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Introduction: Caring for patients with mental health disorders causes loneliness in caregivers. Therefore, interventions are needed to reduce the level of loneliness in caregivers of patients with mental health disorders. This literature review study aims to determine the effectiveness of family support groups in reducing loneliness in caregivers of patients with mental health disorders. Methods: This study used the ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases and were searched using the following keywords family support group AND reduce AND loneliness AND caregiver And Mental Health Disorder in filtered journals published in 2013-2023. Results: Caregivers of mental health patients experience the main psychosocial problem, namely loneliness in the process of caring for patients with mental health disorders. Loneliness in caregivers of patients with mental health disorders is caused by stigma which causes feelings of isolation, disconnection, and lack of social relationships, increased stress, and emotional tension. Family support groups can reduce the level of loneliness in caregivers of patients with mental health disorders. Conclusion: Family group support intervention creates effective coping so that the cognitive control network in processing socio-affective information becomes a reflection. This stimulates the reduction of thoughts and perceptions which have an impact on reducing feelings of loneliness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Railway Construction Technology is the property of Railway Construction Technology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

How does the circular economy contribute to the sustainable development of the wine sector? What benefits and limitations can come from the application of the "10Rs", the circular strategies theorized in 2017 and today a valid tool for the orientation and evaluation of sustainable business models? Through the analysis of 10 case studies (relevant to Northwest Italy), the research confronts a sector of great importance for Italy, the world's leading wine exporter and second-largest producer. Through the systemic approach, which reads the systems of relationships between matter, energy, information, living beings, inorganic units, and other systems, the 10Rs become filters for a critical reading of winemaking and the post-use phases of wine when the producer's responsibility meets that of the consumer. A number of relevant issues emerge, in terms of the negative socio-environmental impact of the supply chain; the case studies try to describe them and present a possible ethical and critical response. Although it emerges that the actions of circular economy practitioners focus on the valuing of by-products and waste from the supply chain, rather than on measures to minimize the amount of resources used, extend the life of goods, and reduce waste, the case studies help to broaden this "narrow" view of the circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the fundamental technical problems and countermeasures will help improve the theories and technologies regarding the low-carbon construction of canal engineering (LCCCE) and provide references for future canal construction. This study reviews the history of canal engineering in China and clarifies the necessity of LCCCE from the perspectives of engineering commonality and canal individuality. The difficulty of canal engineering in the new situation is to improve low-carbon construction on the basis of ensuring reliability. Therefore, the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE focus on low-carbon security. Based on the practice of low-carbon technology research in the century-long project of the Pinglu Canal, this study focuses on the following fundamental technical problems: (1) efficient application of canal building materials, (2) efficient utilization of old and new structures, (3) multi-dimensional recycling of solid wastes, (4) durability guarantee and biodiversity protection of canals, and (5) low-energy consumption in canal construction, operation, and maintenance. A low-carbon construction technology framework consisting of “reduce, reuse, recycle, resilience, and renewable energy” (5R) is proposed to accurately address the fundamental technical problems of LCCCE. The LCCCE is still in its infancy, and it is recommended that the academic and engineering communities continue to focus on this emerging field.

