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Dawei Ren,1 Yan Zhang,1 Bo Du,1 Lina Wang,2 Meiheng Gong,1 Wei Zhu1 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pediatric Respiration, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wei Zhu, Email zhuwei@jlu.edu.cnBackground: Electrical stimulation (ES) can effectively promote skin wound healing; however, single-electrode-based ES strategies are difficult to cover the entire wound area, and the effectiveness of ES is often limited by the inconsistent mechanical properties of the electrode and wound tissue. The above factors may lead to ES treatment is not ideal.Methods: A multifunctional conductive hydrogel dressing containing methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), Ti3C2 and collagen binding antimicrobial peptides (V-Os) was developed to improve wound management. Ti3C2 was selected as the electrode component due to its excellent electrical conductivity, the modified antimicrobial peptide V-Os could replace traditional antibiotics to suppress bacterial infections, and GelMA hydrogel was used due to its clinical applicability in wound healing.Results: The results showed that this new hydrogel dressing (GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os) not only has excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility but also has a durable and efficient bactericidal effect. The modified antimicrobial peptides V-Os used were able to bind more closely to GelMA hydrogel to exert long-lasting antibacterial effects. The results of cell experiment showed that the GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os hydrogel dressing could enhance the effect of current stimulation and significantly improve the migration, proliferation and tissue repair related genes expression of fibroblasts. In vitro experiments results showed that under ES, GelMA@Ti3C2/V-Os hydrogel dressing could promote re-epithelialization, enhance angiogenesis, mediate immune response and prevent wound infection.Conclusion: This multifunctional nanocomposite hydrogel could provide new strategies for promoting infectious wound healing. Keywords: MXene, GelMA, electrical stimulation, antimicrobial peptides, wound healing

Qingzhu Zhang,1,2 Yinhui Yao,3 Yufeng Chen,1 Dong Ren,1 Pengcheng Wang1 1Orthopedic Trauma Service Center, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Major Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Pengcheng Wang, Orthopedic Trauma Service Center, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Major Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People’s Republic of China, Email zhengzainingmeng@163.comAim: A high percentage of the elderly suffer from knee osteoarthritis (KOA), which imposes a certain economic burden on them and on society as a whole. The purpose of this study is to examine the risk of KOA and to develop a KOA nomogram model that can timely intervene in this disease to decrease patient psychological burdens.Methods: Data was collected from patients with KOA and without KOA at our hospital from February 2021 to February 2023. Initially, a comparison was conducted between the variables, identifying statistical differences between the two groups. Subsequently, the risk of KOA was evaluated using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator method and multivariate logistic regression to determine the most effective predictive index and develop a prediction model. The examination of the disease risk prediction model in KOA includes the corresponding nomogram, which encompasses various potential predictors. The assessment of disease risk entails the application of various metrics, including the consistency index (C index), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, the calibration chart, the GiViTi calibration band, and the model for predicting KOA. Furthermore, the potential clinical significance of the model is explored through decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical influence curve analysis.Results: The study included a total of 582 patients, consisting of 392 patients with KOA and 190 patients without KOA. The nomogram utilized age, haematocrit, platelet count, apolipoprotein a1, potassium, magnesium, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and estimated glomerular filtration rate as predictors. The C index, AUC, calibration plot, Giviti calibration band, DCA and clinical influence KOA indicated the ability of nomogram model to differentiate KOA.Conclusion: Using nomogram based on disease risk, high-risk KOA can be identified directly without imaging.Keywords: decision support, knee osteoarthritis, nomogram, predictors, risk factors

