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For a person who finds himself in a situation where there is a threat to his life or health, or the life or health of his relatives, the time within which the competent authorities will come to his aid is critically important. In order to respond to emergencies in a timely manner, Ukraine has established a mechanism for responding to citizens' appeals. This mechanism includes the State Emergency Service of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, emergency (ambulance) medical care, emergency gas service and other emergency services. However, it is not entirely convenient to call these services for help, as the call is made by different phone numbers and in situations where a variety of phone numbers will lead to a loss of time and serious consequences. Ukraine's integration into the European community requires our country to review the mechanisms for protecting a person in an emergency situation. It is established that the main purpose of implementing the system of emergency assistance to the single telephone number 112 in Ukraine is to provide timely assistance to European level with the ability to communicate in foreign languages, prompt involvement of necessary emergency services, which is a decisive factor in providing assistance, emergency response. The article also considers the issues of training employees who receive calls to the single emergency number «112», their interaction with each other during the performance of duties at emergency response centers, as well as their interaction with employees who directly provide assistance to scene. It is established that the training of operators who organize the rescue operation is carried out at the police academy. The training system for 112 Centre operators in Estonia is one of the best in the world and can be borrowed for implementation in Ukraine. At the same time, the «Emergency Assistance System for the Population via a Single Phone Number 112» is a rather complex mechanism for the implementation of which, in addition to analysing positive foreign experience, it is necessary to involve a fairly wide range of specialists from various fields, and therefore to create an appropriate regulatory framework to regulate the interaction between different response services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reveals the signs of sociocultural identity of rescue officers of the region on the basis of the analysis of professional culture level. The novelty of the research topic consists in the fact that social stability in the country in general and in the region particularly depends on the effectiveness of rescue services. A special role in the effectiveness of rescue services is assigned to executors involved in overcoming catastrophes and their consequences-employees of special search and rescue squads (SRS). The externality of the rescue service is widely covered in mass media, especially in emergency situations. Personal characteristics and features of interaction of participants in rescue operations, together with special knowledge and skills that form the basis of professional culture, often remain behind the scenes. The research methodology is based on institutional and structural and functional approaches to the analysis of rescuers' activities. Empirical sociological data obtained by a sociological survey of the general totality of the search and rescue squad of the General Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the Republic of Adygeya. As a result of the research, an integrative model of a rescuer’s personality was obtained, as well as data indicating a high level of professional culture and an adequate socio-cultural identity of SRS officers. An indicator of professional culture is understanding of the value of professional training for rescue activities by workers. Most of the officers have developed a valuable attitude towards human life both in emergency situations and in the conditions of everyday life in the course of their service. Understanding the leading role of the state in ensuring effective operation of rescue services and high self-esteem of rescue services indicate the stability of the structure and effectiveness of the activities of the Emergencies Ministry.

The article discusses the role of rescue services on reducing the level of negative social tensionassociated with economic, political, medical and biological crisis situations. An analysis of the phenomenon and the concept of "social tension" has been carried out, and forms of the reaction of the population to various kinds of crises revealed. Prolonged social tension is considered to provoke the onset of socially dangerous phenomena that can destabilize social development and cause entropic processes. Modern methods of diagnosing public dissatisfaction with various processes in the economy, politics, social sphere have been briefly described, which can enable the competent authorities to properly respond to emerging crisis phenomena, or level their consequences. Rescue services are considered to be competent bodies in the structure of the state; their activities are aimed directly at the prevention and elimination of the consequences of emergency situations. The research method is a theoretical analysis of the problem based on theoretical and empirical data from previous sociological, psychological and pedagogical studies. The main conclusions are that rescue services are an important factor in maintaining an optimal level of social tension, an effective means of reducing the possibility of the onset of socially dangerous phenomena, the main tool for eliminating the consequences of catastrophes, a guarantee of people's confidence that they will be provided with assistance in emergency situations, which significantly reduces the level of their anxiety, anomic, propensity to unmotivated actions of a destructive plan.