The study surveys circular economy (CE) theoretical building blocks, conceptualisation, and practical implementation within the supply chain. A narrative review synthesises the knowledge and maps research in the CE field. There are six major building blocks: waste management, industrial ecology, bioeconomy, cradle to cradle, green supply chain management, and product-service system. The paper examines their role and their overlapping activity within the supply chain. This study also generates a database containing 43 circular strategies, based on different stages in the supply chain. Each strategy is marked by its contribution towards CE, such as resource conservation, narrowing the loop, slowing the loop, or closing the loop. The database can assist actors to implement possible circular actions and policy makers to formulate supportive legislation. This study contributes to the contention of CE and its implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of recovery animals in nonclinical safety studies that support clinical trials is undertaken with a wide diversity of approaches even while operating under harmonized regulatory guidance. While empirical evaluation of reversibility may enhance the overall nonclinical risk assessment, there are often overlooked opportunities to reduce recovery animal use by leveraging robust scientific and regulatory information. In the past, there were several attempts to benchmark recovery practices; however, recommendations have not been consistently applied across the pharmaceutical industry. A working group (WG) sponsored by the 3Rs Translational and Predictive Sciences Leadership Group of the IQ Consortium conducted a survey of current industry practice related to the evaluation of reversibility/recovery in repeat dose toxicity studies. Discussion among the WG representatives included member company strategies and case studies that highlight challenges and opportunities for continuous refinements in the use of recovery animals. The case studies presented in this paper demonstrate increasing alignment with the Society of Toxicologic Pathology recommendations (2013) towards (1) excluding recovery phase cohorts by default (include only when scientifically justified), (2) minimizing the number of recovery groups (e.g., control and one dose level), and (3) excluding controls in the recovery cohort by leveraging external and/or dosing phase data. Recovery group exclusion and decisions regarding the timing of reversibility evaluation may be driven by indication, modality, and/or other scientific or strategic factors using a weight of evidence approach. The results and recommendations discussed present opportunities to further decrease animal use without impacting the quality of human risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high quantity of waste is generated from industrial activities by manufacturers across metropolitan cities compared to smaller cities with fewer industrial activities. Adopting Circular Economy principles in waste management has the potential for sustainable waste management to reduce the quantity of waste at dumpsites and harmful emissions from wastes. The study was conducted to assess circularity status and challenges for attaining higher circularity by Kigali's manufacturing, waste collection, and waste recycling companies using the 10-R framework. The study also sought to build estimates for industrial solid waste quantity and methane emissions for the next 10 years (2020-2030) in Rwanda. A mixed method approach was utilized where primary data was collected from manufacturing, waste collection, and waste recycling companies using a validated questionnaire and an in-depth interview guide. Thematic, descriptive analysis and First Order Decay methods were used to analyze the qualitative, quantitative, and secondary data. Results show that adopting the 10-R principles of circular economy was low and varies across manufacturing, waste collection and recycling companies. There were instances of high adoption of R3-Reuse and R8-Recycle with a mean score of 7.17 and 7.21 among manufacturing companies. R7-Repurpose (8.80) recorded a high adoption rate among waste collection companies and a medium level of adoption for R7- Repurpose (3.50) and R9-Recover (3.00) among recycling companies. The overall low adoption toward attaining circularity was attributed to various economic, institutional, infrastructural, operational, attitudinal, and technological challenges. In 2030, it is projected that 922 Gg of industrial waste will be deposited in solid waste disposal sites in Rwanda; with an estimated methane emission of 157 Gg Carbon dioxide equivalence. It was recommended among others, that human resource capacity development should be prioritized to drive the adoption of the 10-R principles across manufacturing, waste collection, and waste recycling companies in Kigali, which can reduce the quantity of wastes that ends at dumpsites and methane emissions that contribute significantly to global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bahan kemasan bekas merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang memiliki potensi besar untuk didaur ulang dan digunakan Kembali. Sampah botol plastik merupakan salah satu jenis sampah yang sangat banyak terdapat di lingkungan sekitar. Daur ulang botol plastik merupakan salah satu cara paling efektif untuk mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan yang merupakan solusi berkelanjutan. Untuk mengurangi sampah yang sulit terurai, memerlukan solusi yang tepat dan memiliki nilai tambah serta dapat dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Botol kemasan bekas dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi berbagai jenis produk, salah satunya menjadi produk tempat pensil/alat tulis untuk anak-anak. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat bertujuan untuk mengubah barang bekas, seperti botol plastik, menjadi produk yang bernilai dan bermanfaat. Kegiatan ini diawali dengan tahap observasi untuk memahami kondisi dan situasi objek pengabdian, dilanjutkan dengan pengajuan persetujuan mitra, dan pelaksanaan kegiatan yang telah direncanakan dan dijadwalkan. Kegiatan ini melibatkan anak-anak di Yayasan Yatim Piatu di Karawang, Jawa Barat, yang secara antusias membuat kreasi tempat pensil dari botol plastik bekas. Proses ini meliputi pemotongan botol, pelapisan dengan kain flanel, dan penambahan aksesoris. Hasil akhir dari kegiatan ini adalah produk yang bernilai dan berguna, serta memberikan pemahaman tentang pentingnya mendaur ulang sampah plastik untuk mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan.