Keyang Li,1,* Debao Li,2,* Hongliang Dong,1 Dongmei Ren,2 Dandan Gong,1 Shubo Wang,1 Yang Li,1 Yuanyuan Wu,1 Jikang Yang,3 Wenjuan Yan,4 Yi Li4 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 3Infectious Diseases Department, Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, Jiaozuo, Henan, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Wenjuan Yan; Yi Li, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Henan Provincial People’s Hospital, Weiwu Road 7#, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 15225061830 ; +86 15939039006, Email yanwenjuan2008@126.com; liyilabmed@henu.edu.cnPurpose: Since the introduction of ceftazidime–avibactam (CZA) in the Chinese market, accumulating clinical evidence has substantiated its efficacy in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). Nevertheless, an ongoing debate persists concerning the choice between monotherapy and combination therapy when devising clinical anti-infection protocols.Patients and Methods: This retrospective, single-center observational study enrolled patients with CR-GNB infections who received CZA treatment between December 2019 and August 2023. The primary outcome assessed was 30-day mortality, and the secondary outcome measured was 14-day bacterial clearance. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify variables that were independently associated with 30-day mortality rate.Results: Eighty-three patients were enrolled in the study; of which, 45 received CZA monotherapy, whereas 38 received combination therapy. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 31.3%, and no significant difference was observed in the 30-day mortality rates between the CZA combination therapy and monotherapy groups (31.6% vs 31.1%, p=0.963). After adjustment by propensity score matching, the 30-day mortality rate was not significantly different between the two groups (28.6% vs 31.4%, p=0.794). Multivariate COX analysis revealed that age and SOFA score were independent predictors of 30-day mortality.Conclusion: Combination therapy with CZA and other antimicrobials was not found to have an advantage over monotherapy in reducing the 30-day mortality rate.Keywords: ceftazidime-avibactam, carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria, combination therapy K. pneumoniae carbapenemase

Zheng Yang, Zhanli Shi, Kun Fang, Danhong Ren Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Danhong Ren, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China, Email rendanhong330@zcmu.edu.cnBackground: Rickettsia japonica infection is a rare disease, it is rare to report critical and severe case caused by this disease in Zhejiang Province, China.Patient Concerns: We report a patient who initially sought medical attention due to fever and developed coma and convulsions during treatment. The patient did not develop typical eschar and rash. Eventually, the patient needed to be treated in the intensive care unit due to acute respiratory failure.Diagnoses: The patient was diagnosed with Rickettsia japonica bloodstream infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS).Outcomes: Due to the critical illness, the patient was transferred to the intensive care unit, received doxycycline and other treatments, and rapidly recovered and discharged.Conclusion: The patient developed a critical illness after being infected with Rickettsia, when the medical history is unclear and clinical symptoms and signs are atypical, it is necessary to use mNGS examination for diagnosis.Keywords: rickettsia japonica, rickettsiosis, infection, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, critical illness

Dongyue Ren,1 Lin He,2 Xiaoling Pang1 1Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 2Good Clinical Practice Institution, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiaoling Pang, Department of Emergency, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, No. 4 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, Shenyang, 110032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-18900913992, Email xlpang@cmu.edu.cnObjective: This study aimed to investigate the association of CLTA-4 gene polymorphism with Type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (T1DM and T2DM) in the Han population of northern China.Methods: A total of 234 Chinese Han DM patients and 187 non-diabetic subjects were included in the study. Two gene polymorphisms of the CLTA-4, including CTLA-4+49A/G (rs231775) and CTLA4-318C/T (rs5742909), were studied using polymerase chain reaction-restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. Chi-square analysis and Student’s t-test were performed to determine the distribution of the gene polymorphism and alleles at the locus of CTLA4-318C/T and CTLA4+49A/G among T1DM and T2DM patients with or without diabetic ketosis (DK), diabetic nephropathy (DN) or autoantibodies (Ab).Results: Our results indicated that the distribution frequencies of genotypes and alleles at the CTLA-4+49A/G and CTLA4-318C/T loci of T1DM patients were not significantly different from those of the controls. However, the distribution frequencies of genotypes and alleles at the CTLA-4+49A/G loci of T2DM patients were significantly different from the controls (P=0.024 for genotypes and P=0.004 for A and G alleles). Besides, the A and G alleles at the CTLA4-318C/T loci of T2DM DK+ patients showed significantly different distribution frequencies compared to those of the T2DM DK patients (P=0.001).Conclusion: Our data suggest that the gene polymorphisms of CTLA-4, including CTLA-4+49A/G and CTLA4-318C/T, are important predictors of DM. CTLA-4 may be a susceptibility gene for T2DM. Patients with T2DM carrying the T allele at the CTLA4-318 C/T locus are more predisposed to diabetic ketosis.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, gene polymorphism, CTLA-4, diabetic ketosis, diabetic nephropathy, autoantibodies

