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The research aimed to identify the areas of cooperation that are implemented in cooperation between the college and the research station, test the significance of the differences between the areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture and the agricultural research station, identify the areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture and the agricultural extension sector, and test the significance of the difference between the areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture And the agricultural extension sector, and to test the significance of the differences in the areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture, the Agricultural Research Station and the Agricultural Extension Sector, and to identify the advantages and benefits of cooperation between the Colleges of Agriculture and Agricultural Research and the Agricultural Extension Sector, and to identify the obstacles to cooperation and coordination between the College of Agriculture, the Research Station and the Agricultural Extension Sector. This research is in Sharkia Governorate, and the research community is represented in three categories: faculty members at the Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, researchers at the Agricultural Research Station in Sharkia Governorate, and workers in the Directorate of Agriculture in Sharkia. A sample of 50 respondents from each category was chosen, and the most important results reached by the research were: The most important areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Station were the field of practical exchange, with a arithmetical average of (3.7) and a relative importance of (92.5%) at a high level, then the field of solving farmers’ problems in the wild, with a arithmetical average of (3.5) and a relative importance of (87.5%) at a high level. Then both the field of implementing extension meetings and seminars and the field of preparing extension programs with an average of (3.3) and relative importance (82.5%) at a high level, then the field of conducting joint field extension follow-up with an average of (3.2) and relative importance of (80.0%) at a high level, then the field of training. With an arithmetic average of (2.9) and a relative importance of (72.5%) at a medium level, the most common areas of cooperation between the College of Agriculture and the Agricultural Extension Sector were the field of conducting joint field extension follow-up, with an arithmetic average of (3.7) and a relative importance of (92.5%) at a high level, then both the field of implementation Extension meetings and seminars and the field of solving farmers’ problems on the ground, with an arithmetic mean of (3.5) and a relative importance of (87.5%) at a high level. The results also showed that the most important obstacles to cooperation and coordination between the College of Agriculture, the Research Station, and the Directorate of Agriculture were the lack of capabilities and material resources to activate cooperation. Among the three organizations, with an arithmetic average of (4.0) and relative importance (100.0%) at a high level, then a weak relationship and lack of coordination between the university and the Agricultural Extension Organization, with an arithmetic average of (3.79) and relative importance (97.5%) at a high level, then a weak relationship and lack of coordination with the majority of institutes. The Agricultural Research Center has an arithmetic mean of (3.9) and a relative importance of (97.5%) at a high level, then the weakness of the possibility of college employees transferring to training in these organizations with an arithmetic mean of (3.8) and a relative importance of (95.0%) at a high level, then the college’s lack of interest in the expertise and successful experiences of non-governmental organizations in The field of providing extension services with an arithmetic mean of (3.8) and a relative importance of (95.0%) at a high level, then not following the decentralization method in planning extension programs with an arithmetic mean of (3.8) and a relative importance of (95.0%) at a high level, then a lack of interest from government organizations in the role of agricultural education. With a arithmetical average of (3.5) and a relative importance of (87.5%) at a high level, then the failure to benefit from information and communications technology in conveying guidance recommendations to rural people, with a arithmetical average of (3.5) and a relative importance of (87.5%) at a high level, then the inability of the college to change and adapt to the performance Nongovernmental organizations with an arithmetic mean of (3.4) and a relative importance of (85.0%) at a high level, then the failure of universities and institutes to train and qualify workers with guidance in the technical and communication aspects before starting service, with an arithmetic mean of (3.3) and a relative importance of (83.5%) at a high level, then the need of workers The college received training on the use of modern extension methods in extension work, with a arithmetical average of (3.1) and a relative importance of (77.5%) at a high level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the first record of the microlepidopteran Plodia interpunctella beyond the South Shetland Islands at the Chilean Yelcho scientific station (64°52′33.1428″ S; 63°35′1.9572″ W), Doumer Island, close to the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is notable that P. interpunctella, a globally distributed stored product pest species, exhibits a remarkable capacity for prolonged viability within food storage facilities. The dual challenges of food transportation and storage in the context of Antarctica's challenging operational conditions may have facilitated P. interpunctella's initial arrival to the Antarctic region. Non‐perishable food items, such as grains, flour and rice, provide practical options for the bulk food transportation and storage required in the long‐term operation of Antarctic research stations. The presence of P. interpunctella in Antarctica, even if restricted to synanthropic environments within buildings, is a clear threat to Antarctic biodiversity, not only through being an invasive species itself but also as a potential vector for other non‐native species (bacteria, acari, between others.), which could carry diseases to the native species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We report the first record of the microlepidopteran Plodia interpunctella beyond the South Shetland Islands at the Chilean Yelcho scientific station (64°52′33.1428″ S; 63°35′1.9572″ W), Doumer Island, close to the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula. It is notable that P. interpunctella, a globally distributed stored product pest species, exhibits a remarkable capacity for prolonged viability within food storage facilities. The dual challenges of food transportation and storage in the context of Antarctica's challenging operational conditions may have facilitated P. interpunctella's initial arrival to the Antarctic region. Non‐perishable food items, such as grains, flour and rice, provide practical options for the bulk food transportation and storage required in the long‐term operation of Antarctic research stations. The presence of P. interpunctella in Antarctica, even if restricted to synanthropic environments within buildings, is a clear threat to Antarctic biodiversity, not only through being an invasive species itself but also as a potential vector for other non‐native species (bacteria, acari, between others.), which could carry diseases to the native species.