This document is an editorial titled "Towards a new 3Rs era in experimental research" published in the journal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience. The editorial discusses the importance of the 3Rs principle in pre-clinical research, which aims to replace, reduce, and refine the use of animals in experiments to improve ethical standards and research quality. The editorial highlights the interdisciplinary nature of 3Rs research and the need for collaboration between different scientific disciplines. It also provides an overview of the articles included in the research topic, which cover topics such as replacement methods using organoid biobanks, reduction methods for obtaining more information from fewer animals, and refinement methods to enhance animal welfare. The document acknowledges the challenges and ongoing debates surrounding the implementation of 3Rs methodologies and emphasizes the importance of effective adoption and implementation across the scientific community. [Extracted from the article]

The reclamation of construction solid wastes is crucial for the high-quality development of the construction industry and it is urgent to further improve the utilization rate of the construction solid wastes to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals. Waste waterproof materials are an important component of the construction solid wastes; however, research on the utilization of these materials is almost blank in China. As calculated in this study, the total output of waterproof materials in China was 2.983×1010 m2 during 2005‒2021 and that of waterproof membranes was 1.89×1010 m2, indicating that waterproof membranes are the main body for waterproof material recycling. In response to the national green and low-carbon development situation, a utilization path for “reducing, reusing, and recycling” (3R) the waterproof membranes is proposed as well as a high-performance waterproof membrane research and development concept that combines waterproof membrane “genome”, multi-scale / multi-scenario analysis, and machine learning prediction. A waterproof membrane reuse mode with system disassembly as the core is clarified as well as a recycling strategy with classification, gradation, and deconstruction as the core. Moreover, the in-depth research and innovative application of fully recycled waterproof membranes and additive manufacturing technology should be promoted. The transformation of recycled waterproof membranes to products and the engineering application of these products are major challenges to be addressed in the future, which requires joint efforts of the management departments, academia, and industry.

Copyright of Architectural Journal / Jian Zhu Xue Bao is the property of Architectural Journal Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Anthropogenic litter (AL) in world's aquatic ecosystems presents critical ecological threats to environmental quality, aquatic biodiversity and human welfare. However, most studies on AL have been conducted in marine ecosystems with very little focus being given to freshwater systems like Lake Victoria. This study characterized AL pollutants in Dunga beach in Lake Victoria, Kenya, where sampling was done in the beach, riparian and benthic zones along a 100 m reach for 6 days. Across the sampled reaches, the AL associated with packaging, consumer products, building and construction, transport, electronic wastes, textile, fishery and medical materials were collected, counted, sun‐dried and weighed. AL were more abundant in the beach and riparian zone than in the benthic reaches with plastics being the dominant litter in all reaches. Based on Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test the density of AL associated with packaging and consumer products was significantly higher than other AL in all the reaches. Plastics, polystyrene and glass wastes dominated the beach zone at 31.19%, 12.14% and 11.14%, respectively. In the benthic area, the dominant wastes were plastics, fishery and polystyrene items at 22.14%, 16.34% and 12.14%, respectively. The top 10 AL pollutants in Dunga beach were as follows: bags/food wrappers, bottle caps, diapers, plastic and glass beverage bottles, plastic plates, forks, knives, spoons, straws and e‐wastes. Based on data from literature, several clear patterns emerged when comparing relative AL abundance across other aquatic habitats. In the Lake Michigan Beach, the AL were dominated by plastics (41.2%) followed by cigarettes at 29.3%. In contrast, Chicago River Beach contained more glass wastes (42.1%) while Chicago River Riparian had more plastics (57.8%). At the South Sea of Korea, fishing gear wastes were the majority AL (61.1%). AL consisting of fishing items was restricted to benthic and riparian settings, in which the benthic zone had the most items recorded. It is therefore evident that a large amount of AL waste accumulates at Dunga, Hippo point and other beaches in the world, thus justifying the need for beach cleaning and maintenance strategies. This study presents baseline data that is useful to environmental ecologists, aquatic scientists and management authorities to formulate policies, evaluate guidelines and recommend beach management strategies to conserve aquatic biodiversity, human health and aesthetic value of the freshwater habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In this digital age, children typically start using the internet in early childhood. Studies highlighted that young children are vulnerable to internet addiction due to personal limitations and social influence (eg, family and school). Internet addiction can have long-term harmful effects on children's health and well-being. The high risk of internet addiction for vulnerable populations like young children has raised questions about how best to prevent the problem. Objective: This review study aimed to investigate the existing interventions and explore future directions to prevent or reduce internet addiction risks in children younger than 12 years. Methods: The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We searched for relevant literature from 4 research databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and PsycINFO). We included 14 primary studies discussing the interventions to prevent or reduce internet addiction risks in young children