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Historical evidence and current experience suggest the U.S. healthcare face several actual challenges. National healthcare spending – $4.8 trillion in 2023, 17.6 % of GDP – is unsustainable, constantly increasing the national debt. Average family health care costs of $31,065 per household in 2023 are unaffordable. As government regulations rise and administrative processes expand, access to medical care decreases. This previously unrecognized inverse relationship is called the seesaw relationship. Necessary medical care is so delayed that Americans experience death-by-queue. Medical autonomy has become tense, as exposed by the federal response to the COVID-19 threat. Systems theory exposes government regulations as “fixes-that-fail-or-backfire”. The prevailing cause of healthcare system’s progressive failure is central economic control that suppresses the free market. The third-party payment system separates patients from their own funds as well as their right to choose their own care. Consumers or patients, who are buyers but not payers, have no incentive to save. Sellers (providers of care) do not compete for consumers’ funds. Sellers’ prices or charges have no relevance as allowable reimbursement schedules, issued by federal government, determine what sellers are paid. The solution for critical problems of the U.S. healthcare system is to take decision-making authority away from federal authorities and return it to patients. In other words, the U.S. medical system needs to reconnect patients – buyers in the healthcare marketplace – with both their money and their doctors, thus restoring patients’ medical autonomy. This approach has been named “Empower Patients”. By dissolving the root cause, the Empower Patients program will produce timely and affordable medical care, restore medical autonomy, and could potentially save $2 trillion in U.S. “healthcare” spending. Empower patients will be equally effective in other government-run, failing single payer healthcare systems such as Great Britain’s National Health Service.

The tax burden and induced costs of regulation may affect the competitiveness of the economy and, in the context of current digital transformation trends, determine the ability of businesses to compete in terms of digital readiness. Regulatory competitiveness is very closely linked to the quality and performance of country's public institutions. This paper examines the tax and regulatory burden on businesses in EU countries and assesses the tax and regulatory competitiveness of the business environment in these countries. The research is mainly based on an empirical analysis of secondary data. On the basis of selected indicators of the tax and regulatory burden on businesses obtained from the World Bank's database (Doing Business), we examine the situation in EU countries. We use the method of a hierarchical and nonhierarchical cluster analysis to categorize countries into relatively homogeneous groups. According to our results, Slovakia has a similar level of tax and regulatory competitiveness as the Czech Republic and Portugal. Furthermore, we evaluate Slovakia's strengths and weaknesses in international comparison. The results show, among other things, that the financial costs of administrative tasks required due to business regulations are relatively low in Slovakia. On the other hand, the time to complete administrative tasks is long and the tax burden on businesses is relatively high in Slovakia.

Historical evidence and current experience suggest the U.S. healthcare face several actual challenges. National healthcare spending - $4.8 trillion in 2023, 17.6 % of GDP - is unsustainable, constantly increasing the national debt. Average family health care costs of $31,065 per household in 2023 are unaffordable. As government regulations rise and administrative processes expand, access to medical care decreases. This previously unrecognized inverse relationship is called the seesaw relationship. Necessary medical care is so delayed that Americans experience death-by-queue. Medical autonomy has become tense, as exposed by the federal response to the COVID-19 threat. Systems theory exposes government regulations as "fixes-that-fail-or-backfire". The prevailing cause of healthcare system's progressive failure is central economic control that suppresses the free market. The third-party payment system separates patients from their own funds as well as their right to choose their own care. Consumers or patients, who are buyers but not payers, have no incentive to save. Sellers (providers of care) do not compete for consumers' funds. Sellers' prices or charges have no relevance as allowable reimbursement schedules, issued by federal government, determine what sellers are paid. The solution for critical problems of the U.S. healthcare system is to take decision-making authority away from federal authorities and return it to patients. In other words, the U.S. medical system needs to reconnect patients - buyers in the healthcare marketplace - with both their money and their doctors, thus restoring patients' medical autonomy. This approach has been named "Empower Patients". By dissolving the root cause, the Empower Patients program will produce timely and affordable medical care, restore medical autonomy, and could potentially save $2 trillion in U.S. "healthcare" spending. Empower patients will be equally effective in other government-run, failing single payer healthcare systems such as Great Britain's National Health Service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any process of assessing the Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA), ex ante to its approval, is subject to an estimate of its "regulatory burden", meaning the costs of complying with the laws and regulations for businesses. Participation in regulation in the form of regulatory burden assessment in some developed countries is done by institutions representing economic actors. A