The remains of Amani, a century‐old scientific laboratory in Tanzania, are quintessential modern relics. When anthropologists turn to such infrastructures of, originally colonial, knowledge‐making, their own implication with the object of their study – and with its epistemological and political‐economic origins and order – becomes part of the ethnographic pursuit. This entanglement between researcher and research material should challenge familiar realist modes of ethnographic writing 'about' such places that elude the anthropologists' own, compromised position within them. Matters are complicated further when the studied knowledge‐making sites already are broken, having failed their purpose – as in the case of the vestiges of an abandoned colonial institution. In this essay, I wonder how such ruins of knowledge‐making might transform the knowledge made by anthropologists working within them. Instead of just adding 'reflexive' confessions to realist accounts, could writing take part in the defeat that the scientific station's remains seem to embody – writing not 'after/beyond' but 'going along with' failure? Drawing on non‐representational ethnography, and poet‐anthropologist Hubert Fichte's embrace of epistemic defeat as anticolonial method, I trace my engagements with just one fragment of the scientific station – a driver's uniform. In doing so, I experiment with an object ethnography that 'fails' to detach author and object, or settle the question of failure, and instead foregrounds performativity, ambiguity, and mirth as starting points for an ethnography of, and in, our modern ruins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While women's participation at research stations has been celebrated as a success story for women in science, their experiences were not quite equal to that of men scientists. This article shows how women interested in practicing marine science at research institutions experienced different living and research environments than their male peers; moreover, it illustrates how those gendered experiences reflected and informed the nature of their scientific practices and ideas. Set in Roscoff, France, this article excavates the work and social worlds of a Russian scientist, Natalie Karsakoff (1863–1941), and a British émigré in France, Anna Vickers (1853–1906), to show how a small group of single women who studied algae created a "central bureau of feminine algology." The social aspects of this bureau, and the physical space and support funded by Vickers, allowed these women scientists to both participate in male-dominated practices of science and lend evidentiary support to an ecological category that emphasized benign coexistence rather than struggle. This study adds an empirical case of single women scientists managing successful careers in science and contributing to science through publication and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study shows that the current network of hydrometeorological observation in the permafrost zone of Russia is insufficient to provide data for the statistical approaches adopted at the state level for engineering surveys and calculations. The alternative to the financially costly and practically impossible expansion of the monitoring network is the development of hydrological research stations and the implementation of new methods for calculating streamflow characteristics based on mathematical modeling. The data of the Kolyma Water-Balance Station, the first research basin in the world in a permafrost environment (1948–1997), and the process-based hydrological model Hydrograph are applied to simulate streamflow hydrographs in remote mountainous permafrost basins. The satisfactory results confirm that mathematical modeling may substitute or replace statistical approaches in the conditions of extreme data insufficiency. The improvement of the models in a changing climate requires the renewal of historical observations at currently abandoned research stations in Russian permafrost regions. The study is important for forming the state policy in climate change adaptation and mitigation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the analysis of the picaresque fiction from a taxonomic point of view, offering a helping hand to researchers who find themselves lost in the numberless picaresque novels which have been written in almost five centuries. The classification of the picaresque novel is made according to extensive and restrictive definitions, having in view the fact a picaresque novel may belong to more than one narrative strategy or to different genres at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hypsugo: Journal of Bat Research in the Balkans / Hypsugo: Glasnik za Istraživanje šišmiša Balkana is the property of Centar za Krs i Speleologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hypsugo: Journal of Bat Research in the Balkans / Hypsugo: Glasnik za Istraživanje šišmiša Balkana is the property of Centar za Krs i Speleologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Galapagos Research is the property of Charles Darwin Foundation for the Galapagos Islands and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hypsugo: Journal of Bat Research in the Balkans / Hypsugo: Glasnik za Istraživanje šišmiša Balkana is the property of Centar za Krs i Speleologiju and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses several topics within the issue including historical changes in relation to the realities of Polish universities, work of Polish teacher Giovanni Mavier, and political conditions of the PAU Scientific Station in Rome.