and their efficacy outcomes. Results: The preventive interventions identified were categorized into four approaches as follows: (1) children's education, (2) parenting strategy, (3) strategic physical activity, and (4) counseling. Ten interventions showed promising efficacy in preventing or reducing internet addiction risks with small-to-medium effect sizes. Interventions that enhance children's competencies in having appropriate online behaviors and literacy were more likely to show better efficacy than interventions that force children to reduce screen time. Interventions that shift children's focus from online activities to real-world activities also showed promising efficacy in reducing engagement with the internet, thereby preventing addictive behaviors. We also identified the limitations of each approach (eg, temporariness, accessibility, and implementation) as valuable considerations in developing future interventions. Conclusions: The findings suggest the need to develop more sustainable and accessible interventions to encourage healthy online behaviors through education, appropriate parenting strategies, and substitutive activities to prevent children's overdependence on the internet. Developing digital tools and social support systems can be beneficial to improve the capability, efficiency, and accessibility of the interventions. Future interventions also need to consider their appropriateness within familial context or culture and provide adequate implementation training. Last, policy makers and experts can also contribute by making design guidelines to prevent digital product developers from making products that can encourage overuse in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the erosion hazard in the Walanae watershed in Indonesia and proposes land conservation strategies to mitigate the erosion rate. The study utilizes the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) to model erosion control and evaluate the effectiveness of various land conservation scenarios. The findings indicate that erosion rates have been increasing over time, but implementing land conservation measures can significantly reduce the erosion rate. The study underscores the importance of sustainable land and water resource management in addressing environmental challenges. The article provides detailed information on erosion factors, land cover, and recommended conservation measures in the Walanae watershed. It emphasizes the need for conservation efforts to reduce erosion rates and protect the soil. The implementation of these measures in the watershed has resulted in a substantial decrease in the erosion rate. [Extracted from the article]

Improving waste and resource management (WaRM) around the world can halve the weight of plastics entering the oceans, significantly mitigate global heating and contribute directly to 12 of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs). Achieving such results demands understanding and learning from historical evolution of WaRM. The baseline is 1970, prior to environmental legislation. Early steps in the Global North focused on the 'technical fix' within strictly enforced legal frameworks, first bringing hazardous wastes and municipal solid wastes (MSW) under control, then gradually ramping up environmental standards. Using modern technologies to the Global South often failed due to institutional and financial constraints. From 1990, focus switched to integrating technical and governance aspects: local institutional coherence, financial sustainability, provider inclusivity, user inclusivity, national legislative and policy framework. The Global North rediscovered recycling, using policy measures to promote segregation at source; this relied on new markets in emerging economies, which had largely disappeared by 2020. The Global South is making progress on bringing wastes under control, but around 2.7 billion people lack access to waste collection, while ~40% of collected MSW is open dumped or burned – a continuing global waste emergency. So, much remains to be done to move further towards a circular economy. Three policy priorities are critical for all countries: access to sustainable financing, rethinking sustainable recycling and worldwide extended producer responsibility with teeth. Extending services to unserved communities (SDG11.6.1) requires a people-centred approach, working with communities to provide both quality services and decent livelihoods for collection and recycling workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Self-harm behavior can occur repeatedly in a person and often occurs and develops in adolescence, which can have a negative impact. Interventions are needed to assist in preventing and reducing self-harm behavior, especially in adolescents. Purpose: This study aimed to explore interventions that can be used to help reduce self-harming behavior in adolescents. Methods: This study used a scoping review and PRISMA-ScR. The databases used include Pubmed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Garuda. The keywords used Boolean operators and consisted of English and Indonesian keywords. Both English and Indonesian keywords included Adolescent AND Intervention AND Self-harm. The inclusion criteria included articles published in 2018–2023, Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design or Quasi-experimental, and full-text. Studies were excluded if they were not in English and Indonesian. Results: We found seven articles showing that the intervention models for reducing self-harm behavior in adolescents included Acceptance and Commitment Therapy − DEA (ACT-DEA), Mobile Peer Support App, Post-discharge SMS, Functional Imagery Training (FIT), Cutting Down Program (CDP) and Treatment As Usual (TAU), Expressive Writing Therapy, Mind and Body (MAB). Conclusion: Our findings highlight that these interventions are given to control self-harm behavior, express self-emotions to be positive, and provide strategies, advice, and motivation. These findings were expected to be taken into consideration by health workers such as nurses to implement these available interventions as an effort to prevent and reduce self-harm behavior in adolescents. Therefore, this study can also become a reference for further research-related interventions and strategies for self-harm among various populations.

