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In this paper, a design method using a neural network of a zero-voltage-switching buck quasi-resonant DC–DC converter is presented. The use of this innovative approach is justified because the design of quasi-resonant DC–DC converters is more complex compared to that of classical DC–DC converters. The converter is a piecewise linear system mathematically described by Kirchhoff's laws and represented through switching functions. In this way, a mathematical model is used to generate data on the behavior of the state variables obtained under various design parameters. The obtained data are appropriately normalized, and a neural network is trained with them, which in practice serves as the inverse model of the device. An example is considered to demonstrate how this network can be used to design the converter. The key advantages of the proposed methodology include reducing the development time, improving energy efficiency, and the ability to automatically adapt to different loads and input conditions. This approach offers new opportunities for the design of advanced DC–DC converters in industries with high efficiency and performance requirements, such as the automotive industry and renewable energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandemics and political responses to them can bring about short- and long-term economic and environmental effects. This paper aimed to understand the effects of a pandemic and the policy responses to it on Iran's economy and environmental conditions using a Bayesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model. The results suggested that a pandemic can decrease the value of macroeconomic variables. In the health sector, a pandemic reduces health capital stock, thereby increasing quarantine hours and household health expenditures. Following an increase in quarantine hours and a decrease in economic activities, air pollution decreases, causing a short-term improvement in the quality of the environment. Moreover, an increase in public health expenditure during a pandemic leads to an accelerated convergence of economic and environmental variables into a steady state. Considering that the positive environmental effects of the outbreak of an infectious disease are short-term, and since industrialization is necessary for economic growth, it is recommended that in order to achieve sustainable development, we should move toward energy-efficient industries and clean fuels and technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Do behavioral factors mediate the relationship between industry returns and Bitcoin returns? We use four industry indices in technology, energy, clean energy, and banking, and the Sentiment index from Thomson Reuters Marketpsych Indices as a behavioral factor to investigate this question. We show that the sensitivities of technology and clean energy industry indices to Sentiment, positively and significantly, strengthen the relationship between sentiment and Bitcoin returns. By showing that behavioral factors mediate the association between the returns of industry indices and Bitcoin returns, we provide evidence that investors' Sentiment captures the association between Bitcoin and sectors related to cryptocurrencies. Our results, however, do not support prior studies' findings of a direct relationship between the industry indices and Bitcoin returns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy is pivotal in achieving sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental objectives. However, to attain this crucial goal, it is essential to focus on the type of energy we generate and the methods by which we use them. The availability, accessibility, and use of green technologies have improved significantly since the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). This paper applies the pooled mean group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG ARDL) model from 2000 to 2021 to 11 countries that, according to the Climate Council, are most affected by environmental degradation issues and are taking new initiatives to reduce their emissions. The results indicate a significant relationship between renewable energy consumption and technological advancements in the short and long term. However, there needs to be more of the literature about the negative impact of research and development on renewable energy consumption. The findings of this paper can assist policymakers in determining effective strategies in the renewable energy sector, as any technological advancement is an innovative way to transform the renewable energy industry completely. By optimizing energy production and reducing costs, technological advancement can help a country achieve its renewable energy goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ultimate goal of energy education is to cultivate citizens with energy literacy, which in turn influences the energy preferences of the general public. Various aspects, such as teaching, practice, publicity, and participation, all profoundly impact the formation of energy literacy. This study reviews the role of energy education in educational policy-making, the operation of educational systems, the design of innovative energy industry environments, and public participation. Through a systematic review, this study integrates empirical research across various contexts and environments. The relevant topics of empirical research include 'energy education', 'energy literacy', 'energy preferences', 'energy education policy', 'operation of energy education systems', 'creation of a renewable energy industry environment', and 'public participation'. These studies indicate that energy education can enhance participants' awareness of energy through knowledge transfer, enabling them to adopt more effective energy solutions and cultivate citizens with energy literacy. Energy education not only shapes the public's energy literacy but also further influences energy preferences, which in turn can have profound effects on social interactions, market outcomes, and political and social systems. Finally, from the perspectives of 'educational shaping' and 'cultural shaping', the research explores the impact of energy education on the energy environment and people's values. The findings reveal that society gradually forms a consensus on energy through long-term interactions, establishing a unique energy culture that subsequently influences the direction and implementation of national energy policies. There exist interactive cycles between energy education and energy policy: energy education influences public energy preferences, while energy culture, in turn, affects policy formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, high-power three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverters have significantly increased, particularly in the renewable energy sector and industries. These inverters are crucial in applications such as offshore wind farms and high-power motor drives, where reducing