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In recent years, the number of clinical practice guidelines for the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and western medicine(WM) has been increasing year by year. However, there are obvious problems of "knot without compatibility". The recommendations of TCM and WM are mostly independent, inconsistent with the actual clinical diagnoses and treatment processes, and lacking in important information. All the above issues are unable to bring the role of the cooperation between TCM and WM in improving clinical practice. In order to achieve the organic integration of Chinese and western medicine, the research team has carried out methodological research in response to the above-mentioned problems. In November 2023, China Association for Standardization released the Specifications for Developing Clinical Practice Guidelines for Organic Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine at the 6th-8th Academic Annual Meeting of the Clinical Research Branch of China Information Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Therefore, this paper interprets the formulation process, scope of application and main content of the specification, with the aim of improving the overall quality of related research and promoting the collaborative development of the integration of TCM and WM.

Objective To explore the construction of a real-world data annotation platform, and compare the real-world data extraction performance of retrieval augmented generation (RAG) combined with large language models and pre-training fine-tuning methods for pre-trained language models.Methods Taking the pathological records of bladder cancer in the real world electronic medical record data as an example, a real-world data annotation platform was built. Based on the platform annotation data, the effects of automatic extraction of cancer typing and staging of bladder cancer using RAG combined with GPT-3.5, and the pre- training fine tuning method based on BERT and RoBERTa models were compared. Results The extraction effects of the pre-training and fine-tuning model based on the fine-tuning of the full-training set were better than that of RAG combined with large model method and pre-training and fine-tuning model with the few-shot fine-tuning, and the effects of RoBERTa model were generally better than that of BERT model, but the extraction effects of these methods needs to be improved totally. The F1 scores for extracting bladder cancer typing, T staging, and N staging in the test set, using the RoBERTa model fine-tuned with the entire training set, were 71.06%, 50.18%, and 73.65% respectively. Conclusion Pre-trained language models have the application potential in processing clinical unstructured data, but there is still room for improvement in the information extraction effect of existing methods. Future work requires further optimization of models or training strategies to accelerate data empowerment.

With the development of medical big data, the real-world study (RWS) has received increasing attention in recent years, and has a good promising prospect. However, there are still some challenges in the implementation of RWS that has led to extensive discussion among scholars. The most urgent issue currently to be addressed is the unstructured nature of real-world data (RWD). Based on regular expressions, this study used rule-based information extraction method to extract structured information from admission records, pathological reports, surgical records, and image records of bladder cancer patients in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in recent years, and evaluated the extraction effects with accuracy and recall as indicators, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of the terminology of clinical practice guidelines and learn the expression of terminology of guidelines, to provide some reference for the research and construction of the guidelines ontology.Methods UMLS, SNOMED-CT, MeSH, OBI, schema.org, CMeSH, TCM clinical terminology, and TCMLS were systematically searched to identify and extract the terms of the guidelines and analyze the classification structure and mapping relationship of the terms of the guidelines in the ontology.Results The terms "guideline", "level of evidence" and "recommendation" were retrieved, and the hierarchical relationship, conceptual representation, and mapping relationship between the terms were analyzed.Conclusion The relevant terms of the guidelines still need to be further improved. Standardized terminology of the guidelines can eliminate the uncertainty of concepts, facilitate the development of the guidelines, and promote the sharing and utilization of guidelines' evidence and recommendations among different countries and regions.

