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Due to the complexity of various risk factors and their interactive effects in the risk management of renewable energy project investment, this study uses Hierarchical Holographic Modelling (HHM) and WSR–RFRM–TSS (WRT) methods to construct a risk assessment model for energy project investment. Firstly, we comprehensively identify the risk sources by applying HHM method, and then construct the risk assessment index framework based on the Wuli–Shili–Renli (WSR) methodology. To identify the most significant risk indicators, the risk factors are secondarily filtered by using the Risk Filtering, Ranking, and Management Framework (RFRM). Following that, multi-dimensional risk scenarios are created by incorporating the Theory of Scenario Structuring (TSS). Finally, an empirical study is conducted using the Karot Hydroelectric Project project as a case study. The results show that in the two-dimensional risk scenarios, the highest risk value is the coupling of political stability risk and institutional imperfection risk. In the three-dimensional risk scenarios, the highest risk value is the coupling of political stability risk, institutional imperfection risk and communication barrier risk. The risk values of two-dimensional risk scenarios are generally higher than those of one-dimensional risk scenarios and three-dimensional risk scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing scarcity of conventional energy and environmental degradation, countries around the world are increasing their investment in renewable energy development. In order to make a scientific investment evaluation of renewable energy projects, this paper examines the analysis and control of their financial data. The intelligent analysis system of financial data is constructed based on OLAP. Logistic regression model and decision tree algorithm model are selected as the operation algorithm of the system to complete the intelligent analysis of data. Combining random forest algorithm and autoregressive moving average model, under the guidance of Bagging idea, the financial status of renewable energy projects after investment is judged in order to achieve the purpose of dynamic control. According to the results of analysis and control of financial data of renewable energy projects, it is known that the correct probability of intelligent analysis of financial data reached 94.5%, 83.1%, and 92.7% for different sample sizes of data sets, respectively. There were significant improvements in the efficiency of capital usage and asset quality, with an increase in capital concentration of 30.42%, an increase in inventory turnover from 10.68% to 13.04%, and an increase in the recovery rate of overdue accounts receivable from 60.31% to 67.83%. It has been proven that the method can help investors to better utilize uncertainty to improve the investment value of project, providing investors with a new way of thinking about decision-making.

Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs) are extensively involved in the Paris Climate Agreement and play a key role in climate finance. However, the amounts recently channeled to carbon-based projects may raise doubts about this involvement. This empirical approach seeks to explore whether MDB participation actually favors renewable energy projects in developing countries, aligning with their commitment to this Agreement. An empirical analysis is conducted to explore the determinants of MDBs’ participation in energy infrastructure projects developed in 64 countries using data from 2011 to 2018 obtained from the World Bank’s Private Participation in Infrastructure Database. The results reveal that MDBs’ participation is higher in renewable energy projects, confirming their commitment to clean energy; however, this is not confirmed by the amount of financial support provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is one of the most essential phenomena studied by several researchers in the last few decades. The main reason this phenomenon occurs is greenhouse gases (GHG), chiefly CO2 emissions. About 30% of the created GHG emissions are achieved by electricity generation. This article investigates the role of renewable energy projects in Jordan, specifically wind and solar energy, in mitigating climate change and water consumption reduction using RETScreen software. It was found that the cumulative water consumption reduction from 2017 to 2021 due to the use of wind and solar projects is equal to 6.9491 × 109 gallons. Finally, the results show that the future dependence on renewable energy projects in Jordan to meet the growth in demand by the year 2030 reduces the expected increment in the climate temperature by 1.047 °C by that year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global collective actions of countries are insufficient to meet the goals agreed upon under the Paris Agreement. On one hand, countries are trailing behind in meeting their renewable energy targets. On the other hand, the implementation of renewable energy projects is affected by the political, regulatory, and policy challenges faced by engineering, procurement, and construction firms. Such issues force project firms to overlook their best practices and cause delays in connecting renewable energy plants to the national grid. This study investigates the relationship between two key project-level critical success factors and the project success of renewable energy projects in Pakistan with the moderating role of political factors. Using a data set of 238 respondents and Smart PLS 4 to analyze the data set, the results confirm the positive impact of communication and organizational factors on a project's success. The findings also indicate that political factors are a major bottleneck that weakens the capability of project organizations to implement renewable energy projects in Pakistan. The current line of inquiry has implications for the