switching losses and improving the overall longevity, efficiency, and reliability of inverter systems are key. While conventional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) has been used to reduce switching losses, it also increases the computational burden in the αβ coordinates. Our study introduces an effective and highly efficient carrier-based discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) method specifically designed for high power factor loads to address this challenge. This approach significantly reduces computational execution time by adding the zero-sequence function into the fundamental signals. The efficiency of our new method is evident in the results: the proposed DPWM has successfully reduced switching losses, leading to a substantial enhancement of system efficiency. Our space vector analysis and simulation results, achieved using MATLAB and PLECS software, further validate the efficiency of our approach. Additionally, experimental results with a smallscale three-phase NPC inverter were conducted to validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed DPWM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urgent global challenges of climate change, energy security, and environmental degradation highlight the need for sustainable energy solutions. Renewable energy sources (RES) present a viable pathway towards sustainability by mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and fostering economic resilience. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose an advanced Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach to evaluate various RES by integrating environmental, economic, technological, social acceptance, and resource availability criteria, to identify the most suitable RES for sustainable energy solutions. Methodology: The study employs a hybrid method combining Type-2 Neutrosophic Numbers (T2NN) with LOPCOW (Logarithmic Percentage Change Operator Weighting) and MAIRCA (Multi-Attributive Ideal-Real Comparative Assessment) to rank the suitability of different RES, including solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy. Findings: The case study results reveal wind energy as the top-ranked alternative, supported by consistent findings across comparative methods such as COPRAS, MABAC, EDAS, and TOPSIS. Sensitivity analysis further confirms the stability of the proposed model under various scenarios. Originality: The originality of this study lies in the integration of T2NN, LOPCOW, and MAIRCA to address the limitations of traditional MCDM approaches in handling uncertainty and imprecision in data. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed framework in providing a robust evaluation of RES, and its value lies in its potential to inform decision-making in the field of sustainable energy solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential for renewable energy to encourage sustainable development raises high hopes for the future among countries in the Global South. However, there has been less research on how energy transitions are perceived outside of the Global North and democratic contexts. This paper explores attitudes towards the energy transition in Jordan, where expert interviews reveal that a strong renewable energy industry has emerged from top-down government efforts to reduce energy dependency and costs. We perform an in-person household survey with 320 respondents in areas with different transition risks and benefits, and then test a series of hypotheses using regression analysis. In the four communities surveyed, income stress and climate concern influence attitudes, as well as perceptions of community benefits. National-level concerns also matter, including energy dependency and energy costs for all Jordanians. Our results highlight the importance of context: findings from the North are not universal and understanding transitions in the Global South requires studying them in their own right. Policy insights Jordanian policymakers should reverse their policy of blocking renewables to avoid public backlash. Jordanian policymakers and funders should promote projects in communities with high economic dependence on the fossil fuel industry to ensure local support in areas facing transition risks. Policymakers should highlight collective, not just individual benefits of transitions, as perceptions of community and country benefits increase support. Policymakers in highly energy-dependent countries like Jordan should frame renewables as an answer to local and national challenges such as high energy prices. Actors wishing to promote clean energy support in different contexts should investigate local dynamics to build communication strategies that frame transitions appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternating current (AC) microgrid is a system that integrates renewable power, power converters, controllers and loads. Hierarchical control can manage the frequency of the microgrid to prevent imbalance and collapse of the system. The existing frequency control methods use traditional proportion integration (PI) controllers, which cannot adjust PI parameters in real-time to respond to the status changes of the system. Hierarchical control driven by fuzzy logic allows real-time adjustment of the PI parameters and the method used a two-layer control structure. The primary control used droop control to adjust power distribution, and fuzzy logic was used in the voltage loop of the primary control. The secondary control was added to make up for frequency deviation caused by droop control, and fuzzy logic was used in the secondary frequency control to deal with the dynamic change of frequency caused by the disturbances of loads. The proposed method was simulated in Matlab/Simulink. In the primary control, the proposed method reduced the total harmonic distortion (THD) of two cycles of the output voltage from 4. 19% to 3. 89%; in the secondary control, the proposed method reduced the frequency fluctuation of the system by about 0. 03 Hz and 0. 