In this article I demonstrate that Buitenzorg formed an important site for developmental botany or plant embryology. The research station at Buitenzorg was not only a place for colonial big science, but also a hotspot for new transformations in biology. This article focuses on the evolutionary science practice of Buitenzorg's director Melchior Treub and on how he adapted a German style of laboratory biology to the reality of the colonial tropics. In Buitenzorg, plant embryology evolved from a European taxonomic Hilfswissenschaft into a leading sub-discipline of colonial agricultural science. Studying cooperation in nature, Treub was extra keen on experimenting with new forms of political cooperation in the empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents an extension to the traditional FMECA (Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis) method to include the effects of human factors concerning accessibility/repairability, probability of contact and degree of contact. The authors refer to this extension to the traditional FMECA as the Human Design Approach (HDA). All data used in this study was collected during the stay of two of the authors at the Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in the Utah desert, USA. The MDRS is a laboratory for carrying out research in order to understand and investigate the difficulties of how to live and work on another planet. The results show that following the HDA can enhance the safety and reliability of the MDRS. There is still a significant amount of research required concerning reliability analysis of the space habitat in terms of the selection of optimum designs, the modification of systems, as well as access, inspection and maintenance strategies, human factors and environmental impacts. This preliminary study will assist the design engineers with the selection of an optimum configuration for space habitats and can be extended to any case where humans can influence function of an environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses can be a useful method for synthesizing evidence across multiple studies to draw conclusions about a research base. An important aspect of rigorous systematic reviews is an assessment of the study methods and potential biases impacting results or interpretations and conclusions of the primary studies. Single-case design (SCD) research has been a primary mechanism for identifying evidence-based practices across disciplines, but primarily in behavioral fields and special education. While the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool has been adapted for use in reviews of non-randomized studies, there is currently no guidance for evaluating SCD research. Hence, we developed a single case design risk of bias tool (SCD RoB) based on current conceptualizations of biases that might affect the validity of claims from single-case design research. We used the Cochrane risk of bias criteria and contemporary single-case design quality indicators and design standards to guide development. We describe the SCD RoB tool and two early applications of its use to demonstrate its application and provide initial validation. We also provide an overview of future areas of research using the SCD RoB tool in an effort to advance the science of single-case design research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoke from forest fires in the western part of North America reached the High Altitude Research Station Jungfraujoch, Switzerland, at the beginning of September 2017. Number concentration of ice nucleating particles (INPs) active at −15 °C or warmer decreased by about half during its passage. This is different to observations of enhanced INP concentrations in fresh plumes from forest fires. We hypothesise that INPs initially present in a smoke plume are lost or deactivated during long‐range transport, while components of smoke capable of deactivating INPs originally present or mixed later into the plume continue to remain active across a longer distance. Indicators of smoke observed in the Swiss Alps during the passage of an air mass affected by forest fires in North America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I demonstrate that Buitenzorg formed an important site for developmental botany or plant embryology. The research station at Buitenzorg was not only a place for colonial big science, but also a hotspot for new transformations in biology. This article focuses on the evolutionary science practice of Buitenzorg's director Melchior Treub and on how he adapted a German style of laboratory biology to the reality of the colonial tropics. In Buitenzorg, plant embryology evolved from a European taxonomic Hilfswissenschaft into a leading sub-discipline of colonial agricultural science. Studying cooperation in nature, Treub was extra keen on experimenting with new forms of political cooperation in the empire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo se propone evaluar la idea del filósofo Emmanuel Levinas según la cual propone que la alteridad es semejante al escepticismo, así como determinar si, en efecto, la alteridad levinasiana está comprometida con el escepticismo o si por el contrario, es una posibilidad para vislumbrar una racionalidad renovada en la discusión sobre lo humano. Para ello se expone la analogía entre alteridad y escepticismo; posteriormente, se revisan algunas respuestas dadas por estudiosos del autor; finalmente, se concluye indicando algunos modos de leer la alteridad levinasiana a través de la lente