ability of governments to effectively manage the power generation sector and support the transition to renewable energy. It also has significant theoretical implications for environmental contingency theory in terms of the adaptation of project firms to the external environment. The study concludes that project firms in the renewable energy sector need to be aware of political forces in the external environment to not only minimize their impact but to also provide timely completion of projects within and beyond Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on entrepreneurs associated with construction-based renewable energy projects located in Pakistan. The objectives of this research to identify the critical factors that affect the success of entrepreneurs. We used three dimensions of critical success factors such as government support (GS), access to finance (AF), and personality traits (PTs). This study consists of four important direct and indirect relationships. First, we examine the direct relationship between critical success factors (CSFs) and the success of entrepreneurs. Second, we investigate the direct relationship between CSFs and supportive leadership (SL). Third, we also examine the indirect relationship of supportive leadership between CSFs and the success of entrepreneurs. Fourth, we test the direct relationship between supportive leadership and the success of entrepreneurs. In this study, we collected data from 255 entrepreneurs using convenience sampling techniques associated with construction-based renewable energy projects in Pakistan. A five-point Likert scale is used for data collection through a research questionnaire. The direct and indirect path analyses were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of this study conclude. First, in the direct relationship, all the critical success factors, i.e., personality traits, access to finance, and government support, positively and significantly impact entrepreneurs' success. Second, the results confirmed that all critical success factors positively correlate with supportive leadership. Third, the results also revealed that supportive leadership significantly and positively mediates the relationship between the three CSFs and the success of entrepreneurs. Fourth, the outcomes also demonstrate that supportive leadership positively affects the success of entrepreneurs. The outcomes of this study also suggest some theoretical and practical suggestions for academicians and entrepreneurial personnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the abundance of energy resource assessments for wind and solar power around the globe, the existing studies seldom integrate the environmental restrictions into the analysis, which results in overestimation of the available resources. Existing potential maps show that wind and solar resources are abundant in Colombia, but these studies do not consider the multiple restrictions developers face when a project is considered. This paper proposes a methodology to determine the areas with the best characteristics to develop wind and photovoltaic solar farms in Colombia, using Geographic Information Systems that depict the distribution of the physical, biotic, economic, cultural, and political characteristics restricting or conditioning the implementation of these projects. To consider financial performance, the LCOE associated with each location was subsequently calculated, and the environmental characteristics were assessed through interviews with a group of experts. Maps were developed where the areas with potential can be viewed, classified according to their profitability and the ease of developing a project at that location. The most promising locations for wind and solar farms for the continental territory of Colombia were determined integrating levels of difficulty in the environmental management, and financial project performance. The results were unified in a tool useful for stakeholders, decision-makers, researchers, and investors, in which basically no technical knowledge is required for its interpretation. The results allow estimating the real installable potential in each technology throughout the Colombian territory and providing signals for the national interconnected system (SIN) on where the country's new energy developments are expected to take place. • Multi-criteria analysis is used to identify the best location for wind and solar PV farms. • Resource potential maps are enhanced with environmental and financial data. • Spatial renewable energy planning tool for policymakers and stakeholders • Methodology is replicable in other countries or regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just transition means that society shares both tangible and intangible costs and benefits of transitioning to a low-carbon economy in a socially just way. Across Canada, Indigenous peoples are shouldering a disproportionate social and economic burden on non-renewable sources as well as transitioning to renewable sources of energy due to high costs, lack of appropriate technology to store excess power, and remoteness of the region. This study aims to promote the significance of Northern energy transition through Indigenous perspectives (technological-social) in advancing a low carbon future as an act of truth and reconciliation (2015) in the Northwest Territories (NWT). In the NWT successful progress for climate change issues have been made pre-Covid with a plurality of perspectives but there is room for an improved post-Covid process that requires an emphasis on the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives (technological-social) as equal to non-Indigenous perspectives (technological). Results identify three themes, which are Indigenous land ethos (Mother Earth relationality), community energy autonomy (informed leadership), and capacity training (humanizing outreach) as key drivers to future just transition in the Northwest Territories.