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Copyright of Polizei & Wissenschaft is the property of Verlag fur Polizeiwissenschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the project is to investigate the possibility of using people's mobile phones to locate people in a tunnel environment using the mobile phone's Wi-Fi connection. In total, 39 different trials were carried out under different conditions in a road tunnel in Stockholm, Sweden. In the trials, the Wi-Fi-based predicted location has been compared with the actual location of the recruited 16 participants in the tunnel. The conditions include the number of people in a group, the number of available access points in the tunnel, whether the mobile phone has an active or passive connection, whether a person is moving or standing still and whether the mobile phone is held in the hand or is stored in the person's pocket. The results indicate that the mean value for the distance between actual and predicted locations is in the order of 20 m or less, which is higher than reported in other studies. Despite this, there is a good potential to locate individuals in a tunnel emergency as the distance between emergency exits is often much longer than the uncertainties in the predicted locations of people. Improving the location algorithms will possibly reduce the uncertainty of the predicted location. • Wi-Fi technology can be used to locate people in a road and rail tunnel using people's smart phones. • Location precision is reasonable for the current purpose. • Experimental results are presented as evidence for evaluation of the technology. • Experiments compare real location using video recordings and Wi-Fi-predicted locations. • Better location algorithms have been suggested as one strategy to improve precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on evidence from previous studies, fire mortality rates among older adults on a local level seem to be related two dimensions; population vulnerability and societal protection. In this paper, we investigate the magnitude of the impacts of variation along these two dimensions on the rate of fatal fires involving at least one older adult (65 + years) in Swedish municipalities. Our empirical strategy involves using principal components analysis to estimate the two dimensions based on data on the health of the older population, factors related to municipal rescue service efficiency, as well as other factors that may indirectly effect efficiency (such as urbanization rates and economic conditions). We then use Poisson regression models to study how mortality rates vary with changes along each dimension while keeping the other constant. The results support previous evidence suggesting that an efficient rescue service is important for low fire mortality rates. However, we also find evidence that variations in the vulnerability of the older population may play an equally important role. As such, the results indicate while improved societal protection is important in order to reduce fire-related mortality rates, merely focusing on these aspects will not eliminate the risk-increasing aspect of population vulnerability. In turn, this implies a need for a multifaceted approach to local fire mortality prevention that targets both rescue service efficiency and population vulnerability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Next Generation Emergency Notification System after emergency call (eCall) equipped vehicle regulations with the legislation EU-2015/758 will be an obligation in EU in 2018 and eCall units are set up into the vehicles in Turkey after 2018. ‘Data Gathering by stage PSAP1 and resource Dispatching by stage PSAP2 in an integrated control room’ which is applied in Turkey will be modified via Turkey’s traffic management. Traffic and vehicle infrastructures will be updated after eCall equipped vehicle regulations. In this study, next generation emergency call system in vehicles is introduced and Optimal traffic infrastructure in Turkey is analysed via cost modeling.

Copyright of Polizei & Wissenschaft is the property of Verlag fur Polizeiwissenschaft and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To facilitate resilience to a changing climate, it is necessary to go beyond quantitative studies and take an in-depth look at the functioning of health systems and the variety of drivers shaping its effectiveness. We clarify the factors determining the effectiveness of the Estonian health system in assessing and managing the health risks of climate change. Document analyses, expert interviews with key informants from health systems whose responsibilities are relevant to climate change, and analysis of a population-based survey conducted in 2015, indicate that the health effects of climate change have not been mainstreamed into policy. Therefore, many of the potential synergistic effects of combining information on health systems, environment, and vulnerable populations remain unexploited. The limited uptake of the issue of climate change-related health risks may be attributed to the lack of experience with managing extreme weather events; limited understanding of how to incorporate projections of longer-term health risks into policies and plans; unclear divisions of responsibility; and market liberal state approaches. Minority groups and urban dwellers are placing strong pressure on the health system to address climate change-related risks, likely due to their lower levels of perceived control over their physical wellbeing. The results have implications for national, community, and individual resilience in upper-middle income countries in Eastern Europe.