suggestion that can be made on how to involve economic actors in ex ante Regulatory Impact Assessment that the Iranian Chamber of Commerce, Industries, Mines & Agriculture, in cooperation with other representative bodies of economic actors, evaluate the burden of the draft in the form of reports to the Government-Private Sector Dialogue Council and "Committee of Article (12) ("Business Support Committee"). In fact, the practical and available method of assessing the burden of regulation in Iran is to survey economic actors, trade unions and organizations about laws and regulations and reflect their costs in a documentary manner to the regulatory authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Summary: Research suggests that multinational enterprises (MNEs) are attracted to locations with concentrated firms from the same home country to benefit from interactions with market forces, but it remains an open question whether such agglomeration facilitates MNEs' interactions with nonmarket actors such as the host government. We submit that since country‐of‐origin agglomeration can enable collective actions and create collective gains, colocation with compatriot firms will help MNEs navigate an adverse institutional environment. In line with this reasoning, we hypothesize that MNEs are more attracted to locations with country‐of‐origin agglomeration when MNEs face an exogenous shock that increases their regulatory burden in the host country. Our analysis offers corroborative evidence. The study adds to research on agglomeration, institutional environment, and location strategy. Managerial Summary: Why do multinational enterprises (MNEs) locate near compatriot firms in a foreign location? The commonly recognized benefits include resource access and knowledge spillover from interactions with market forces such as suppliers and customers. We submit that colocation with compatriot firms can also help MNEs navigate an adverse institutional environment by generating "stronger‐together" benefits. Colocation can enable collective actions and create collective gains for MNEs in their interactions with the host government. We find that after a diplomatic dispute, Korean MNEs are more attracted to locations in China that already have a cluster of Korean firms, whether in the same/related industries or in unrelated industries; this is particularly the case for small MNEs and in locations with weak institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to examine the influence of formal institutions on the level of informal entrepreneurial activity in Latin American countries. We use a panel dataset for 18 countries during the 2004–2017 periods. This dataset has not been widely used for longitudinal research by academics in the field of entrepreneurship in developing countries. Using the percentage of the adult population identified as self-employed as a proxy for informal entrepreneurial activity, our results suggest that informal entrepreneurial activity is lower in Latin American countries that have stronger property rights and lighter business regulation. However, countries with more flexible labor regulation show higher informal entrepreneurial activity. Therefore, we believe there is margin for policy intervention to reduce informal entrepreneurial activities in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent changes to the Common Rule have helped reduce regulatory burden on researchers conducting minimal risk research. However, in this paper, I propose a way of minimizing burden further within the existing confines of the current regulations. I focus my discussion on the newly created "benign behavioral interventions" category of exempt research, arguing that this exemption from the federal regulations governing research with human subjects should be more expansively interpreted by the Secretary's Advisory Committee on Human Research Protections (SACHRP) than is currently the case. Specifically, I argue against the restriction, advocated by SACHRP, that the exemption exclude "physical (bodily) tasks" unless they are "incidental to the behavioral intervention." This restriction, I argue, is problematically vague and does no significant moral work. Acceptance of my proposed reinterpretation of "benign behavioral interventions" would, I hope, result in a significant reduction in regulatory burden for minimal risk research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2018 ruling from the Supreme Court on South Dakota v. Wayfair, the issue of sales tax collection and its impact on small and micro-sized businesses has become increasingly debated. Investigating how small business owners currently deal with their sales and use tax collection burden is beneficial for aspiring entrepreneurs wishing to learn best practices and state regulators desiring to help ease the compliance burden. This study explores the accounting and administrative burdens that the collection of Colorado sales and use taxes place on small and micro-sized entities, how small business owners attempt to efficiently and inexpensively navigate the requirements, and the role regulatory agencies play in helping navigate this regulatory burden. The project utilizes an interpretivist perspective using data obtained from 50 semi-structured interviews with small and micro-sized business owners and managers in Colorado. In addition, 6 interviews were conducted with representatives from various Colorado tax-regulatory agencies to investigate the levels of sales tax support and guidance currently being provided, and 2 interviews were conducted with tax and accounting professionals to provide a better understanding of the compliance issues. Despite some assistance from tax regulatory agencies, small and micro-sized entities in Colorado face sizeable accounting and administrative regulatory burdens from the sales tax process that consume valuable management time. In the end, the most common way small businesses manage their cost and regulatory compliance