The aim of this research is to reveal the effects of taxation and incentives under a single roof, combined with a regularly adjusted subsidy, in the renewable energy sector. In terms of financial investment, the study looks at how tax incentives and other forms of support for renewable energy sources are evaluated. The essential features of renewable energy sources are that they help to protect the environment, and renewable energy investments are a hot topic on the agendas of many countries. The Turkish energy market has been exposed to the liberalization process. So, the government, investors, and the people of the country are the main owners of these projects. Each partner directly or indirectly affects these investments or is involved in them. These things should be managed in a way that keeps the whole system in balance. This method turns the problem into a multi-objective optimization problem, with the goal of maximizing the benefits for all stakeholders. This research investigates the items related to renewable energy investments to analyse the risk factors for system risk mitigation and tax approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholders satisfaction, as well as an effective involvement, is of utmost importance for any mega project, when it comes to the public concerning projects this role becomes more essential. In the case of developing countries where the political, economic and administrative settings are challenging, managing all the key stakeholders satisfaction for prosperous projects becomes extremely intricated, no matter even it is about sustainable and renewable energy projects. Studies have been conducted on project governance and shareholder relationships, nevertheless, the role of power‐interest matrix in maximizing stakeholder satisfaction on renewable energy projects has not been fully explored in the literature. This research was attempted to investigate the direct and indirect influencing mechanisms of the stakeholders satisfaction in conjunction with five critical success factors (CSFs) (namely communication factors, team factors, technical factors, organizational factors and environmental factors) in the renewable energy projects. Alongside a direct link of the CSFs in renewable energy projects, an indirect influence of both the internal and external stakeholders satisfaction has been also checked in this research. A quantitative approach was used to collect the questionnaire survey based data from the professionals working in the renewable energy industry of Pakistan. A snowball sampling technique was used to collect a total of 565 valid responses from the professionals working on medium and large scale renewable energy projects. The structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to perform the data analysis and provide inferences between the direct impacts of CSFs and indirect influences of internal and external stakeholders satisfaction in the renewable energy projects. The first stage of the SEM analysis depicts the direct impacts of the CSFs on renewable energy projects. However, in the second stage, though the mediating role of internal stakeholders satisfaction was observed in between all the CSFs and project success, external stakeholders satisfaction was found to be significantly mediating only between the communication factors and environmental factors, and renewable energy project success. Though the findings provide useful guidelines for the professionals, policymakers and administrators that in order to have prosperous renewable energy projects the influence of both the internal and external stakeholders satisfaction is important alongside CSFs, however, the role of internal stakeholders satisfaction is more critical to consider for such sustainable projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is notorious that the new subventions from which will benefit also Romania (PNNR) triggered a significant interest for the investor who intend to invest in this renewable energy field. One of the important milestones of such project is securing the land. In the previous periods during which similar investments have been done, the acquisition of such land was a feasible economic business model for the investors. This meanly due the low price of the agricultural land located outside the buildable areas in Romania. Meanwhile, this business model seems to be quite difficult to be replicated again due to some new legislative amendments enacted by Romania. On one side, these make such acquisition of such land very complicated and, on the other side, the procedure takes very long time and it does not give any guarantee at its end, mainly due to the risk of competing with the other legal preemptors. An alternative solution would be to find other legal means to secure the target land. The present article presents the details of the preemption procedure provided under Law 17/2014 on the regulations regarding the sale and purchase of agricultural land outside buildable areas and for the amendment of Law No. 268/2001 on the privatisation of companies administering the State's publicly and privately owned agricultural land and for the creation of the Agency for the State's Domain ("Law 17").

Summary: The majority of countries attempting to switch from conventional energy sources to renewable energy sources have decided to make significant investments in these projects. Considering renewable energy is an industry with a high level of investment expenses, assessing investment risks is critical to making efficient investment strategies. Howbeit, since risk assessment is dependent on expert opinions, uncertainty in the judgment of the consultants should be avoided. In this study, a novel hybrid failure mode and effect analysis approach is proposed to assess the investment risks of renewable energy projects. Results indicated that wind energy is the most appropriate alternative considering technical, marketability, environmental, economic, social aspects. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis is carried out and the robustness and validity of results from the proposed approach are examined. Finally, six different scenarios are considered and the results are interpreted accordingly. The findings of this study will be valuable to authorities, investors, and enterprises involved in the renewable energy projects and evaluating their investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental problems such as climate change have brought to light the necessity of implementing more stringent environmental regulations and expanding the use of renewable energy sources in order to protect the environment and maintain a green ecosystem. As a result, this study aims to investigate the impact of China’s financial development and consumption of renewable energy on the country’s environmental quality from 2009 to 2019. Following the application of the ARDL method, this research begins by employing the NARDL (non-linear autoregressive distributive lag) model in order to analyze the asymmetry in the data that results from the presence of either positive or negative aspects of financial development. The results of the NARDL bound test indicate that the variables are long-term co-integrated. This enables the application of the ARDL methodology. The ARDL bound test findings show a positive relationship that exists over the long-term between financial development, trade openness, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and CO2 emissions. In addition, the error correction model (ECM) provides evidence that there is, at least in the short run, a connection between CO2 emissions, financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption. Furthermore, according to a dynamic multiplier graph, the positive aspect of financial development has a greater influence on carbon emissions for a longer time than the shocks associated with a less favorable financial development. According to the findings, there does not appear to be any asymmetry between CO2 emissions and financial development, which supports the idea that both the positive and negative aspects of financial development have an equally significant impact.