Dan Ren,1 Wen-Ling Wang,2 Gang Wang,2 Wei-Wei Chen,2 Xiao-Kai Li,2 Guo-Dong Li,2 Sai-Xi Bai,2 Hong-Min Dong,2 Wang-Hua Chen2 1Oncology Department, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Abdominal Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Wen-Ling WangDepartment of Abdominal Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No. 1 Beijin West Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550000, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 138 8507 7539Fax +86 851 86512900Email wangww35@outlook.comObjective: The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram-based model to predict the three-year and five-year overall survival (OS) of patients with stage II/III colon cancer following radical resection.Methods: A total of 1156 patients with stage II/III colon cancer who underwent radical resection at the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University between December 2012 and December 2018 were enrolled. Lasso regression was used to screen out 12 variables: age, prealbumin, albumin, degree of differentiation, total tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, T stage, N stage, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), platelet/lymphocyte count, carcinoembryonic antigen, carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The data set was then randomly split into a modeling set and a validation set, and the bootstrap method was used to verify the internal validity of the final model. A nomogram was then used to present the model, and the risk groups were categorized according to the total score in the nomogram.Results: This study established and developed a simple, easy-to-use predictive model that included age, degree of differentiation, N stage, CA19-9, PNI, and postoperative chemotherapy as variables. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, only postoperative chemotherapy was identified as an independent risk factor for death in patients with colon cancer. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that the model demonstrated good resolution, with an area under the curve of 0.803. Decision curve analysis indicated that the model had a good positive net gain, and the bootstrap method was used to verify its stability. In the OS rate, the C-index was 0.78. According to the total score of the nomogram, the risk group was layered by drawing the Kaplan–Meier (K–M) curve. In the three-year OS K–M curve, the survival rates of the low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group were 96%, 93%, and 82%, respectively. In the five-year OS K–M curve, the survival rates of the low-risk group, the medium-risk group, and the high-risk group were 94%, 90%, and 73%, respectively.Conclusion: The nomogram-based prediction model developed in this study is stable and has good resolution, reliability, and net gain. It will therefore be useful for clinicians performing risk stratification and postoperative monitoring and in the development of personalized treatment options for patients with stage II/III colon cancer.Keywords: colon cancer, nomogram, overall survival, prognosis

Ting Zhang,1 Bin Guan,1 Sipin Tan,2 Hong Zhu,1 Dan Ren,1 Ruomeng Li,1 Lan Xiao1 1Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of China; 2Key Laboratory of Sepsis, Translational Medicine of Hunan, Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Lan XiaoDepartment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 138 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-15802686038Email xiaol038@163.comBackground: It was indicated that nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain‑like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis is involveg in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This study was designed to explore the effect of Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture on cognitive defect and NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in AD mouse.Methods: Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as a model of AD. Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture was performed in four acupoints: “Baihui acupoint” (GV20), “Shenshu acupoint” (BL23), “Xuehai acupoint” (SP10), and “Geshu acupoint” (BL17). Morris water maze test was performed to evaluate the cognitive function of the mouse. The levels of Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, IL-1β, and IL-18 were examined by ELISA assay. Neuronal apoptosis and damage in hippocampal tissues were measured using TUNEL and Nissl staining, respectively. The expression of NLRP1, ASC, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 was examined using Western blot.Results: Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture improved the learning and memory deficits of AD mouse. Meanwhile, Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture decreased the production of Aβ in hippocampal tissues of SAMP8 mice and attenuated the neuronal apoptosis and damage. Furthermore, Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture inhibited NLRP1 inflammasome activation in SAMP8 mice.Conclusion: Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture could notably attenuate the cognitive defect of mouse AD model and inhibit NLRP1 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis.Keywords: Bushen Huoxue Acupuncture, Alzheimer’s disease, NLRP1 inflammasome, pyroptosis, hippocampal neurons