04 Hz when the load was increased and decreased, respectively. The results show that the proposed methods have a better effect on frequency maintenance and voltage control of the AC microgrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes whether introducing more electric vehicle infrastructures, such as charging stations, in urban areas will increase the number of electric vehicles used and use more renewable energy in the transportation sector. The study involves case studies from the USA, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Germany, and China. A total of 250 participants, 50 from electric vehicles in the country, were identified to participate in the chat and Gmail interviews. The results indicated that establishing electric vehicles infrastructure in urban areas can increase the adoption of renewable energy in the transport sector by reducing congestion, attracting more users, part of the government's plans, ensuring convenience, taking advantage of the low electricity rates, and reducing range anxiety by the drivers. Therefore, countries should be advised to increase the number of electric vehicle infrastructures in urban areas to improve their use of renewable energy in the transportation industry. Policymakers and urban planners can acquire ideas for improving the outlook of the areas from this study. However, the research was limited due to the small sample size. Further research should focus on the right strategies for including more infrastructure in the urban locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cleaner Production has emerged as a preventive environmental strategy integrated into production systems as part of the necessary changes. Much research on Cleaner Production has been carried out worldwide. However, research that addresses the use of Industry 4.0 technologies in Cleaner Production practices is still insufficient and unclear. Based on this scenario, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to explore research trends regarding Cleaner Production using Industry 4.0 technologies. Publication data were collected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and the time frame was 2011 to 2023. The results presented the journals, countries, themes, and studies with the most significant impact. In this study, 112 papers on the context of Cleaner Production in Industry 4.0 and its technologies were identified. The results obtained can help scholars better understand the research development trends in Cleaner Production using tools from Industry 4.0, detect unexplored areas, and provide direction for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable energy industry is heavily reliant on rare earth elements, underscoring the need to develop resources and production. The objective of this work was to estimate coal ash resources and potential for extraction of rare earth elements using data for the US. Data on spatiotemporal variability in coal ash resources and disposition were compiled from various federal databases and rare earth elements levels in ash were compiled from the literature. Results show that ~ 52 gigatons (Gt) of coal were produced in the US (1950–2021). Power plants account for most of the coal use, particularly since 1980. Coal ash (5.3 Gt) represents a mean of 10% of coal by weight, ranging from 6% for subbituminous to 14% for lignite. About 70% of coal ash is potentially accessible for rare earth element extraction (1985–2021) and was disposed in landfills and ponds with the remaining coal ash used onsite or sold. Median values of total rare earth elements are much higher in ashes derived from the Appalachian Basin (median 431 mg/kg) than in the Illinois (282 mg/kg) or Powder River basins (264 mg/kg). Considering the market value of rare earth oxides, potentially accessible ash volumes, and percent rare earth element extraction (30% Appalachian and Illinois Basins; 70% Powder River Basin) results in an estimated $8.4 billion value. This study provides fundamental information on accessible coal ash resources in the US, linkages to coal sources, and preliminary estimates of rare earth element levels for future development within the US. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how oil and gas industry participants in Colorado reflect on the potential energy mix of the future. At a time when innovation is a dominant trope that casts entrepreneurs as agents who create dreams and craft worlds, providing the materials, technologies, and processes needed to decarbonize energy systems, my interlocutors also position themselves as experienced innovators. For them, petromodernity is a techno-scientific achievement that crystallizes the successful conjoining of wildcatter risk-taking, geoscientific knowledge, and engineering endeavour. While renewable energy sources now have widespread appeal among politicians, publics, and investors, these industry participants dismiss emerging energy transitions and renewable energy imaginaries. They mock and ridicule renewable energy sources, scorning them for being 'factually impossible' due to their lower energy densities relative to oil and gas. Turning to and mobilizing epistemologies of facts, they regard oil and gas as destined to enjoy great longevity. While they see their own industry as a harbinger of innovation, they deem renewable energy industries void of such potential. Exploring these mocking dismissals, this article shows how the oil and gas industry's history and epistemes inform energy imaginaries and flourish in the championing of what I call 'nostalgic innovation'. As such, I suggest that innovation is not only a key component in entrepreneurial capitalism, but also a powerful moral commentary on who is seen to deserve to play a key role in future configurations of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The topic studied the most prominent challenges of sustainable development, represented by the environmental challenge, which requires new methods to reduce the negative effects of various environmental factors. The research paper aims to highlight how affect the most important applications of artificial intelligence the waste sector. For that, we choose the experience of the British company Greyparrot and the Saudi experience. It was found that both of them depend on smart applications and renewable energy systems, especially at the level of containers. The present study enhances the circular economy model (transformation, distribution and recovery), uncovering AI's role in waste management. Finally, we inspire managers with algorithms used for data-driven decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents three simple models to study how prices, politics and persuasion may each play a role in environmental policy-making. Our conclusions are twofold. First, in the absence of increasing returns, requiring the polluting industry to purchase pollution permits can internalize the negative externality of pollution, and the optimal price of pollution permits should increase with the disutility of pollution. Second, with increasing returns in the industry using clean technologies, it is welfare enhancing to complement the pollution permits policy with a tax-funded subsidy to the clean industry, or with a tax-funded public campaign to persuade consumers to move away from pollution-generating goods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biofilter used is a simple technology in anaerobic digestion to remove pollutants from the substrate to enhance biogas production and nutrient effluent, which can be used as liquid organic fertiliser. This study aims to determine the effect of using a biofilter to improve biogas production and biogas effluent as an organic fertiliser material. The results show that the highest methane concentration is 60.64% at a dosage 200 L·day-1. The total solid (TS) content of biogas effluent exhibits a decrease of approximately 44% across all substrate doses, with respective percentages of TS of 0.16%, 0.03%, 0.025%, and 0.034% for 50 L·day-1, 100 L·day-1, 150 