The significance of the existence of clinical practice guidelines lies in their implementation, however, there are still many problems in the implementation of guidelines and bottlenecks in the translation of clinical evidence. The introduction of knowledge graph technology provides a solid foundation for guideline intel-ligence and a good tool for solving guideline implementation problems. The combined Traditional Chinese Medi-cine (TCM)/ Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (IM) reflect the characteristics of the healthcare system in China. Using the current status of TCM/IM diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and the current problems in the application of TCM/IM guidelines for cardiovascular diseases, this study defined the objectives of constructing a knowledge graph for TCM/IM clinical guidelines for cardiovascular diseases, and accordingly designed a knowledge graph framework for TCM/IM clinical guidelines that is con-sistent with professional knowledge and practical application. We analyzed the scope of the guidelines, ar-ranged their content and summarized their knowledge structure. We then established concept structure tables and entity semantic relationship tables. The design of the knowledge graph framework for TCM/IM guidelines proposed in this paper provides a basis for the digitization and communication of guidelines, and is conducive to promoting their implementation and dissemination.

Objective: Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (TCM and WM) are important medical documents used to assist medical decision‐making and are of great significance for standardizing clinical pathways. However, due to the constraints of text format, it is difficult for Integrated TCM and WM CPGs to play a real role in medical practice. In addition, how to standardize the structure and semantic relationships between Integrated TCM and WM CPG knowledge, and realize the construction of computable, sharable and reliable CPGs, remains an urgent issue to be addressed. Therefore, we are proposing an ontology of CPGs for Integrated TCM and WM. Methods: We first initialized domain concepts and relationships to ensure the accuracy of the ontology knowledge structure. We then screened CPGs that meet the standards for Integrated TCM and WM, analyzed and classified the contents, and extracted the common structures. Based on the seven‐step ontology construction method combined with inference‐complement, referring to the representation methods and hierarchical relationships of terms and concepts in MeSH, ICD‐10, SNOMED‐CT, and other ontologies and terminology sets, we formed the concept structure and semantic relationship tables for the ontology. We also achieved the matching and mapping between the ontology and reference ontologies and term sets. Next, we defined the aspects and constraints of properties, selected multiple Integrated TCM and WM CPGs as instances to populate, and used ontology reasoning tools and formulated defined inference rules to reason and extend the ontology. Finally, we evaluated the performance of the ontology. Results: The content of the Integrated TCM and WM CPGs is divided into nine parts: basic information, background, development method, clinical question, recommendation, evidence, conclusion, result, and reason for recommendations. The Integrated TCM and WM CPG ontology has 152 classes and defines 90 object properties and 114 data properties, with a maximum classification depth of 4 layers. The terms of disease, drug and examination item names in the ontology have been standardized. Conclusions: This study proposes an Integrated TCM and WM CPG ontology. The ontology adopts a modular design, which has both sharing and scaling ability, and can express rich guideline knowledge. It provides important support for the semantic processing and computational application of guideline documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flotation is considered as an effective and energy efficient method for harvesting microalgae. However, the interaction mechanism between bubble-algae cell and cell-cell interfacial boundaries in microalgae flotation is not completely clear. To better understand the effects of surface characteristics on microalgae flotation performance, the hydrophobicity and the zeta potential of two different microalgae species were quantified based on experimental measurements and the extended DLVO (Derjagin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek) theory. Flotation experiments were then carried out and the effects of surface characteristics on microalgae flotation performance were analyzed. Algae Chlorella vulgaris and Anabaena vasriabilis show naturally hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, respectively. The addition of a cationic surfactant (C16TAB) can modify hydrophilic microalgae cells into hydrophobic and further Chlorella hydrophobicity is enhanced with increased C16TAB concentrations. The zeta potentials of both algae strains are negative in the tested pH range. Compared with Chlorella vulgaris, the magnitude of zeta potential of Anabaena vasriabilis is found larger at the same pH, resulting in a more dispersed distribution in the suspension. In addition, flotation experiments demonstrated that microalgae hydrophobicity and zeta potential have significant impacts on the harvesting efficiency and concentration factor. The hydrophobic attraction is found to play a more important role in determining the harvesting performance than electrostatic repulsion between the interacting surfaces, especially for hydrophobicity algae in the present study. Finally, the highest flotation efficiency and the highest concentration factor could not be concurrently obtained for both algae strains, suggesting that optimized flotation conditions should be selected as a compromise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]