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Gossypol is a yellow polyphenol naturally produced by Malvaceae plants such as cotton, which mainly exists in roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of cotton. Gossypol has animal toxicity, and long-term intake of gossypol will accumulate in livestock and cause poisoning, resulting in decreased fecundity, organ lesions, and even death of animals. The cotton output in Xinjiang is huge, accounting for more than 80% of the whole country. After cotton harvest, most of the waste cotton straws are directly crushed and returned to the field, resulting in great waste of resources. Cotton straw is rich in crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which is equivalent to common crop straw in nutritional components. However, its gossypol content exceeded the standard, which limited the application of cotton straw feed. How to achieve efficient and low-cost detoxification of gossypol has become the key factor to determining the fodder of cotton straw. The structure, properties, toxicity, detoxification technology, and detoxification mechanism of gossypol were summarized in this paper, which provided a reference for feed utilization of cotton straw. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerobic composting experiments were conducted using lincomycin mycelia wastes (dreg) and manure (T), using sewage sludge with manure as a control (CK). High performance liquid phase methods and high throughput sequencing were used to determine the concentration of lincomycin residue and to characterize the microbial community. The results showed that lincomycin was reduced significantly, with the concentration decreasing from 1800 mg·kg -1 to 483 mg·kg -1 , accounting for 73% degradation. In addition, the bacterial community abundance and diversity indices were all lower than that of sludge-manure at the mesophilic and thermophilic phases, because of the high concentration of lincomycin residue in lincomycin mycelia dreg. By contrast, the fungal community abundance and diversity indices showed the reverse, due to the high content of organic matter and nitrogen in lincomycin mycelia dreg. Therefore, the microbial communities were greatly different between T and CK treatment with the domain genera of Paucisalibacillus , Cerasibacillus , Bacillus , Virgibacillus , Ureibacillus , Paenibacillus, and Sinibacillus in T compost and Truepera , Actinomadura , Pseudosphingobacterium , Pseudomonas , Luteimonas and Ureibacillus in CK compost. However, as the composting continued to a mature phase, most of the lincomycin was reduced, and the differences between the two microbial communities gradually decreased. This showed that composting could make lincomycin mycelia dreg harmless and could be used to turn it into a resource.