L·day-1, and 200 L·day-1, respectively. The use of biofilters in an ABR can significantly enhance the quality of biogas effluent, rendering it suitable for use as a liquid organic fertiliser. By capturing and biodegrading pollutants, the biofilter component can further enrich the nutrient content of the effluent, which already contains essential nutrients due to the anaerobic conditions and compartmentalised design of the ABR. The nutrient content in the biogas effluent mix with nutrition (AB mix) namely; N-total 262.5 mg·L-1, P-available 0.399 mg·L-1, Ca 4.08 mg·L-1, Mg 25.24 mg·L-1, Cu 0.032 mg·L-1, and Fe 13.09 mg·L-1 follows the standard organic fertiliser of the Minister of Agriculture of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dedicating more attention to renewable energies and power electronic improvements results in increased direct current microgrids (DC MGs) application. However, DC MGs have some challenges with voltage adjustment and power sharing. To do so, a two-layer hierarchical control structure, including a new fully distributed secondary control strategy and conventional primary droop control method, is proposed and employed in this paper to share power and swiftly adjust the voltage accurately. Indeed, a distributedaveraging proportional-integral (DAPI) secondary control strategy is introduced. Another problem in DC MGs is the existence of constant power loads (CPLs), which may result in instability. To overcome the problems caused by CPLs, a term based on the output voltage of CPL is added to the proposed DAPI to prevent instability. The required control inputs are obtained using localized data of the DC bus and their neighbor's secondary control inputs inspired by cooperative control. Besides, this strategy needs no knowledge of the microgrid topology, which enhances flexibility. For validating the proposed DAPI strategy in DC MGs, an islanded DC MG is simulated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. Comparing the results with those obtained from another existing method proves the performance of the proposed DAPI controller under different scenarios of plug-and-play, communication failure, and load changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates hydrogen's potential to accelerate the energy transition in hard-to-abate sectors, such as steel, petrochemicals, glass, cement, and paper. The goal is to assess how hydrogen, produced from renewable sources, can foster both industrial decarbonization and the expansion of renewable energy installations, especially solar and wind. Hydrogen's dual role as a fuel and a chemical agent for process innovation is explored, with a focus on its ability to enhance energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions. Integrating hydrogen with continuous industrial processes minimizes the need for energy storage, making it a more efficient solution. Advances in electrolysis, achieving efficiencies up to 60%, and storage methods, consuming about 10% of stored energy for compression, are discussed. Specifically, in the steel sector, hydrogen can replace carbon as a reductant in the direct reduced iron (DRI) process, which accounts for around 7% of global steel production. A next-generation DRI plant producing one million tons of steel annually would require approximately 3200 MW of photovoltaic capacity to integrate hydrogen effectively. This study also discusses hydrogen's role as a co-fuel in steel furnaces. Quantitative analyses show that to support typical industrial plants, hydrogen facilities of several hundred to a few thousand MW are necessary. "Virtual" power plants integrating with both the electrical grid and energy-intensive systems are proposed highlighting hydrogen's critical role in industrial decarbonization and renewable energy growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of digital twins has gained significant attention in recent years due to its potential to transform various industries, including renewable energy. Digital twins involve the creation of virtual models that mirror the behaviour and characteristics of real-world physical systems. In the context of solar plants, digital twins have emerged as a promising tool to enhance performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, and overall operational efficiency. Digital twin engineering, characterized by its dynamic data modelling of industrial assets, offers a disruptive technology capable of adapting to real-time changes in the environment and operations. This living model can predict future infrastructure behaviour and proactively identify potential issues within the physical system. The article highlights the essential components of the digital twin ecosystem, such as sensor technologies, the Industrial Internet of Things, simulation, modelling, and machine learning, underscoring their relevance in predictive maintenance applications. This review provides an in-depth review of the development and application of digital twins for predicting and mitigating faults and defects in solar power plants. It opens with a look at current developments, underlining the rising focus on digital twins for optimizing solar farms. It begins with an overview of existing solutions in the field, highlighting the growing interest in leveraging digital twin technology to enhance solar plant operations. Additionally, the article outlines the implementation stage of a prototype digital twin for a solar power plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for lithium resources is growing rapidly due to the continuous development of the lithium‐ion battery, which plays an important part in the renewable energy industry. Global sources of lithium are ores and brine, of which 59% are distributed in saline brine. However, the significant lithium resources in saline brine have not been fully utilized. The electrochemical deintercalation method (EDM) for lithium extraction from saline brine is a promising technique because of its environmental friendliness, high selectivity, and cost‐effectiveness. Nevertheless, the application of EDM is greatly limited by the easy dissolution of electrode materials like LiMn2O4 and the cost of mass production. Also, there are a few existing review articles on the EDM for lithium extraction. To address this gap, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the current methods for lithium extraction from saline brine, systematically summarizes the technical status of the EDM, and pays special attention to the preparation method and modification of electrode materials. This review gives new insight into the mechanism of EDM and provides a new design strategy for the evaluation methods of EDM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the present situation and characteristics of power supply in remote areas are summarized. By studying the cases of power supply projects in remote areas, the experience is analyzed and described, and the applicability of related technologies, such as grid-forming storage and power load management, is