burdens is through the use of an accountant or bookkeeper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In transitional economies, the governing central authorities impose heavy regulatory burdens on firms, which results in great costs for business in terms of time, resources, and other constraints. However, quality assurance through decentralized institutions (such as private certified management standards) is rapidly becoming more prevalent. This study examines the contingent implications that such decentralized institutions have for centralized regulation by focusing on the relationship between international certifications and regulatory burdens. As two prominent features of the institutional environment in emerging economies, the threat of competition from the informal sector and corruption may influence the relationship between international certifications and regulatory burdens. These features are therefore examined in terms of their moderating roles. The study draws on institutional and signaling theories to interpret data from a survey conducted by the World Bank in China in 2012. The empirical results show that international certification is negatively associated with regulatory burdens. This relationship is strengthened by the threat of competition from the informal sector, but mitigated by a corrupt business environment. Our study contributes to the institutional literature and to research on international certifications, and it has implications for both business management and governmental policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canadian academic and industry stakeholders are concerned about the inclusion of “virus-like particles or sub-viral particles” in the definition of New Substances Notification Regulations for Organisms (NSNR(O)) which impacts clinical cell and gene therapy and commercialization. The requirement of an independent 120 days Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) review preceding a Health Canada review on quality and environmental concerns places an additional burden on Sponsors submitting clinical trial applications (CTA) and/or New Drug Submissions (NDS). A workshop initiated by CellCAN and BIOTECanada with participants from Environment and Climate Change Canada, Health Canada, the Public Health Agency of Canada and Innovation, Science and Economic Development (Ottawa, March 19, 2018) with invited stakeholders discussed approaches to streamline the environmental review process. The following main recommendations were the focus of the workshop: A regulatory policy to clarify Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA)'s definition of “living organism.” This is currently defined as “a substance that is an animate product of biotechnology.” A regulatory policy could potentially exempt “human cells touched by biotechnology for use in human medicinal products” from this definition to clarify any unintended overreach of CEPA, particularly as it applies to non-genetically modified cell therapies.A guidance document to better interpret NSNR(O) Schedule 1 requirements by CTA/NDS sponsors to satisfy the environmental review process.An amendment at the level of regulations, to the NSNR (O) to create a deferment to postpone environmental assessment of micro-organisms used in the manufacturing during investigational clinical trials (pre-market stage). The regulations would apply at the time of market authorization evaluation and review, when sufficient clinical data on vector shedding has been collected, as part of the investigational clinical trials.Amendment to Schedule 4 of the CEPA to include the Food and Drugs Act and Regulations (Food and Drugs Act /FDR) as an exclusion to the application of CEPA. This would remove the current dual regulation of cell and gene therapies by both CEPA and Food and Drugs Act /FDR.These recommendations and other options were discussed at the workshop. These recommendations if adopted will significantly streamline the current regulatory burden and harmonize environmental assessment requirements with other jurisdictions.

Despite a developing literature exploring the relationship between regulation, taxation and business startups, few studies have utilized artefactual experimental methods to link the choices made by entrepreneurs to an underlying regulatory framework or tax system. Using information collected from a discrete choice experiment where 182 small business owners and entrepreneurs made eight start-up decisions, we describe the effect of state-level government intervention in terms of an entrepreneur's choice to start a business. The design allows the generation of data on entrepreneurial choice of institutional setting for new business formation, which are difficult or impossible to observe in natural settings from surveys. We find that over 80% of entrepreneurs are likely to respond adversely to regulatory and tax legislation such as mandatory licensing, income taxes, and time to register a business. Results confirm that, at least in the short run, highly regulated business environments are less likely to foster entrepreneurial market entry. Additionally, a non-trivial fraction of entrepreneurs will choose not to start a new business, even in the presence of low taxation and regulatory burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2011 US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) represents a major initiative to improve food safety. The legislation mandates the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with developing a regulatory system to implement the Act. Both domestic and foreign firms that wish to supply US consumers with food will face a considerable increase in regulatory costs. Implementation has proved challenging for the FDA leading to delays which increase investment risks for foreign suppliers, particulalry from developing countries. This paper sets out the major FSMA requirements and examines how the regulatory burden may fall on foreign versus US suppliers.