Objectives: To identify the mechanisms to reduce gender bias during assessments in undergraduate medical education. Material and Methods: A qualitative study with a phenomenological study design was conducted at a Public and Private Medical College in Peshawar, Pakistan, from July 2020 to October 2020. In this qualitative study, four gender-specific focal group interviews with undergraduate medical students and 10 individual interviews with senior faculty members were conducted by using a pre-tested & validated semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. The thematic analysis of the data was done where codes were developed and organized into distinct categories giving rise to discrete themes. Data triangulation was done to increase the credibility and authenticity of the study. Results: Out of 24 students and 10 faculty members, half of the participants were females who shared their perceptions about mechanisms to counteract gender bias in medical education. The analysis revealed 24 codes that were labeled and organized into 10 categories. The 4 themes deducted from these categories were Anti-Bias Training, Surveillance of Examination, Psychological Evaluation of Students & Faculty, and Transparency & Accountability. Conclusion: Gender bias can substantially affect medical students' capacity to learn and succeed in their careers, is a well-established fact. Thus, to reduce gender bias in medical education, medical schools must take more excellent initiatives and promote anti-bias awareness sessions & workshops, post-examination feedback & reporting systems, and strict surveillance & accountability. Similarly, psychological evaluation of teachers & students, structured examination patterns, and promoting a panel of assessors for high stake exams are other strategies to counteract this issue in undergraduate medical education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental issues are becoming more multifaceted and difficult to manage, and with the preponderance of pollution shifting toward problems caused by individuals and small entities, a stronger and wider public understanding of environmental management and related issues is a growing necessity. This study identifies contents of environmental education in solid waste management (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) and assesses the recycling interests of households through a participatory assessment. Using a survey questionnaire that addressed five stages of environmental literacy; (awareness, knowledge, understanding, attitude and skills) as well as solid waste generation, disposal and management, a multistage sampling technique was adopted for data collection. The probability sampling was used to draw 1,230 respondents not less than 18 years of age in selected households from three local government areas, classified into high, medium and low density areas. A correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the knowledge of respondents about waste management and their waste management practices. Findings showed that the knowledge for employing reduction/avoidance, reuse and recycling methods was acquired at a tender age through parents, siblings or relations, and at school. Findings also showed no significant relationship between the knowledge of respondents about the content of Environmental Education (EE) and their waste management practices with a coefficient correlation of 0.107 and p: 0.552 > 0.05. Furthermore, the assessment showed that 96% of the individuals were interested in recycling. Deploying environmental education has a significant impact on waste management practices and early childhood knowledge acquisition is vital to environmental education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scope: This paper attempts to explicate sustainable practices’ status in university libraries with specific reference to Pakistan. This idea enunciates the potential of university libraries to address the environmental issues through work operations as a social responsibility.Design/methodology/approach: This case study utilized multiple methods for mapping data from different sources, such as face-to-face in-person 27 interviews, observation (participants and the sites), pictures, document review and field notes to explore the existing status of sustainable practices of librarians. Furthermore, a cross case analysis was done to validate the findings.Findings: Status of green work practices is unsatisfactory. Majority of librarians are not familiar, have a limited or different understanding of going green. Consequently, green work practices are highly uneven in absence of framed guidelines.Practical Implications: Overall, there is a dearth of LIS literature in the domain of going green. The current research based on the belief that every small individual green action counts on protecting planet earth across nation and across globe.Originality/Value: This case study is to stimulate a conversation on environmental education and promotion among library professionals. Additionally, the study will also place local librarianship into the latest perspective of “green literature” and increase the value and significance of local librarians’ green efforts in the global context.