studied, including grid-connection technologies, such as grid-forming converters and power load management. On this basis, three power-supply modes were proposed. The application scenarios and advantages of the three modes were compared and analyzed. Based on the local development situation, the temporal sequences of the three schemes are described, and a case study was conducted. The study of the heavy-load power supply mode in remote areas contributes to solving the problem of heavy-load green power consumption in remote areas and promoting the further development of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind-photovoltaic (PV)-hydrogen-storage multi-agent energy systems are expected to play an important role in promoting renewable power utilization and decarbonization. In this study, a coordinated operation method was proposed for a wind-PVhydrogen-storage multi-agent energy system. First, a coordinated operation model was formulated for each agent considering peer-to-peer power trading. Second, a coordinated operation interactive framework for a multi-agent energy system was proposed based on the theory of the alternating direction method of multipliers. Third, a distributed interactive algorithm was proposed to protect the privacy of each agent and solve coordinated operation strategies. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated operation method was tested on multi-agent energy systems with different structures, and the operational revenues of the wind power, PV, hydrogen, and energy storage agents of the proposed coordinated operation model were improved by approximately 59.19%, 233.28%, 16.75%, and 145.56%, respectively, compared with the independent operation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In markets where differences in the environmental performance of competing firms arise due to differences in technology that cannot be altered in the short run and firms have private information about their own current technology, I show that market competition creates a strategic disincentive for adopting ecolabels (even if the cost of adoption is negligible) to directly and credibly communicate this private information to environmentally conscious consumers. Firms adopt ecolabels only if the green premium that buyers are willing to pay is large relative to the production cost advantage of dirty firms; ecolabels reduce market power, increase the market share of clean firms, and reduce expected environmental damage. I analyze firms' strategic (long‐run) incentive to invest in the development of clean technology where the outcome of such investment is uncertain. The availability of an ecolabel to directly communicate private information about the final outcome of such an investment enhances the expected net surplus whereas it reduces the ex ante strategic incentive to invest which in turn lowers industry investment in cleaner technology, relative to the case with no ecolabels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing population and industrialization have increased the day-to-day demand for energy. Global warming and other climatic disasters caused by to burning of conventional fossil fuels have laid the need for an alternative and renewable fuel. Concurrently, the worldwide demand and production of bio-ethanol, a bio-based sustainable fuel, is increasing continuously. Fungal saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass takes place simultaneously with the secretion of various metabolites, which function as a catalytic system to liberate soluble sugars from insoluble composite biomass. Cellulase holds a major role in converting lignocellulosic feedstock into fermentable sugar. Fungi, especially filamentous fungi, preferably the Aspergillus species, are known to produce cellulase. Amongst the lignocellulosic biomass, rice straw is considered as one of the most attractive materials for producing bioethanol because of its high cellulosic and hemicellulosic content, which can be hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. However, the recalcitrant nature of the substrate imposes considerable challenges and limitations to bioethanol production. To combat these challenges, various pretreatment techniques such as chemical, physical and physico-chemical processes are known to be effective enough to enhance the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification in order to make the complete process economically feasible. The present work deals with the isolation and selection of hypercellulase-producing fungal species. These species were used along with the pretreatment techniques either alone or in combination for efficient hydrolysis of rice straw to obtain the maximum amount of the released sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 capture from coal power plants is an important and necessary solution to realizing carbon neutrality in China, but CCS demonstration deployment in power sector is far behind expectations. Hence, the reduction potential of energy consumption and cost for CCS and its competitiveness to renewable powers are very important to make roadmaps and policies toward carbon neutrality. Unlike the popular recognition that capturing CO2 from flue gases is technically and commercially mature, this paper notes that it has been proved to be technically feasible but far beyond technology maturity and high energy penalty leads to its immaturity and therefore causes high cost. Additionally, the potential energy penalty reduction of capture is investigated thermodynamically, and future CO2 avoidance cost is predicted and compared to renewable power (solar PV and onshore wind power). Results show that energy penalty for CO2 capture can be reduced by 48%-57%. When installation capacity reaches a similar scale to that of solar PV in China (250 GW), CO2 capture cost in coal power plants can be reduced from the current 28-40 US$/ton to 10-20 US$/ton, and efficiency upgrade contributes to 67%-75% in cost reduction for high coal price conditions. In China, CO2 capture in coal power plants can be cost competitive with solar PV and onshore wind power. But it is worth noting that the importance and share of CCS role in CO2 emission reduction is decreasing since renewable power is already well deployed and there is still a lack of large-scale CO2 capture demonstrations in China. Innovative capture technologies with low energy penalties need to be developed to promote CCS. Results in this work can provide informative references for making roadmaps and policies regarding CO2 emission reductions that contribute towards carbon neutrality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biomass as fuel at PLTU Bolok can reduce emissions, save basic costs for providing electricity and increase fuel alternative competitiveness for PLN. A lot of unproductive vacant land can now be used to plant calliandra trees and used for cofiring, the use of woodchip biomass for cofiring PLTUs can also build a community economy. This research aims to analyze the feasibility of investment using a financial aspect approach in the biomass procurement program in Kupang, NTT. This business feasibility analysis was carried out to find out whether the biomass development plan was feasible from a financial aspect. This research will analyze the Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR), and Payback Period values for the business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter investigates the energy policies of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) across four sub-dimensions including governance and regulation, energy security, sustainability and energy markets. Topics include the lack of progress in BiH's overall performance in energy policy since the last assessment scoring the lowest in the Western Balkans, the implication of its insufficient action in decarbonization and energy poverty, and the limited reform efforts it demonstrated in the energy markets.

The grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system is an important technology for renewable energy applications. It usually consists of three main stages: a PV module, a DC/DC converter and a DC/AC inverter. In these PV systems, Power Conditioning System should have high efficiency and low cost. In this paper, a classification of possible power converter topologies for PV panel integration is introduced. Out of different topologies of DC/DC converter, series connection of boost converters is more suitable converter for PV applications. In order to simulate the steady state efficiencies of the series connection of boost converters and the inverter non-ideal averaged model of these power converters is developed. Then the different elements and control of the (PV) system are implemented in Matlab/Simulink. Using loss analysis, the benefits and drawbacks of series connection of boost converters are shown. This analysis allowed the conception of an optimized architecture constituted by serialized power converters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the number of econometric analyses related to the renewable energy sector in Azerbaijan is increasing, studies on nonparametric dimensionality reduction are rather sparse. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) were chosen to fill this apparent research gap. As a result, a large dataset including the renewable energy sector and selected key macroeconomic indicators was evaluated. The PCA procedure yielded four distinct principle components reflecting the main macroeconomic variables, renewable energy production, industry-energy relations and natural resource revenues. The PCA method offers the possibility to examine the precise correlations and the underlying patterns between the displayed clusters of variables. Meanwhile, the MCA-based cross-country assessment of Azerbaijan's wind, solar and hydropower has struck somewhat pessimistic notes, as the country lags behind neighbouring and other post-Soviet countries (e.g. Estonia, Iran, Latvia, Russia) in developing its green energy sector. These findings are of great interest to policymakers, businesses and academics who wish to gain deep insight into the Azerbaijani economy in terms of renewable energy production. The practical value of the present work also lies in the fact that it analyses a multidimensional and relatively longitudinal dataset (1990-2022), which is an example of a methodological application of two nonparametric approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The renewable solar energy industry and electric vehicle industry are today seeking for fast battery pack recharging methods to achieve higher performances, and fast energy recovery for energy storage systems (ESS) and for electric vehicles. The charge rate of batteries impacts directly the temperature which in turn impacts the capacity fade, thus it should be kept low to prevent the cells from warming up. This not only limits the charging rate but also puts us on a trade-off, a long lifetime or a fast recharge. In this study, we tried to achieve fast charging using a new charging method that combine two charging methods, without much deterring the capacity of the battery, in order to be able to maintain a long battery lifetime. Charging time of around 82 min was achieved for a 1.8 Ah battery. We compared our findings with the literature with known charging profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, human-caused greenhouse gas emissions are one of the main causes of global warming. Burning fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and gas) have become a climate change due to the uptake of heattrapping gases. A lot of CO2 is produced from this, which helps in the creation of greenhouse gases. On the other hand, global electricity demand has been rising for decades, such to rising populations, increasing industrialization, and higher incomes. The power sector is the biggest source of carbon dioxide emissions because of fossil fuel, the main source of energy used for power generation all over the world that's why climate change as well as increased global warming. Therefore, most countries have set targets for the use of renewable energy (RE) to reduce their electricity and need for energy and carbon emissions. In this study, RE is used to keep the environment sustainable, where the system of ODEs has been formed using different types of parameters to analyze the mathematical structure of four variables associated with RE. Positivity test, stability analysis, and bifurcation analysis are examined to prove the truth for the sustainability of the environment. The model plays a special role in increasing electricity production and reducing greenhouse gases in the environment. This study emphasizes the significance of employing RE in the power sector for environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As representative of the water-energy-food nexus, fossil fuel development and industrial agriculture are rural industries that continue to expand and increasingly occur in the same areas. Being a top agricultural export county and the fossil fuel capital of California while ranking among the worst in the US for industrial pollution, Kern County is a poster child of rural nexus development and, thus, an essential place for initiating sustainability transitions. Such transitions rely on policy support and the adoption of methods by individuals and communities who may disagree with such changes. While sense of place and impact perceptions are recognized as playing critical roles in sustainability management, they have yet to be utilized in nexus research. A survey (N = 256) of the perceived impacts of nexus industries with place meaning and place attachment as possible drivers for perceptions was conducted in nexus industry pollution exposure risk zones. Factor analysis and bivariate correlations showed that place meaning and place attachment are drivers for perceptions while also being drivers for concern for changes in nexus industries. While perceptions of impacts indicated contested place meanings, participants