Small and medium size growers using both conventional and sustainable farming practices have expressed concern that compliance with the Produce Rule implementing the Food Safety Modernization Act will be prohibitively costly. We use data from an original national survey of fruit and vegetable growers to examine that contention. In particular, we analyze how expenditures on food safety practices required by the Produce Rule vary with farm size using a double hurdle model to control for selectivity in both using food safety practices and reporting expenditures. We find that expenditures per acre decrease with farm size. We also find some evidence that growers using sustainable farming practices spend more than conventional growers on many food safety practices. We use our estimates to quantify how the cost burden of compliance varies with farm size. We then explore the policy implications of exemptions to the Rule by simulating how more stringent exemption thresholds for farm revenue and share of direct sales might affect the cost burden of each food safety practice on farms at the threshold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overwhelming benefits of building solar power plants instead of fossil fuel powered sites for new generation capacity outweigh the less significant risks, some of which are identified in this study on the construction stage of a utility-scale solar energy (USSE) project. This project confirmed and clarified the nature of environmental and community risks to be expected on Australian construction sites. Expected risks from desk top studies and related planning requirements captured the majority of those risks actually experienced in the field during the construction phase. The large number of approval conditions (set by the relevant regulatory authorities; state and local) for the construction stage of the project, are arguably excessive compared with the risk profile of the project, and the overall positive benefits to the environment, economy and local community. The environmental and community risks of greatest concern (including dust control, optimising vegetation growth under the panels, waste management, a lack of common understanding of expectations for local job opportunities), while planned and eventually managed, could have been more efficiently addressed by further upfront investigations, and questioning and enhancing the governance processes by the engineering procurement construction (EPC) entity (or constructor). For example, managing the end-of-life packaging materials (EOLPMs) was a specific unexpected risk on the project during the construction stage, which can be overcome on future remote location projects by enhancing the design and execution of project-level contracts and securing partners such as resource recovery companies or other end users (of EOLPMs) at the earlier, planning stage. Recommendations for regulators include to reduce approval constraints on new low-emissions electricity developments, particularly at the state and local government level. These should be considerably less onerous than building new fossil fuel electricity generation infrastructure. A sharper focus on regulatory red tape reduction will enhance USSE project adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use data from a survey of leafy green and tomato growers in the Mid-Atlantic region to investigate the prevalence and cost of produce safety practices required under the Produce Rule of the Food Safety Modernization Act. Majorities of our respondents currently employ most of the food safety practices that will be required under the Produce Rule. But the Produce Rule will nevertheless require changes on the part of some growers. We find that farm size has a statistically and quantitatively negligible relationship with the use of most produce safety practices except for the sampling and testing of water, soil amendments, and product samples. Contrary to the theoretical literature suggesting that traceability increases incentives to take precautionary measures, we find little evidence that the use of produce safety practices is correlated with any marketing channel. We do find that all of these practices exhibit substantial increasing returns to scale, implying that the burden of complying with the provisions of the Produce Rule is much lower for large operations than small ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2011 US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) represents a major initiative to improve food safety. The legislation mandates the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with developing a regulatory system to implement the Act. Both domestic and foreign firms that wish to supply US consumers with food will face a considerable increase in regulatory costs. Implementation has proved challenging for the FDA leading to delays which increase investment risks for foreign suppliers, particulalry from developing countries. This paper sets out the major FSMA requirements and examines how the regulatory burden may fall on foreign versus US suppliers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a strong political consensus in a number of countries that occupational safety and health regulation is stifling industrial innovation and development and is feeding a culture of damaging risk aversion and petty bureaucracy. In a number of countries this has led to proposals to repeal regulations and reduce the regulatory burden. The authors were commissioned to prepare a discussion paper on this issue by the Mercatus Center of George Mason University in Arlington, Virginia, aimed particularly at an American audience. This paper is based on that report (Hale et al., 