de una racionalidad renovada en el contexto de las Ciencias humanas.Climate change is becoming one of the most threatening issues for the world today in terms of its global context and its response to environmental and socioeconomic drivers. However, large uncertainties between different general circulation models (GCMs) and coarse spatial resolutions make it difficult to use the outputs of GCMs directly, especially for sustainable water management at regional scale, which introduces the need for downscaling techniques using a multimodel approach. This study aims (i) to evaluate the comparative performance of two widely used statistical downscaling techniques, namely the Long Ashton Research Station Weather Generator (LARS-WG) and the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM), and (ii) to downscale future climate scenarios of precipitation, maximum temperature (Tmax) and minimum temperature (Tmin) of the Upper Blue Nile River basin at finer spatial and temporal scales to suit further hydrological impact studies. The calibration and validation result illustrates that both downscaling techniques (LARS-WG and SDSM) have shown comparable and good ability to simulate the current local climate variables. Further quantitative and qualitative comparative performance evaluation was done by equally weighted and varying weights of statistical indexes for precipitation only. The evaluation result showed that SDSM using the canESM2 CMIP5 GCM was able to reproduce more accurate long-term mean monthly precipitation but LARS-WG performed best in capturing the extreme events and distribution of daily precipitation in the whole data range. Six selected multimodel CMIP3 GCMs, namely HadCM3, GFDL-CM2.1, ECHAM5-OM, CCSM3, MRI-CGCM2.3.2 and CSIRO-MK3 GCMs, were used for downscaling climate scenarios by the LARS-WG model. The result from the ensemble mean of the six GCM showed an increasing trend for precipitation, Tmax and Tmin. The relative change in precipitation ranged from 1.0 to 14.4% while the change for mean annual Tmax may increase from 0.4 to 4.3 °C and the change for mean annual Tmin may increase from 0.3 to 4.1 °C. The individual result of the HadCM3 GCM has a good agreement with the ensemble mean result. HadCM3 from CMIP3 using A2a and B2a scenarios and canESM2 from CMIP5 GCMs under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios were downscaled by SDSM. The result from the two GCMs under five different scenarios agrees with the increasing direction of three climate variables (precipitation, Tmax and Tmin). The relative change of the downscaled mean annual precipitation ranges from 2.1 to 43.8% while the change for mean annual Tmax and Tmin may increase in the range from 0.4 to 2.9 °C and from 0.3 to 1.6 °C respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to evaluate crosses based on multiple traits and to observe trait interrelationships in tenera oil palm. Eleven oil palm progenies were tested at Klong Hoi Khong research station, Songkhla province, Thailand. Numerous agronomic traits, yields, and yield components were recorded. The genotype by trait (GT) biplot, correlation coefficient and path coefficient were applied in multiple trait data. GT biplot graphically displayed the interrelationships among traits and facilitated visual comparison of each progenies for selection. Cross 132 and 135 were the best for bunch yield and agronomic traits respectively, whereas c119 was the poorest genotype. The useful agronomic traits correlated with yield and yield component were frond production and leaflet width, while the leaflet number proved to be an important trait as far as the average bunch weight was concerned. These traits would help to make the evaluation in the young oil palm possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the solar flare effects on the D-region of the ionosphere with the help of VLF (Very Low Frequency) radio waves using a portable E-field system from Antarctica during the summer period of 34th Indian scientific expedition. Two GPS time synchronized VLF receivers, one located at Bharati, Antarctica (geographical latitude 69.40°S, longitude 76.18°E) and another located at Tripura, India (geographical latitude 23.84°N, longitude 91.28°E) were operated simultaneously to infer common mode changes in the lower ionosphere for a number of solar flares events. The two systems constantly monitored the carrier amplitude and phase of the MSK (Minimum Shift Keying) modulated navy transmitter located in Australia (Callsign: NWC, 19.8 kHz, geographical latitude 21.88°S, longitude 114.13°E), around 5.6 Mm great circle distance from the two receivers. The results are interpreted in terms of Earth-ionosphere wave-guide characteristics. A Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) model study is also performed to infer the changes in the daytime electron density in polar D-region ionosphere during the solar flares. The exponential fit of the modeled electron density change with average X-ray flux change shows an excellent correlation (R2 value 0.95). The exponential fit is utilized to infer the daytime electron density change in the polar ionosphere during solar flare events. The analyses indicate that small solar flares of class 'C' can be very effectively detected with the portable antenna system even if the receiver is located in polar coastal region compared to equatorial region. The expedition results also demonstrate the feasibility of using portable VLF receivers from the coastal stations for monitoring the polar