanzees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The success of layered restorations necessitates the utilization of an improved restorative material compatible with composite restorations. Therefore, in this line of research, the strength of adhesion of conventional resin-based dental composite to different filling materials was tested. Materials and Methods: Conventional composite resin was bonded to four restorative materials (Group I: conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC), Group II: resin-modified glass ionomer cement, Group III: flowable composite, and Group IV: Cention-N) received no surface treatment (Subgroup A: control), sandblasting using 50-µm aluminum oxide particles (Subgroup B), sandblasting and resin adhesive (Subgroup C), acid etch and resin adhesive (Subgroup D), or self-etch resin adhesive (Subgroup E). After 24 h, the strength of adhesion between the conventional composite resin and the other tested filling materials was estimated by using a universal testing machine and compared using one-factor analysis of variance and Tukey's method. Results: The conventional GIC had the minimum values of adhesion strength while the flowable composite and Cention-N had the maximum values of adhesion strength (P < 0.05). The treatment of the used restorative materials with sandblasting and resin adhesive boosted the adhesion strength (P < 0.05). The surface treatment of GIC-based materials with either acid etch and resin bonding agent or self-etch resin bonding agent boosted the adhesion strength (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Cention-N sandblasted and coated with resin adhesive before the application of conventional composite resin in layered restorations is a potential alternative to GIC-based restorations and flowable composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]