The emerging disputes in the energy sector are the subject of litigation, and with the increase in global demand for energy production from its renewable sources, investments tended to allow the exploration and development of renewable energy sources in countries that may lack in this field, and to encourage investment and investors, it became necessary to have a stable legislative framework that provides binding protection For investors to settle disputes as stipulated in local laws and bilateral and multilateral investment treaties. Renewable energy sources, which take place between the investor and the host country for the investment or one of its agencies, include a set of intertwined topics, in which disagreements and disputes may arise between the two parties. renewable and in a manner that preserves the rights of both parties as well. Therefore, arbitration has become a topic of interest They are in the field of investment contracts in general, and the importance of this method increased after the flourishing of international trade, as it became in the form of international organizations, bodies, and centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A human-induced rise in temperatures is exacerbating droughts and other adverse weather events. Fossil fuels as a primary energy source contribute to global warming. It is, therefore, necessary to boost the number of renewable energy initiatives. To better comprehend how to improve renewable energy initiatives, simultaneous evaluation of a range of influential factors is required. This study examined financial development, economic progress, and energy pricing to understand how they affect energy consumption. Using the nonlinear autoregression distributed lag model, we analyzed the effect of financial inclusion on renewable energy consumption in China's 30 provinces from 2000 to 2020. The data showed that financial development has a considerable impact on renewable energy use. The findings of this study revealed that every 1% increase in financial development leads to a 0.24% increase in renewable energy use. This study's primary goal is to offer China a framework for increasing renewable energy investments that are socially and economically viable. This study also paves the way for other nations that import energy. As a result, it will be easier to meet sustainability targets if more projects employ renewable energy after this pandemic. • There is a dire need to measure the relationship between financial inclusion and renewable energy development. • Every 1% increase in financial development leads to a 0.24% increase in renewable energy use in case of China. • Every 1% increase in the urban population leads to an increase in renewable energy by 1.22%. • Financial development, renewable energy use is negatively associated with a rise in income disparity. • A 1% increase in economic disparity is associated with a 0.58% decrease in the use of renewable energy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growth in renewable energy (RE) projects showed the importance of utility electrical energy storage. High-capacity batteries are used in most RE projects to store energy generated from those facilities. High-capacity batteries require a compartment that satisfies the condition needed for the best operation and battery lifetime utilization. Batteries compartment design recommendations are not directly available to engineers. Few recommendations are scattered in fires, building codes, and IEEE recommended practices. A comprehensive review of all available recommendations given in codes, IEEE, and by some major manufacturers was done. This paper provides recommendations to engineers working on RE projects on how to design and build a batteries compartments that ensure safe handling, operation, and end of life for those batteries. Those recommendations are essential to avoid near-fatal incidents and to guarantee human and system safety. Staff and fire safety, compartment design, battery placement, and end-of-life storage recommendations were presented in this work.