This article builds on the notion that, in order to meet the increasing management requirement for data, successful in-house accountancy professionals are internalising ever more capabilities and responsibilities, thereby reflecting a partnership role in professions related to basic operations. The study investigates the organisational interfaces of the accountancy profession vis-à-vis other professions during the change process. The findings identify some possible factors contributing to the traditional way of producing and utilising accounting information, and suggest some possible measures to be used as key facilitators in starting a change process aimed at securing an enlarged, more customer-oriented and highly interactive role for accountancy. The contribution of the study lies in increasing our understanding of surplus-value-producing inter-professional development processes. In addition, based on the case of rescue services the study provides a holistic view on accountancy knowledge management in public-sector services provided in inter-municipal cooperation.

Copyright of Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology. Organization & Management / Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Slaskiej. Seria Organizacji i Zarzadzanie is the property of Silesian Technical University, Organisation & Management Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: To contain the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, public life was reduced through contact restriction measures (referred to as "lockdown" in the further course for reading simplicity), among other things to make health system resources available for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. In parallel, a decrease in emergency patients was observed in the public health system., Methods: For two 10-week periods before and during the lockdown, ambulance service deployment rates were analysed in 6 ambulance service areas for 6 tracer diagnoses. Random effects were minimised by comparing the results with the corresponding 2018 and 2019 time periods and a calculated expected value., Results: For emergency ambulance service calls, there was a reduction in call numbers (-16%) during the lockdown. A 20% reduction for the categories cardiac and cerebral ischaemia was found. In the urban area, the reduction in cardiac ischaemia was less pronounced at 14% than in the surrounding area at 23%. The deployment figures for intoxications decreased by 27% and for psychiatric emergencies by 16%., Conclusion: The public ambulance service was not overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic; there was a decrease in depolyments during the lockdown. For the reduction in cerebral or cardiac ischaemias, the explanatory models for the influence of the lockdown are missing. Further studies on the utilisation behaviour of the ambulance service during a lockdown appear necessary in order to detect potentially fatal reductions in utilisation for the patient outcome and to be able to counteract them through education., (© Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature 2021.)

Copyright of Safety & Fire Technology / Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza is the property of Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpozarowej and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Regional Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The manifestation of a new pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), constitutes a new problem for modern health care systems. Developing updated standards for all emergency services working at an accident site during the pandemic has been a continuous challenge. The principal method of preventing the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the use of personal protective equipment, such as protective suits, masks and goggles, or face shields. The study aims to present the recommended on-site procedures during the coronavirus pandemic based on the description of an accident of an ambulance transporting a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, emphasizing the actions taken by the emergency services sent to the accident site.

It has been known for a long time that older adults suffer a significantly higher risk of dying in residential fires compared to younger people. The characteristics of these fatal fires and the fatalities are also well known. However, less is known about older adults who survive fires and how they differ from those who die. This distinction can be assumed to be of great importance when designing effective prevention efforts. In the current paper, factors that contribute to survival of older adults (65+) has been investigated together with factors that contribute to different modes of evacuation (e.g. evacuation assisted by neighbours) based, primarily, on incident reports. The results show that fewer than half of the victims (39%) evacuated independently and many rely on evacuation assisted by neighbours (18%), first-responders (27%) or homecare personnel (8%). Living in urban areas was found to increase the odds of survival. Based on the results from the analysis of evacuation, this is likely due to a combination of proximity to neighbours and a short response time. For successful evacuation by non-firefighters, the fires often had to be confined to the object of ignition while the rescue service could evacuate from larger fires. • Proximity to neighbours and rescue services increases the probability of rescue. • At least 53% of the older adults depended on other actors for evacuation. • Most important actor was first-responders followed by neighbours. • The general public need to be alerted that they may need to evacuate others. • The increase in home-dwelling older adults need to be problematized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Notfall & Rettungsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)