strongly perceive the economy and environment as being in decline. To build support for sustainability policy, directing funds from Kern County's renewable energy industry to local sectors of society, implementation of regenerative agriculture, cooperative management, and nurturing place meaning as aligned with nature's restorative quality are important paths forward. These nexus management foci could strengthen place attachment, build trust in government, and repair environmental alienation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the factors that affect the investment environment of the renewable energy industry in emerging countries, and quantifies them to derive relative priorities, drawing on the Vietnamese solar market as a critical case. Vietnam's solar photovoltaic (PV) market was exposed to various adverse policy situations during 2017–2019. The priorities of the determinant factors were derived using analytic hierarchy process analysis, based on a survey of 20 energy experts. The priority of the factors in Level 1 include, in descending order, policies, legal framework, profitability, ease of access to finance, infrastructure, and external factors. The top five of the 29 important factors in Level 2 are level of policy implementation, policy consistency (predictability), feed-in-tariff price, incentives and subsidies for foreign (direct) investment in solar PV, fruitage remittance, and transmission/distribution lines. We demonstrate that the active establishment and implementation of policies is crucial for the development of the renewable energy market. The improvement of the grid infrastructure and measures for system integration should be supported in accordance with solar power deployment. Therefore, actively engaging the interests of various stakeholders comprehensively and in a balanced manner during policymaking can be decisive in supporting stable market growth, facilitated by partnerships between local developers and international investors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, the use of renewable energy is the most important option in the field of environmental protection, and activists in the field of environmental ethics emphasize it. In this study, the evaluation of the role of renewable energy consumption and business policy in environmental protection with emphasis on creative accounting in companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange has been investigated. The research conducted, in terms of the type of quantitative data, in terms of the objective of the type of applied research, and in terms of the way of implementation regarding the hypotheses, is placed in the descriptive-correlation research group. The target society is the companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange, 166 companies have been selected as a sample using the screening method. Data was collected using Tadbir Pardaz and Rahevard Novin software, Kodal system and annual financial statements of companies and analyzed using Eviews software. To test the research data using methods such as Lemer's F test and Haussman test to determine the pooling or pooling as well as the fixed or random effects of the data, White's test to check the homogeneity of the model, Durbin Watson's test to analyze the correlation of variables with In the previous courses, the VIF (Variance Inflation Factor) test was used to check the reliability of the coefficient of determination, the Dickey-Fuller and unit root tests were used to analyze the mean values of the variables, as well as the Jarek-Bera test to check the normality of the data. Based on the obtained results, the effect of creative accounting as a mediating variable in an interactive relationship with independent variables (renewable energy consumption, commercial policy, commercial competition and environmental uncertainty) on the dependent variable (environmental destruction) is positive and significant. The research findings show that the studied companies use the variable of creative accounting as a factor for not disclosing ecological effects (environmental destruction). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of social resources, people's consumption of energy is huge, so renewable energy, such as wind energy, has been widely concerned and developed. Although there has been sufficient development of wind power generation, its output has some problems such as uncertainty, which leads to insufficient utilization of wind energy resources and uneven power output quality level, which brings great challenges to the grid connection. To solve this problem, a short‐term wind power prediction model combining firefly algorithm and long term memory network is proposed. The main motivation of the research is to improve the accuracy of wind power prediction and thus improve the utilization of wind energy resources. Compared with the existing methods, the innovation of FA‐LSTM model lies in the integration of the two algorithms, making full use of the advantages of FA in global search optimization and LSTM in time series data processing, and improving the accuracy and stability of prediction. During the experiment, we used different wind farm data to train and test the model. The results show that the FA‐LSTM model can improve the optimal fitness by more than 50% compared with other algorithms, and the iterative prediction error is smaller. Standard root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to evaluate the model. The accuracy of RMSE and MAE reached over 97% and 98% respectively. When the test data is highly volatile, the data accuracy of FA‐LSTM model reaches 92% and 94%, and the FA‐LSTM model drops to the stable value faster. FA‐LSTM model has the best fitting degree with the true value curve, and the fitting degree reaches more than 90%. Comparing the actual power and predicted power of different units, the actual power of Unit 1 is 34.875, and the predicted power obtained by FA‐LSTM model is 34.935, with an error of only 0.06. The key finding of this study is that the prediction model combining FA and LSTM has high accuracy and stability in wind power prediction, and can effectively deal with the uncertainty and volatility of wind energy resource utilization. FA‐LSTM model provides an effective solution for wind power prediction, which is helpful to improve the utilization rate of wind energy resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The German electricity market has recovered well from the 2022 energy crisis. Policymakers should now redirect the focus of energy policy to further expanding renewable energy sources. The year 2023 showed that the German electricity supply remained secure following the shutdown of nuclear power plants. It is possible, affordable, and plausible in light of climate policy to cover 80 percent of electricity consumption with renewable energy sources, as the German Renewable Energy Sources Act plans for by 2030. However, a swift exit from coal, and natural gas in the long run, is required to