Haini Liu, 1 Jingjie Zhao, 2 Yi Cao, 1 Hualin Jiang, 3 Shaoru Zhang, 1 Zhongqiu Hua, 1 Jing Ren, 1 Dan Ren 1 1Department of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 2College of Media, Xijing University, Xian, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hualin Jiang; Shaoru ZhangHealth Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta, Xi’an, Shanxi 710061, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 029 8265 7015Fax +86 029 8265 7017Email 596684532@qq.com; tgshru011@126.comPurpose: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a major global public health issue. For DR-TB patients, effective adaptation is crucial to prevent disease progression, improve health outcomes and decrease mortality. To date, there is no appropriate tool for evaluating the adaptation status of DR-TB patients. In this work, we aim to develop an adjustment scale for DR-TB patients (AS-DRTBP) and to evaluate its psychometric properties.Patients and Methods: The development of the AS-DRTBP was based on the theory of the Roy adaptation model (RAM). The scale was designed through a literature review, in-depth individual interviews, a Delphi survey, and pilot testing. In total, 433 patients with DR-TB were recruited to validate the instrument. The split-half reliability coefficient, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and test-retest reliability coefficient were calculated to assess the reliability of the instrument. Content validity, construct validity and concurrent validity tests were applied to calculate the validity of the instrument.Results: The final AS-DRTBP consisted of four dimensions and 26 items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, split-half reliability coefficient and test-retest reliability coefficient were 0.893, 0.954, and 0.853, respectively. The content validity index was 0.92. Four factors that explained 64.605% of the total variance were also further determined by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The CFA results showed that the fitting effect of the model was appropriate (CMIN/DF = 1.681, GFI = 0.832, AGFI = 0.799, RMSEA = 0.055, SRMR = 0.0684). The AS-DRTBP and adjustment scale had correlation in the total score, and the correlation coefficient was 0.355 (p< 0.05).Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate that the AS-DRTBP is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring the adaptation status of patients with DR-TB, allowing health providers to comprehend the adaptive level of DR-TB patients and thus laying the foundation for interventions to help these patients achieve a physiologically, psychologically and socially optimal outcome.Keywords: adaptation, drug-resistant tuberculosis, validation, reliability, adjustment

Solar wind heating is an outstanding issue that has been discussed for decades. Research on the connection between solar wind particle temperatures and turbulence may provide insight into this issue. Based on Parker Solar Probe observations, this paper investigates the properties of solar wind proton and electron temperatures in relation to turbulent magnetic energy, via the calculation of correlation coefficients (CCs) between particle temperatures and magnetic energy. The calculations are regulated by the spatial scale, plasma beta (β), and the angle between the solar wind velocity and background magnetic field, where the plasma beta is the ratio of plasma thermal to magnetic pressure. Results show that the correlation between proton temperature and magnetic energy is positive and can be strong with a CC exceeding 0.8. The strong correlation preferentially occurs at ion scales, with the wind velocity and background magnetic field quasi-perpendicular and over a wide beta range (β < 3.0). On the other hand, the correlation between electron temperature and magnetic energy is commonly negative, often with an intermediate or negligible CC, accordingly. The CC with an amplitude up to 0.8 can arise at larger scales with the wind velocity and background magnetic field quasi-(anti)parallel and in the low-beta case (β < 0.6). The implication of these findings on the physics of turbulent heating in the solar wind is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yi Cao,1 Wei Chen,2 Shaoru Zhang,1,3 Hualin Jiang,3 Haini Liu,1 Zhongqiu Hua,1 Dan Ren,1 Jing Ren1 1Department of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of China; 2Nursing Department, Xi’an Chest Hospital, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shaoru ZhangHealth Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, No 76 Yanta West Road, Yanta, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710061, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 29 8265 7015Fax +86 29 8265 7017Email tgshru011@126.comPurpose: No instrument exists for measuring TB patients’ self-efficacy which is vital for choosing and insisting in benefit TB-management behaviors. Our study aimed to develop and test a new tuberculosis self-efficacy scale (TBSES).Patients and methods: The TBSES was designed through literature review, individual interviews, Delphi surveys, and pilot testing. After that, 460 TB patients were recruited to validate TBSES. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the scale reliability and validity. The cut-off point for TBSES was identified using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The final TBSES includes 21 items scored on a 5-point Likert scale, and these items are loaded in four distinct factors that explain 67.322% of the variance, both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis proved that the scale had good construct validity. The scale had adequate internal consistency, split-half reliability, test-retest reliability, as well as demonstrated content, concurrent validity. The ROC analysis results showed the cut-off point was 86.5.Conclusion: This 21-item TBSES demonstrated favorable psychometric properties. It provides an instrument for not only measuring specific self-efficacy in TB, but also identifying patients with low self-efficacy and determining the specific area toward designing interventions for enhance self-efficacy.Keywords: tuberculosis, self-efficacy, scale development, reliability, validity