2011). The paper is based on previous work of the first two authors, developing a framework of occupational safety rule management at the workplace level (Hale and Borys, 2012a,b). Based on a literature study, this paper analyses the similarities and differences between rules at the workplace level and the development, use and enforcement of regulations at the national level to influence and control organisational behavior. It traces the forces encouraging the growth of regulatory detail and hence the bureaucratic burden of compliance and the options open to reduce that burden without loosening control so much that the level of safety declines. The analysis uses the hierarchy of rules from goals, through process (risk management) rules to detailed action rules as framework for predicting the level of ownership and responsibility felt by the regulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Principles of dissolution science have been applied to allow waiver of in vivo bioequivalence studies for oral immediate release solid dosage forms, providing certain stipulations are met. This approach reduces regulatory burden without sacrificing product quality and performance requirements that assure continuing equivalence. These principles are broadly applicable to other dosage forms and routes of administration. In this article, we postulate a further opportunity, which relies on a determination of 'optimal performance' for nonsolution orally administered drug products. The determination can be applied to certain highly soluble and rapidly dissolving drug products without further study, paving the way possibly for even further reductions in regulatory burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies a model in which an agent considers proposing a project of unknown quality to an evaluator, who has to decide on whether or not to accept it. Earlier papers considered the case when the evaluation is perfect and showed than higher submission fees increase the expected quality of projects submitted for review by discouraging long-shot submissions. We examine the case of two-sided incomplete information where not only the agent's, but also the evaluator's assessment of the project is imperfect. We show that under this specification, an increase in the submission fee may lead to a decrease in the quality of projects that are implemented because of its adverse effects on the evaluator's acceptance policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the UK, regulation of clinical services is being restructured. We consider two clinical procedures, abortion and IVF treatment, which have similar ethical and political sensitivities. We consider factors including the law, licensing, inspection, amount of paperwork and reporting requirements, the reception by practitioners and costs, to establish which field has the greater 'regulatory burden'. We test them based on scientific, ethical, social, political factors that might explain differences. We find that regulatory burden borne by IVF services is greater than in abortion, but none of the explanatory theses can provide a justification of this phenomenon. We offer an alternative explanation based on regulatory 'overspill' from research regulation and policy making, conceptualisation of risk regulation and a high public profile that locks a regulator into self-preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Regulations and complying with regulation are a considerable burden on small firms, which consistently report that regulation is an oBSTacle to growth. Regulation for small business includes financial and psychological costs and worry about non-compliance. Accordingly, regulation inflation raises increasing difficulties in understanding and complying with new regulation. Time and resources are diverted from running or growing the business. This paper explores self-regulation as a mechanism for resolving the problems of regulation.Design/methodology/approach – The authors first sets out the "regulation problem" as seen by the research community and by small business. The analysis explores the issues associated with small business regulation and compliance. They show that "imposed" regulation is expensive and may not be very effective. They continue by examining the nature of self-regulation and consider a case study: the auto trade.Findings – Self-regulation can have beneficial effects. All regulation need not be top down control and command and self-regulation can be effective if done well.Practical implications – Self-regulation seems to offer a number of advantages over legislation for small businesses, but it appears that a number of conditions need to be met if they are to be seen as effective. The authors discuss the implications and benefits of SFROs as an alternative way of assuring regulatory compliance.Originality/value – Self-regulation presents an attractive solution to some of the problems encountered by small business regulation through providing a credible, flexible and cost effective alternative to command and control legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The revised Directive on waste (Directive 2008/98/EC) entered into force on 12 December 2008. The purpose of the revised Directive is to simplify the existing legislative framework for waste in order to encourage the divergence of waste away from landfills, to strengthen legal certainty and minimise burdens on businesses, regulators and stakeholders. This article explores the main features of the revised Directive and assesses them against the European Commissions' intentions in introducing the Directive. In addition, the paper considers the extent to which the revised Directive promotes successfully (i) reduction of natural resource use, (ii) prevention of environmental impacts of waste generation, (iii) life-cycle thinking and; (iv) securing waste prevention. The paper concludes that there is still room for further clarification, particularly in relation to the criteria for by-products and the new waste management terms 'end of waste' and 'preparing for re-use'. Whilst the revised Directive has weaknesses and limitations it should be considered within the context of decision-making. In this way it represents a multi-party, multi-institutional and multi-national compromise which should be considered as a progressive step towards improving the whole life-cycle of products and resources. Undoubtedly, the revised Directive sets the tone for future legislative developments and bolsters the importance of extended producer responsibility in future waste management measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The successful implementation of a harmonised regulatory framework for the global banking system is still a long way off. This mainly results from (a) different traditions in banking regulation and supervision at the national level, (b) different national emphases on regulatory sub-goals such as efficiency or the protection and promotion of national financial markets, and (c) different institutional settings and conditions. In this context, studies on the banking industry's assessment of supervisory processes and instruments highlight how effectively and efficiently individual nation states are implementing international frameworks such as Basel II and the Capital Requirements Directive for Europe. In November 2005, the German Government commissioned an evaluation of the supervisory processes and instruments of the country's banking authorities, BaFin and Bundesbank. The study aimed to determine the options for further optimising supervision, reducing regulatory burden and bureaucracy, and otherwise restricting supervision. This paper presents the most important findings from the survey, analyses significant differences in assessments given by various banking groups, empirically evaluates significant drivers of banks' overall satisfaction with banking supervision, and drafts proposals for improving banking regulation and supervision in Germany. Finally, aspects of further research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulation impact assessment is a process by which policy makers can systematically assess the impact on affected stakeholder groups of various feasible alternatives for addressing an identified regulatory problem. This should enable better regulatory decisions to be made. The regulation impact assessment requirements for Commonwealth Government entities are set out in the Best Practice Regulation Handbook (OBPR, 2007). The general approach set out in the Handbook is sound. Clearly policy makers should first work out whether or not there is a problem before they attempt to fix it. Having clearly identified a problem, they should then carefully consider whether regulation is a justified response. Although the fundamental thinking behind the Handbook is sound, numerous issues and challenges will arise for government departments and agencies—as well as affected stakeholder groups—in complying with the new requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crop agriculture and food production constantly face climactic challenges to the supply of safe, nutritious food. These challenges highlight the importance of innovation resulting in improved crop technologies, capable of providing consistently increasing yields in the face of abiotic and biotic stresses. This article addresses the challenge that regulatory barriers are, and can, have on the adoption of innovative crop and food technologies that improve food security. Evidence of increased crop yield and the potential for increased yields, are presented from innovative plant breeding technologies, especially gene editing. Recent advances from the use of gene editing in the pharmaceutical field may offer opportunities to reduce regulatory burdens. • The EU regulatory framework for GM crops is in gridlock with no signs of ending. • The CJEU 2018 gene editing ruling has resulted in a decline in EU R&D investment. • Gene editing regulation in the EU will have spillover effects in Africa and Asia. • Covid-19 vaccines may require regulation as equivalent to GMOs, delaying approval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors discuss approaches to bolster investigator engagement, inviting investigators to be partners within the Animal Care Program. Regulatory burden in animal research endeavors continues to be reviewed and critiqued; therefore, this article intends to encourage Animal Care Programs to promote transparency and incorporation of unique educational training initiatives to tailor and focus compliance efforts across research programs. Borrowing from concepts of patient engagement, adherence, and enrollment efforts within the medical profession, it is likely that gains in trust, understanding, and communication between stakeholders within animal programs can be achieved without excessive efforts to alter existing approaches. Institutions will continue to be challenged to balance animal welfare expectations with promotion of research missions. This article provides a framework for somewhat radical ideas, including the use of collaborative orientations, assistance with self-evaluations, timely self-reporting, and meaningful and directed trainings, that are all aimed to resonate in contemporary animal care programs and foster investigator engagement in ongoing compliance efforts., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)