achieve this, as is suggested by scenario analyses that track the price and volume effects as well as the grid situation on the German electricity market for the present and for 2030. The shutdown of nuclear power plants has been planned for a long time and was by no means a relevant driver of electricity prices. Rather, French nuclear power plants’ erratic downtimes as well as war-related increases in gas prices drove up electricity prices. The construction of new nuclear power plants, which has been discussed by policymakers, is irrelevant for the energy transformation over the next decades. The natural gas crisis has also ended. In addition to the coal phase-out, the fossil fuel phase-out is an integral part of the energy transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The South African energy sector is faced with competing priorities concerned with ensuring environmental sustainability, energy security, and balancing its citizens' socio-economic needs. The decarbonisation agenda has put a spotlight on the quality of jobs in the energy sector, particularly those in the coal value chain. This paper aims to bring some focus to the subject of decent work as per the International Labour Organisation's definition and highlights the emerging themes in the South African energy sector. Our research shows that, although the country is on the path to decarbonisation, a clear definition of a job and decent work is needed. We show that if the country is to depend on the Renewable Energy industry, it is imperative to ensure that this industry has the capacity to provide the necessary skills and training to its new workforce and provide fair and just working conditions that would lead to decent work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sustainable methodology for the synthesis of pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine scaffolds have been developed, employing the Knoevenagel-Michael tandem cyclocondensation reaction of barbituric acid/1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid, malononitrile, and aryl aldehydes. This study elucidates the advancement of a sustainable and environmentally conscious approach to synthesizing this category of chemical compounds. In the present investigation, a novel photosensitizer comprising proflavine (PFH+) bio-photocatalyst was employed in an aqueous medium, subjected to air atmosphere at room temperature, and stimulated by a blue-light-emitting diode (LED) to harness renewable energy. The fundamental objective of this initiative is to utilize a photosensitizer (PS) biocatalyst that has been recently developed, can be conveniently acquired, and is priced affordably. The proflavine (PFH+) photocatalyst, demonstrates the ability to initiate photoinduced-electron transfer (PET) through exposure to visible light. This property endows the photocatalyst with a practical and efficient method of achieving high effectiveness, energy efficiency, and environmentally friendly outcomes. The current research endeavor has the objective of examining the turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) pertaining to pyrano [2,3-d] pyrimidine scaffolds. Moreover, it has been validated that cyclization at the gram-scale is a feasible approach that can be employed in various industrial settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine how an exhibitor manages its relationship with visitors in trade fairs to achieve desired outcomes. Drawing on the relational (group-value) model of justice, this research argues that visitors' procedural and distributive fairness perceptions impact their happiness, relationship commitment, and behavioral intentions with exhibitors. Data comprising 350 business visitors from eight trade fairs related to the electronics, telecommunications, automobiles, apparel, and renewable energy industries were analyzed. The findings show that while procedural fairness perceptions significantly impact visitors' happiness, distributive fairness perceptions do not have a significant relationship. Happiness leads to a positive relationship between visitors' commitment and behavioral outcomes. This research is one of the earliest attempts to evaluate the role of fairness perceptions and happiness in the context of trade fairs. The results also indicate that small-scale visitors show less concern for procedural fairness than large-scale visitors, but they show a higher tendency for relationship commitment and behavioral intentions than large-scale visitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, in order to address climate change and energy depletion, countries around the world have been constantly promoting energy transformation and structural upgrading. The effectiveness of RCEP has broadened the international east Asian new energy market. The development of renewable energy trade in the context of RCEP has attracted significant economic, environmental, and technical attention. Based on the background of RCEP in this study, the constant market share (CMS) model and the weighted dominant comparative advantage (IRCA) index are used to assess the export competitiveness of renewable energy products from 2006 to 2021. The data in this paper were obtained from the UN comtrade database according to the categorical statistics of HS codes. The results show that: (1) the overall competitiveness of Chinese renewable energy products shows an upward trend; (2) the comparative advantages of Chinese renewable energy products are strong, with some differences among different industries; (3) the growth effect is the main reason for the fluctuation of Chinese renewable energy product exports; and (4) the signing of RCEP has injected new vitality into Chinese renewable energy trade. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the paper puts forward corresponding policy proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and oil prices in OPEC countries utilizing a nonparametric panel data model to allow the data to outfitter the shape offunctional form. The change in oil price reflects the changes in fundamental and non-fundamentalfactors. Using yearly data from OPEC countries from 2003 to 2017, we find that EPU has a positive and significant effect on price. The research findings show renewable energies, oil price expectations, and EPU are the most influential factors, respectively. So policymakers should devote more attention to fundamental aspects. The planning and establishment of the necessary infrastructure for the extensive use of renewable energies will lead to a significant reduction in oil prices. Although the research findings indicate that renewable energy and oil are substitutes, oil and gas will continue to grow in the decades ahead. Also, the rise in the EPU will lead to an increase in oil prices. In this regard, policy authorities try to mitigate the adverse effects of oil price increases, which in turn reduces the success of those policies and causes an increment in economic policy uncertainty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]