It is notorious that the new subventions from which will benefit also Romania (PNNR)2 triggered a significant interest for the investor who intend to invest in this renewable energy field. One of the important milestones of such project is securing the land. In the previous periods during which similar investments have been done, the acquisition of such land was a feasible economic business model for the investors. This meanly due the low price of the agricultural land located outside the buildable areas in Romania. Meanwhile, this business model seems to be quite difficult to be replicated again due to some new legislative amendments enacted by Romania. On one side, these make such acquisition of such land very complicated and, on the other side, the procedure takes very long time and it does not give any guarantee at its end, mainly due to the risk of competing with the other legal preemptors. An alternative solution would be to find other legal means to secure the target land. The present article presents the details of the preemption procedure provided under Law 17/2014 on the regulations regarding the sale and purchase of agricultural land outside buildable areas and for the amendment of Law No. 268/2001 on the privatisation of companies administering the State's publicly and privately owned agricultural land and for the creation of the Agency for the State's Domain ("Law 17"). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study to examine how critical success factors (CSFs) affect the project success (PS), directly and indirectly, using the despotic leadership (DL) as a mediating variable. Critical success factors with multiple dimensions, such as organizational factors, team factors, technical factors, and communication factors, were used in this study. In this study, we used a questionnaire survey approach. The data were collected from the project directors, project managers, functional managers, and team leaders working in the renewable energy project of Pakistan. For data analysis, we used the partial least squares structural equation modeling through SmartPLS 3.2. The outcomes indicate that team factors and communication factors have a positive and significant relationship with PS in the direct relationship. At the same time, organization factors and technical factors were insignificant in the direct relationship with PS. Moreover, to examine the mediating effects of despotic leadership, we have examined the indirect effects of critical success factors on PS. The findings of this study indicate that DL is not mediated between organizational factors and PS in the indirect relationship. However, DL negatively mediates between three factors (team, technical, and communication) of critical success factors on project success. This paper concludes that despotic leaders go beyond controlling and self-serving behaviour and are engaged in exploitative and unethical acts that can drain project resources, which reduce the success and sustainability of renewable energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Renewable energy projects (REPs) are critical to providing a clean and sustainable environmental perspective alongside the economic prosperity of any country. Unfortunately, recent trends in renewable energy projects (REPs) are not positive enough regarding their successful completion within the budgeted cost, planned time, proposed quality, and other necessary constraints. Although the pertinent literature has discussed the critical success factors (CSFs) for such projects, their influencing mechanism with respect to the role of key stakeholders is still overlooked. This study recognizes several critical success factors (CSFs) and their influencing mechanisms onto renewable energy projects (REPs) in order to evaluate direct influences onto project success as well as indirect influences through stakeholders’ satisfaction (SS) as mediation on the project success of small and medium-sized renewable energy projects (REPs) in Pakistan’s energy sector. A sample of about 272 respondents working with renewable energy projects (REPs), including key stakeholders, has been collected to perform data analysis and draw inferences. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used for data analysis and inference drawing. The results show that though there is a positive and direct association between critical success factors (CSFs) and project success, a partial mediating role of stakeholders’ satisfaction (SS) between CSFs and project success was still determined. Hence, it was found that CSFs significantly contribute to renewable energy projects (REPs) through mediating influences of stakeholders’ satisfaction (SS). The findings confirmed that stakeholders’ satisfaction (SS) is a key determinant for critical success factors (CSFs) in renewable energy projects (REPs). Moreover, stakeholders’ satisfaction (SS) emerged to be a crucial element for the completion of such projects. The empirical findings of this study might have a useful effect on academicians and the practitioners engaged with renewable energy projects (REPs).

This article is an analysis of the development of global offshore renewable energy in general with a focus in offshore wind, as the most rapidly maturing source in a body of water. Considering the rapid growth of clean power technologies and keeping in mind the target set out by the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to limit global temperature increases to 1.5°C versus higher levels, the world can witness 100% transition to renewable energy by 2050. The overview of a recent study published by Stanford University in which authors designed a framework to replace 99.7% of fossil fuel energy in 143 countries with wind, water and solar provides a vision of future energy infrastructure and climate change policymaking as it is seen by scientists. Offshore wind is assumed viable in Ukraine; however, at the date of writing this article no offshore wind farms exist in this country. Are there offshore renewable prospects for Ukraine? Why offshore wind would be beneficial? Can this industry evolve successfully without government support? And if it cannot, what legislative activities can drive offshore renewable power in Ukraine? The article aimed to answer these questions based on the experience in the United States where offshore wind is poised to play a significant role in future energy infrastructure.