lower ionosphere from Antarctica and open up new opportunities for long term exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A field experiment was carried out with a view to estimate, combining ability and gene effects in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.). The experimental material comprised of 37 genotypes including 8 parents, 28 hybrids and one standard check (Surati Ravaiya) was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications at Regional Horticultural Research Station (R.H.R.S.), Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat during Rabi 2015-16. Combining ability analysis revealed that both additive as well as non-additive gene effects were important in the inheritance of all the traits studied. However, magnitude of variances due to sca were comparatively larger than those of gca for most of the economic traits indicated preponderance of non-additive gene action. Among the parents, JBGR-1, NSR-1 and JBL-08-8 were good general combiners for majority of the traits. The crosses viz., AB-09-1 × AB-12-10, AB-09-1 × AB-08-5, AB-08-5 × JBL-08-8 and GJB-3 × AB-12-10 showed higher order sca effects in addition to performance for fruit yield and its component characters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The virulence of 135 single-spore isolates of Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, collected from durum wheat fields representing most of the major agro-ecological zones of Morocco from 2013 to 2015, was assessed on six international differential wheat genotypes under controlled conditions. Races 1,5, 6 and 7 were identified with races 5 and 6 being most frequent, representing 47% and 44% of isolates tested, respectively. Only eight isolates (6%) collected at two research stations and a farm field near a station in 2014 and 2015 were race 1, while three isolates collected in 2014 in a farm field in north-eastern Morocco were race 7. The uniform race structure in farm fields may be due to overreliance on a limited and narrow genetic base for durum wheat crops in Morocco. However, the identification of four races is significant since P. tritici-repentis can generate new combinations of virulence, thereby increasing race diversity. Combined with the low wheat diversity this may lead to future severe disease epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ observations of cloud properties in complex alpine terrain where research aircraft cannot sample are commonly conducted at mountain-top research stations and limited to single-point measurements. The HoloGondel platform overcomes this limitation by using a cable car to obtain vertical profiles of the microphysical and meteorological cloud parameters. The main component of the HoloGondel platform is the HOLographic Imager for Microscopic Objects (HOLIMO 3G), which uses digital in-line holography to image cloud particles. Based on two-dimensional images the microphysical cloud parameters for the size range from small cloud particles to large precipitation particles are obtained for the liquid and ice phase. The low traveling velocity of a cable car on the order of 10ms-1 allows measurements with high spatial resolution; however, at the same time it leads to an unstable air speed towards the HoloGondel platform. Holographic cloud imagers, which have a sample volume that is independent of the air speed, are therefore well suited for measurements on a cable car. Example measurements of the vertical profiles observed in a liquid cloud and a mixed-phase cloud at the Eggishorn in the Swiss Alps in the winters 2015 and 2016 are presented. The HoloGondel platform reliably observes cloud droplets larger than 6.5 µm, partitions between cloud droplets and ice crystals for a size larger than 25 µm and obtains a statistically significantly size distribution for every 5m in vertical ascent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Feed efficiency (FE), characterized as the fraction of feed nutrients converted into salable milk or meat, is of increasing economic importance in the dairy industry. We conjecture that FE is a complex trait whose variation and relationships or partial efficiencies (PE) involving the conversion of dry matter intake to milk energy and metabolic body weight may be highly heterogeneous across environments or management scenarios. In this study, a hierarchical Bayesian multivariate mixed model was proposed to jointly infer upon such heterogeneity at both genetic and nongenetic levels on PE and variance components (VC). The heterogeneity was modeled by embedding mixed effects specifications on PE and VC in addition to those directly specified on the component traits. We validated the model by simulation and applied it to a joint analysis of a dairy FE consortium data set with 5,088 Holstein cows from 13 research stations in Canada, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Although no differences were detected among research stations for PE at the genetic level, some evidence was found of heterogeneity in residual PE. Furthermore, substantial heterogeneity in VC across stations, parities, and ration was observed with heritability estimates of FE ranging from 0.16 to 0.46 across stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A filed experiment in split-split plot design was conducted on a calcareous soil at Nubaria Agriculture Research Station, El-Behera Govern orate, Egypt, during the growing seasons of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the effectiveness of seed inoculation by