Qianqian Sun,1,2 Fan Yuan,1,2 Decheng Ren,1,2 Gaini Ma,1,2 Fengping Yang,1,3 Xi Wu,1,3 Lin He,1,3 Guang He1,21Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China; 2Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Institute of Mental Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, P.R. China; 3Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, P.R. ChinaPurpose: Venlafaxine is one of the commonly prescribed antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulated evidence revealed the involvement of glutamatergic system in the pathophysiology of MDD and antidepressant treatment. Methods: We recruited 193 MDD patients who have been taking venlafaxine for 6 weeks, and investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in GSK-3β and BDNF were associated with treatment response. Nine SNPs were selected randomly depending on association studies. Efficacy of treatment was determined by 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale. Allele and genotype frequencies were compared between responders and nonresponders.Results: After adjusting the false discovery rate, no significant difference was observed between response and nonresponse groups in allele or genotype distributions after venlafaxine treatment for 6 weeks.Conclusion: Our results indicated that genetic variants in the GSK-3β and BDNF may not be associated with treatment response in MDD patients treated with venlafaxine.Keywords: association, GSK-3β, BDNF, major depressive disorder, venlafaxine

The Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) effort explores the sensitivity of the current generation of ice sheet models to external forcing to gain insight into the potential future contribution to sea level from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. All participating models simulated the ice sheet response to three types of external forcings: a change in oceanic condition, a warmer atmospheric environment, and enhanced basal lubrication. Here an analysis of the spatial response of the Greenland ice sheet is presented, and the impact of model physics and spin-up on the projections is explored. Although the modeled responses are not always homogeneous, consistent spatial trends emerge from the ensemble analysis, indicating distinct vulnerabilities of the Greenland ice sheet. There are clear response patterns associated with each forcing, and a similar mass loss at the full ice sheet scale will result in different mass losses at the regional scale, as well as distinct thickness changes over the ice sheet. All forcings lead to an increased mass loss for the coming centuries, with increased basal lubrication and warmer ocean conditions affecting mainly outlet glaciers, while the impacts of atmospheric forcings affect the whole ice sheet. Key Points Sensitivity study of Greenland to atmospheric, oceanic and subglacial forcings Each forcing result in a different regional thickness response All forcings lead to an increased mass loss for the coming centuries ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.

Atmospheric, oceanic, and subglacial forcing scenarios from the Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution (SeaRISE) project are applied to six three-dimensional thermomechanical ice-sheet models to assess Antarctic ice sheet sensitivity over a 500 year timescale and to inform future modeling and field studies. Results indicate (i) growth with warming, except within low-latitude basins (where inland thickening is outpaced by marginal thinning); (ii) mass loss with enhanced sliding (with basins dominated by high driving stresses affected more than basins with low-surface-slope streaming ice); and (iii) mass loss with enhanced ice shelf melting (with changes in West Antarctica dominating the signal due to its marine setting and extensive ice shelves; cf. minimal impact in the Terre Adelie, George V, Oates, and Victoria Land region of East Antarctica). Ice loss due to dynamic changes associated with enhanced sliding and/or sub-shelf melting exceeds the gain due to increased precipitation. Furthermore, differences in results between and within basins as well as the controlling impact of sub-shelf melting on ice dynamics highlight the need for improved understanding of basal conditions, grounding-zone processes, ocean-ice interactions, and the numerical representation of all three. Key Points Sensitivity study of Antarctica to atmospheric, oceanic and subglacial forcings Different sectors of Antarctica are vulnerable to the forcings Atmospheric forcing lead to a growth, but dynamic forcing lead to a mass loss ©2013. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.