Energy plays a vital role in the development and well-being of any country. Finding the right energy projects and investing in them could lead to improving the overall condition of nations. Despite the importance of evaluation of energy projects, several factors complicate this issue. The efficiency of projects, reliability of assessments and uncertainty are some of the major issues in energy project evaluation. To simultaneously address all of these essential issues, this paper presents a new approach in renewable energy project evaluation based on the concepts of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and fuzzy simulation of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IVIFSs). The concept of DEA is developed, and a new approach based on introducing a new simulation method for IVIFSs is presented. Moreover, the approach is the last aggregation that avoids information loss. To illustrate the process of this approach, a case study from the literature is adopted and solved. A sensitivity analysis is carried out, and the results are displayed. • Proposing a new division model to address on energy project evaluation. • Introducing a new IVIF-DEA to improve the ability of DEA in computational process. • Increasing the flexibility of IVIF-DEA by a new conversion function. • Presenting a new simulation approach to create IFSs based on the input IVIFSs. • Providing a last aggregation process to avoid information loss in the evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Around the globe, investment in renewable energy projects has been increased significantly since the last decade. However, recent trends of completed renewable energy projects are not positive enough regarding the significantly contributing through their operational performance. This study is an attempt to figure out the role of financial and non‐financial measures for the performance of renewable energy projects. A sample of 272x respondents was collected from the key project personnel in a view to assessing the influencing mechanisms of financial and non‐financial performance measures toward success in renewable energy projects. The data was collected through a convenient survey method from the employees working on managerial and technical positions in the small and medium‐sized renewable energy projects in Pakistan. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to perform data analysis and draw inferences. It was found that the success of renewable energy projects is largely depending on the influences of both financial and non‐financial performance measures. Moreover, both the financial and non‐financial performance measures were also found to be interlinked with each other positively and significantly. In addition, the role of financial performance measure compares to non‐financial performance measure was found to be more significant while contributing toward project success in renewable energy projects. The results also show that both the financial and non‐financial performance measures function as complements instead of substitute, while contributing toward renewable energy project success. Despite the role of financial measure is higher in contributing to project success as compare to non‐financial performance measure, ultimately both measures are necessary for sustainable project success in renewable energy projects. The research findings provide new insights for governments, policymakers, investors, and key stakeholders working on renewable energy projects to understand the measures driving better performance in such projects, alongside adding a knowledge base for future researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy projects (REPs) are critical to providing a clean and sustainable environmental perspective alongside the economic prosperity of any country. Unfortunately, recent trends in renewable energy projects (REPs) are not positive enough regarding their successful completion within the budgeted cost, planned time, proposed quality, and other necessary constraints. Although the pertinent literature has discussed the critical success factors (CSFs) for such projects, their influencing mechanism with respect to the role of key stakeholders is still overlooked. This study recognizes several critical success factors (CSFs) and their influencing mechanisms onto renewable energy projects (REPs) in order to evaluate direct influences onto project success as well as indirect influences through stakeholders' satisfaction (SS) as mediation on the project success of small and medium-sized renewable energy projects (REPs) in Pakistan's energy sector. A sample of about 272 respondents working with renewable energy projects (REPs), including key stakeholders, has been collected to perform data analysis and draw inferences. A structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used for data analysis and inference drawing. The results show that though there is a positive and direct association between critical success factors (CSFs) and project success, a partial mediating role of stakeholders' satisfaction (SS) between CSFs and project success was still determined. Hence, it was found that CSFs significantly contribute to renewable energy projects (REPs) through mediating influences of stakeholders' satisfaction (SS). The findings confirmed that stakeholders' satisfaction (SS) is a key determinant for critical success factors (CSFs) in renewable energy projects (REPs). Moreover, stakeholders' satisfaction (SS) emerged to be a crucial element for the completion of such projects. The empirical findings of this study might have a useful effect on academicians and the practitioners engaged with renewable energy projects (REPs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stakeholder engagement is increasingly becoming a part of practice in delivering successful project outcomes. However, there is a limitation of studies on how the stakeholder engagement approaches are being implemented primarily towards mega-scale projects such as renewable energy projects. This paper intends to fill the gap by analyzing the relationship between ten identified constructs of stakeholder engagement and renewable energy project success. Data was collected through survey questionnaires applied to the Renewable Energy Power Providers (REPPs) in Malaysia, using stratified random sampling. SPSS ver.23 and SmartPLS 3.0 was applied to test measurement and structural models of this study. The findings revealed that