Bacillus megaterium (as a phosphate dissolving bacteria (PDB)) on enhancement the P availability and improvement use efficiency of many inorganic phosphorus forms and rates in soil to improve the production of faba bean (Vicia taba L.) cultivar sakha 4 . Three fertilizer P forms namely P1; single super phosphate 15.5% P205 (SSP), P2; triple super phosphate 46% P20 5(TSP) and P3; phosp!:loric acid (H3P04) 72.4% P205 (PA), at 75% and 100% ofrecommended doses (45 kg P205 fed-1 RD). The results revealed that PDB inoculation increased their population in soil and significantly increased the availability of P in calcareous soil whether applied alone or combined with added P forms compared without it, where the treatments of TSP at 75 and 100% RD combined with PDB gave the highest percentage (125.8, 136.4%) at the 50 days age and the lowest percentage (50.9, 53.3%) at harvest, respectively. The results indicated to increase macronutrients uptake by faba bean plants, which positively reflected on quantities and qualities of yields. It can be concluded that adding TSP at 75% RD combined with PDB inoculation is the recommended for improving the productivity of faba bean crop, while the means values of seed yield relatively increased about with 41.4% over the same treatment without PDB and about 34.2, 36.9% for PDB inoculation and TSP forms as individual effect respectively. It was noticed that the PDB-inoculated seeds increased phosphorus use efficiency (PUE), phosphorus agronomic efficiency (PAE) and phosphorus recovery efficiency (PRE) by about 33.04, 101.l and 138.l %, respectively over the uninoculated. Triple superphosphate (TSP) has the greater efficiency whether it was alone or combined with PDB inoculation at 75% RD addition compared to other forms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a review of the activities of what rapidly became the leading plant nematology department in the world, based in what was at that time not only the most important but also the most distinguished agricultural research station in the world. We first briefly review the research done in the period under each head of department before recording in more detail some of the long-term research programmes, including work on potato cyst nematode hatching factors, chemical control and biological control. These strong research activities flourished until the radical funding constraints that were introduced nationally following release of the Rothschild Report in 1973 forced the adoption of various management actions at research stations. The changed pattern of research funding systems, which evolved gradually from 1973 onwards, resulted in a different style of research collaboration and changes in research focus by institutes and their staff. It became fashionable for institutes to have mission statements and these were changed frequently by directors due to the need to respond to funding possibilities. Successive severe and progressive reductions in staffing and, inevitably, outputs culminated in the complete cessation of nematology research at Rothamsted in 2013, even though cutting edge work on biological control and molecular interactions between nematodes and their plant hosts was still being carried out [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a series of case studies of field stations and field laboratories based at high altitudes in the Alps, Himalayas and Antarctica, which have been used by Western scientists (largely physiologists and physicists) from circa 1820 to present. It rejects the common frame for work on such spaces that polarizes a set of generalizations about practices undertaken in ‘the field’ versus ‘the laboratory’. Field sites are revealed as places that can be used to highlight common and crucial features of modern experimental science that are exposed by, but not uniquely the properties of, fieldwork. This includes heterogeneity of population and practice, diverse afterlives, the manner in which spaces of science construct individual and group expertise, and the extensive support and funding structures needed for modern scientific work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ‘halfway house’ between the generic, purified space of the laboratory and the varied and particular spaces of the field, the field station is a controlled yet uncontained setting from which nature can be accessed and anchored. As living quarters for visiting scientists, field stations are also enmeshed in the routine and rhythms of everyday domestic life, and in longer cycles of habitation, wear, and repair. This introduction considers the empirical and conceptual significance of Polar and Tropical field stations as homes for scientific work and scientific lives. The field station’s extra-territorial yet intimate character affects the credibility and circulation of knowledge along science’s frontiers. The challenge of making a home in the (non-temperate) field and the mundane experiences of expatriation and appropriation establish particular political dynamics of knowledge-making in these locations. They bring into focus the imaginaries of nature and science that drive transnational research and put into relief the aesthetic and affective dimensions of work and life in these distant homes for science. All these themes are pursued and amplified in a different medium by the artists who contributed to our research and are also featured in this special issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including research stations, arctic regions and anthropology.

