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Tibial stress fracture associated with knee osteoarthritis is an unusual and difficult clinical scenario. There is no clear existing treatment guideline for this uncommon clinical disease. The aim of this study is to review the impact of various treatment options for patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis associated with proximal tibial stress fracture. The study was performed using the databases of PubMed and Scopus. Methodological index for non-randomized studies score was used to evaluate the included studies' bias. The concluded data included the treatment approach, reported outcome measure, and time to fracture union. The literature search was started in December 2021 and accomplished in January 2022. A narrative description of the different methods and comparison of their results were done. Out of total assessed 69 studies, 9 studies were included in our review. The commonest treatment approach used was total knee arthroplasty by long tibial stem extension. The mean preoperative knee society score and knee functional score were 30.62 and 23.17, respectively. The mean postoperative knee society knee score was 86.87, while the functional score was 83.52. The average reported time to achieve fracture union was 4 months (a range of 2.07 – 5.50 months). The optimal clinical outcome for treating either acute or mobile tibial stress fracture in patients with advanced knee osteoarthritis can be achieved with long stem total knee arthroplasty. However, due to heterogeneity of data, comparison of different treatment options for chronic proximal tibial stress fracture mal-union/non-union coexisting with knee osteoarthritic and such inferences need to be judged cautiously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radar Cross Section (RCS) plays a significant role in detecting and tracking the space-based objects such as launch vehicles, missiles, aircrafts etc. In space applications, Radar systems are used to track and provide real-time trajectory information of the satellite launch vehicles after the lift off from the launch pad for range safety purpose. RCS is a critical key parameter that determines tracking performance of the Radar and it is highly dependent on both Radar operating parameters and the target characteristics. For space-based applications, a good quantity of RCS is required for quick detection by the Radar for continuous tracking. In order to choose the best Radar tracking configuration for real time tracking of the launch vehicle, it is required to model and simulate the launch vehicle’s RCS fluctuations prior to launch in order to predict the real time Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) for its complete dynamic trajectory. This modeling and simulation methodology will help to choose the optimum Radar configuration for obtaining a good quantity SNR in the real-time launch. This study also provides good guidance to Radar operators for the effective Radar operation during real time space object tracking. This paper demonstrates, the real-time RCS fluctuations of a typical ISRO launch vehicle through simulation for its dynamic trajectory using physical optics based EM software prior to launch. Furthermore, the simulation results are validated with real time monostatic Radar tracking data, which showed good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reading proficiency test administered to 200 adult learners in India resulted in an average score of only 38%. Gender, caste, income, and occupation were significant factors in the level of reading proficiency. (SK)

Dental X-Ray (DXR) image segmentation has gained a great research interest due to its significance in various dental related applications such as Dental Diseases Detection, Caries detection, etc. This paper proposes a new DXR image segmentation framework based on Adaptive Fuzzy C-Means Clustering which considers not only the gray-level pixel intensities but also the proximity features of dental image such Edges, Boundaries, Color and Binary features. A new background detection mechanism is also proposed to further boost up the segmentation performance. Simulation experiments conducted over a standard DXR image dataset shows the performance effectiveness. Further, the performance of proposed approach is measured through performance metrics such as Specificity, Sensitivity, False Positive Rate, Positive Predictive Value, False Discovery Rate and False Negative Rae proves the outstand performance. The average detection rate of proposed mechanism is observed as 85.21% and the average FPR is observed as 14.79%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purtscher retinopathy is the rare form of occlusive microvasculopathy, characterized by multiple retinal white areas around the optic nerve head and fovea with paravascular clearing and may be related to intraretinal hemorrhages. Acute Pancreatitis (AP) is one of the most common gastrointestinal reasons for hospital admissions globally. The complications of Acute Pancreatitis may include Purtscher's-like retinopathy, which has a low incidence rate of less than 0.24 instances per million cases. This case report highlights the value of thorough medical history taking and examination, and it apprises the consideration of ophthalmological manifestation in patients of Acute Pancreatitis. A 34-year-old female came to the emergency room due to intense abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting, which worsened over the last 24 h. The pain was described as continuous, sharp, and cramping-like in the upper abdomen, radiating to the back. Lab tests revealed elevated serum amylase and lipase levels, indicating pancreatitis, along with slight leukocytosis. A contrast-enhanced CT scan confirmed acute pancreatitis with mild inflammation and enlargement of the pancreas. Two days after admission, the patient experienced a sudden and painless loss of central vision in both eyes. There was no history of trauma or any other significant relevant history, other than pancreatitis. The ophthalmologist's examination found reduced visual acuity (6/60 in the right eye, 3/60 in the left eye), normal corneas, and anterior chambers. Inkeles and Walsh established the first link between acute pancreatitis and Purtscher-like retinopathy when they reported three cases of the distinctive retinal appearance in individuals with acute pancreatitis in 1975. The recovery and prognosis in cases of Purtscher-like retinopathy is variable and further research is required to ascertain the usage of corticosteroids and pentoxifylline in improving the course of a patient's with Purtscher's-like retinopathy. • Purtscher retinopathy is the rare form of occlusive microvasculopathy • Complications of Acute Pancreatitis may include Purtscher's retinopathy, with low incidence of < 0.24 instances per million. • This case report highlights the value of thorough medical history taking and examination in patients of Acute Pancreatitis. • The recovery and prognosis in cases of Purtscher-like retinopathy is variable and further research is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stress fractures are chronic fatigue failure of bone from repetitive subthreshold loads. Insufficiency fractures occur in bones that are already osteopenic and fail to withstand normal loads over time. Stress fractures of cuneiform bones are extremely rare and usually reported to happen in athletes or recruits. We describe a case of middle cuneiform insufficiency fracture that occurred in a young trainee physician with severe hypovitaminosis D, who joined his training a few weeks before it happened. Magnetic resonance imaging remains the modality of choice of diagnosis of foot stress injuries because it detects even stress reactions with reasonable sensitivity. Cuneiform stress fractures, like other low-risk stress fractures, heal with immobilization only and do not require surgical intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]