effective communication, continuous consultation, understand intention and behavior, implement plans, build good relationships, analyze changes, risk mitigation, compromise conflicts, understand project success and good project governance were significant critical constructs of stakeholder engagement that were confirmed as drivers that influenced the renewable energy project successfully. It is apparent that this study allows the contribution to the body of knowledge of project management and offers some important insights into limited literature on stakeholder engagement. This study also shed light on the key stakeholders’ groups in developing successful renewable energy projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2011, Bahrain Petroleum Company inaugurated the country's first Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a demonstration project, which partially supplies the electricity required for the reception hall of the company's park. Data collected from the system for a full year were analyzed to assess the performance of this grid-connected HRES, which comprises of two primary renewable energy sources – a photovoltaic panel and a wind turbine – with a total-rated capacity of 5.7 kW and three secondary/backup systems – batteries, hydrogen/fuel cell, and public grid. This article presents the results of the conducted analysis which included assessment of the energy supply and demand, the different components' efficiencies, the effect of dust on the PV panel performance, the contribution of the batteries, hydrogen storage system, and the fuel cell, the amount of CO2 avoided and emitted due to operation, the cost of energy produced, and finally upgrading the system for autonomous operation. Although the system was not economically feasible, it well served the community by creating public awareness of renewable energy and by providing an opportunity for researchers to gain hands-on experience of different renewable energy technologies and to study the challenges associated to implementing such technologies in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of community-owned renewable energy projects in Western Europe are rooted in favorable internal community dynamics and an enabling policy contexts. However, in countries like Romania, community-owned renewable energy projects (COREPs) are almost inexistent. By looking at solar power projects in northwestern Romania we discover that, out of 97 projects deployed in rural areas, only two are owned by the local communities. This paper seeks to find out what is the general context surrounding community-renewables interplay in Romania. Specifically it discusses the ways in which public policies hinder the development of COREPs and what alternatives could be implemented to change this situation. For this task, present research relies on a multi-method approach combining questionnaires with local authorities, document analysis and a series of in-depth interviews with representatives of local authorities owning the two COREPs. Based on the empirical data, this paper finds that there is a weak relationship between renewable energy projects and host communities. Even in the case when local authorities own the project, we cannot discuss about effective COREPs in Romania yet. Public policies in the field are quite restrictive, centralized and inflexible, while the selection mechanisms exclude small and peripheral communities from the opportunity of reaping the benefits of renewable energy projects. Discussing with representatives of local communities I also found that projects are poorly integrated in the local socio-economic landscape. The implementation and the management of the projects are outsourced to private companies from outside of these communities. On the bright side, I argue that the two COREPs still produced important benefits for local communities in terms of savings for the local budget, support for innovative thinking (to avoid the difficult bureaucratic processes) and increasing self-awareness of the local authorities regarding their energy options and negotiation capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to their enormous impact on the sustainable development of energy security, climate change, and the economy, multiple renewable-energy projects are carried out around the world, both in developed and in developing countries. Since the construction of renewable energy project is an entrepreneurial activity, there is a big concern about the success of such projects. Although pertinent literature suggests several methodologies to enhance the success of various projects, renewable-energy projects are still overlooked. This study identifies multiple critical success factors (CSFs), required for renewable-energy projects. Using a sample of 272 firms working on renewable energy projects in Pakistan, a quantitative and causal study was undertaken to identify the critical success factors (CSFs). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test and verify hypothesis. The results show that there is a strong direct dependency of project success over the proposed factors, however environmental factors are found to be the only predominant CSFs which show the significant indirect effect over project success. The study expected to contribute towards and widen up the existing knowledge base for the project performance of renewable energy projects by adding on the findings regarding critical success factors.

Renewable energy (RE) is emerging as a solution in order to replace fossil fuels and become the primary source of energy consumption. Investments in the RE sector involve huge amounts of capital but also many risks. Public sector plays an important role in promoting RE projects but due to the need for reducing public expenditure the private sector becomes essential in financing this type of projects. Project Finance is widely used in RE projects and is especially attractive to the private sector because it can fund major projects off balance sheet. The objective of this paper is to present a decision making tool for helping the private sector on the selection process of RE projects to be funded. The problem could be considered as a multiple criteria decision-making problem where both, financial and non-financial criteria have to be taken into account. Objective aggregation weights for those criteria are obtained using the Moderate Pessimism Decision Making approach and a final ranking of the projects is obtained.