Located high in Tanzania’s Usambara Mountains, Amani Hill Station has been a site of progressive scientific endeavours for over a century, pushing the boundaries of botanical, zoological and medical knowledge, and providing expertise for imperial expansion, colonial welfare, national progress and international development efforts. The station’s heyday was from the 1950s to the 1970s, a period of global disease eradication campaigns and the ‘Africanization’ of science. Today, Amani lies in a state of suspended motion. Officially part of a national network of medical research stations, its buildings and vegetation are only minimally maintained, and although some staff report for duty, scientific work has ceased. Neither ruin nor time capsule, Amani has become a quiet site of remains and material traces. This article examines the methodological potentials of re-enactment – on-site performances of past research practices – to engage ethnographically with the distinct temporalities and affective registers of life at the station. The heuristic power of re-enactment resides in its anachronicity, the tensions it introduces between immediacy and theatricality, authenticity and artifice, fidelity and futility. We suggest that re-enacting early post-colonial science as events unfolding in the present disrupts straightforward narratives about the promises and shortfalls of scientific progress, raising provocative questions about the sentiments and stakes of research in ‘the tropics’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a history of the field station Lamto, in Ivory Coast, which was created by French ecologists in 1962, after independence. It retraces the origins, the logics and the contradictions of an extraordinarily ambitious scientific project, which aimed at the systematic, holistic, quantitative and multi-disciplinary description of a unit of African nature – the savannah ecosystem. It explores how knowledge-making was articulated with work hierarchies and postcolonial politics, lifestyles, values and affects. It reconstitutes the political ecology of a research station in ecology, following in its residences, laboratories and open-air experiments the co-production of domesticity, nature, science and (post-)colonial situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how science has been employed to establish, maintain, and contest senses of belonging on Svalbard, an Arctic archipelago administered by Norway since 1925 under an international treaty. Our central argument is that the process of constructing Svalbard as a space belonging to Norway has long been intertwined with the processes of describing and representing the archipelago and that participating in those processes has also permitted other states to articulate their own narratives of belonging – on Svalbard in particular and in the Arctic more generally. We deploy the concept of belonging to capture a sense of legitimate presence and stakeholdership that we do not believe can be adequately captured by narrow concepts of sovereignty. Norway’s historic and current use of science validates (and even naturalizes) its rule over Svalbard. At the same time, other states use science on Svalbard to articulate geopolitical scripts that portray them as stakeholders in an Arctic that is of transregional relevance due to the effects of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this experiment was to determine the hourly extinction coefficient and radiation use efficiency (RUE) of winter barley under various sowing date and irrigation regimes. Field experiments were performed at the Experimental Research Station at the College of Agriculture of Shiraz University in Iran over two consecutive years: 2012 and 2013. The study used an experimental design arranged in split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replicates. There were four irrigation level treatments in the main plot, consisting of the full crop Irrigation requirement (W1), 75% and 50% of full irrigation (W2 and W3) and a dry land treatment (rain-fed, W4). The four sowing dates consisted of October 23 rd (T1), November 6 th and 22 nd (T2 and T3) and December 6 th (T4) which were considered the subplots. Two types of radiation adjustment were applied in order to evaluate the effect of air temperature changes on photosynthesis. The hourly extinction coefficient was 0.584 based on Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (PAR), and the values of RUE ranged from 0.73 to 2.17 g MJ −1 and 0.85 to 1.94 g MJ −1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. The variations in air temperature and environmental conditions caused a significant difference among the RUE values in 2012 and 2013. The maximum values of RUE were obtained in W1, which were significantly higher than other irrigation treatments. However, the RUE decreased significantly under irrigation level reductions. It is concluded that delaying in sowing date decreases the RUE values and the reduction in Growing Degree Day (GDD) before barley dormancy can effectively change the RUE. Therefore, to achieve a suitable value of RUE, the value of the GDD should be more than 120°-days before barley dormancy under any irrigation regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Future interplanetary crewmembers will be micro-societies like autonomous and auto-organized systems far from the Earth. They will have to live and work together in small habitat units as it is simulated at Mars Desert Research Station (MDRS) in Utah, USA. Missions become longer and the multi-national heterogeneity of the crews becomes new characteristics to emphasize. The purpose of this study is to combine ethological and anthropological methods for quantitative and qualitative descriptions of the crew's non-verbal and verbal behavior during a 15-day period, characterized by a multicultural background (French, Danish, Australian and American). The results show global high occurrences of visual interactions compared to both facial, body and object interactions. Differences of language skill have an impact on communication abilities. Subjects using no-native languages compensate with interaction abilities. With the evolving of common working and living habits, some will actively interact, others will actively communicate and the whole will be involved in dynamic process of adaptation with cultural diversity as salutogenic factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organisation and performance of research on geomorphological processes should be based on the methodological and methodical grounds of the empirical sciences. A well-organised observation in the form of geomorphological monitoring forms the grounds for the collection of observational data. Actually, it is not an option to consider the geoecological approach in the study of present-day geomorphological processes. This is a methodological must. Adopting a certain concept of the geoecosystem seems to be a good option in research on present-day geomorphological processes (Kostrzewski 1993). A geoecosystem is a unit of geographic space with varying size and structure. This geomorphological monitoring stands for the organisation and conduct of research on geomorphological processes (considered to be dominant) and relevant conditions (weather-related, hydrological) based on a standardised measurement system in order to obtain reliable data aimed to assess current research studies and plan future studies. Currently in Poland, geomorphological monitoring is conducted at scientific research sites; for example, at selected high schools and as part of the Integrated Environmental Monitoring Network in Poland, which is a subsystem of Poland's National Environmental Monitoring Network. The data obtained from geomorphological monitoring sites, verified on the grounds of accepted statistical tests, forms the basis for the analysis and assessment of a given geoecosystem and its operation, taking into account observed climate changes and increasing human impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article looks at potential risk associated with rapid expansion of optometry student numbers in Great Britain. It cites a study which modeled the results of the relationship between the projected Australian optometric workforce and projected demand for optometric services for the period 2011 to 2036. It also mentions impact on the sustainability of optometry universities’ research base.

Field research stations are households as a result of allegoric notions of the scientific family, and because they fulfill the purpose of a home in the field in a literal sense. They meet the practical and physical need for bed and board, as well as the emotional and intellectual need for social cohesion. I argue that this, in combination with local gender identity, opened the door for a woman of lower social strata, the daughter of a fisherman, to take upon herself the role as station household matriarch, thus gaining an integral role within an inner circle of influential scientists. Secondly, I argue that locally employed members of the research station were valued primarily for their social skills. For the sake of ensuring necessary conditions for scientific work, being abrasive was just as important as being agreeable. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Retrospective data from Sebele Dairy Farm were analysed for reproductive performance of Friesian/ Holstein cows. Three hundred records from 1989 to 1995 were used. The herd was zero grazed and the data was analysed for age at first calving (AFC), calf birth weights (BW), calving interval (CI), days open (DO), calving rate (CR), reproductive wastage (RW) and calving difficulty (CD); dystocia, after-birth retention and misrepresentation of foetus) and calving weights (CW). The effects of year of calving (YOC) and year of birth (YOB) were tested. The year of calving affected age at first calving (P<0.05) whereby in 1989/90 and 1990/91 cows were younger than the rest of the years. Calving weight at first calving was significantly affected (P<0.01) by year of calving. YOC had an effect (P<0.05) on both calving interval and days open. CW and CR were significantly affected (P<0.001 and more) by the year of calving. Reproductive wastage tended (P=0.065) to be affected by YOC while no effect (P>0.05) was observed for BW and CD. The year of birth of cows (YOB) had an effect (P<0.05) on age at first calving and it also significantly affected (P<0.01) CW of first calving heifers. Heifers born in the 1980's had lower live weight at calving than those born in the 1990's. Age categories (1=20-39 months; 2=40-69 months and 3=>70 months) tended (P=0.062) to influence the birth weights of calves. As cows' age increased, birth weights of their calves decreased. However, age category did not affect (P>0.05) calving interval or days open. Male calves were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than females (38.7±1.3 kg vs. 36.8±0.7 kg). CW was lower for heifers than for cows and represented 84% of the cows' weights. Heifers had higher (P<0.01) CR than cows (100 vs. 64.9%), however RW was higher (P<0.01) for heifers than cows (25.0 vs. 11.0%). RW was significantly correlated with birth difficulty (r=0.50; P<0.001). It seems that a low temperature-humidity index in the month of conception resulted in higher CR nine months later. It is recommended that when cows are zero grazed, feed quality should be assured by nutrient balancing and should not affect performance between years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After having been made accessible by two of the first cog railways in Europe more than 100 years ago, Gornergrat and Jungfraujoch became two extraordinary places: both are well known worldwide as exciting tourist destinations, and at the same time they are unique research sites. This article illustrates this duality in relation with the International Foundation HFSJG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience in studying the planet Mars at the Mars Desert Research Station in Utah since January 2011.

To study the difference of industrial location among different industries, this article is to test the spatial agglomeration across industries and firm sizes at the city level. Our research bases on a unique plant-level data set of Beijing and employs a distance-based approach, which considers space as continuous. Unlike previous studies, we set two sets of references for service and manufacturing industries respectively to adapt to the investigation in the intra-urban area. Comparing among eight types of industries and different firm sizes, we find that: 1) producer service, high-tech industries and labor-intensive manufacturing industries are more likely to cluster, whereas personal service and capital-intensive industries tend to be randomly dispersed in Beijing; 2) the spillover of the co-location of firms is more important to knowledge-intensive industries and has more significant impact on their allocation than business-oriented services in the intra-urban area; 3) the spatial agglomeration of service industries are driven by larger establishments, whereas manufacturing industries are mixed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]