As the energy demands increasing globally, a lot of energy related challenges are evolving including global warming, energy sustainability and environmental pollution, which have forced countries to endorse renewable energy development policies proactively. As in result a lot of renewable energy projects are carried out around the world, which are facing numerous challenges and barriers, resulting in failure for many of recent projects. Although governments have launched several initiatives vis-à-vis renewable energy development in response, however such actions are limited to promote the renewable energy consumption, the implementation strategies for renewable energy projects and best practices are still overlooked. This study presents a systematical investigation on critical success factors (CSFs) affecting renewable energy projects. Through systematic process, a total of 41 significant success factors (SSFs) for renewable energy projects have been identified which are further extracted into 5 critical success factors (CSFs). In addition, CSFs have been prioritized through multiple linear regression analysis by SPSS 20, using the survey results of 272 firms working on renewable energy projects in Pakistan. Finally, a novel causal model is established to demonstrate the interaction mechanisms for ensuring success in renewable energy projects by the SSFs and CSFs. The results demonstrate that environmental factors are the predominant CSFs with highest correlation (0.592) which show the significant effect (33.8%) over project success. The findings not only help to understand the critical success factors for renewable energy projects in Pakistan, but also offer useful references for other countries that intend to promote renewable energy projects in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful renewable energy projects are crucial to bring the cleaner and sustainable environment of this universe. Owed to this, world's countries and policymakers are trying hard to double the current share of renewable energy consumptions (18.3%) by 2030, which has been resulting in the construction of multiple renewable energy projects. This study identifies multiple critical success factors (CSFs) and their influences mechanisms, required for renewable-energy projects. Using a sample of 272 firms working on renewable energy projects in Pakistan, a quantitative and causal study was undertaken to identify the efficiency (short-run success) and effectiveness (long-run success) mechanisms of critical success factors in renewable energy projects. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test and verify hypothesis. The results show that though the efficiency and effectiveness of critical success factors in renewable energy projects are equally important, the effectiveness (long-run success) in renewable energy projects is mainly depends upon the efficiency (short-run success) of the critical success factors (CSFs) involved in such kind of projects. The study expected to contribute towards and widen up the existing knowledge base for the renewable energy projects by adding on the findings regarding the influences mechanisms of critical success factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owed to their enormous impact on the sustainable development of energy security, climate change, and the economy, multiple renewable-energy projects are carried out around the world, both in developed and in developing countries. Since the construction of renewable energy project is an entrepreneurial activity, there is a big concern about the success of such projects. Although pertinent literature suggests several methodologies to enhance the success of various projects, renewable-energy projects are still overlooked. This study identifies multiple critical success factors (CSFs), required for renewable-energy projects. Using a sample of 272 firms working on renewable energy projects in Pakistan, a quantitative and causal study was undertaken to identify the critical success factors (CSFs). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to test and verify hypothesis. The results show that there is a strong direct dependency of project success over the proposed factors, however environmental factors are found to be the only predominant CSFs which show the significant indirect effect on project success. The study expected to contribute towards and widen up the existing knowledge base for the project performance of renewable energy projects by adding on the findings regarding critical success factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy projects (REPs) are viewed as a resource for the development of rural, peripheral communities. Going beyond the simplistic understanding of renewable energy technology as an independent variable, the current study looks into what the interaction between renewables and host communities brings in terms of innovation and development. Relying on a combination of primary and secondary data, both qualitative and quantitative, we observed that for the case of northwest Romania the fast development of REPs had no impact on classic economic indicators such as employment or revenue to the local budget. Looking closely at the impact on innovation as an important explanatory factor of peripheralization, in the majority of researched cases we saw no technical nor policy-related innovation associated with REPs. The presence of a privately-owned project in the territory of the community acted as a possible catalyst for considering developing their own REPs however. Owning a renewable energy project at the same time proved to have a positive impact on policy-related innovation. Moreover, communities that developed and manage their own REPs seem also to be more interested in changing the existing technological arrangements as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Just transition means that society shares both tangible and intangible costs and benefits of transitioning to a low-carbon economy in a socially just way. Across Canada, Indigenous peoples are shouldering a disproportionate social and economic burden on non-renewable sources as well as transitioning to renewable sources of energy due to high costs, lack of appropriate technology to store excess power, and remoteness of the region. This study aims to promote the significance of Northern energy transition through Indigenous perspectives (technological-social) in advancing a low carbon future as an act of truth and reconciliation (2015) in the Northwest Territories (NWT). In the NWT successful progress for climate change issues have been made pre-Covid with a plurality of perspectives but there is room for an improved post-Covid process that requires an emphasis on the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives (technological-social) as equal to non-Indigenous perspectives (technological). Results identify three themes, which are Indigenous land ethos (Mother Earth relationality), community energy autonomy (informed leadership), and capacity training (humanizing outreach) as key drivers to future just transition in the Northwest Territories., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2023 The Authors.)